documentation: Bump version

Fix read credentials for ccm service
Add claude code multiplexer service
2026-04-11 17:47:20 +10:00 · 2025-10-24 12:27:56 +08:00 · 2025-10-24 12:27:56 +08:00 · 2025-10-24 12:27:55 +08:00 · 2025-10-24 12:27:55 +08:00 · 2025-10-24 12:27:55 +08:00
212 changed files with 9841 additions and 2014 deletions
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -93,10 +93,6 @@ jobs:
          - { os: windows, arch: "386", legacy_win7: true, legacy_name: "windows-7" }
          - { os: windows, arch: arm64 }

-          - { os: darwin, arch: amd64 }
-          - { os: darwin, arch: arm64 }
-          - { os: darwin, arch: amd64, legacy_go124: true, legacy_name: "macos-11" }
-
          - { os: android, arch: arm64, ndk: "aarch64-linux-android21" }
          - { os: android, arch: arm, ndk: "armv7a-linux-androideabi21" }
          - { os: android, arch: amd64, ndk: "x86_64-linux-android21" }
@@ -146,7 +142,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Set build tags
        run: |
          set -xeuo pipefail
-          TAGS='with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale'
+          TAGS='with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0'
          echo "BUILD_TAGS=${TAGS}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
      - name: Build
        if: matrix.os != 'android'
@@ -154,7 +150,7 @@ jobs:
          set -xeuo pipefail
          mkdir -p dist
          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' \
+          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -checklinkname=0' \
          ./cmd/sing-box
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
@@ -174,7 +170,7 @@ jobs:
          export CXX="${CC}++"
          mkdir -p dist
          GOOS=$BUILD_GOOS GOARCH=$BUILD_GOARCH build go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' \
+          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -checklinkname=0' \
          ./cmd/sing-box
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: "1"
@@ -285,6 +281,77 @@ jobs:
        with:
          name: binary-${{ matrix.os }}_${{ matrix.arch }}${{ matrix.goarm && format('v{0}', matrix.goarm) }}${{ matrix.go386 && format('_{0}', matrix.go386) }}${{ matrix.gomips && format('_{0}', matrix.gomips) }}${{ matrix.legacy_name && format('-legacy-{0}', matrix.legacy_name) }}
          path: "dist"
+  build_darwin:
+    name: Build Darwin binaries
+    if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Binary'
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    needs:
+      - calculate_version
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - { arch: amd64 }
+          - { arch: arm64 }
+          - { arch: amd64, legacy_go124: true, legacy_name: "macos-11" }
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Setup Go
+        if: ${{ ! matrix.legacy_go124 }}
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: ^1.25.3
+      - name: Setup Go 1.24
+        if: matrix.legacy_go124
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: ~1.24.6
+      - name: Set tag
+        run: |-
+          git ls-remote --exit-code --tags origin v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} || echo "PUBLISHED=false" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          git tag v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -f
+      - name: Set build tags
+        run: |
+          set -xeuo pipefail
+          TAGS='with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0'
+          echo "BUILD_TAGS=${TAGS}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          set -xeuo pipefail
+          mkdir -p dist
+          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
+          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -checklinkname=0' \
+          ./cmd/sing-box
+        env:
+          CGO_ENABLED: "1"
+          GOOS: darwin
+          GOARCH: ${{ matrix.arch }}
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+      - name: Set name
+        run: |-
+          DIR_NAME="sing-box-${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}-darwin-${{ matrix.arch }}"
+          if [[ -n "${{ matrix.legacy_name }}" ]]; then
+            DIR_NAME="${DIR_NAME}-legacy-${{ matrix.legacy_name }}"
+          fi
+          echo "DIR_NAME=${DIR_NAME}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
+      - name: Archive
+        run: |
+          set -xeuo pipefail
+          cd dist
+          mkdir -p "${DIR_NAME}"
+          cp ../LICENSE "${DIR_NAME}"
+          cp sing-box "${DIR_NAME}"
+          tar -czvf "${DIR_NAME}.tar.gz" "${DIR_NAME}"
+          rm -r "${DIR_NAME}"
+      - name: Cleanup
+        run: rm dist/sing-box
+      - name: Upload artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          name: binary-darwin_${{ matrix.arch }}${{ matrix.legacy_name && format('-legacy-{0}', matrix.legacy_name) }}
+          path: "dist"
  build_android:
    name: Build Android
    if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Android'
@@ -619,6 +686,7 @@ jobs:
    needs:
      - calculate_version
      - build
+      - build_darwin
      - build_android
      - build_apple
    steps:
--- a/.github/workflows/lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ~1.24.6
+          go-version: ^1.25
      - name: golangci-lint
        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v8
        with:
--- a/.github/workflows/linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
@@ -85,14 +85,14 @@ jobs:
      - name: Set build tags
        run: |
          set -xeuo pipefail
-          TAGS='with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale'
+          TAGS='with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0'
          echo "BUILD_TAGS=${TAGS}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
      - name: Build
        run: |
          set -xeuo pipefail
          mkdir -p dist
          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' \
+          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -checklinkname=0' \
          ./cmd/sing-box
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 version: "2"
 run:
-  go: "1.24"
+  go: "1.25"
  build-tags:
    - with_gvisor
    - with_quic
--- a/.goreleaser.fury.yaml
+++ b/.goreleaser.fury.yaml
@@ -1,103 +0,0 @@
-project_name: sing-box
-builds:
-  - id: main
-    main: ./cmd/sing-box
-    flags:
-      - -v
-      - -trimpath
-    ldflags:
-      - -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version={{ .Version }}
-      - -s
-      - -buildid=
-    tags:
-      - with_gvisor
-      - with_quic
-      - with_dhcp
-      - with_wireguard
-      - with_utls
-      - with_acme
-      - with_clash_api
-      - with_tailscale
-    env:
-      - CGO_ENABLED=0
-    targets:
-      - linux_386
-      - linux_amd64_v1
-      - linux_arm64
-      - linux_arm_7
-      - linux_s390x
-      - linux_riscv64
-      - linux_mips64le
-    mod_timestamp: '{{ .CommitTimestamp }}'
-snapshot:
-  name_template: "{{ .Version }}.{{ .ShortCommit }}"
-nfpms:
-  - &template
-    id: package
-    package_name: sing-box
-    file_name_template: '{{ .ProjectName }}_{{ .Version }}_{{ .Os }}_{{ .Arch }}{{ with .Arm }}v{{ . }}{{ end }}{{ with .Mips }}_{{ . }}{{ end }}{{ if not (eq .Amd64 "v1") }}{{ .Amd64 }}{{ end }}'
-    builds:
-      - main
-    homepage: https://sing-box.sagernet.org/
-    maintainer: nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>
-    description: The universal proxy platform.
-    license: GPLv3 or later
-    formats:
-      - deb
-      - rpm
-    priority: extra
-    contents:
-      - src: release/config/config.json
-        dst: /etc/sing-box/config.json
-        type: "config|noreplace"
-
-      - src: release/config/sing-box.service
-        dst: /usr/lib/systemd/system/sing-box.service
-      - src: release/config/sing-box@.service
-        dst: /usr/lib/systemd/system/sing-box@.service
-      - src: release/config/sing-box.sysusers
-        dst: /usr/lib/sysusers.d/sing-box.conf
-      - src: release/config/sing-box.rules
-        dst: /usr/share/polkit-1/rules.d/sing-box.rules
-      - src: release/config/sing-box-split-dns.xml
-        dst: /usr/share/dbus-1/system.d/sing-box-split-dns.conf
-
-      - src: release/completions/sing-box.bash
-        dst: /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/sing-box.bash
-      - src: release/completions/sing-box.fish
-        dst: /usr/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/sing-box.fish
-      - src: release/completions/sing-box.zsh
-        dst: /usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_sing-box
-
-      - src: LICENSE
-        dst: /usr/share/licenses/sing-box/LICENSE
-    deb:
-      signature:
-        key_file: "{{ .Env.NFPM_KEY_PATH }}"
-      fields:
-        Bugs: https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/issues
-    rpm:
-      signature:
-        key_file: "{{ .Env.NFPM_KEY_PATH }}"
-    conflicts:
-      - sing-box-beta
-  - id: package_beta
-    <<: *template
-    package_name: sing-box-beta
-    file_name_template: '{{ .ProjectName }}-beta_{{ .Version }}_{{ .Os }}_{{ .Arch }}{{ with .Arm }}v{{ . }}{{ end }}{{ with .Mips }}_{{ . }}{{ end }}{{ if not (eq .Amd64 "v1") }}{{ .Amd64 }}{{ end }}'
-    formats:
-      - deb
-      - rpm
-    conflicts:
-      - sing-box
-release:
-  disable: true
-furies:
-  - account: sagernet
-    ids:
-      - package
-    disable: "{{ not (not .Prerelease) }}"
-  - account: sagernet
-    ids:
-      - package_beta
-    disable: "{{ not .Prerelease }}"
--- a/.goreleaser.yaml
+++ b/.goreleaser.yaml
@@ -1,213 +0,0 @@
-version: 2
-project_name: sing-box
-builds:
-  - &template
-    id: main
-    main: ./cmd/sing-box
-    flags:
-      - -v
-      - -trimpath
-    ldflags:
-      - -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version={{ .Version }}
-      - -s
-      - -buildid=
-    tags:
-      - with_gvisor
-      - with_quic
-      - with_dhcp
-      - with_wireguard
-      - with_utls
-      - with_acme
-      - with_clash_api
-      - with_tailscale
-    env:
-      - CGO_ENABLED=0
-      - GOTOOLCHAIN=local
-    targets:
-      - linux_386
-      - linux_amd64_v1
-      - linux_arm64
-      - linux_arm_6
-      - linux_arm_7
-      - linux_s390x
-      - linux_riscv64
-      - linux_mips64le
-      - windows_amd64_v1
-      - windows_386
-      - windows_arm64
-      - darwin_amd64_v1
-      - darwin_arm64
-    mod_timestamp: '{{ .CommitTimestamp }}'
-  - id: legacy
-    <<: *template
-    tags:
-      - with_gvisor
-      - with_quic
-      - with_dhcp
-      - with_wireguard
-      - with_utls
-      - with_acme
-      - with_clash_api
-      - with_tailscale
-    env:
-      - CGO_ENABLED=0
-      - GOROOT={{ .Env.GOPATH }}/go_legacy
-    tool: "{{ .Env.GOPATH }}/go_legacy/bin/go"
-    targets:
-      - windows_amd64_v1
-      - windows_386
-  - id: android
-    <<: *template
-    env:
-      - CGO_ENABLED=1
-      - GOTOOLCHAIN=local
-    overrides:
-      - goos: android
-        goarch: arm
-        goarm: 7
-        env:
-          - CC=armv7a-linux-androideabi21-clang
-          - CXX=armv7a-linux-androideabi21-clang++
-      - goos: android
-        goarch: arm64
-        env:
-          - CC=aarch64-linux-android21-clang
-          - CXX=aarch64-linux-android21-clang++
-      - goos: android
-        goarch: 386
-        env:
-          - CC=i686-linux-android21-clang
-          - CXX=i686-linux-android21-clang++
-      - goos: android
-        goarch: amd64
-        goamd64: v1
-        env:
-          - CC=x86_64-linux-android21-clang
-          - CXX=x86_64-linux-android21-clang++
-    targets:
-      - android_arm_7
-      - android_arm64
-      - android_386
-      - android_amd64
-archives:
-  - &template
-    id: archive
-    builds:
-      - main
-      - android
-    formats:
-      - tar.gz
-    format_overrides:
-      - goos: windows
-        formats:
-          - zip
-    wrap_in_directory: true
-    files:
-      - LICENSE
-    name_template: '{{ .ProjectName }}-{{ .Version }}-{{ .Os }}-{{ .Arch }}{{ with .Arm }}v{{ . }}{{ end }}{{ if and .Mips (not (eq .Mips "hardfloat")) }}_{{ .Mips }}{{ end }}{{ if not (eq .Amd64 "v1") }}{{ .Amd64 }}{{ end }}'
-  - id: archive-legacy
-    <<: *template
-    builds:
-      - legacy
-    name_template: '{{ .ProjectName }}-{{ .Version }}-{{ .Os }}-{{ .Arch }}-legacy'
-nfpms:
-  - id: package
-    package_name: sing-box
-    file_name_template: '{{ .ProjectName }}_{{ .Version }}_{{ .Os }}_{{ .Arch }}{{ with .Arm }}v{{ . }}{{ end }}{{ if and .Mips (not (eq .Mips "hardfloat")) }}_{{ .Mips }}{{ end }}{{ if not (eq .Amd64 "v1") }}{{ .Amd64 }}{{ end }}'
-    builds:
-      - main
-    homepage: https://sing-box.sagernet.org/
-    maintainer: nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>
-    description: The universal proxy platform.
-    license: GPLv3 or later
-    formats:
-      - deb
-      - rpm
-      - archlinux
-#      - apk
-#      - ipk
-    priority: extra
-    contents:
-      - src: release/config/config.json
-        dst: /etc/sing-box/config.json
-        type: "config|noreplace"
-
-      - src: release/config/sing-box.service
-        dst: /usr/lib/systemd/system/sing-box.service
-      - src: release/config/sing-box@.service
-        dst: /usr/lib/systemd/system/sing-box@.service
-      - src: release/config/sing-box.sysusers
-        dst: /usr/lib/sysusers.d/sing-box.conf
-      - src: release/config/sing-box.rules
-        dst: /usr/share/polkit-1/rules.d/sing-box.rules
-      - src: release/config/sing-box-split-dns.xml
-        dst: /usr/share/dbus-1/system.d/sing-box-split-dns.conf
-
-      - src: release/completions/sing-box.bash
-        dst: /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/sing-box.bash
-      - src: release/completions/sing-box.fish
-        dst: /usr/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/sing-box.fish
-      - src: release/completions/sing-box.zsh
-        dst: /usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_sing-box
-
-      - src: LICENSE
-        dst: /usr/share/licenses/sing-box/LICENSE
-    deb:
-      signature:
-        key_file: "{{ .Env.NFPM_KEY_PATH }}"
-      fields:
-        Bugs: https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/issues
-    rpm:
-      signature:
-        key_file: "{{ .Env.NFPM_KEY_PATH }}"
-    overrides:
-      apk:
-        contents:
-          - src: release/config/config.json
-            dst: /etc/sing-box/config.json
-            type: config
-
-          - src: release/config/sing-box.initd
-            dst: /etc/init.d/sing-box
-
-          - src: release/completions/sing-box.bash
-            dst: /usr/share/bash-completion/completions/sing-box.bash
-          - src: release/completions/sing-box.fish
-            dst: /usr/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/sing-box.fish
-          - src: release/completions/sing-box.zsh
-            dst: /usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_sing-box
-
-          - src: LICENSE
-            dst: /usr/share/licenses/sing-box/LICENSE
-      ipk:
-        contents:
-          - src: release/config/config.json
-            dst: /etc/sing-box/config.json
-            type: config
-
-          - src: release/config/openwrt.init
-            dst: /etc/init.d/sing-box
-          - src: release/config/openwrt.conf
-            dst: /etc/config/sing-box
-source:
-  enabled: false
-  name_template: '{{ .ProjectName }}-{{ .Version }}.source'
-  prefix_template: '{{ .ProjectName }}-{{ .Version }}/'
-checksum:
-  disable: true
-  name_template: '{{ .ProjectName }}-{{ .Version }}.checksum'
-signs:
-  - artifacts: checksum
-release:
-  github:
-    owner: SagerNet
-    name: sing-box
-  draft: true
-  prerelease: auto
-  mode: replace
-  ids:
-    - archive
-    - package
-  skip_upload: true
-partial:
-  by: target
--- a/4
+++ b/4
@@ -13,9 +13,9 @@ RUN set -ex \
    && export COMMIT=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) \
    && export VERSION=$(go run ./cmd/internal/read_tag) \
    && go build -v -trimpath -tags \
-        "with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale" \
+        "with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0" \
        -o /go/bin/sing-box \
-        -ldflags "-X \"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$VERSION\" -s -w -buildid=" \
+        -ldflags "-X \"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$VERSION\" -s -w -buildid= -checklinkname=0" \
        ./cmd/sing-box
 FROM --platform=$TARGETPLATFORM alpine AS dist
 LABEL maintainer="nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>"
--- a/4
+++ b/4
@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 NAME = sing-box
 COMMIT = $(shell git rev-parse --short HEAD)
-TAGS ?= with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale
+TAGS ?= with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0

 GOHOSTOS = $(shell go env GOHOSTOS)
 GOHOSTARCH = $(shell go env GOHOSTARCH)
 VERSION=$(shell CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=$(GOHOSTOS) GOARCH=$(GOHOSTARCH) go run github.com/sagernet/sing-box/cmd/internal/read_tag@latest)

-PARAMS = -v -trimpath -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$(VERSION)' -s -w -buildid="
+PARAMS = -v -trimpath -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$(VERSION)' -s -w -buildid= -checklinkname=0"
 MAIN_PARAMS = $(PARAMS) -tags "$(TAGS)"
 MAIN = ./cmd/sing-box
 PREFIX ?= $(shell go env GOPATH)
--- a/adapter/outbound.go
+++ b/adapter/outbound.go
@@ -2,9 +2,12 @@ package adapter

 import (
 	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 )

@@ -18,6 +21,17 @@ type Outbound interface {
 	N.Dialer
 }

+type OutboundWithPreferredRoutes interface {
+	Outbound
+	PreferredDomain(domain string) bool
+	PreferredAddress(address netip.Addr) bool
+}
+
+type DirectRouteOutbound interface {
+	Outbound
+	NewDirectRouteConnection(metadata InboundContext, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error)
+}
+
 type OutboundRegistry interface {
 	option.OutboundOptionsRegistry
 	CreateOutbound(ctx context.Context, router Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, outboundType string, options any) (Outbound, error)
--- a/adapter/router.go
+++ b/adapter/router.go
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"sync"
+	"time"

 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
@@ -19,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 type Router interface {
 	Lifecycle
 	ConnectionRouter
-	PreMatch(metadata InboundContext) error
+	PreMatch(metadata InboundContext, context tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error)
 	ConnectionRouterEx
 	RuleSet(tag string) (RuleSet, bool)
 	NeedWIFIState() bool
--- a/box.go
+++ b/box.go
@@ -323,13 +323,14 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 			option.DirectOutboundOptions{},
 		)
 	})
-	dnsTransportManager.Initialize(common.Must1(
-		local.NewTransport(
+	dnsTransportManager.Initialize(func() (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
+		return local.NewTransport(
 			ctx,
 			logFactory.NewLogger("dns/local"),
 			"local",
 			option.LocalDNSServerOptions{},
-		)))
+		)
+	})
 	if platformInterface != nil {
 		err = platformInterface.Initialize(networkManager)
 		if err != nil {
--- a/cmd/internal/build_libbox/main.go
+++ b/cmd/internal/build_libbox/main.go
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ var (
 	sharedFlags []string
 	debugFlags  []string
 	sharedTags  []string
-	darwinTags  []string
+	macOSTags   []string
 	memcTags    []string
 	notMemcTags []string
 	debugTags   []string
@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@ func init() {
 	if err != nil {
 		currentTag = "unknown"
 	}
-	sharedFlags = append(sharedFlags, "-ldflags", "-X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version="+currentTag+" -s -w -buildid=")
-	debugFlags = append(debugFlags, "-ldflags", "-X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version="+currentTag)
+	sharedFlags = append(sharedFlags, "-ldflags", "-X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version="+currentTag+" -s -w -buildid=  -checklinkname=0")
+	debugFlags = append(debugFlags, "-ldflags", "-X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version="+currentTag+" -checklinkname=0")

-	sharedTags = append(sharedTags, "with_gvisor", "with_quic", "with_wireguard", "with_utls", "with_clash_api", "with_conntrack")
-	darwinTags = append(darwinTags, "with_dhcp")
+	sharedTags = append(sharedTags, "with_gvisor", "with_quic", "with_wireguard", "with_utls", "with_clash_api", "with_conntrack", "badlinkname", "tfogo_checklinkname0")
+	macOSTags = append(macOSTags, "with_dhcp")
 	memcTags = append(memcTags, "with_tailscale")
 	notMemcTags = append(notMemcTags, "with_low_memory")
 	debugTags = append(debugTags, "debug")
@@ -107,10 +107,8 @@ func buildAndroid() {
 	}

 	if !debugEnabled {
-		sharedFlags[3] = sharedFlags[3] + " -checklinkname=0"
 		args = append(args, sharedFlags...)
 	} else {
-		debugFlags[1] = debugFlags[1] + " -checklinkname=0"
 		args = append(args, debugFlags...)
 	}

@@ -160,7 +158,9 @@ func buildApple() {
 		"-tags-not-macos=with_low_memory",
 	}
 	if !withTailscale {
-		args = append(args, "-tags-macos="+strings.Join(memcTags, ","))
+		args = append(args, "-tags-macos="+strings.Join(append(macOSTags, memcTags...), ","))
+	} else {
+		args = append(args, "-tags-macos="+strings.Join(macOSTags, ","))
 	}

 	if !debugEnabled {
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ func buildApple() {
 		args = append(args, debugFlags...)
 	}

-	tags := append(sharedTags, darwinTags...)
+	tags := sharedTags
 	if withTailscale {
 		tags = append(tags, memcTags...)
 	}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_compile.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_compile.go
@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ import (
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/srs"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/route/rule"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"

 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ func compileRuleSet(sourcePath string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = srs.Write(outputFile, plainRuleSet.Options, plainRuleSet.Version)
+	err = srs.Write(outputFile, plainRuleSet.Options, downgradeRuleSetVersion(plainRuleSet.Version, plainRuleSet.Options))
 	if err != nil {
 		outputFile.Close()
 		os.Remove(outputPath)
@@ -78,3 +80,18 @@ func compileRuleSet(sourcePath string) error {
 	outputFile.Close()
 	return nil
 }
+
+func downgradeRuleSetVersion(version uint8, options option.PlainRuleSet) uint8 {
+	if version == C.RuleSetVersion4 && !rule.HasHeadlessRule(options.Rules, func(rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule) bool {
+		return rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress != nil && rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Size() > 0 ||
+			len(rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress) > 0
+	}) {
+		version = C.RuleSetVersion3
+	}
+	if version == C.RuleSetVersion3 && !rule.HasHeadlessRule(options.Rules, func(rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule) bool {
+		return len(rule.NetworkType) > 0 || rule.NetworkIsExpensive || rule.NetworkIsConstrained
+	}) {
+		version = C.RuleSetVersion2
+	}
+	return version
+}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_fetch_http3.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_fetch_http3.go
@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func initializeHTTP3Client(instance *box.Box) error {
 	}
 	http3Client = &http.Client{
 		Transport: &http3.Transport{
-			Dial: func(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsCfg *tls.Config, cfg *quic.Config) (quic.EarlyConnection, error) {
+			Dial: func(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsCfg *tls.Config, cfg *quic.Config) (*quic.Conn, error) {
 				destination := M.ParseSocksaddr(addr)
 				udpConn, dErr := dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, destination)
 				if dErr != nil {
--- a/common/badtls/raw_conn.go
+++ b/common/badtls/raw_conn.go
@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+//go:build go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package badtls
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
+)
+
+type RawConn struct {
+	pointer unsafe.Pointer
+	methods *Methods
+
+	IsClient            *bool
+	IsHandshakeComplete *atomic.Bool
+	Vers                *uint16
+	CipherSuite         *uint16
+
+	RawInput *bytes.Buffer
+	Input    *bytes.Reader
+	Hand     *bytes.Buffer
+
+	CloseNotifySent *bool
+	CloseNotifyErr  *error
+
+	In  *RawHalfConn
+	Out *RawHalfConn
+
+	BytesSent   *int64
+	PacketsSent *int64
+
+	ActiveCall *atomic.Int32
+	Tmp        *[16]byte
+}
+
+func NewRawConn(rawTLSConn tls.Conn) (*RawConn, error) {
+	var (
+		pointer unsafe.Pointer
+		methods *Methods
+		loaded  bool
+	)
+	for _, tlsCreator := range methodRegistry {
+		pointer, methods, loaded = tlsCreator(rawTLSConn)
+		if loaded {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !loaded {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+
+	conn := &RawConn{
+		pointer: pointer,
+		methods: methods,
+	}
+
+	rawConn := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(rawTLSConn))
+
+	rawIsClient := rawConn.FieldByName("isClient")
+	if !rawIsClient.IsValid() || rawIsClient.Kind() != reflect.Bool {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.isClient")
+	}
+	conn.IsClient = (*bool)(unsafe.Pointer(rawIsClient.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawIsHandshakeComplete := rawConn.FieldByName("isHandshakeComplete")
+	if !rawIsHandshakeComplete.IsValid() || rawIsHandshakeComplete.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.isHandshakeComplete")
+	}
+	conn.IsHandshakeComplete = (*atomic.Bool)(unsafe.Pointer(rawIsHandshakeComplete.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawVers := rawConn.FieldByName("vers")
+	if !rawVers.IsValid() || rawVers.Kind() != reflect.Uint16 {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.vers")
+	}
+	conn.Vers = (*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(rawVers.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawCipherSuite := rawConn.FieldByName("cipherSuite")
+	if !rawCipherSuite.IsValid() || rawCipherSuite.Kind() != reflect.Uint16 {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.cipherSuite")
+	}
+	conn.CipherSuite = (*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(rawCipherSuite.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawRawInput := rawConn.FieldByName("rawInput")
+	if !rawRawInput.IsValid() || rawRawInput.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.rawInput")
+	}
+	conn.RawInput = (*bytes.Buffer)(unsafe.Pointer(rawRawInput.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawInput := rawConn.FieldByName("input")
+	if !rawInput.IsValid() || rawInput.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.input")
+	}
+	conn.Input = (*bytes.Reader)(unsafe.Pointer(rawInput.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawHand := rawConn.FieldByName("hand")
+	if !rawHand.IsValid() || rawHand.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.hand")
+	}
+	conn.Hand = (*bytes.Buffer)(unsafe.Pointer(rawHand.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawCloseNotifySent := rawConn.FieldByName("closeNotifySent")
+	if !rawCloseNotifySent.IsValid() || rawCloseNotifySent.Kind() != reflect.Bool {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.closeNotifySent")
+	}
+	conn.CloseNotifySent = (*bool)(unsafe.Pointer(rawCloseNotifySent.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawCloseNotifyErr := rawConn.FieldByName("closeNotifyErr")
+	if !rawCloseNotifyErr.IsValid() || rawCloseNotifyErr.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.closeNotifyErr")
+	}
+	conn.CloseNotifyErr = (*error)(unsafe.Pointer(rawCloseNotifyErr.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawIn := rawConn.FieldByName("in")
+	if !rawIn.IsValid() || rawIn.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.in")
+	}
+	halfIn, err := NewRawHalfConn(rawIn, methods)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "invalid Conn.in")
+	}
+	conn.In = halfIn
+
+	rawOut := rawConn.FieldByName("out")
+	if !rawOut.IsValid() || rawOut.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.out")
+	}
+	halfOut, err := NewRawHalfConn(rawOut, methods)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "invalid Conn.out")
+	}
+	conn.Out = halfOut
+
+	rawBytesSent := rawConn.FieldByName("bytesSent")
+	if !rawBytesSent.IsValid() || rawBytesSent.Kind() != reflect.Int64 {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.bytesSent")
+	}
+	conn.BytesSent = (*int64)(unsafe.Pointer(rawBytesSent.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawPacketsSent := rawConn.FieldByName("packetsSent")
+	if !rawPacketsSent.IsValid() || rawPacketsSent.Kind() != reflect.Int64 {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.packetsSent")
+	}
+	conn.PacketsSent = (*int64)(unsafe.Pointer(rawPacketsSent.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawActiveCall := rawConn.FieldByName("activeCall")
+	if !rawActiveCall.IsValid() || rawActiveCall.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.activeCall")
+	}
+	conn.ActiveCall = (*atomic.Int32)(unsafe.Pointer(rawActiveCall.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawTmp := rawConn.FieldByName("tmp")
+	if !rawTmp.IsValid() || rawTmp.Kind() != reflect.Array || rawTmp.Len() != 16 || rawTmp.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.tmp")
+	}
+	conn.Tmp = (*[16]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawTmp.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	return conn, nil
+}
+
+func (c *RawConn) ReadRecord() error {
+	return c.methods.readRecord(c.pointer)
+}
+
+func (c *RawConn) HandlePostHandshakeMessage() error {
+	return c.methods.handlePostHandshakeMessage(c.pointer)
+}
+
+func (c *RawConn) WriteRecordLocked(typ uint16, data []byte) (int, error) {
+	return c.methods.writeRecordLocked(c.pointer, typ, data)
+}
--- a/common/badtls/raw_half_conn.go
+++ b/common/badtls/raw_half_conn.go
@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+//go:build go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package badtls
+
+import (
+	"hash"
+	"reflect"
+	"sync"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+)
+
+type RawHalfConn struct {
+	pointer unsafe.Pointer
+	methods *Methods
+	*sync.Mutex
+	Err           *error
+	Version       *uint16
+	Cipher        *any
+	Seq           *[8]byte
+	ScratchBuf    *[13]byte
+	TrafficSecret *[]byte
+	Mac           *hash.Hash
+	RawKey        *[]byte
+	RawIV         *[]byte
+	RawMac        *[]byte
+}
+
+func NewRawHalfConn(rawHalfConn reflect.Value, methods *Methods) (*RawHalfConn, error) {
+	halfConn := &RawHalfConn{
+		pointer: (unsafe.Pointer)(rawHalfConn.UnsafeAddr()),
+		methods: methods,
+	}
+
+	rawMutex := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("Mutex")
+	if !rawMutex.IsValid() || rawMutex.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.Mutex")
+	}
+	halfConn.Mutex = (*sync.Mutex)(unsafe.Pointer(rawMutex.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawErr := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("err")
+	if !rawErr.IsValid() || rawErr.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.err")
+	}
+	halfConn.Err = (*error)(unsafe.Pointer(rawErr.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawVersion := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("version")
+	if !rawVersion.IsValid() || rawVersion.Kind() != reflect.Uint16 {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.version")
+	}
+	halfConn.Version = (*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(rawVersion.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawCipher := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("cipher")
+	if !rawCipher.IsValid() || rawCipher.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.cipher")
+	}
+	halfConn.Cipher = (*any)(unsafe.Pointer(rawCipher.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawSeq := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("seq")
+	if !rawSeq.IsValid() || rawSeq.Kind() != reflect.Array || rawSeq.Len() != 8 || rawSeq.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.seq")
+	}
+	halfConn.Seq = (*[8]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawSeq.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawScratchBuf := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("scratchBuf")
+	if !rawScratchBuf.IsValid() || rawScratchBuf.Kind() != reflect.Array || rawScratchBuf.Len() != 13 || rawScratchBuf.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.scratchBuf")
+	}
+	halfConn.ScratchBuf = (*[13]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawScratchBuf.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawTrafficSecret := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("trafficSecret")
+	if !rawTrafficSecret.IsValid() || rawTrafficSecret.Kind() != reflect.Slice || rawTrafficSecret.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.trafficSecret")
+	}
+	halfConn.TrafficSecret = (*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawTrafficSecret.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawMac := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("mac")
+	if !rawMac.IsValid() || rawMac.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.mac")
+	}
+	halfConn.Mac = (*hash.Hash)(unsafe.Pointer(rawMac.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawKey := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("rawKey")
+	if rawKey.IsValid() {
+		if /*!rawKey.IsValid() || */ rawKey.Kind() != reflect.Slice || rawKey.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+			return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.rawKey")
+		}
+		halfConn.RawKey = (*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawKey.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+		rawIV := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("rawIV")
+		if !rawIV.IsValid() || rawIV.Kind() != reflect.Slice || rawIV.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+			return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.rawIV")
+		}
+		halfConn.RawIV = (*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawIV.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+		rawMAC := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("rawMac")
+		if !rawMAC.IsValid() || rawMAC.Kind() != reflect.Slice || rawMAC.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+			return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.rawMac")
+		}
+		halfConn.RawMac = (*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawMAC.UnsafeAddr()))
+	}
+
+	return halfConn, nil
+}
+
+func (hc *RawHalfConn) Decrypt(record []byte) ([]byte, uint8, error) {
+	return hc.methods.decrypt(hc.pointer, record)
+}
+
+func (hc *RawHalfConn) SetErrorLocked(err error) error {
+	return hc.methods.setErrorLocked(hc.pointer, err)
+}
+
+func (hc *RawHalfConn) SetTrafficSecret(suite unsafe.Pointer, level int, secret []byte) {
+	hc.methods.setTrafficSecret(hc.pointer, suite, level, secret)
+}
+
+func (hc *RawHalfConn) ExplicitNonceLen() int {
+	return hc.methods.explicitNonceLen(hc.pointer)
+}
--- a/common/badtls/read_wait.go
+++ b/common/badtls/read_wait.go
@@ -1,18 +1,9 @@
-//go:build go1.21 && !without_badtls
+//go:build go1.25 && badlinkname

 package badtls

 import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"net"
-	"os"
-	"reflect"
-	"sync"
-	"unsafe"
-
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
 )
@@ -21,63 +12,21 @@ var _ N.ReadWaiter = (*ReadWaitConn)(nil)

 type ReadWaitConn struct {
 	tls.Conn
-	halfAccess                    *sync.Mutex
-	rawInput                      *bytes.Buffer
-	input                         *bytes.Reader
-	hand                          *bytes.Buffer
-	readWaitOptions               N.ReadWaitOptions
-	tlsReadRecord                 func() error
-	tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage func() error
+	rawConn         *RawConn
+	readWaitOptions N.ReadWaitOptions
 }

 func NewReadWaitConn(conn tls.Conn) (tls.Conn, error) {
-	var (
-		loaded                        bool
-		tlsReadRecord                 func() error
-		tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage func() error
-	)
-	for _, tlsCreator := range tlsRegistry {
-		loaded, tlsReadRecord, tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage = tlsCreator(conn)
-		if loaded {
-			break
-		}
+	if _, isReadWaitConn := conn.(N.ReadWaiter); isReadWaitConn {
+		return conn, nil
 	}
-	if !loaded {
-		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	rawConn, err := NewRawConn(conn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	rawConn := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(conn))
-	rawHalfConn := rawConn.FieldByName("in")
-	if !rawHalfConn.IsValid() || rawHalfConn.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid half conn")
-	}
-	rawHalfMutex := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("Mutex")
-	if !rawHalfMutex.IsValid() || rawHalfMutex.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid half mutex")
-	}
-	halfAccess := (*sync.Mutex)(unsafe.Pointer(rawHalfMutex.UnsafeAddr()))
-	rawRawInput := rawConn.FieldByName("rawInput")
-	if !rawRawInput.IsValid() || rawRawInput.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid raw input")
-	}
-	rawInput := (*bytes.Buffer)(unsafe.Pointer(rawRawInput.UnsafeAddr()))
-	rawInput0 := rawConn.FieldByName("input")
-	if !rawInput0.IsValid() || rawInput0.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid input")
-	}
-	input := (*bytes.Reader)(unsafe.Pointer(rawInput0.UnsafeAddr()))
-	rawHand := rawConn.FieldByName("hand")
-	if !rawHand.IsValid() || rawHand.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid hand")
-	}
-	hand := (*bytes.Buffer)(unsafe.Pointer(rawHand.UnsafeAddr()))
 	return &ReadWaitConn{
-		Conn:                          conn,
-		halfAccess:                    halfAccess,
-		rawInput:                      rawInput,
-		input:                         input,
-		hand:                          hand,
-		tlsReadRecord:                 tlsReadRecord,
-		tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage: tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage,
+		Conn:    conn,
+		rawConn: rawConn,
 	}, nil
 }

@@ -87,36 +36,36 @@ func (c *ReadWaitConn) InitializeReadWaiter(options N.ReadWaitOptions) (needCopy
 }

 func (c *ReadWaitConn) WaitReadBuffer() (buffer *buf.Buffer, err error) {
-	err = c.HandshakeContext(context.Background())
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	c.halfAccess.Lock()
-	defer c.halfAccess.Unlock()
-	for c.input.Len() == 0 {
-		err = c.tlsReadRecord()
+	//err = c.HandshakeContext(context.Background())
+	//if err != nil {
+	//	return
+	//}
+	c.rawConn.In.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.In.Unlock()
+	for c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 {
+		err = c.rawConn.ReadRecord()
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
-		for c.hand.Len() > 0 {
-			err = c.tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage()
+		for c.rawConn.Hand.Len() > 0 {
+			err = c.rawConn.HandlePostHandshakeMessage()
 			if err != nil {
 				return
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	buffer = c.readWaitOptions.NewBuffer()
-	n, err := c.input.Read(buffer.FreeBytes())
+	n, err := c.rawConn.Input.Read(buffer.FreeBytes())
 	if err != nil {
 		buffer.Release()
 		return
 	}
 	buffer.Truncate(n)

-	if n != 0 && c.input.Len() == 0 && c.rawInput.Len() > 0 &&
-		// recordType(c.rawInput.Bytes()[0]) == recordTypeAlert {
-		c.rawInput.Bytes()[0] == 21 {
-		_ = c.tlsReadRecord()
+	if n != 0 && c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 && c.rawConn.Input.Len() > 0 &&
+		// recordType(c.RawInput.Bytes()[0]) == recordTypeAlert {
+		c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes()[0] == 21 {
+		_ = c.rawConn.ReadRecord()
 		// return n, err // will be io.EOF on closeNotify
 	}

@@ -131,25 +80,3 @@ func (c *ReadWaitConn) Upstream() any {
 func (c *ReadWaitConn) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
 	return true
 }
-
-var tlsRegistry []func(conn net.Conn) (loaded bool, tlsReadRecord func() error, tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage func() error)
-
-func init() {
-	tlsRegistry = append(tlsRegistry, func(conn net.Conn) (loaded bool, tlsReadRecord func() error, tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage func() error) {
-		tlsConn, loaded := conn.(*tls.STDConn)
-		if !loaded {
-			return
-		}
-		return true, func() error {
-				return stdTLSReadRecord(tlsConn)
-			}, func() error {
-				return stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage(tlsConn)
-			}
-	})
-}
-
-//go:linkname stdTLSReadRecord crypto/tls.(*Conn).readRecord
-func stdTLSReadRecord(c *tls.STDConn) error
-
-//go:linkname stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage crypto/tls.(*Conn).handlePostHandshakeMessage
-func stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage(c *tls.STDConn) error
--- a/common/badtls/read_wait_stub.go
+++ b/common/badtls/read_wait_stub.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !go1.21 || without_badtls
+//go:build !go1.25 || !badlinkname

 package badtls

--- a/common/badtls/read_wait_utls.go
+++ b/common/badtls/read_wait_utls.go
@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-//go:build go1.21 && !without_badtls && with_utls
-
-package badtls
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	_ "unsafe"
-
-	"github.com/metacubex/utls"
-)
-
-func init() {
-	tlsRegistry = append(tlsRegistry, func(conn net.Conn) (loaded bool, tlsReadRecord func() error, tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage func() error) {
-		switch tlsConn := conn.(type) {
-		case *tls.UConn:
-			return true, func() error {
-					return utlsReadRecord(tlsConn.Conn)
-				}, func() error {
-					return utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage(tlsConn.Conn)
-				}
-		case *tls.Conn:
-			return true, func() error {
-					return utlsReadRecord(tlsConn)
-				}, func() error {
-					return utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage(tlsConn)
-				}
-		}
-		return
-	})
-}
-
-//go:linkname utlsReadRecord github.com/metacubex/utls.(*Conn).readRecord
-func utlsReadRecord(c *tls.Conn) error
-
-//go:linkname utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage github.com/metacubex/utls.(*Conn).handlePostHandshakeMessage
-func utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage(c *tls.Conn) error
--- a/common/badtls/registry.go
+++ b/common/badtls/registry.go
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+//go:build go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package badtls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"net"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+type Methods struct {
+	readRecord                 func(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+	handlePostHandshakeMessage func(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+	writeRecordLocked          func(c unsafe.Pointer, typ uint16, data []byte) (int, error)
+
+	setErrorLocked   func(hc unsafe.Pointer, err error) error
+	decrypt          func(hc unsafe.Pointer, record []byte) ([]byte, uint8, error)
+	setTrafficSecret func(hc unsafe.Pointer, suite unsafe.Pointer, level int, secret []byte)
+	explicitNonceLen func(hc unsafe.Pointer) int
+}
+
+var methodRegistry []func(conn net.Conn) (unsafe.Pointer, *Methods, bool)
+
+func init() {
+	methodRegistry = append(methodRegistry, func(conn net.Conn) (unsafe.Pointer, *Methods, bool) {
+		tlsConn, loaded := conn.(*tls.Conn)
+		if !loaded {
+			return nil, nil, false
+		}
+		return unsafe.Pointer(tlsConn), &Methods{
+			readRecord:                 stdTLSReadRecord,
+			handlePostHandshakeMessage: stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage,
+			writeRecordLocked:          stdWriteRecordLocked,
+
+			setErrorLocked:   stdSetErrorLocked,
+			decrypt:          stdDecrypt,
+			setTrafficSecret: stdSetTrafficSecret,
+			explicitNonceLen: stdExplicitNonceLen,
+		}, true
+	})
+}
+
+//go:linkname stdTLSReadRecord crypto/tls.(*Conn).readRecord
+func stdTLSReadRecord(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+
+//go:linkname stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage crypto/tls.(*Conn).handlePostHandshakeMessage
+func stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+
+//go:linkname stdWriteRecordLocked crypto/tls.(*Conn).writeRecordLocked
+func stdWriteRecordLocked(c unsafe.Pointer, typ uint16, data []byte) (int, error)
+
+//go:linkname stdSetErrorLocked crypto/tls.(*halfConn).setErrorLocked
+func stdSetErrorLocked(hc unsafe.Pointer, err error) error
+
+//go:linkname stdDecrypt crypto/tls.(*halfConn).decrypt
+func stdDecrypt(hc unsafe.Pointer, record []byte) ([]byte, uint8, error)
+
+//go:linkname stdSetTrafficSecret crypto/tls.(*halfConn).setTrafficSecret
+func stdSetTrafficSecret(hc unsafe.Pointer, suite unsafe.Pointer, level int, secret []byte)
+
+//go:linkname stdExplicitNonceLen crypto/tls.(*halfConn).explicitNonceLen
+func stdExplicitNonceLen(hc unsafe.Pointer) int
--- a/common/badtls/registry_utls.go
+++ b/common/badtls/registry_utls.go
@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//go:build go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package badtls
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+
+	"github.com/metacubex/utls"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	methodRegistry = append(methodRegistry, func(conn net.Conn) (unsafe.Pointer, *Methods, bool) {
+		var pointer unsafe.Pointer
+		if uConn, loaded := N.CastReader[*tls.Conn](conn); loaded {
+			pointer = unsafe.Pointer(uConn)
+		} else if uConn, loaded := N.CastReader[*tls.UConn](conn); loaded {
+			pointer = unsafe.Pointer(uConn.Conn)
+		} else {
+			return nil, nil, false
+		}
+		return pointer, &Methods{
+			readRecord:                 utlsReadRecord,
+			handlePostHandshakeMessage: utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage,
+			writeRecordLocked:          utlsWriteRecordLocked,
+
+			setErrorLocked:   utlsSetErrorLocked,
+			decrypt:          utlsDecrypt,
+			setTrafficSecret: utlsSetTrafficSecret,
+			explicitNonceLen: utlsExplicitNonceLen,
+		}, true
+	})
+}
+
+//go:linkname utlsReadRecord github.com/metacubex/utls.(*Conn).readRecord
+func utlsReadRecord(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+
+//go:linkname utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage github.com/metacubex/utls.(*Conn).handlePostHandshakeMessage
+func utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+
+//go:linkname utlsWriteRecordLocked github.com/metacubex/utls.(*Conn).writeRecordLocked
+func utlsWriteRecordLocked(hc unsafe.Pointer, typ uint16, data []byte) (int, error)
+
+//go:linkname utlsSetErrorLocked github.com/metacubex/utls.(*halfConn).setErrorLocked
+func utlsSetErrorLocked(hc unsafe.Pointer, err error) error
+
+//go:linkname utlsDecrypt github.com/metacubex/utls.(*halfConn).decrypt
+func utlsDecrypt(hc unsafe.Pointer, record []byte) ([]byte, uint8, error)
+
+//go:linkname utlsSetTrafficSecret github.com/metacubex/utls.(*halfConn).setTrafficSecret
+func utlsSetTrafficSecret(hc unsafe.Pointer, suite unsafe.Pointer, level int, secret []byte)
+
+//go:linkname utlsExplicitNonceLen github.com/metacubex/utls.(*halfConn).explicitNonceLen
+func utlsExplicitNonceLen(hc unsafe.Pointer) int
--- a/common/badversion/version.go
+++ b/common/badversion/version.go
@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"

 	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
+
+	"golang.org/x/mod/semver"
 )

 type Version struct {
@@ -16,7 +18,19 @@ type Version struct {
 	PreReleaseVersion    int
 }

-func (v Version) After(anotherVersion Version) bool {
+func (v Version) LessThan(anotherVersion Version) bool {
+	return !v.GreaterThanOrEqual(anotherVersion)
+}
+
+func (v Version) LessThanOrEqual(anotherVersion Version) bool {
+	return v == anotherVersion || anotherVersion.GreaterThan(v)
+}
+
+func (v Version) GreaterThanOrEqual(anotherVersion Version) bool {
+	return v == anotherVersion || v.GreaterThan(anotherVersion)
+}
+
+func (v Version) GreaterThan(anotherVersion Version) bool {
 	if v.Major > anotherVersion.Major {
 		return true
 	} else if v.Major < anotherVersion.Major {
@@ -44,19 +58,29 @@ func (v Version) After(anotherVersion Version) bool {
 			} else if v.PreReleaseVersion < anotherVersion.PreReleaseVersion {
 				return false
 			}
-		} else if v.PreReleaseIdentifier == "rc" && anotherVersion.PreReleaseIdentifier == "beta" {
+		}
+		preReleaseIdentifier := parsePreReleaseIdentifier(v.PreReleaseIdentifier)
+		anotherPreReleaseIdentifier := parsePreReleaseIdentifier(anotherVersion.PreReleaseIdentifier)
+		if preReleaseIdentifier < anotherPreReleaseIdentifier {
 			return true
-		} else if v.PreReleaseIdentifier == "beta" && anotherVersion.PreReleaseIdentifier == "rc" {
-			return false
-		} else if v.PreReleaseIdentifier == "beta" && anotherVersion.PreReleaseIdentifier == "alpha" {
-			return true
-		} else if v.PreReleaseIdentifier == "alpha" && anotherVersion.PreReleaseIdentifier == "beta" {
+		} else if preReleaseIdentifier > anotherPreReleaseIdentifier {
 			return false
 		}
 	}
 	return false
 }

+func parsePreReleaseIdentifier(identifier string) int {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(identifier, "rc") {
+		return 1
+	} else if strings.HasPrefix(identifier, "beta") {
+		return 2
+	} else if strings.HasPrefix(identifier, "alpha") {
+		return 3
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 func (v Version) VersionString() string {
 	return F.ToString(v.Major, ".", v.Minor, ".", v.Patch)
 }
@@ -83,6 +107,10 @@ func (v Version) BadString() string {
 	return version
 }

+func IsValid(versionName string) bool {
+	return semver.IsValid("v" + versionName)
+}
+
 func Parse(versionName string) (version Version) {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(versionName, "v") {
 		versionName = versionName[1:]
--- a/common/badversion/version_test.go
+++ b/common/badversion/version_test.go
@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ func TestCompareVersion(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	require.Equal(t, "1.3.0-beta.1", Parse("v1.3.0-beta1").String())
 	require.Equal(t, "1.3-beta1", Parse("v1.3.0-beta.1").BadString())
-	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0").After(Parse("1.3-beta1")))
-	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0").After(Parse("1.3.0-beta1")))
-	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0-beta1").After(Parse("1.3.0-alpha1")))
-	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.1").After(Parse("1.3.0")))
-	require.True(t, Parse("1.4").After(Parse("1.3")))
+	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0").GreaterThan(Parse("1.3-beta1")))
+	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0").GreaterThan(Parse("1.3.0-beta1")))
+	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0-beta1").GreaterThan(Parse("1.3.0-alpha1")))
+	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.1").GreaterThan(Parse("1.3.0")))
+	require.True(t, Parse("1.4").GreaterThan(Parse("1.3")))
 }
--- a/common/dialer/default.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default.go
@@ -20,6 +20,8 @@ import (
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
+
+	"github.com/database64128/tfo-go/v2"
 )

 var (
@@ -28,8 +30,8 @@ var (
 )

 type DefaultDialer struct {
-	dialer4                tcpDialer
-	dialer6                tcpDialer
+	dialer4                tfo.Dialer
+	dialer6                tfo.Dialer
 	udpDialer4             net.Dialer
 	udpDialer6             net.Dialer
 	udpListener            net.ListenConfig
@@ -177,19 +179,10 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 		udpAddr6 = M.SocksaddrFrom(bindAddr, 0).String()
 	}
 	if options.TCPMultiPath {
-		if !go121Available {
-			return nil, E.New("MultiPath TCP requires go1.21, please recompile your binary.")
-		}
-		setMultiPathTCP(&dialer4)
-	}
-	tcpDialer4, err := newTCPDialer(dialer4, options.TCPFastOpen)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	tcpDialer6, err := newTCPDialer(dialer6, options.TCPFastOpen)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		dialer4.SetMultipathTCP(true)
 	}
+	tcpDialer4 := tfo.Dialer{Dialer: dialer4, DisableTFO: !options.TCPFastOpen}
+	tcpDialer6 := tfo.Dialer{Dialer: dialer6, DisableTFO: !options.TCPFastOpen}
 	return &DefaultDialer{
 		dialer4:                tcpDialer4,
 		dialer6:                tcpDialer6,
@@ -269,7 +262,7 @@ func (d *DefaultDialer) DialParallelInterface(ctx context.Context, network strin
 	}
 	var dialer net.Dialer
 	if N.NetworkName(network) == N.NetworkTCP {
-		dialer = dialerFromTCPDialer(d.dialer4)
+		dialer = d.dialer4.Dialer
 	} else {
 		dialer = d.udpDialer4
 	}
@@ -315,6 +308,14 @@ func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksadd
 	}
 }

+func (d *DefaultDialer) DialerForICMPDestination(destination netip.Addr) net.Dialer {
+	if !destination.Is6() {
+		return d.dialer6.Dialer
+	} else {
+		return d.dialer4.Dialer
+	}
+}
+
 func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenSerialInterfacePacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, error) {
 	if strategy == nil {
 		strategy = d.networkStrategy
@@ -348,18 +349,8 @@ func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenSerialInterfacePacket(ctx context.Context, destina
 	return trackPacketConn(packetConn, nil)
 }

-func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenPacketCompat(network, address string) (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	udpListener := d.udpListener
-	udpListener.Control = control.Append(udpListener.Control, func(network, address string, conn syscall.RawConn) error {
-		for _, wgControlFn := range WgControlFns {
-			err := wgControlFn(network, address, conn)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-		return nil
-	})
-	return udpListener.ListenPacket(context.Background(), network, address)
+func (d *DefaultDialer) WireGuardControl() control.Func {
+	return d.udpListener.Control
 }

 func trackConn(conn net.Conn, err error) (net.Conn, error) {
--- a/common/dialer/default_go1.20.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default_go1.20.go
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-//go:build go1.20
-
-package dialer
-
-import (
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/metacubex/tfo-go"
-)
-
-type tcpDialer = tfo.Dialer
-
-func newTCPDialer(dialer net.Dialer, tfoEnabled bool) (tcpDialer, error) {
-	return tfo.Dialer{Dialer: dialer, DisableTFO: !tfoEnabled}, nil
-}
-
-func dialerFromTCPDialer(dialer tcpDialer) net.Dialer {
-	return dialer.Dialer
-}
--- a/common/dialer/default_go1.21.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default_go1.21.go
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-//go:build go1.21
-
-package dialer
-
-import "net"
-
-const go121Available = true
-
-func setMultiPathTCP(dialer *net.Dialer) {
-	dialer.SetMultipathTCP(true)
-}
--- a/common/dialer/default_nongo1.20.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default_nongo1.20.go
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !go1.20
-
-package dialer
-
-import (
-	"net"
-
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-)
-
-type tcpDialer = net.Dialer
-
-func newTCPDialer(dialer net.Dialer, tfoEnabled bool) (tcpDialer, error) {
-	if tfoEnabled {
-		return dialer, E.New("TCP Fast Open requires go1.20, please recompile your binary.")
-	}
-	return dialer, nil
-}
-
-func dialerFromTCPDialer(dialer tcpDialer) net.Dialer {
-	return dialer
-}
--- a/common/dialer/default_nongo1.21.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default_nongo1.21.go
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !go1.21
-
-package dialer
-
-import (
-	"net"
-)
-
-const go121Available = false
-
-func setMultiPathTCP(dialer *net.Dialer) {
-}
--- a/common/dialer/tfo.go
+++ b/common/dialer/tfo.go
@@ -1,5 +1,3 @@
-//go:build go1.20
-
 package dialer

 import (
@@ -16,7 +14,7 @@ import (
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"

-	"github.com/metacubex/tfo-go"
+	"github.com/database64128/tfo-go/v2"
 )

 type slowOpenConn struct {
@@ -32,7 +30,7 @@ type slowOpenConn struct {
 	err         error
 }

-func DialSlowContext(dialer *tcpDialer, ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {
+func DialSlowContext(dialer *tfo.Dialer, ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {
 	if dialer.DisableTFO || N.NetworkName(network) != N.NetworkTCP {
 		switch N.NetworkName(network) {
 		case N.NetworkTCP, N.NetworkUDP:
--- a/common/dialer/tfo_stub.go
+++ b/common/dialer/tfo_stub.go
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !go1.20
-
-package dialer
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
-
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-func DialSlowContext(dialer *tcpDialer, ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {
-	switch N.NetworkName(network) {
-	case N.NetworkTCP, N.NetworkUDP:
-		return dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, destination.String())
-	default:
-		return dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, destination.AddrString())
-	}
-}
--- a/common/dialer/wireguard.go
+++ b/common/dialer/wireguard.go
@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
 package dialer

 import (
-	"net"
-
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
 )

 type WireGuardListener interface {
-	ListenPacketCompat(network, address string) (net.PacketConn, error)
+	WireGuardControl() control.Func
 }
-
-var WgControlFns []control.Func
--- a/common/ktls/ktls.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls.go
@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/badtls"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+type Conn struct {
+	aTLS.Conn
+	ctx             context.Context
+	logger          logger.ContextLogger
+	conn            net.Conn
+	rawConn         *badtls.RawConn
+	syscallConn     syscall.Conn
+	rawSyscallConn  syscall.RawConn
+	readWaitOptions N.ReadWaitOptions
+	kernelTx        bool
+	kernelRx        bool
+	pendingRxSplice bool
+}
+
+func NewConn(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, conn aTLS.Conn, txOffload, rxOffload bool) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
+	err := Load()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	syscallConn, isSyscallConn := N.CastReader[interface {
+		io.Reader
+		syscall.Conn
+	}](conn.NetConn())
+	if !isSyscallConn {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	rawSyscallConn, err := syscallConn.SyscallConn()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	rawConn, err := badtls.NewRawConn(conn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if *rawConn.Vers != tls.VersionTLS13 {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	for rawConn.RawInput.Len() > 0 {
+		err = rawConn.ReadRecord()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		for rawConn.Hand.Len() > 0 {
+			err = rawConn.HandlePostHandshakeMessage()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, E.Cause(err, "handle post-handshake messages")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	kConn := &Conn{
+		Conn:           conn,
+		ctx:            ctx,
+		logger:         logger,
+		conn:           conn.NetConn(),
+		rawConn:        rawConn,
+		syscallConn:    syscallConn,
+		rawSyscallConn: rawSyscallConn,
+	}
+	err = kConn.setupKernel(txOffload, rxOffload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return kConn, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) Upstream() any {
+	return c.Conn
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) SyscallConnForRead() syscall.RawConn {
+	if !c.kernelRx {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !*c.rawConn.IsClient {
+		c.logger.WarnContext(c.ctx, "ktls: RX splice is unavailable on the server size, since it will cause an unknown failure")
+		return nil
+	}
+	c.logger.DebugContext(c.ctx, "ktls: RX splice requested")
+	return c.rawSyscallConn
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) HandleSyscallReadError(inputErr error) ([]byte, error) {
+	if errors.Is(inputErr, unix.EINVAL) {
+		c.pendingRxSplice = true
+		err := c.readRecord()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "ktls: handle non-application-data record")
+		}
+		var input bytes.Buffer
+		if c.rawConn.Input.Len() > 0 {
+			_, err = c.rawConn.Input.WriteTo(&input)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		return input.Bytes(), nil
+	} else if errors.Is(inputErr, unix.EBADMSG) {
+		return nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertBadRecordMAC))
+	} else {
+		return nil, E.Cause(inputErr, "ktls: unexpected errno")
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) SyscallConnForWrite() syscall.RawConn {
+	if !c.kernelTx {
+		return nil
+	}
+	c.logger.DebugContext(c.ctx, "ktls: TX splice requested")
+	return c.rawSyscallConn
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_alert.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_alert.go
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"net"
+)
+
+const (
+	// alert level
+	alertLevelWarning = 1
+	alertLevelError   = 2
+)
+
+const (
+	alertCloseNotify                  = 0
+	alertUnexpectedMessage            = 10
+	alertBadRecordMAC                 = 20
+	alertDecryptionFailed             = 21
+	alertRecordOverflow               = 22
+	alertDecompressionFailure         = 30
+	alertHandshakeFailure             = 40
+	alertBadCertificate               = 42
+	alertUnsupportedCertificate       = 43
+	alertCertificateRevoked           = 44
+	alertCertificateExpired           = 45
+	alertCertificateUnknown           = 46
+	alertIllegalParameter             = 47
+	alertUnknownCA                    = 48
+	alertAccessDenied                 = 49
+	alertDecodeError                  = 50
+	alertDecryptError                 = 51
+	alertExportRestriction            = 60
+	alertProtocolVersion              = 70
+	alertInsufficientSecurity         = 71
+	alertInternalError                = 80
+	alertInappropriateFallback        = 86
+	alertUserCanceled                 = 90
+	alertNoRenegotiation              = 100
+	alertMissingExtension             = 109
+	alertUnsupportedExtension         = 110
+	alertCertificateUnobtainable      = 111
+	alertUnrecognizedName             = 112
+	alertBadCertificateStatusResponse = 113
+	alertBadCertificateHashValue      = 114
+	alertUnknownPSKIdentity           = 115
+	alertCertificateRequired          = 116
+	alertNoApplicationProtocol        = 120
+	alertECHRequired                  = 121
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) sendAlertLocked(err uint8) error {
+	switch err {
+	case alertNoRenegotiation, alertCloseNotify:
+		c.rawConn.Tmp[0] = alertLevelWarning
+	default:
+		c.rawConn.Tmp[0] = alertLevelError
+	}
+	c.rawConn.Tmp[1] = byte(err)
+
+	_, writeErr := c.writeRecordLocked(recordTypeAlert, c.rawConn.Tmp[0:2])
+	if err == alertCloseNotify {
+		// closeNotify is a special case in that it isn't an error.
+		return writeErr
+	}
+
+	return c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(&net.OpError{Op: "local error", Err: tls.AlertError(err)})
+}
+
+// sendAlert sends a TLS alert message.
+func (c *Conn) sendAlert(err uint8) error {
+	c.rawConn.Out.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.Out.Unlock()
+	return c.sendAlertLocked(err)
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_cipher_suites_linux.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_cipher_suites_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/badtls"
+)
+
+type kernelCryptoCipherType uint16
+
+const (
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128              kernelCryptoCipherType = 51
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256              kernelCryptoCipherType = 52
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 32
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128              kernelCryptoCipherType = 53
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305              kernelCryptoCipherType = 54
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 12
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 32
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 0
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM              kernelCryptoCipherType = 55
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM              kernelCryptoCipherType = 56
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128              kernelCryptoCipherType = 57
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256              kernelCryptoCipherType = 58
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 32
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+)
+
+type kernelCrypto interface {
+	String() string
+}
+
+type kernelCryptoInfo struct {
+	version     uint16
+	cipher_type kernelCryptoCipherType
+}
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoAES128GCM{}
+
+type kernelCryptoAES128GCM struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoAES128GCM) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoAES256GCM{}
+
+type kernelCryptoAES256GCM struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoAES256GCM) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoAES128CCM{}
+
+type kernelCryptoAES128CCM struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoAES128CCM) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoChacha20Poly1035{}
+
+type kernelCryptoChacha20Poly1035 struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoChacha20Poly1035) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+// var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoSM4GCM{}
+
+// type kernelCryptoSM4GCM struct {
+// 	kernelCryptoInfo
+// 	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_IV_SIZE]byte
+// 	key     [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_KEY_SIZE]byte
+// 	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_SALT_SIZE]byte
+// 	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+// }
+
+// func (crypto *kernelCryptoSM4GCM) String() string {
+// 	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM
+// 	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+// }
+
+// var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoSM4CCM{}
+
+// type kernelCryptoSM4CCM struct {
+// 	kernelCryptoInfo
+// 	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_IV_SIZE]byte
+// 	key     [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_KEY_SIZE]byte
+// 	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_SALT_SIZE]byte
+// 	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+// }
+
+// func (crypto *kernelCryptoSM4CCM) String() string {
+// 	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM
+// 	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+// }
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoARIA128GCM{}
+
+type kernelCryptoARIA128GCM struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoARIA128GCM) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoARIA256GCM{}
+
+type kernelCryptoARIA256GCM struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoARIA256GCM) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+func kernelCipher(kernel *Support, hc *badtls.RawHalfConn, cipherSuite uint16, isRX bool) kernelCrypto {
+	if !kernel.TLS {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	switch *hc.Version {
+	case tls.VersionTLS12:
+		if isRX && !kernel.TLS_Version13_RX {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+	case tls.VersionTLS13:
+		if !kernel.TLS_Version13 {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		if isRX && !kernel.TLS_Version13_RX {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var key, iv []byte
+	if *hc.Version == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+		key, iv = trafficKey(cipherSuiteTLS13ByID(cipherSuite), *hc.TrafficSecret)
+		/*if isRX {
+			key, iv = trafficKey(cipherSuiteTLS13ByID(cipherSuite), keyLog.RemoteTrafficSecret)
+		} else {
+			key, iv = trafficKey(cipherSuiteTLS13ByID(cipherSuite), keyLog.TrafficSecret)
+		}*/
+	} else {
+		// csPtr := cipherSuiteByID(cipherSuite)
+		// keysFromMasterSecret(*hc.Version, csPtr, keyLog.Secret, keyLog.Random)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	switch cipherSuite {
+	case tls.TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:
+		crypto := new(kernelCryptoAES128GCM)
+
+		crypto.version = *hc.Version
+		copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+		copy(crypto.iv[:], iv[4:])
+		copy(crypto.salt[:], iv[:4])
+		crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+
+		return crypto
+	case tls.TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, tls.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:
+		if !kernel.TLS_AES_256_GCM {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		crypto := new(kernelCryptoAES256GCM)
+
+		crypto.version = *hc.Version
+		copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+		copy(crypto.iv[:], iv[4:])
+		copy(crypto.salt[:], iv[:4])
+		crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+
+		return crypto
+	//case tls.TLS_AES_128_CCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM_SHA256:
+	//	if !kernel.TLS_AES_128_CCM {
+	//		return nil
+	//	}
+	//
+	//	crypto := new(kernelCryptoAES128CCM)
+	//
+	//	crypto.version = *hc.Version
+	//	copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+	//	copy(crypto.iv[:], iv[4:])
+	//	copy(crypto.salt[:], iv[:4])
+	//	crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+	//
+	//	return crypto
+	case tls.TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256:
+		if !kernel.TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305 {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		crypto := new(kernelCryptoChacha20Poly1035)
+
+		crypto.version = *hc.Version
+		copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+		copy(crypto.iv[:], iv)
+		crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+
+		return crypto
+	//case tls.TLS_RSA_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256:
+	//	if !kernel.TLS_ARIA_GCM {
+	//		return nil
+	//	}
+	//
+	//	crypto := new(kernelCryptoARIA128GCM)
+	//
+	//	crypto.version = *hc.Version
+	//	copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+	//	copy(crypto.iv[:], iv[4:])
+	//	copy(crypto.salt[:], iv[:4])
+	//	crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+	//
+	//	return crypto
+	//case tls.TLS_RSA_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384, tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384:
+	//	if !kernel.TLS_ARIA_GCM {
+	//		return nil
+	//	}
+	//
+	//	crypto := new(kernelCryptoARIA256GCM)
+	//
+	//	crypto.version = *hc.Version
+	//	copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+	//	copy(crypto.iv[:], iv[4:])
+	//	copy(crypto.salt[:], iv[:4])
+	//	crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+	//
+	//	return crypto
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_close.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_close.go
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) Close() error {
+	if !c.kernelTx {
+		return c.Conn.Close()
+	}
+
+	// Interlock with Conn.Write above.
+	var x int32
+	for {
+		x = c.rawConn.ActiveCall.Load()
+		if x&1 != 0 {
+			return net.ErrClosed
+		}
+		if c.rawConn.ActiveCall.CompareAndSwap(x, x|1) {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if x != 0 {
+		// io.Writer and io.Closer should not be used concurrently.
+		// If Close is called while a Write is currently in-flight,
+		// interpret that as a sign that this Close is really just
+		// being used to break the Write and/or clean up resources and
+		// avoid sending the alertCloseNotify, which may block
+		// waiting on handshakeMutex or the c.out mutex.
+		return c.conn.Close()
+	}
+
+	var alertErr error
+	if c.rawConn.IsHandshakeComplete.Load() {
+		if err := c.closeNotify(); err != nil {
+			alertErr = fmt.Errorf("tls: failed to send closeNotify alert (but connection was closed anyway): %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := c.conn.Close(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return alertErr
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) closeNotify() error {
+	c.rawConn.Out.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.Out.Unlock()
+
+	if !*c.rawConn.CloseNotifySent {
+		// Set a Write Deadline to prevent possibly blocking forever.
+		c.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Second * 5))
+		*c.rawConn.CloseNotifyErr = c.sendAlertLocked(alertCloseNotify)
+		*c.rawConn.CloseNotifySent = true
+		// Any subsequent writes will fail.
+		c.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now())
+	}
+	return *c.rawConn.CloseNotifyErr
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_const.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_const.go
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+const (
+	maxPlaintext               = 16384        // maximum plaintext payload length
+	maxCiphertext              = 16384 + 2048 // maximum ciphertext payload length
+	maxCiphertextTLS13         = 16384 + 256  // maximum ciphertext length in TLS 1.3
+	recordHeaderLen            = 5            // record header length
+	maxHandshake               = 65536        // maximum handshake we support (protocol max is 16 MB)
+	maxHandshakeCertificateMsg = 262144       // maximum certificate message size (256 KiB)
+	maxUselessRecords          = 16           // maximum number of consecutive non-advancing records
+)
+
+const (
+	recordTypeChangeCipherSpec = 20
+	recordTypeAlert            = 21
+	recordTypeHandshake        = 22
+	recordTypeApplicationData  = 23
+)
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_handshake_messages.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_handshake_messages.go
@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/cryptobyte"
+)
+
+// The marshalingFunction type is an adapter to allow the use of ordinary
+// functions as cryptobyte.MarshalingValue.
+type marshalingFunction func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) error
+
+func (f marshalingFunction) Marshal(b *cryptobyte.Builder) error {
+	return f(b)
+}
+
+// addBytesWithLength appends a sequence of bytes to the cryptobyte.Builder. If
+// the length of the sequence is not the value specified, it produces an error.
+func addBytesWithLength(b *cryptobyte.Builder, v []byte, n int) {
+	b.AddValue(marshalingFunction(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) error {
+		if len(v) != n {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid value length: expected %d, got %d", n, len(v))
+		}
+		b.AddBytes(v)
+		return nil
+	}))
+}
+
+// addUint64 appends a big-endian, 64-bit value to the cryptobyte.Builder.
+func addUint64(b *cryptobyte.Builder, v uint64) {
+	b.AddUint32(uint32(v >> 32))
+	b.AddUint32(uint32(v))
+}
+
+// readUint64 decodes a big-endian, 64-bit value into out and advances over it.
+// It reports whether the read was successful.
+func readUint64(s *cryptobyte.String, out *uint64) bool {
+	var hi, lo uint32
+	if !s.ReadUint32(&hi) || !s.ReadUint32(&lo) {
+		return false
+	}
+	*out = uint64(hi)<<32 | uint64(lo)
+	return true
+}
+
+// readUint8LengthPrefixed acts like s.ReadUint8LengthPrefixed, but targets a
+// []byte instead of a cryptobyte.String.
+func readUint8LengthPrefixed(s *cryptobyte.String, out *[]byte) bool {
+	return s.ReadUint8LengthPrefixed((*cryptobyte.String)(out))
+}
+
+// readUint16LengthPrefixed acts like s.ReadUint16LengthPrefixed, but targets a
+// []byte instead of a cryptobyte.String.
+func readUint16LengthPrefixed(s *cryptobyte.String, out *[]byte) bool {
+	return s.ReadUint16LengthPrefixed((*cryptobyte.String)(out))
+}
+
+// readUint24LengthPrefixed acts like s.ReadUint24LengthPrefixed, but targets a
+// []byte instead of a cryptobyte.String.
+func readUint24LengthPrefixed(s *cryptobyte.String, out *[]byte) bool {
+	return s.ReadUint24LengthPrefixed((*cryptobyte.String)(out))
+}
+
+type keyUpdateMsg struct {
+	updateRequested bool
+}
+
+func (m *keyUpdateMsg) marshal() ([]byte, error) {
+	var b cryptobyte.Builder
+	b.AddUint8(typeKeyUpdate)
+	b.AddUint24LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+		if m.updateRequested {
+			b.AddUint8(1)
+		} else {
+			b.AddUint8(0)
+		}
+	})
+
+	return b.Bytes()
+}
+
+func (m *keyUpdateMsg) unmarshal(data []byte) bool {
+	s := cryptobyte.String(data)
+
+	var updateRequested uint8
+	if !s.Skip(4) || // message type and uint24 length field
+		!s.ReadUint8(&updateRequested) || !s.Empty() {
+		return false
+	}
+	switch updateRequested {
+	case 0:
+		m.updateRequested = false
+	case 1:
+		m.updateRequested = true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// TLS handshake message types.
+const (
+	typeHelloRequest          uint8 = 0
+	typeClientHello           uint8 = 1
+	typeServerHello           uint8 = 2
+	typeNewSessionTicket      uint8 = 4
+	typeEndOfEarlyData        uint8 = 5
+	typeEncryptedExtensions   uint8 = 8
+	typeCertificate           uint8 = 11
+	typeServerKeyExchange     uint8 = 12
+	typeCertificateRequest    uint8 = 13
+	typeServerHelloDone       uint8 = 14
+	typeCertificateVerify     uint8 = 15
+	typeClientKeyExchange     uint8 = 16
+	typeFinished              uint8 = 20
+	typeCertificateStatus     uint8 = 22
+	typeKeyUpdate             uint8 = 24
+	typeCompressedCertificate uint8 = 25
+	typeMessageHash           uint8 = 254 // synthetic message
+)
+
+// TLS compression types.
+const (
+	compressionNone uint8 = 0
+)
+
+// TLS extension numbers
+const (
+	extensionServerName              uint16 = 0
+	extensionStatusRequest           uint16 = 5
+	extensionSupportedCurves         uint16 = 10 // supported_groups in TLS 1.3, see RFC 8446, Section 4.2.7
+	extensionSupportedPoints         uint16 = 11
+	extensionSignatureAlgorithms     uint16 = 13
+	extensionALPN                    uint16 = 16
+	extensionSCT                     uint16 = 18
+	extensionPadding                 uint16 = 21
+	extensionExtendedMasterSecret    uint16 = 23
+	extensionCompressCertificate     uint16 = 27 // compress_certificate in TLS 1.3
+	extensionSessionTicket           uint16 = 35
+	extensionPreSharedKey            uint16 = 41
+	extensionEarlyData               uint16 = 42
+	extensionSupportedVersions       uint16 = 43
+	extensionCookie                  uint16 = 44
+	extensionPSKModes                uint16 = 45
+	extensionCertificateAuthorities  uint16 = 47
+	extensionSignatureAlgorithmsCert uint16 = 50
+	extensionKeyShare                uint16 = 51
+	extensionQUICTransportParameters uint16 = 57
+	extensionALPS                    uint16 = 17513
+	extensionRenegotiationInfo       uint16 = 0xff01
+	extensionECHOuterExtensions      uint16 = 0xfd00
+	extensionEncryptedClientHello    uint16 = 0xfe0d
+)
+
+type handshakeMessage interface {
+	marshal() ([]byte, error)
+	unmarshal([]byte) bool
+}
+type newSessionTicketMsgTLS13 struct {
+	lifetime     uint32
+	ageAdd       uint32
+	nonce        []byte
+	label        []byte
+	maxEarlyData uint32
+}
+
+func (m *newSessionTicketMsgTLS13) marshal() ([]byte, error) {
+	var b cryptobyte.Builder
+	b.AddUint8(typeNewSessionTicket)
+	b.AddUint24LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+		b.AddUint32(m.lifetime)
+		b.AddUint32(m.ageAdd)
+		b.AddUint8LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+			b.AddBytes(m.nonce)
+		})
+		b.AddUint16LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+			b.AddBytes(m.label)
+		})
+
+		b.AddUint16LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+			if m.maxEarlyData > 0 {
+				b.AddUint16(extensionEarlyData)
+				b.AddUint16LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+					b.AddUint32(m.maxEarlyData)
+				})
+			}
+		})
+	})
+
+	return b.Bytes()
+}
+
+func (m *newSessionTicketMsgTLS13) unmarshal(data []byte) bool {
+	*m = newSessionTicketMsgTLS13{}
+	s := cryptobyte.String(data)
+
+	var extensions cryptobyte.String
+	if !s.Skip(4) || // message type and uint24 length field
+		!s.ReadUint32(&m.lifetime) ||
+		!s.ReadUint32(&m.ageAdd) ||
+		!readUint8LengthPrefixed(&s, &m.nonce) ||
+		!readUint16LengthPrefixed(&s, &m.label) ||
+		!s.ReadUint16LengthPrefixed(&extensions) ||
+		!s.Empty() {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for !extensions.Empty() {
+		var extension uint16
+		var extData cryptobyte.String
+		if !extensions.ReadUint16(&extension) ||
+			!extensions.ReadUint16LengthPrefixed(&extData) {
+			return false
+		}
+
+		switch extension {
+		case extensionEarlyData:
+			if !extData.ReadUint32(&m.maxEarlyData) {
+				return false
+			}
+		default:
+			// Ignore unknown extensions.
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if !extData.Empty() {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_key_update.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_key_update.go
@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+)
+
+// handlePostHandshakeMessage processes a handshake message arrived after the
+// handshake is complete. Up to TLS 1.2, it indicates the start of a renegotiation.
+func (c *Conn) handlePostHandshakeMessage() error {
+	if *c.rawConn.Vers != tls.VersionTLS13 {
+		return errors.New("ktls: kernel does not support TLS 1.2 renegotiation")
+	}
+
+	msg, err := c.readHandshake(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	//c.retryCount++
+	//if c.retryCount > maxUselessRecords {
+	//	c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage)
+	//	return c.in.setErrorLocked(errors.New("tls: too many non-advancing records"))
+	//}
+
+	switch msg := msg.(type) {
+	case *newSessionTicketMsgTLS13:
+		// return errors.New("ktls: received new session ticket")
+		return nil
+	case *keyUpdateMsg:
+		return c.handleKeyUpdate(msg)
+	}
+	// The QUIC layer is supposed to treat an unexpected post-handshake CertificateRequest
+	// as a QUIC-level PROTOCOL_VIOLATION error (RFC 9001, Section 4.4). Returning an
+	// unexpected_message alert here doesn't provide it with enough information to distinguish
+	// this condition from other unexpected messages. This is probably fine.
+	c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage)
+	return fmt.Errorf("tls: received unexpected handshake message of type %T", msg)
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) handleKeyUpdate(keyUpdate *keyUpdateMsg) error {
+	//if c.quic != nil {
+	//	c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage)
+	//	return c.in.setErrorLocked(errors.New("tls: received unexpected key update message"))
+	//}
+
+	cipherSuite := cipherSuiteTLS13ByID(*c.rawConn.CipherSuite)
+	if cipherSuite == nil {
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertInternalError))
+	}
+
+	newSecret := nextTrafficSecret(cipherSuite, *c.rawConn.In.TrafficSecret)
+	c.rawConn.In.SetTrafficSecret(cipherSuite, 0 /*tls.QUICEncryptionLevelInitial*/, newSecret)
+
+	err := c.resetupRX()
+	if err != nil {
+		c.sendAlert(alertInternalError)
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(fmt.Errorf("ktls: resetupRX failed: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	if keyUpdate.updateRequested {
+		c.rawConn.Out.Lock()
+		defer c.rawConn.Out.Unlock()
+
+		resetup, err := c.resetupTX()
+		if err != nil {
+			c.sendAlertLocked(alertInternalError)
+			return c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(fmt.Errorf("ktls: resetupTX failed: %w", err))
+		}
+
+		msg := &keyUpdateMsg{}
+		msgBytes, err := msg.marshal()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = c.writeRecordLocked(recordTypeHandshake, msgBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			// Surface the error at the next write.
+			c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(err)
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		newSecret := nextTrafficSecret(cipherSuite, *c.rawConn.Out.TrafficSecret)
+		c.rawConn.Out.SetTrafficSecret(cipherSuite, 0 /*QUICEncryptionLevelInitial*/, newSecret)
+
+		err = resetup()
+		if err != nil {
+			return c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(fmt.Errorf("ktls: resetupTX failed: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) readHandshakeBytes(n int) error {
+	//if c.quic != nil {
+	//	return c.quicReadHandshakeBytes(n)
+	//}
+	for c.rawConn.Hand.Len() < n {
+		if err := c.readRecord(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) readHandshake(transcript io.Writer) (any, error) {
+	if err := c.readHandshakeBytes(4); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	data := c.rawConn.Hand.Bytes()
+
+	maxHandshakeSize := maxHandshake
+	// hasVers indicates we're past the first message, forcing someone trying to
+	// make us just allocate a large buffer to at least do the initial part of
+	// the handshake first.
+	//if c.haveVers && data[0] == typeCertificate {
+	// Since certificate messages are likely to be the only messages that
+	// can be larger than maxHandshake, we use a special limit for just
+	// those messages.
+	//maxHandshakeSize = maxHandshakeCertificateMsg
+	//}
+
+	n := int(data[1])<<16 | int(data[2])<<8 | int(data[3])
+	if n > maxHandshakeSize {
+		c.sendAlertLocked(alertInternalError)
+		return nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(fmt.Errorf("tls: handshake message of length %d bytes exceeds maximum of %d bytes", n, maxHandshakeSize))
+	}
+	if err := c.readHandshakeBytes(4 + n); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	data = c.rawConn.Hand.Next(4 + n)
+	return c.unmarshalHandshakeMessage(data, transcript)
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) unmarshalHandshakeMessage(data []byte, transcript io.Writer) (any, error) {
+	var m handshakeMessage
+	switch data[0] {
+	case typeNewSessionTicket:
+		if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+			m = new(newSessionTicketMsgTLS13)
+		} else {
+			return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+		}
+	case typeKeyUpdate:
+		m = new(keyUpdateMsg)
+	default:
+		return nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+	}
+
+	// The handshake message unmarshalers
+	// expect to be able to keep references to data,
+	// so pass in a fresh copy that won't be overwritten.
+	data = append([]byte(nil), data...)
+
+	if !m.unmarshal(data) {
+		return nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertDecodeError))
+	}
+
+	if transcript != nil {
+		transcript.Write(data)
+	}
+
+	return m, nil
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_linux.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/badversion"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/shell"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+// mod from https://gitlab.com/go-extension/tls
+
+const (
+	TLS_TX               = 1
+	TLS_RX               = 2
+	TLS_TX_ZEROCOPY_RO   = 3 // TX zerocopy (only sendfile now)
+	TLS_RX_EXPECT_NO_PAD = 4 // Attempt opportunistic zero-copy, TLS 1.3 only
+
+	TLS_SET_RECORD_TYPE = 1
+	TLS_GET_RECORD_TYPE = 2
+)
+
+type Support struct {
+	TLS, TLS_RX                     bool
+	TLS_Version13, TLS_Version13_RX bool
+
+	TLS_TX_ZEROCOPY  bool
+	TLS_RX_NOPADDING bool
+
+	TLS_AES_256_GCM       bool
+	TLS_AES_128_CCM       bool
+	TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305 bool
+	TLS_SM4               bool
+	TLS_ARIA_GCM          bool
+
+	TLS_Version13_KeyUpdate bool
+}
+
+var KernelSupport = sync.OnceValues(func() (*Support, error) {
+	var uname unix.Utsname
+	err := unix.Uname(&uname)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	kernelVersion := badversion.Parse(strings.Trim(string(uname.Release[:]), "\x00"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var support Support
+	switch {
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 6, Minor: 14}):
+		support.TLS_Version13_KeyUpdate = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 6, Minor: 1}):
+		support.TLS_ARIA_GCM = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 6}):
+		support.TLS_Version13_RX = true
+		support.TLS_RX_NOPADDING = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 5, Minor: 19}):
+		support.TLS_TX_ZEROCOPY = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 5, Minor: 16}):
+		support.TLS_SM4 = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 5, Minor: 11}):
+		support.TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305 = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 5, Minor: 2}):
+		support.TLS_AES_128_CCM = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 5, Minor: 1}):
+		support.TLS_AES_256_GCM = true
+		support.TLS_Version13 = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 4, Minor: 17}):
+		support.TLS_RX = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 4, Minor: 13}):
+		support.TLS = true
+	}
+
+	if support.TLS && support.TLS_Version13 {
+		_, err := os.Stat("/sys/module/tls")
+		if err != nil {
+			if os.Getuid() == 0 {
+				output, err := shell.Exec("modprobe", "tls").Read()
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, E.Extend(E.Cause(err, "modprobe tls"), output)
+				}
+			} else {
+				return nil, E.New("ktls: kernel TLS module not loaded")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &support, nil
+})
+
+func Load() error {
+	support, err := KernelSupport()
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "ktls: check availability")
+	}
+	if !support.TLS || !support.TLS_Version13 {
+		return E.New("ktls: kernel does not support TLS 1.3")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) setupKernel(txOffload, rxOffload bool) error {
+	if !txOffload && !rxOffload {
+		return os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	support, err := KernelSupport()
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "check availability")
+	}
+	if !support.TLS || !support.TLS_Version13 {
+		return E.New("kernel does not support TLS 1.3")
+	}
+	c.rawConn.Out.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.Out.Unlock()
+	err = control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+		return syscall.SetsockoptString(int(fd), unix.SOL_TCP, unix.TCP_ULP, "tls")
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return os.NewSyscallError("setsockopt", err)
+	}
+
+	if txOffload {
+		txCrypto := kernelCipher(support, c.rawConn.Out, *c.rawConn.CipherSuite, false)
+		if txCrypto == nil {
+			return E.New("unsupported cipher suite")
+		}
+		err = control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+			return syscall.SetsockoptString(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, txCrypto.String())
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if support.TLS_TX_ZEROCOPY {
+			err = control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+				return syscall.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_TX_ZEROCOPY_RO, 1)
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		c.kernelTx = true
+		c.logger.DebugContext(c.ctx, "ktls: kernel TLS TX enabled")
+	}
+
+	if rxOffload {
+		rxCrypto := kernelCipher(support, c.rawConn.In, *c.rawConn.CipherSuite, true)
+		if rxCrypto == nil {
+			return E.New("unsupported cipher suite")
+		}
+		err = control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+			return syscall.SetsockoptString(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, rxCrypto.String())
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if *c.rawConn.Vers >= tls.VersionTLS13 && support.TLS_RX_NOPADDING {
+			err = control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+				return syscall.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_RX_EXPECT_NO_PAD, 1)
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		c.kernelRx = true
+		c.logger.DebugContext(c.ctx, "ktls: kernel TLS RX enabled")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) resetupTX() (func() error, error) {
+	if !c.kernelTx {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	support, err := KernelSupport()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if !support.TLS_Version13_KeyUpdate {
+		return nil, errors.New("ktls: kernel does not support rekey")
+	}
+	txCrypto := kernelCipher(support, c.rawConn.Out, *c.rawConn.CipherSuite, false)
+	if txCrypto == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("ktls: set kernelCipher on unsupported tls session")
+	}
+	return func() error {
+		return control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+			return syscall.SetsockoptString(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, txCrypto.String())
+		})
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) resetupRX() error {
+	if !c.kernelRx {
+		return nil
+	}
+	support, err := KernelSupport()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !support.TLS_Version13_KeyUpdate {
+		return errors.New("ktls: kernel does not support rekey")
+	}
+	rxCrypto := kernelCipher(support, c.rawConn.In, *c.rawConn.CipherSuite, true)
+	if rxCrypto == nil {
+		return errors.New("ktls: set kernelCipher on unsupported tls session")
+	}
+	return control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+		return syscall.SetsockoptString(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, rxCrypto.String())
+	})
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) readKernelRecord() (uint8, []byte, error) {
+	if c.rawConn.RawInput.Len() < maxPlaintext {
+		c.rawConn.RawInput.Grow(maxPlaintext - c.rawConn.RawInput.Len())
+	}
+
+	data := c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes()[:maxPlaintext]
+
+	// cmsg for record type
+	buffer := make([]byte, unix.CmsgSpace(1))
+	cmsg := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&buffer[0]))
+	cmsg.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(1))
+
+	var iov unix.Iovec
+	iov.Base = &data[0]
+	iov.SetLen(len(data))
+
+	var msg unix.Msghdr
+	msg.Control = &buffer[0]
+	msg.Controllen = cmsg.Len
+	msg.Iov = &iov
+	msg.Iovlen = 1
+
+	var n int
+	var err error
+	er := c.rawSyscallConn.Read(func(fd uintptr) bool {
+		n, err = recvmsg(int(fd), &msg, 0)
+		return err != unix.EAGAIN || c.pendingRxSplice
+	})
+	if er != nil {
+		return 0, nil, er
+	}
+	switch err {
+	case nil:
+	case syscall.EINVAL, syscall.EAGAIN:
+		return 0, nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertProtocolVersion))
+	case syscall.EMSGSIZE:
+		return 0, nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertRecordOverflow))
+	case syscall.EBADMSG:
+		return 0, nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertDecryptError))
+	default:
+		return 0, nil, err
+	}
+
+	if n <= 0 {
+		return 0, nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(io.EOF)
+	}
+
+	if cmsg.Level == unix.SOL_TLS && cmsg.Type == TLS_GET_RECORD_TYPE {
+		typ := buffer[unix.CmsgLen(0)]
+		return typ, data[:n], nil
+	}
+
+	return recordTypeApplicationData, data[:n], nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) writeKernelRecord(typ uint16, data []byte) (int, error) {
+	if typ == recordTypeApplicationData {
+		return c.conn.Write(data)
+	}
+
+	// cmsg for record type
+	buffer := make([]byte, unix.CmsgSpace(1))
+	cmsg := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&buffer[0]))
+	cmsg.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(1))
+	buffer[unix.CmsgLen(0)] = byte(typ)
+	cmsg.Level = unix.SOL_TLS
+	cmsg.Type = TLS_SET_RECORD_TYPE
+
+	var iov unix.Iovec
+	iov.Base = &data[0]
+	iov.SetLen(len(data))
+
+	var msg unix.Msghdr
+	msg.Control = &buffer[0]
+	msg.Controllen = cmsg.Len
+	msg.Iov = &iov
+	msg.Iovlen = 1
+
+	var n int
+	var err error
+	ew := c.rawSyscallConn.Write(func(fd uintptr) bool {
+		n, err = sendmsg(int(fd), &msg, 0)
+		return err != unix.EAGAIN
+	})
+	if ew != nil {
+		return 0, ew
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
+//go:linkname recvmsg golang.org/x/sys/unix.recvmsg
+func recvmsg(fd int, msg *unix.Msghdr, flags int) (n int, err error)
+
+//go:linkname sendmsg golang.org/x/sys/unix.sendmsg
+func sendmsg(fd int, msg *unix.Msghdr, flags int) (n int, err error)
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_prf.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_prf.go
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import "unsafe"
+
+//go:linkname cipherSuiteByID github.com/metacubex/utls.cipherSuiteByID
+func cipherSuiteByID(id uint16) unsafe.Pointer
+
+//go:linkname keysFromMasterSecret github.com/metacubex/utls.keysFromMasterSecret
+func keysFromMasterSecret(version uint16, suite unsafe.Pointer, masterSecret, clientRandom, serverRandom []byte, macLen, keyLen, ivLen int) (clientMAC, serverMAC, clientKey, serverKey, clientIV, serverIV []byte)
+
+//go:linkname cipherSuiteTLS13ByID github.com/metacubex/utls.cipherSuiteTLS13ByID
+func cipherSuiteTLS13ByID(id uint16) unsafe.Pointer
+
+//go:linkname nextTrafficSecret github.com/metacubex/utls.(*cipherSuiteTLS13).nextTrafficSecret
+func nextTrafficSecret(cs unsafe.Pointer, trafficSecret []byte) []byte
+
+//go:linkname trafficKey github.com/metacubex/utls.(*cipherSuiteTLS13).trafficKey
+func trafficKey(cs unsafe.Pointer, trafficSecret []byte) (key, iv []byte)
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_read.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_read.go
@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	if !c.kernelRx {
+		return c.Conn.Read(b)
+	}
+
+	if len(b) == 0 {
+		// Put this after Handshake, in case people were calling
+		// Read(nil) for the side effect of the Handshake.
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+
+	c.rawConn.In.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.In.Unlock()
+
+	for c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 {
+		if err := c.readRecord(); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		for c.rawConn.Hand.Len() > 0 {
+			if err := c.handlePostHandshakeMessage(); err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	n, _ := c.rawConn.Input.Read(b)
+
+	// If a close-notify alert is waiting, read it so that we can return (n,
+	// EOF) instead of (n, nil), to signal to the HTTP response reading
+	// goroutine that the connection is now closed. This eliminates a race
+	// where the HTTP response reading goroutine would otherwise not observe
+	// the EOF until its next read, by which time a client goroutine might
+	// have already tried to reuse the HTTP connection for a new request.
+	// See https://golang.org/cl/76400046 and https://golang.org/issue/3514
+	if n != 0 && c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 && c.rawConn.RawInput.Len() > 0 &&
+		c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes()[0] == recordTypeAlert {
+		if err := c.readRecord(); err != nil {
+			return n, err // will be io.EOF on closeNotify
+		}
+	}
+
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) readRecord() error {
+	if *c.rawConn.In.Err != nil {
+		return *c.rawConn.In.Err
+	}
+
+	typ, data, err := c.readRawRecord()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if len(data) > maxPlaintext {
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertRecordOverflow))
+	}
+
+	// Application Data messages are always protected.
+	if c.rawConn.In.Cipher == nil && typ == recordTypeApplicationData {
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+	}
+
+	//if typ != recordTypeAlert && typ != recordTypeChangeCipherSpec && len(data) > 0 {
+	// This is a state-advancing message: reset the retry count.
+	// c.retryCount = 0
+	//}
+
+	// Handshake messages MUST NOT be interleaved with other record types in TLS 1.3.
+	if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 && typ != recordTypeHandshake && c.rawConn.Hand.Len() > 0 {
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+	}
+
+	switch typ {
+	default:
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+	case recordTypeAlert:
+		//if c.quic != nil {
+		//	return c.rawConn.In.setErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		//}
+		if len(data) != 2 {
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		}
+		if data[1] == alertCloseNotify {
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(io.EOF)
+		}
+		if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+			// TLS 1.3 removed warning-level alerts except for alertUserCanceled
+			// (RFC 8446, § 6.1). Since at least one major implementation
+			// (https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8323517) misuses this alert,
+			// many TLS stacks now ignore it outright when seen in a TLS 1.3
+			// handshake (e.g. BoringSSL, NSS, Rustls).
+			if data[1] == alertUserCanceled {
+				// Like TLS 1.2 alertLevelWarning alerts, we drop the record and retry.
+				return c.retryReadRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec*/ )
+			}
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(&net.OpError{Op: "remote error", Err: tls.AlertError(data[1])})
+		}
+		switch data[0] {
+		case alertLevelWarning:
+			// Drop the record on the floor and retry.
+			return c.retryReadRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec*/ )
+		case alertLevelError:
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(&net.OpError{Op: "remote error", Err: tls.AlertError(data[1])})
+		default:
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		}
+
+	case recordTypeChangeCipherSpec:
+		if len(data) != 1 || data[0] != 1 {
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertDecodeError))
+		}
+		// Handshake messages are not allowed to fragment across the CCS.
+		if c.rawConn.Hand.Len() > 0 {
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		}
+		// In TLS 1.3, change_cipher_spec records are ignored until the
+		// Finished. See RFC 8446, Appendix D.4. Note that according to Section
+		// 5, a server can send a ChangeCipherSpec before its ServerHello, when
+		// c.vers is still unset. That's not useful though and suspicious if the
+		// server then selects a lower protocol version, so don't allow that.
+		if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+			return c.retryReadRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec*/ )
+		}
+		// if !expectChangeCipherSpec {
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		//}
+		//if err := c.rawConn.In.changeCipherSpec(); err != nil {
+		//	return c.rawConn.In.setErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(err.(alert)))
+		//}
+
+	case recordTypeApplicationData:
+		// Some OpenSSL servers send empty records in order to randomize the
+		// CBC RawIV. Ignore a limited number of empty records.
+		if len(data) == 0 {
+			return c.retryReadRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec*/ )
+		}
+		// Note that data is owned by c.rawInput, following the Next call above,
+		// to avoid copying the plaintext. This is safe because c.rawInput is
+		// not read from or written to until c.input is drained.
+		c.rawConn.Input.Reset(data)
+	case recordTypeHandshake:
+		if len(data) == 0 {
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		}
+		c.rawConn.Hand.Write(data)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+//nolint:staticcheck
+func (c *Conn) readRawRecord() (typ uint8, data []byte, err error) {
+	// Read from kernel.
+	if c.kernelRx {
+		return c.readKernelRecord()
+	}
+
+	// Read header, payload.
+	if err = c.readFromUntil(c.conn, recordHeaderLen); err != nil {
+		// RFC 8446, Section 6.1 suggests that EOF without an alertCloseNotify
+		// is an error, but popular web sites seem to do this, so we accept it
+		// if and only if at the record boundary.
+		if err == io.ErrUnexpectedEOF && c.rawConn.RawInput.Len() == 0 {
+			err = io.EOF
+		}
+		if e, ok := err.(net.Error); !ok || !e.Temporary() {
+			c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	hdr := c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes()[:recordHeaderLen]
+	typ = hdr[0]
+
+	vers := uint16(hdr[1])<<8 | uint16(hdr[2])
+	expectedVers := *c.rawConn.Vers
+	if expectedVers == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+		// All TLS 1.3 records are expected to have 0x0303 (1.2) after
+		// the initial hello (RFC 8446 Section 5.1).
+		expectedVers = tls.VersionTLS12
+	}
+	n := int(hdr[3])<<8 | int(hdr[4])
+	if /*c.haveVers && */ vers != expectedVers {
+		c.sendAlert(alertProtocolVersion)
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("received record with version %x when expecting version %x", vers, expectedVers)
+		err = c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.newRecordHeaderError(nil, msg))
+		return
+	}
+	//if !c.haveVers {
+	//	// First message, be extra suspicious: this might not be a TLS
+	//	// client. Bail out before reading a full 'body', if possible.
+	//	// The current max version is 3.3 so if the version is >= 16.0,
+	//	// it's probably not real.
+	//	if (typ != recordTypeAlert && typ != recordTypeHandshake) || vers >= 0x1000 {
+	//		err = c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.newRecordHeaderError(c.conn, "first record does not look like a TLS handshake"))
+	//		return
+	//	}
+	//}
+	if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 && n > maxCiphertextTLS13 || n > maxCiphertext {
+		c.sendAlert(alertRecordOverflow)
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("oversized record received with length %d", n)
+		err = c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.newRecordHeaderError(nil, msg))
+		return
+	}
+	if err = c.readFromUntil(c.conn, recordHeaderLen+n); err != nil {
+		if e, ok := err.(net.Error); !ok || !e.Temporary() {
+			c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Process message.
+	record := c.rawConn.RawInput.Next(recordHeaderLen + n)
+	data, typ, err = c.rawConn.In.Decrypt(record)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(uint8(err.(tls.AlertError))))
+		return
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// retryReadRecord recurs into readRecordOrCCS to drop a non-advancing record, like
+// a warning alert, empty application_data, or a change_cipher_spec in TLS 1.3.
+func (c *Conn) retryReadRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec bool*/ ) error {
+	//c.retryCount++
+	//if c.retryCount > maxUselessRecords {
+	//	c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage)
+	//	return c.in.setErrorLocked(errors.New("tls: too many ignored records"))
+	//}
+	return c.readRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec*/ )
+}
+
+// atLeastReader reads from R, stopping with EOF once at least N bytes have been
+// read. It is different from an io.LimitedReader in that it doesn't cut short
+// the last Read call, and in that it considers an early EOF an error.
+type atLeastReader struct {
+	R io.Reader
+	N int64
+}
+
+func (r *atLeastReader) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	if r.N <= 0 {
+		return 0, io.EOF
+	}
+	n, err := r.R.Read(p)
+	r.N -= int64(n) // won't underflow unless len(p) >= n > 9223372036854775809
+	if r.N > 0 && err == io.EOF {
+		return n, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	if r.N <= 0 && err == nil {
+		return n, io.EOF
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
+// readFromUntil reads from r into c.rawConn.RawInput until c.rawConn.RawInput contains
+// at least n bytes or else returns an error.
+func (c *Conn) readFromUntil(r io.Reader, n int) error {
+	if c.rawConn.RawInput.Len() >= n {
+		return nil
+	}
+	needs := n - c.rawConn.RawInput.Len()
+	// There might be extra input waiting on the wire. Make a best effort
+	// attempt to fetch it so that it can be used in (*Conn).Read to
+	// "predict" closeNotify alerts.
+	c.rawConn.RawInput.Grow(needs + bytes.MinRead)
+	_, err := c.rawConn.RawInput.ReadFrom(&atLeastReader{r, int64(needs)})
+	return err
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) newRecordHeaderError(conn net.Conn, msg string) (err tls.RecordHeaderError) {
+	err.Msg = msg
+	err.Conn = conn
+	copy(err.RecordHeader[:], c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes())
+	return err
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_read_wait.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_read_wait.go
@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) InitializeReadWaiter(options N.ReadWaitOptions) (needCopy bool) {
+	c.readWaitOptions = options
+	return false
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) WaitReadBuffer() (buffer *buf.Buffer, err error) {
+	c.rawConn.In.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.In.Unlock()
+	for c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 {
+		err = c.readRecord()
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	buffer = c.readWaitOptions.NewBuffer()
+	n, err := c.rawConn.Input.Read(buffer.FreeBytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		buffer.Release()
+		return
+	}
+	buffer.Truncate(n)
+	if n != 0 && c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 && c.rawConn.Input.Len() > 0 &&
+		c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes()[0] == recordTypeAlert {
+		_ = c.rawConn.ReadRecord()
+	}
+	c.readWaitOptions.PostReturn(buffer)
+	return
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_stub_nolinkname.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_stub_nolinkname.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && !badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
+)
+
+func NewConn(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, conn aTLS.Conn, txOffload, rxOffload bool) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
+	return nil, E.New("kTLS requires build flags `badlinkname` and `-ldflags=-checklinkname=0`, please recompile your binary")
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_stub_nonlinux.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_stub_nonlinux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
+)
+
+func NewConn(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, conn aTLS.Conn, txOffload, rxOffload bool) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
+	return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_stub_oldgo.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_stub_oldgo.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build linux && !go1.25
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
+)
+
+func NewConn(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, conn aTLS.Conn, txOffload, rxOffload bool) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
+	return nil, E.New("kTLS requires Go 1.25 or later, please recompile your binary")
+}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_write.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_write.go
@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && badlinkname
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/cipher"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	if !c.kernelTx {
+		return c.Conn.Write(b)
+	}
+	// interlock with Close below
+	for {
+		x := c.rawConn.ActiveCall.Load()
+		if x&1 != 0 {
+			return 0, net.ErrClosed
+		}
+		if c.rawConn.ActiveCall.CompareAndSwap(x, x+2) {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	defer c.rawConn.ActiveCall.Add(-2)
+
+	//if err := c.Conn.HandshakeContext(context.Background()); err != nil {
+	//	return 0, err
+	//}
+
+	c.rawConn.Out.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.Out.Unlock()
+
+	if err := *c.rawConn.Out.Err; err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	if !c.rawConn.IsHandshakeComplete.Load() {
+		return 0, tls.AlertError(alertInternalError)
+	}
+
+	if *c.rawConn.CloseNotifySent {
+		// return 0, errShutdown
+		return 0, errors.New("tls: protocol is shutdown")
+	}
+
+	// TLS 1.0 is susceptible to a chosen-plaintext
+	// attack when using block mode ciphers due to predictable IVs.
+	// This can be prevented by splitting each Application Data
+	// record into two records, effectively randomizing the RawIV.
+	//
+	// https://www.openssl.org/~bodo/tls-cbc.txt
+	// https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=665814
+	// https://www.imperialviolet.org/2012/01/15/beastfollowup.html
+
+	var m int
+	if len(b) > 1 && *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS10 {
+		if _, ok := (*c.rawConn.Out.Cipher).(cipher.BlockMode); ok {
+			n, err := c.writeRecordLocked(recordTypeApplicationData, b[:1])
+			if err != nil {
+				return n, c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(err)
+			}
+			m, b = 1, b[1:]
+		}
+	}
+
+	n, err := c.writeRecordLocked(recordTypeApplicationData, b)
+	return n + m, c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(err)
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) writeRecordLocked(typ uint16, data []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	if !c.kernelTx {
+		return c.rawConn.WriteRecordLocked(typ, data)
+	}
+	/*for len(data) > 0 {
+		m := len(data)
+		if maxPayload := c.maxPayloadSizeForWrite(typ); m > maxPayload {
+			m = maxPayload
+		}
+		_, err = c.writeKernelRecord(typ, data[:m])
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		n += m
+		data = data[m:]
+	}*/
+	return c.writeKernelRecord(typ, data)
+}
+
+const (
+	// tcpMSSEstimate is a conservative estimate of the TCP maximum segment
+	// size (MSS). A constant is used, rather than querying the kernel for
+	// the actual MSS, to avoid complexity. The value here is the IPv6
+	// minimum MTU (1280 bytes) minus the overhead of an IPv6 header (40
+	// bytes) and a TCP header with timestamps (32 bytes).
+	tcpMSSEstimate = 1208
+
+	// recordSizeBoostThreshold is the number of bytes of application data
+	// sent after which the TLS record size will be increased to the
+	// maximum.
+	recordSizeBoostThreshold = 128 * 1024
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) maxPayloadSizeForWrite(typ uint16) int {
+	if /*c.config.DynamicRecordSizingDisabled ||*/ typ != recordTypeApplicationData {
+		return maxPlaintext
+	}
+
+	if *c.rawConn.PacketsSent >= recordSizeBoostThreshold {
+		return maxPlaintext
+	}
+
+	// Subtract TLS overheads to get the maximum payload size.
+	payloadBytes := tcpMSSEstimate - recordHeaderLen - c.rawConn.Out.ExplicitNonceLen()
+	if rawCipher := *c.rawConn.Out.Cipher; rawCipher != nil {
+		switch ciph := rawCipher.(type) {
+		case cipher.Stream:
+			payloadBytes -= (*c.rawConn.Out.Mac).Size()
+		case cipher.AEAD:
+			payloadBytes -= ciph.Overhead()
+		/*case cbcMode:
+		blockSize := ciph.BlockSize()
+		// The payload must fit in a multiple of blockSize, with
+		// room for at least one padding byte.
+		payloadBytes = (payloadBytes & ^(blockSize - 1)) - 1
+		// The RawMac is appended before padding so affects the
+		// payload size directly.
+		payloadBytes -= c.out.mac.Size()*/
+		default:
+			panic("unknown cipher type")
+		}
+	}
+	if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+		payloadBytes-- // encrypted ContentType
+	}
+
+	// Allow packet growth in arithmetic progression up to max.
+	pkt := *c.rawConn.PacketsSent
+	*c.rawConn.PacketsSent++
+	if pkt > 1000 {
+		return maxPlaintext // avoid overflow in multiply below
+	}
+
+	n := payloadBytes * int(pkt+1)
+	if n > maxPlaintext {
+		n = maxPlaintext
+	}
+	return n
+}
--- a/common/listener/listener_go121.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener_go121.go
@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-//go:build go1.21
-
-package listener
-
-import "net"
-
-const go121Available = true
-
-func setMultiPathTCP(listenConfig *net.ListenConfig) {
-	listenConfig.SetMultipathTCP(true)
-}
--- a/common/listener/listener_go123.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener_go123.go
@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-//go:build go1.23
-
-package listener
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"time"
-)
-
-func setKeepAliveConfig(listener *net.ListenConfig, idle time.Duration, interval time.Duration) {
-	listener.KeepAliveConfig = net.KeepAliveConfig{
-		Enable:   true,
-		Idle:     idle,
-		Interval: interval,
-	}
-}
--- a/common/listener/listener_nongo121.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener_nongo121.go
@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !go1.21
-
-package listener
-
-import "net"
-
-const go121Available = false
-
-func setMultiPathTCP(listenConfig *net.ListenConfig) {
-}
--- a/common/listener/listener_nongo123.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener_nongo123.go
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !go1.23
-
-package listener
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
-)
-
-func setKeepAliveConfig(listener *net.ListenConfig, idle time.Duration, interval time.Duration) {
-	listener.KeepAlive = idle
-	listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, control.SetKeepAlivePeriod(idle, interval))
-}
--- a/common/listener/listener_tcp.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener_tcp.go
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ import (
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"

-	"github.com/metacubex/tfo-go"
+	"github.com/database64128/tfo-go/v2"
 )

 func (l *Listener) ListenTCP() (net.Listener, error) {
@@ -46,13 +46,14 @@ func (l *Listener) ListenTCP() (net.Listener, error) {
 		if keepInterval == 0 {
 			keepInterval = C.TCPKeepAliveInterval
 		}
-		setKeepAliveConfig(&listenConfig, keepIdle, keepInterval)
+		listenConfig.KeepAliveConfig = net.KeepAliveConfig{
+			Enable:   true,
+			Idle:     keepIdle,
+			Interval: keepInterval,
+		}
 	}
 	if l.listenOptions.TCPMultiPath {
-		if !go121Available {
-			return nil, E.New("MultiPath TCP requires go1.21, please recompile your binary.")
-		}
-		setMultiPathTCP(&listenConfig)
+		listenConfig.SetMultipathTCP(true)
 	}
 	if l.tproxy {
 		listenConfig.Control = control.Append(listenConfig.Control, func(network, address string, conn syscall.RawConn) error {
--- a/common/srs/binary.go
+++ b/common/srs/binary.go
@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/domain"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badjson"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badoption"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"

 	"go4.org/netipx"
@@ -41,6 +43,8 @@ const (
 	ruleItemNetworkType
 	ruleItemNetworkIsExpensive
 	ruleItemNetworkIsConstrained
+	ruleItemNetworkInterfaceAddress
+	ruleItemDefaultInterfaceAddress
 	ruleItemFinal uint8 = 0xFF
 )

@@ -230,6 +234,51 @@ func readDefaultRule(reader varbin.Reader, recover bool) (rule option.DefaultHea
 			rule.NetworkIsExpensive = true
 		case ruleItemNetworkIsConstrained:
 			rule.NetworkIsConstrained = true
+		case ruleItemNetworkInterfaceAddress:
+			rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress = new(badjson.TypedMap[option.InterfaceType, badoption.Listable[*badoption.Prefixable]])
+			var size uint64
+			size, err = binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			for i := uint64(0); i < size; i++ {
+				var key uint8
+				err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &key)
+				if err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				var value []*badoption.Prefixable
+				var prefixCount uint64
+				prefixCount, err = binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+				if err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				for j := uint64(0); j < prefixCount; j++ {
+					var prefix netip.Prefix
+					prefix, err = readPrefix(reader)
+					if err != nil {
+						return
+					}
+					value = append(value, common.Ptr(badoption.Prefixable(prefix)))
+				}
+				rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Put(option.InterfaceType(key), value)
+			}
+		case ruleItemDefaultInterfaceAddress:
+			var value []*badoption.Prefixable
+			var prefixCount uint64
+			prefixCount, err = binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			for j := uint64(0); j < prefixCount; j++ {
+				var prefix netip.Prefix
+				prefix, err = readPrefix(reader)
+				if err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				value = append(value, common.Ptr(badoption.Prefixable(prefix)))
+			}
+			rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress = value
 		case ruleItemFinal:
 			err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &rule.Invert)
 			return
@@ -346,7 +395,7 @@ func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, gen
 	}
 	if len(rule.NetworkType) > 0 {
 		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion3 {
-			return E.New("network_type rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
+			return E.New("`network_type` rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
 		}
 		err = writeRuleItemUint8(writer, ruleItemNetworkType, rule.NetworkType)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -354,17 +403,71 @@ func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, gen
 		}
 	}
 	if rule.NetworkIsExpensive {
+		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion3 {
+			return E.New("`network_is_expensive` rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
+		}
 		err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, ruleItemNetworkIsExpensive)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 	if rule.NetworkIsConstrained {
+		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion3 {
+			return E.New("`network_is_constrained` rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
+		}
 		err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, ruleItemNetworkIsConstrained)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
+	if rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress != nil && rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Size() > 0 {
+		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion4 {
+			return E.New("`network_interface_address` rule item is only supported in version 4 or later")
+		}
+		err = writer.WriteByte(ruleItemNetworkInterfaceAddress)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Size()))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, entry := range rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Entries() {
+			err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(entry.Key.Build()))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(entry.Value)))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			for _, rawPrefix := range entry.Value {
+				err = writePrefix(writer, rawPrefix.Build(netip.Prefix{}))
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if len(rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress) > 0 {
+		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion4 {
+			return E.New("`default_interface_address` rule item is only supported in version 4 or later")
+		}
+		err = writer.WriteByte(ruleItemDefaultInterfaceAddress)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, rawPrefix := range rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress {
+			err = writePrefix(writer, rawPrefix.Build(netip.Prefix{}))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	if len(rule.WIFISSID) > 0 {
 		err = writeRuleItemString(writer, ruleItemWIFISSID, rule.WIFISSID)
 		if err != nil {
--- a/common/srs/ip_cidr.go
+++ b/common/srs/ip_cidr.go
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package srs
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"net/netip"
+
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
+)
+
+func readPrefix(reader varbin.Reader) (netip.Prefix, error) {
+	addrSlice, err := varbin.ReadValue[[]byte](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, err
+	}
+	prefixBits, err := varbin.ReadValue[uint8](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, err
+	}
+	return netip.PrefixFrom(M.AddrFromIP(addrSlice), int(prefixBits)), nil
+}
+
+func writePrefix(writer varbin.Writer, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
+	err := varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, prefix.Addr().AsSlice())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(prefix.Bits()))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}
--- a/common/tls/client.go
+++ b/common/tls/client.go
@@ -2,39 +2,71 @@ package tls

 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"os"

-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/badtls"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
 )

-func NewDialerFromOptions(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (N.Dialer, error) {
+func NewDialerFromOptions(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (N.Dialer, error) {
 	if !options.Enabled {
 		return dialer, nil
 	}
-	config, err := NewClient(ctx, serverAddress, options)
+	config, err := NewClientWithOptions(ClientOptions{
+		Context:       ctx,
+		Logger:        logger,
+		ServerAddress: serverAddress,
+		Options:       options,
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return NewDialer(dialer, config), nil
 }

-func NewClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
-	if !options.Enabled {
+func NewClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+	return NewClientWithOptions(ClientOptions{
+		Context:       ctx,
+		Logger:        logger,
+		ServerAddress: serverAddress,
+		Options:       options,
+	})
+}
+
+type ClientOptions struct {
+	Context        context.Context
+	Logger         logger.ContextLogger
+	ServerAddress  string
+	Options        option.OutboundTLSOptions
+	KTLSCompatible bool
+}
+
+func NewClientWithOptions(options ClientOptions) (Config, error) {
+	if !options.Options.Enabled {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	if options.Reality != nil && options.Reality.Enabled {
-		return NewRealityClient(ctx, serverAddress, options)
-	} else if options.UTLS != nil && options.UTLS.Enabled {
-		return NewUTLSClient(ctx, serverAddress, options)
+	if !options.KTLSCompatible {
+		if options.Options.KernelTx {
+			options.Logger.Warn("enabling kTLS TX in current scenarios will definitely reduce performance, please checkout https://sing-box.sagernet.org/configuration/shared/tls/#kernel_tx")
+		}
 	}
-	return NewSTDClient(ctx, serverAddress, options)
+	if options.Options.KernelRx {
+		options.Logger.Warn("enabling kTLS RX will definitely reduce performance, please checkout https://sing-box.sagernet.org/configuration/shared/tls/#kernel_rx")
+	}
+	if options.Options.Reality != nil && options.Options.Reality.Enabled {
+		return NewRealityClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options)
+	} else if options.Options.UTLS != nil && options.Options.UTLS.Enabled {
+		return NewUTLSClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options)
+	}
+	return NewSTDClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options)
 }

 func ClientHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, config Config) (Conn, error) {
@@ -79,10 +111,10 @@ func (d *defaultDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksadd
 }

 func (d *defaultDialer) DialTLSContext(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (Conn, error) {
-	return d.dialContext(ctx, destination)
+	return d.dialContext(ctx, destination, true)
 }

-func (d *defaultDialer) dialContext(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (Conn, error) {
+func (d *defaultDialer) dialContext(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, echRetry bool) (Conn, error) {
 	conn, err := d.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, destination)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -90,6 +122,13 @@ func (d *defaultDialer) dialContext(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr
 	tlsConn, err := aTLS.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, d.config)
 	if err != nil {
 		conn.Close()
+		var echErr *tls.ECHRejectionError
+		if echRetry && errors.As(err, &echErr) && len(echErr.RetryConfigList) > 0 {
+			if echConfig, isECH := d.config.(ECHCapableConfig); isECH {
+				echConfig.SetECHConfigList(echErr.RetryConfigList)
+				return d.dialContext(ctx, destination, false)
+			}
+		}
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return tlsConn, nil
--- a/common/tls/ech_stub.go
+++ b/common/tls/ech_stub.go
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !go1.24
-
-package tls
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"crypto/tls"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-)
-
-func parseECHClientConfig(ctx context.Context, clientConfig ECHCapableConfig, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
-	return nil, E.New("ECH requires go1.24, please recompile your binary.")
-}
-
-func parseECHServerConfig(ctx context.Context, options option.InboundTLSOptions, tlsConfig *tls.Config, echKeyPath *string) error {
-	return E.New("ECH requires go1.24, please recompile your binary.")
-}
-
-func (c *STDServerConfig) setECHServerConfig(echKey []byte) error {
-	panic("unreachable")
-}
--- a/common/tls/ktls.go
+++ b/common/tls/ktls.go
@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package tls
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/ktls"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
+)
+
+type KTLSClientConfig struct {
+	Config
+	logger             logger.ContextLogger
+	kernelTx, kernelRx bool
+}
+
+func (w *KTLSClientConfig) ClientHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
+	tlsConn, err := aTLS.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, w.Config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	kConn, err := ktls.NewConn(ctx, w.logger, tlsConn, w.kernelTx, w.kernelRx)
+	if err != nil {
+		tlsConn.Close()
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize kernel TLS")
+	}
+	return kConn, nil
+}
+
+func (w *KTLSClientConfig) Clone() Config {
+	return &KTLSClientConfig{
+		w.Config.Clone(),
+		w.logger,
+		w.kernelTx,
+		w.kernelRx,
+	}
+}
+
+type KTlSServerConfig struct {
+	ServerConfig
+	logger             logger.ContextLogger
+	kernelTx, kernelRx bool
+}
+
+func (w *KTlSServerConfig) ServerHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
+	tlsConn, err := aTLS.ServerHandshake(ctx, conn, w.ServerConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	kConn, err := ktls.NewConn(ctx, w.logger, tlsConn, w.kernelTx, w.kernelRx)
+	if err != nil {
+		tlsConn.Close()
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize kernel TLS")
+	}
+	return kConn, nil
+}
+
+func (w *KTlSServerConfig) Clone() Config {
+	return &KTlSServerConfig{
+		w.ServerConfig.Clone().(ServerConfig),
+		w.logger,
+		w.kernelTx,
+		w.kernelRx,
+	}
+}
--- a/common/tls/reality_client.go
+++ b/common/tls/reality_client.go
@@ -28,10 +28,12 @@ import (
 	"unsafe"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/debug"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
 	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"

@@ -49,12 +51,12 @@ type RealityClientConfig struct {
 	shortID   [8]byte
 }

-func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (*RealityClientConfig, error) {
+func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
 	if options.UTLS == nil || !options.UTLS.Enabled {
 		return nil, E.New("uTLS is required by reality client")
 	}

-	uClient, err := NewUTLSClient(ctx, serverAddress, options)
+	uClient, err := NewUTLSClient(ctx, logger, serverAddress, options)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -74,7 +76,20 @@ func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.
 	if decodedLen > 8 {
 		return nil, E.New("invalid short_id")
 	}
-	return &RealityClientConfig{ctx, uClient.(*UTLSClientConfig), publicKey, shortID}, nil
+
+	var config Config = &RealityClientConfig{ctx, uClient.(*UTLSClientConfig), publicKey, shortID}
+	if options.KernelRx || options.KernelTx {
+		if !C.IsLinux {
+			return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
+		}
+		config = &KTLSClientConfig{
+			Config:   config,
+			logger:   logger,
+			kernelTx: options.KernelTx,
+			kernelRx: options.KernelRx,
+		}
+	}
+	return config, nil
 }

 func (e *RealityClientConfig) ServerName() string {
@@ -93,7 +108,7 @@ func (e *RealityClientConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	e.uClient.SetNextProtos(nextProto)
 }

-func (e *RealityClientConfig) Config() (*STDConfig, error) {
+func (e *RealityClientConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return nil, E.New("unsupported usage for reality")
 }

--- a/common/tls/reality_server.go
+++ b/common/tls/reality_server.go
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/dialer"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ type RealityServerConfig struct {
 	config *utls.RealityConfig
 }

-func NewRealityServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (*RealityServerConfig, error) {
+func NewRealityServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
 	var tlsConfig utls.RealityConfig

 	if options.ACME != nil && len(options.ACME.Domain) > 0 {
@@ -67,7 +68,10 @@ func NewRealityServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.Inb
 			return nil, E.New("unknown cipher_suite: ", cipherSuite)
 		}
 	}
-	if len(options.Certificate) > 0 || options.CertificatePath != "" {
+	if len(options.CurvePreferences) > 0 {
+		return nil, E.New("curve preferences is unavailable in reality")
+	}
+	if len(options.Certificate) > 0 || options.CertificatePath != "" || len(options.ClientCertificatePublicKeySHA256) > 0 {
 		return nil, E.New("certificate is unavailable in reality")
 	}
 	if len(options.Key) > 0 || options.KeyPath != "" {
@@ -119,7 +123,22 @@ func NewRealityServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.Inb
 		return handshakeDialer.DialContext(ctx, network, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
 	}

-	return &RealityServerConfig{&tlsConfig}, nil
+	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
+		return nil, E.New("Reality is conflict with ECH")
+	}
+	var config ServerConfig = &RealityServerConfig{&tlsConfig}
+	if options.KernelTx || options.KernelRx {
+		if !C.IsLinux {
+			return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
+		}
+		config = &KTlSServerConfig{
+			ServerConfig: config,
+			logger:       logger,
+			kernelTx:     options.KernelTx,
+			kernelRx:     options.KernelRx,
+		}
+	}
+	return config, nil
 }

 func (c *RealityServerConfig) ServerName() string {
@@ -138,7 +157,7 @@ func (c *RealityServerConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config.NextProtos = nextProto
 }

-func (c *RealityServerConfig) Config() (*tls.Config, error) {
+func (c *RealityServerConfig) STDConfig() (*tls.Config, error) {
 	return nil, E.New("unsupported usage for reality")
 }

--- a/common/tls/server.go
+++ b/common/tls/server.go
@@ -12,14 +12,37 @@ import (
 	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
 )

-func NewServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
-	if !options.Enabled {
+type ServerOptions struct {
+	Context        context.Context
+	Logger         log.ContextLogger
+	Options        option.InboundTLSOptions
+	KTLSCompatible bool
+}
+
+func NewServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
+	return NewServerWithOptions(ServerOptions{
+		Context: ctx,
+		Logger:  logger,
+		Options: options,
+	})
+}
+
+func NewServerWithOptions(options ServerOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
+	if !options.Options.Enabled {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	if options.Reality != nil && options.Reality.Enabled {
-		return NewRealityServer(ctx, logger, options)
+	if !options.KTLSCompatible {
+		if options.Options.KernelTx {
+			options.Logger.Warn("enabling kTLS TX in current scenarios will definitely reduce performance, please checkout https://sing-box.sagernet.org/configuration/shared/tls/#kernel_tx")
+		}
 	}
-	return NewSTDServer(ctx, logger, options)
+	if options.Options.KernelRx {
+		options.Logger.Warn("enabling kTLS RX will definitely reduce performance, please checkout https://sing-box.sagernet.org/configuration/shared/tls/#kernel_rx")
+	}
+	if options.Options.Reality != nil && options.Options.Reality.Enabled {
+		return NewRealityServer(options.Context, options.Logger, options.Options)
+	}
+	return NewSTDServer(options.Context, options.Logger, options.Options)
 }

 func ServerHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, config ServerConfig) (Conn, error) {
--- a/common/tls/std_client.go
+++ b/common/tls/std_client.go
@@ -1,9 +1,12 @@
 package tls

 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
+	"crypto/sha256"
 	"crypto/tls"
 	"crypto/x509"
+	"encoding/base64"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
@@ -11,8 +14,10 @@ import (

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tlsfragment"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
 )

@@ -40,7 +45,7 @@ func (c *STDClientConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config.NextProtos = nextProto
 }

-func (c *STDClientConfig) Config() (*STDConfig, error) {
+func (c *STDClientConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return c.config, nil
 }

@@ -52,7 +57,13 @@ func (c *STDClientConfig) Client(conn net.Conn) (Conn, error) {
 }

 func (c *STDClientConfig) Clone() Config {
-	return &STDClientConfig{c.ctx, c.config.Clone(), c.fragment, c.fragmentFallbackDelay, c.recordFragment}
+	return &STDClientConfig{
+		ctx:                   c.ctx,
+		config:                c.config.Clone(),
+		fragment:              c.fragment,
+		fragmentFallbackDelay: c.fragmentFallbackDelay,
+		recordFragment:        c.recordFragment,
+	}
 }

 func (c *STDClientConfig) ECHConfigList() []byte {
@@ -63,7 +74,7 @@ func (c *STDClientConfig) SetECHConfigList(EncryptedClientHelloConfigList []byte
 	c.config.EncryptedClientHelloConfigList = EncryptedClientHelloConfigList
 }

-func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
 	var serverName string
 	if options.ServerName != "" {
 		serverName = options.ServerName
@@ -100,6 +111,15 @@ func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.Outb
 			return err
 		}
 	}
+	if len(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256) > 0 {
+		if len(options.Certificate) > 0 || options.CertificatePath != "" {
+			return nil, E.New("certificate_public_key_sha256 is conflict with certificate or certificate_path")
+		}
+		tlsConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = true
+		tlsConfig.VerifyPeerCertificate = func(rawCerts [][]byte, verifiedChains [][]*x509.Certificate) error {
+			return verifyPublicKeySHA256(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256, rawCerts, tlsConfig.Time)
+		}
+	}
 	if len(options.ALPN) > 0 {
 		tlsConfig.NextProtos = options.ALPN
 	}
@@ -129,6 +149,9 @@ func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.Outb
 			return nil, E.New("unknown cipher_suite: ", cipherSuite)
 		}
 	}
+	for _, curve := range options.CurvePreferences {
+		tlsConfig.CurvePreferences = append(tlsConfig.CurvePreferences, tls.CurveID(curve))
+	}
 	var certificate []byte
 	if len(options.Certificate) > 0 {
 		certificate = []byte(strings.Join(options.Certificate, "\n"))
@@ -146,10 +169,72 @@ func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.Outb
 		}
 		tlsConfig.RootCAs = certPool
 	}
-	stdConfig := &STDClientConfig{ctx, &tlsConfig, options.Fragment, time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay), options.RecordFragment}
-	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
-		return parseECHClientConfig(ctx, stdConfig, options)
-	} else {
-		return stdConfig, nil
+	var clientCertificate []byte
+	if len(options.ClientCertificate) > 0 {
+		clientCertificate = []byte(strings.Join(options.ClientCertificate, "\n"))
+	} else if options.ClientCertificatePath != "" {
+		content, err := os.ReadFile(options.ClientCertificatePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "read client certificate")
+		}
+		clientCertificate = content
 	}
+	var clientKey []byte
+	if len(options.ClientKey) > 0 {
+		clientKey = []byte(strings.Join(options.ClientKey, "\n"))
+	} else if options.ClientKeyPath != "" {
+		content, err := os.ReadFile(options.ClientKeyPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "read client key")
+		}
+		clientKey = content
+	}
+	if len(clientCertificate) > 0 && len(clientKey) > 0 {
+		keyPair, err := tls.X509KeyPair(clientCertificate, clientKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "parse client x509 key pair")
+		}
+		tlsConfig.Certificates = []tls.Certificate{keyPair}
+	} else if len(clientCertificate) > 0 || len(clientKey) > 0 {
+		return nil, E.New("client certificate and client key must be provided together")
+	}
+	var config Config = &STDClientConfig{ctx, &tlsConfig, options.Fragment, time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay), options.RecordFragment}
+	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
+		var err error
+		config, err = parseECHClientConfig(ctx, config.(ECHCapableConfig), options)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+	}
+	if options.KernelRx || options.KernelTx {
+		if !C.IsLinux {
+			return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
+		}
+		config = &KTLSClientConfig{
+			Config:   config,
+			logger:   logger,
+			kernelTx: options.KernelTx,
+			kernelRx: options.KernelRx,
+		}
+	}
+	return config, nil
+}
+
+func verifyPublicKeySHA256(knownHashValues [][]byte, rawCerts [][]byte, timeFunc func() time.Time) error {
+	leafCertificate, err := x509.ParseCertificate(rawCerts[0])
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "failed to parse leaf certificate")
+	}
+
+	pubKeyBytes, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(leafCertificate.PublicKey)
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "failed to marshal public key")
+	}
+	hashValue := sha256.Sum256(pubKeyBytes)
+	for _, value := range knownHashValues {
+		if bytes.Equal(value, hashValue[:]) {
+			return nil
+		}
+	}
+	return E.New("unrecognized remote public key: ", base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(hashValue[:]))
 }
--- a/common/tls/std_server.go
+++ b/common/tls/std_server.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package tls
 import (
 	"context"
 	"crypto/tls"
+	"crypto/x509"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 	"strings"
@@ -11,6 +12,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/sagernet/fswatch"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
@@ -21,16 +23,17 @@ import (
 var errInsecureUnused = E.New("tls: insecure unused")

 type STDServerConfig struct {
-	access          sync.RWMutex
-	config          *tls.Config
-	logger          log.Logger
-	acmeService     adapter.SimpleLifecycle
-	certificate     []byte
-	key             []byte
-	certificatePath string
-	keyPath         string
-	echKeyPath      string
-	watcher         *fswatch.Watcher
+	access                sync.RWMutex
+	config                *tls.Config
+	logger                log.Logger
+	acmeService           adapter.SimpleLifecycle
+	certificate           []byte
+	key                   []byte
+	certificatePath       string
+	keyPath               string
+	clientCertificatePath []string
+	echKeyPath            string
+	watcher               *fswatch.Watcher
 }

 func (c *STDServerConfig) ServerName() string {
@@ -69,7 +72,7 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config = config
 }

-func (c *STDServerConfig) Config() (*STDConfig, error) {
+func (c *STDServerConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return c.config, nil
 }

@@ -110,6 +113,9 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) startWatcher() error {
 	if c.echKeyPath != "" {
 		watchPath = append(watchPath, c.echKeyPath)
 	}
+	if len(c.clientCertificatePath) > 0 {
+		watchPath = append(watchPath, c.clientCertificatePath...)
+	}
 	if len(watchPath) == 0 {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -158,6 +164,30 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) certificateUpdated(path string) error {
 		c.config = config
 		c.access.Unlock()
 		c.logger.Info("reloaded TLS certificate")
+	} else if common.Contains(c.clientCertificatePath, path) {
+		clientCertificateCA := x509.NewCertPool()
+		var reloaded bool
+		for _, certPath := range c.clientCertificatePath {
+			content, err := os.ReadFile(certPath)
+			if err != nil {
+				c.logger.Error(E.Cause(err, "reload certificate from ", c.clientCertificatePath))
+				continue
+			}
+			if !clientCertificateCA.AppendCertsFromPEM(content) {
+				c.logger.Error(E.New("invalid client certificate file: ", certPath))
+				continue
+			}
+			reloaded = true
+		}
+		if !reloaded {
+			return E.New("client certificates is empty")
+		}
+		c.access.Lock()
+		config := c.config.Clone()
+		config.ClientCAs = clientCertificateCA
+		c.config = config
+		c.access.Unlock()
+		c.logger.Info("reloaded client certificates")
 	} else if path == c.echKeyPath {
 		echKey, err := os.ReadFile(c.echKeyPath)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -182,7 +212,7 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }

-func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
+func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
 	if !options.Enabled {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
@@ -234,8 +264,14 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.Inbound
 			return nil, E.New("unknown cipher_suite: ", cipherSuite)
 		}
 	}
-	var certificate []byte
-	var key []byte
+	for _, curveID := range options.CurvePreferences {
+		tlsConfig.CurvePreferences = append(tlsConfig.CurvePreferences, tls.CurveID(curveID))
+	}
+	tlsConfig.ClientAuth = tls.ClientAuthType(options.ClientAuthentication)
+	var (
+		certificate []byte
+		key         []byte
+	)
 	if acmeService == nil {
 		if len(options.Certificate) > 0 {
 			certificate = []byte(strings.Join(options.Certificate, "\n"))
@@ -277,6 +313,43 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.Inbound
 			tlsConfig.Certificates = []tls.Certificate{keyPair}
 		}
 	}
+	if len(options.ClientCertificate) > 0 || len(options.ClientCertificatePath) > 0 {
+		if tlsConfig.ClientAuth == tls.NoClientCert {
+			tlsConfig.ClientAuth = tls.RequireAndVerifyClientCert
+		}
+	}
+	if tlsConfig.ClientAuth == tls.VerifyClientCertIfGiven || tlsConfig.ClientAuth == tls.RequireAndVerifyClientCert {
+		if len(options.ClientCertificate) > 0 {
+			clientCertificateCA := x509.NewCertPool()
+			if !clientCertificateCA.AppendCertsFromPEM([]byte(strings.Join(options.ClientCertificate, "\n"))) {
+				return nil, E.New("invalid client certificate strings")
+			}
+			tlsConfig.ClientCAs = clientCertificateCA
+		} else if len(options.ClientCertificatePath) > 0 {
+			clientCertificateCA := x509.NewCertPool()
+			for _, path := range options.ClientCertificatePath {
+				content, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, E.Cause(err, "read client certificate from ", path)
+				}
+				if !clientCertificateCA.AppendCertsFromPEM(content) {
+					return nil, E.New("invalid client certificate file: ", path)
+				}
+			}
+			tlsConfig.ClientCAs = clientCertificateCA
+		} else if len(options.ClientCertificatePublicKeySHA256) > 0 {
+			if tlsConfig.ClientAuth == tls.RequireAndVerifyClientCert {
+				tlsConfig.ClientAuth = tls.RequireAnyClientCert
+			} else if tlsConfig.ClientAuth == tls.VerifyClientCertIfGiven {
+				tlsConfig.ClientAuth = tls.RequestClientCert
+			}
+			tlsConfig.VerifyPeerCertificate = func(rawCerts [][]byte, verifiedChains [][]*x509.Certificate) error {
+				return verifyPublicKeySHA256(options.ClientCertificatePublicKeySHA256, rawCerts, tlsConfig.Time)
+			}
+		} else {
+			return nil, E.New("missing client_certificate, client_certificate_path or client_certificate_public_key_sha256 for client authentication")
+		}
+	}
 	var echKeyPath string
 	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
 		err = parseECHServerConfig(ctx, options, tlsConfig, &echKeyPath)
@@ -285,19 +358,32 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.Inbound
 		}
 	}
 	serverConfig := &STDServerConfig{
-		config:          tlsConfig,
-		logger:          logger,
-		acmeService:     acmeService,
-		certificate:     certificate,
-		key:             key,
-		certificatePath: options.CertificatePath,
-		keyPath:         options.KeyPath,
-		echKeyPath:      echKeyPath,
+		config:                tlsConfig,
+		logger:                logger,
+		acmeService:           acmeService,
+		certificate:           certificate,
+		key:                   key,
+		certificatePath:       options.CertificatePath,
+		clientCertificatePath: options.ClientCertificatePath,
+		keyPath:               options.KeyPath,
+		echKeyPath:            echKeyPath,
 	}
 	serverConfig.config.GetConfigForClient = func(info *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Config, error) {
 		serverConfig.access.Lock()
 		defer serverConfig.access.Unlock()
 		return serverConfig.config, nil
 	}
-	return serverConfig, nil
+	var config ServerConfig = serverConfig
+	if options.KernelTx || options.KernelRx {
+		if !C.IsLinux {
+			return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
+		}
+		config = &KTlSServerConfig{
+			ServerConfig: config,
+			logger:       logger,
+			kernelTx:     options.KernelTx,
+			kernelRx:     options.KernelRx,
+		}
+	}
+	return config, nil
 }
--- a/common/tls/utls_client.go
+++ b/common/tls/utls_client.go
@@ -14,8 +14,11 @@ import (

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tlsfragment"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"

 	utls "github.com/metacubex/utls"
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ func (c *UTLSClientConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config.NextProtos = nextProto
 }

-func (c *UTLSClientConfig) Config() (*STDConfig, error) {
+func (c *UTLSClientConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return nil, E.New("unsupported usage for uTLS")
 }

@@ -139,7 +142,7 @@ func (c *utlsALPNWrapper) HandshakeContext(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return c.UConn.HandshakeContext(ctx)
 }

-func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
 	var serverName string
 	if options.ServerName != "" {
 		serverName = options.ServerName
@@ -164,6 +167,15 @@ func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.Out
 		}
 		tlsConfig.InsecureServerNameToVerify = serverName
 	}
+	if len(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256) > 0 {
+		if len(options.Certificate) > 0 || options.CertificatePath != "" {
+			return nil, E.New("certificate_public_key_sha256 is conflict with certificate or certificate_path")
+		}
+		tlsConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = true
+		tlsConfig.VerifyPeerCertificate = func(rawCerts [][]byte, verifiedChains [][]*x509.Certificate) error {
+			return verifyPublicKeySHA256(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256, rawCerts, tlsConfig.Time)
+		}
+	}
 	if len(options.ALPN) > 0 {
 		tlsConfig.NextProtos = options.ALPN
 	}
@@ -210,19 +222,61 @@ func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.Out
 		}
 		tlsConfig.RootCAs = certPool
 	}
+	var clientCertificate []byte
+	if len(options.ClientCertificate) > 0 {
+		clientCertificate = []byte(strings.Join(options.ClientCertificate, "\n"))
+	} else if options.ClientCertificatePath != "" {
+		content, err := os.ReadFile(options.ClientCertificatePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "read client certificate")
+		}
+		clientCertificate = content
+	}
+	var clientKey []byte
+	if len(options.ClientKey) > 0 {
+		clientKey = []byte(strings.Join(options.ClientKey, "\n"))
+	} else if options.ClientKeyPath != "" {
+		content, err := os.ReadFile(options.ClientKeyPath)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "read client key")
+		}
+		clientKey = content
+	}
+	if len(clientCertificate) > 0 && len(clientKey) > 0 {
+		keyPair, err := utls.X509KeyPair(clientCertificate, clientKey)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "parse client x509 key pair")
+		}
+		tlsConfig.Certificates = []utls.Certificate{keyPair}
+	} else if len(clientCertificate) > 0 || len(clientKey) > 0 {
+		return nil, E.New("client certificate and client key must be provided together")
+	}
 	id, err := uTLSClientHelloID(options.UTLS.Fingerprint)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	uConfig := &UTLSClientConfig{ctx, &tlsConfig, id, options.Fragment, time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay), options.RecordFragment}
+	var config Config = &UTLSClientConfig{ctx, &tlsConfig, id, options.Fragment, time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay), options.RecordFragment}
 	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
 		if options.Reality != nil && options.Reality.Enabled {
 			return nil, E.New("Reality is conflict with ECH")
 		}
-		return parseECHClientConfig(ctx, uConfig, options)
-	} else {
-		return uConfig, nil
+		config, err = parseECHClientConfig(ctx, config.(ECHCapableConfig), options)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 	}
+	if (options.KernelRx || options.KernelTx) && !common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Reality).Enabled {
+		if !C.IsLinux {
+			return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
+		}
+		config = &KTLSClientConfig{
+			Config:   config,
+			logger:   logger,
+			kernelTx: options.KernelTx,
+			kernelRx: options.KernelRx,
+		}
+	}
+	return config, nil
 }

 var (
--- a/common/tls/utls_stub.go
+++ b/common/tls/utls_stub.go
@@ -8,13 +8,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 )

-func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
 	return nil, E.New(`uTLS is not included in this build, rebuild with -tags with_utls`)
 }

-func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
 	return nil, E.New(`uTLS, which is required by reality is not included in this build, rebuild with -tags with_utls`)
 }

--- a/common/urltest/urltest.go
+++ b/common/urltest/urltest.go
@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ func URLTest(ctx context.Context, link string, detour N.Dialer) (t uint16, err e
 		return
 	}
 	defer instance.Close()
-	if earlyConn, isEarlyConn := common.Cast[N.EarlyConn](instance); isEarlyConn && earlyConn.NeedHandshake() {
+	if N.NeedHandshakeForWrite(instance) {
 		start = time.Now()
 	}
 	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodHead, link, nil)
--- a/constant/proxy.go
+++ b/constant/proxy.go
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ const (
 	TypeDERP         = "derp"
 	TypeResolved     = "resolved"
 	TypeSSMAPI       = "ssm-api"
+	TypeCCM          = "ccm"
 )

 const (
--- a/constant/rule.go
+++ b/constant/rule.go
@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ const (
 	RuleSetVersion1 = 1 + iota
 	RuleSetVersion2
 	RuleSetVersion3
-	RuleSetVersionCurrent = RuleSetVersion3
+	RuleSetVersion4
+	RuleSetVersionCurrent = RuleSetVersion4
 )

 const (
@@ -39,4 +40,5 @@ const (
 const (
 	RuleActionRejectMethodDefault = "default"
 	RuleActionRejectMethodDrop    = "drop"
+	RuleActionRejectMethodReply   = "reply"
 )
--- a/dns/transport/https.go
+++ b/dns/transport/https.go
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ func NewHTTPS(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options
 	}
 	tlsOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.TLS)
 	tlsOptions.Enabled = true
-	tlsConfig, err := tls.NewClient(ctx, options.Server, tlsOptions)
+	tlsConfig, err := tls.NewClient(ctx, logger, options.Server, tlsOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
--- a/dns/transport/local/local.go
+++ b/dns/transport/local/local.go
@@ -1,34 +1,37 @@
+//go:build !darwin
+
 package local

 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"math/rand"
-	"syscall"
-	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport/hosts"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"

 	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
 )

+func RegisterTransport(registry *dns.TransportRegistry) {
+	dns.RegisterTransport[option.LocalDNSServerOptions](registry, C.DNSTypeLocal, NewTransport)
+}
+
 var _ adapter.DNSTransport = (*Transport)(nil)

 type Transport struct {
 	dns.TransportAdapter
-	ctx    context.Context
-	hosts  *hosts.File
-	dialer N.Dialer
+	ctx      context.Context
+	logger   logger.ContextLogger
+	hosts    *hosts.File
+	dialer   N.Dialer
+	preferGo bool
+	resolved ResolvedResolver
 }

 func NewTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.LocalDNSServerOptions) (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
@@ -39,20 +42,47 @@ func NewTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, opt
 	return &Transport{
 		TransportAdapter: dns.NewTransportAdapterWithLocalOptions(C.DNSTypeLocal, tag, options),
 		ctx:              ctx,
+		logger:           logger,
 		hosts:            hosts.NewFile(hosts.DefaultPath),
 		dialer:           transportDialer,
+		preferGo:         options.PreferGo,
 	}, nil
 }

 func (t *Transport) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
+	switch stage {
+	case adapter.StartStateInitialize:
+		if !t.preferGo {
+			if isSystemdResolvedManaged() {
+				resolvedResolver, err := NewResolvedResolver(t.ctx, t.logger)
+				if err == nil {
+					err = resolvedResolver.Start()
+					if err == nil {
+						t.resolved = resolvedResolver
+					} else {
+						t.logger.Warn(E.Cause(err, "initialize resolved resolver"))
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	return nil
 }

 func (t *Transport) Close() error {
+	if t.resolved != nil {
+		return t.resolved.Close()
+	}
 	return nil
 }

 func (t *Transport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	if t.resolved != nil {
+		resolverObject := t.resolved.Object()
+		if resolverObject != nil {
+			return t.resolved.Exchange(resolverObject, ctx, message)
+		}
+	}
 	question := message.Question[0]
 	if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA {
 		addresses := t.hosts.Lookup(dns.FqdnToDomain(question.Name))
@@ -60,174 +90,5 @@ func (t *Transport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg,
 			return dns.FixedResponse(message.Id, question, addresses, C.DefaultDNSTTL), nil
 		}
 	}
-	systemConfig := getSystemDNSConfig(t.ctx)
-	if systemConfig.singleRequest || !(message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA) {
-		return t.exchangeSingleRequest(ctx, systemConfig, message, question.Name)
-	} else {
-		return t.exchangeParallel(ctx, systemConfig, message, question.Name)
-	}
-}
-
-func (t *Transport) exchangeSingleRequest(ctx context.Context, systemConfig *dnsConfig, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	var lastErr error
-	for _, fqdn := range systemConfig.nameList(domain) {
-		response, err := t.tryOneName(ctx, systemConfig, fqdn, message)
-		if err != nil {
-			lastErr = err
-			continue
-		}
-		return response, nil
-	}
-	return nil, lastErr
-}
-
-func (t *Transport) exchangeParallel(ctx context.Context, systemConfig *dnsConfig, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	returned := make(chan struct{})
-	defer close(returned)
-	type queryResult struct {
-		response *mDNS.Msg
-		err      error
-	}
-	results := make(chan queryResult)
-	startRacer := func(ctx context.Context, fqdn string) {
-		response, err := t.tryOneName(ctx, systemConfig, fqdn, message)
-		if err == nil {
-			if response.Rcode != mDNS.RcodeSuccess {
-				err = dns.RcodeError(response.Rcode)
-			} else if len(dns.MessageToAddresses(response)) == 0 {
-				err = dns.RcodeSuccess
-			}
-		}
-		select {
-		case results <- queryResult{response, err}:
-		case <-returned:
-		}
-	}
-	queryCtx, queryCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	defer queryCancel()
-	var nameCount int
-	for _, fqdn := range systemConfig.nameList(domain) {
-		nameCount++
-		go startRacer(queryCtx, fqdn)
-	}
-	var errors []error
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return nil, ctx.Err()
-		case result := <-results:
-			if result.err == nil {
-				return result.response, nil
-			}
-			errors = append(errors, result.err)
-			if len(errors) == nameCount {
-				return nil, E.Errors(errors...)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (t *Transport) tryOneName(ctx context.Context, config *dnsConfig, fqdn string, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	serverOffset := config.serverOffset()
-	sLen := uint32(len(config.servers))
-	var lastErr error
-	for i := 0; i < config.attempts; i++ {
-		for j := uint32(0); j < sLen; j++ {
-			server := config.servers[(serverOffset+j)%sLen]
-			question := message.Question[0]
-			question.Name = fqdn
-			response, err := t.exchangeOne(ctx, M.ParseSocksaddr(server), question, config.timeout, config.useTCP, config.trustAD)
-			if err != nil {
-				lastErr = err
-				continue
-			}
-			return response, nil
-		}
-	}
-	return nil, E.Cause(lastErr, fqdn)
-}
-
-func (t *Transport) exchangeOne(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, question mDNS.Question, timeout time.Duration, useTCP, ad bool) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	if server.Port == 0 {
-		server.Port = 53
-	}
-	request := &mDNS.Msg{
-		MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
-			Id:                uint16(rand.Uint32()),
-			RecursionDesired:  true,
-			AuthenticatedData: ad,
-		},
-		Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
-		Compress: true,
-	}
-	request.SetEdns0(buf.UDPBufferSize, false)
-	if !useTCP {
-		return t.exchangeUDP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
-	} else {
-		return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
-	}
-}
-
-func (t *Transport) exchangeUDP(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, request *mDNS.Msg, timeout time.Duration) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	conn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, server)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer conn.Close()
-	if deadline, loaded := ctx.Deadline(); loaded && !deadline.IsZero() {
-		newDeadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
-		if deadline.After(newDeadline) {
-			deadline = newDeadline
-		}
-		conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
-	}
-	buffer := buf.Get(buf.UDPBufferSize)
-	defer buf.Put(buffer)
-	rawMessage, err := request.PackBuffer(buffer)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "pack request")
-	}
-	_, err = conn.Write(rawMessage)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, syscall.EMSGSIZE) {
-			return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
-		}
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "write request")
-	}
-	n, err := conn.Read(buffer)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, syscall.EMSGSIZE) {
-			return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
-		}
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "read response")
-	}
-	var response mDNS.Msg
-	err = response.Unpack(buffer[:n])
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "unpack response")
-	}
-	if response.Truncated {
-		return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
-	}
-	return &response, nil
-}
-
-func (t *Transport) exchangeTCP(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, request *mDNS.Msg, timeout time.Duration) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	conn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, server)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer conn.Close()
-	if deadline, loaded := ctx.Deadline(); loaded && !deadline.IsZero() {
-		newDeadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
-		if deadline.After(newDeadline) {
-			deadline = newDeadline
-		}
-		conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
-	}
-	err = transport.WriteMessage(conn, 0, request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return transport.ReadMessage(conn)
+	return t.exchange(ctx, message, question.Name)
 }
--- a/dns/transport/local/local_darwin.go
+++ b/dns/transport/local/local_darwin.go
@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+//go:build darwin
+
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport/hosts"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
+
+	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
+)
+
+func RegisterTransport(registry *dns.TransportRegistry) {
+	dns.RegisterTransport[option.LocalDNSServerOptions](registry, C.DNSTypeLocal, NewTransport)
+}
+
+var _ adapter.DNSTransport = (*Transport)(nil)
+
+type Transport struct {
+	dns.TransportAdapter
+	ctx           context.Context
+	logger        logger.ContextLogger
+	hosts         *hosts.File
+	dialer        N.Dialer
+	preferGo      bool
+	fallback      bool
+	dhcpTransport dhcpTransport
+	resolver      net.Resolver
+}
+
+type dhcpTransport interface {
+	adapter.DNSTransport
+	Fetch() ([]M.Socksaddr, error)
+	Exchange0(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, servers []M.Socksaddr) (*mDNS.Msg, error)
+}
+
+func NewTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.LocalDNSServerOptions) (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
+	transportDialer, err := dns.NewLocalDialer(ctx, options)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	transportAdapter := dns.NewTransportAdapterWithLocalOptions(C.DNSTypeLocal, tag, options)
+	return &Transport{
+		TransportAdapter: transportAdapter,
+		ctx:              ctx,
+		logger:           logger,
+		hosts:            hosts.NewFile(hosts.DefaultPath),
+		dialer:           transportDialer,
+		preferGo:         options.PreferGo,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
+	if stage != adapter.StartStateStart {
+		return nil
+	}
+	inboundManager := service.FromContext[adapter.InboundManager](t.ctx)
+	for _, inbound := range inboundManager.Inbounds() {
+		if inbound.Type() == C.TypeTun {
+			t.fallback = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !C.IsIos {
+		if t.fallback {
+			t.dhcpTransport = newDHCPTransport(t.TransportAdapter, log.ContextWithOverrideLevel(t.ctx, log.LevelDebug), t.dialer, t.logger)
+			if t.dhcpTransport != nil {
+				err := t.dhcpTransport.Start(stage)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) Close() error {
+	return common.Close(
+		t.dhcpTransport,
+	)
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	question := message.Question[0]
+	if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA {
+		addresses := t.hosts.Lookup(dns.FqdnToDomain(question.Name))
+		if len(addresses) > 0 {
+			return dns.FixedResponse(message.Id, question, addresses, C.DefaultDNSTTL), nil
+		}
+	}
+	if !t.fallback {
+		return t.exchange(ctx, message, question.Name)
+	}
+	if !C.IsIos {
+		if t.dhcpTransport != nil {
+			dhcpTransports, _ := t.dhcpTransport.Fetch()
+			if len(dhcpTransports) > 0 {
+				return t.dhcpTransport.Exchange0(ctx, message, dhcpTransports)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if t.preferGo {
+		// Assuming the user knows what they are doing, we still execute the query which will fail.
+		return t.exchange(ctx, message, question.Name)
+	}
+	if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA {
+		var network string
+		if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA {
+			network = "ip4"
+		} else {
+			network = "ip6"
+		}
+		addresses, err := t.resolver.LookupNetIP(ctx, network, question.Name)
+		if err != nil {
+			var dnsError *net.DNSError
+			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
+				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
+			}
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return dns.FixedResponse(message.Id, question, addresses, C.DefaultDNSTTL), nil
+	}
+	if C.IsIos {
+		return nil, E.New("only A and AAAA queries are supported on iOS and tvOS when using NetworkExtension.")
+	} else {
+		return nil, E.New("only A and AAAA queries are supported on macOS when using NetworkExtension and DHCP unavailable.")
+	}
+}
--- a/dns/transport/local/local_darwin_dhcp.go
+++ b/dns/transport/local/local_darwin_dhcp.go
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//go:build darwin && with_dhcp
+
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport/dhcp"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func newDHCPTransport(transportAdapter dns.TransportAdapter, ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, logger log.ContextLogger) dhcpTransport {
+	return dhcp.NewRawTransport(transportAdapter, ctx, dialer, logger)
+}
--- a/dns/transport/local/local_darwin_nodhcp.go
+++ b/dns/transport/local/local_darwin_nodhcp.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build darwin && !with_dhcp
+
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func newDHCPTransport(transportAdapter dns.TransportAdapter, ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, logger log.ContextLogger) dhcpTransport {
+	return nil
+}
--- a/dns/transport/local/local_fallback.go
+++ b/dns/transport/local/local_fallback.go
@@ -1,204 +0,0 @@
-package local
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/libbox/platform"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
-
-	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
-)
-
-func RegisterTransport(registry *dns.TransportRegistry) {
-	dns.RegisterTransport[option.LocalDNSServerOptions](registry, C.DNSTypeLocal, NewFallbackTransport)
-}
-
-type FallbackTransport struct {
-	adapter.DNSTransport
-	ctx      context.Context
-	fallback bool
-	resolver net.Resolver
-}
-
-func NewFallbackTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.LocalDNSServerOptions) (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
-	transport, err := NewTransport(ctx, logger, tag, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return &FallbackTransport{
-		DNSTransport: transport,
-		ctx:          ctx,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (f *FallbackTransport) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
-	if stage != adapter.StartStateStart {
-		return nil
-	}
-	platformInterface := service.FromContext[platform.Interface](f.ctx)
-	if platformInterface == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	inboundManager := service.FromContext[adapter.InboundManager](f.ctx)
-	for _, inbound := range inboundManager.Inbounds() {
-		if inbound.Type() == C.TypeTun {
-			// platform tun hijacks DNS, so we can only use cgo resolver here
-			f.fallback = true
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (f *FallbackTransport) Close() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (f *FallbackTransport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	if !f.fallback {
-		return f.DNSTransport.Exchange(ctx, message)
-	}
-	question := message.Question[0]
-	if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA {
-		var network string
-		if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA {
-			network = "ip4"
-		} else {
-			network = "ip6"
-		}
-		addresses, err := f.resolver.LookupNetIP(ctx, network, question.Name)
-		if err != nil {
-			var dnsError *net.DNSError
-			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
-				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return dns.FixedResponse(message.Id, question, addresses, C.DefaultDNSTTL), nil
-	} else if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeNS {
-		records, err := f.resolver.LookupNS(ctx, question.Name)
-		if err != nil {
-			var dnsError *net.DNSError
-			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
-				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		response := &mDNS.Msg{
-			MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
-				Id:       message.Id,
-				Rcode:    mDNS.RcodeSuccess,
-				Response: true,
-			},
-			Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
-		}
-		for _, record := range records {
-			response.Answer = append(response.Answer, &mDNS.NS{
-				Hdr: mDNS.RR_Header{
-					Name:   question.Name,
-					Rrtype: mDNS.TypeNS,
-					Class:  mDNS.ClassINET,
-					Ttl:    C.DefaultDNSTTL,
-				},
-				Ns: record.Host,
-			})
-		}
-		return response, nil
-	} else if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeCNAME {
-		cname, err := f.resolver.LookupCNAME(ctx, question.Name)
-		if err != nil {
-			var dnsError *net.DNSError
-			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
-				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return &mDNS.Msg{
-			MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
-				Id:       message.Id,
-				Rcode:    mDNS.RcodeSuccess,
-				Response: true,
-			},
-			Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
-			Answer: []mDNS.RR{
-				&mDNS.CNAME{
-					Hdr: mDNS.RR_Header{
-						Name:   question.Name,
-						Rrtype: mDNS.TypeCNAME,
-						Class:  mDNS.ClassINET,
-						Ttl:    C.DefaultDNSTTL,
-					},
-					Target: cname,
-				},
-			},
-		}, nil
-	} else if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeTXT {
-		records, err := f.resolver.LookupTXT(ctx, question.Name)
-		if err != nil {
-			var dnsError *net.DNSError
-			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
-				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return &mDNS.Msg{
-			MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
-				Id:       message.Id,
-				Rcode:    mDNS.RcodeSuccess,
-				Response: true,
-			},
-			Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
-			Answer: []mDNS.RR{
-				&mDNS.TXT{
-					Hdr: mDNS.RR_Header{
-						Name:   question.Name,
-						Rrtype: mDNS.TypeCNAME,
-						Class:  mDNS.ClassINET,
-						Ttl:    C.DefaultDNSTTL,
-					},
-					Txt: records,
-				},
-			},
-		}, nil
-	} else if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeMX {
-		records, err := f.resolver.LookupMX(ctx, question.Name)
-		if err != nil {
-			var dnsError *net.DNSError
-			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
-				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		response := &mDNS.Msg{
-			MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
-				Id:       message.Id,
-				Rcode:    mDNS.RcodeSuccess,
-				Response: true,
-			},
-			Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
-		}
-		for _, record := range records {
-			response.Answer = append(response.Answer, &mDNS.MX{
-				Hdr: mDNS.RR_Header{
-					Name:   question.Name,
-					Rrtype: mDNS.TypeA,
-					Class:  mDNS.ClassINET,
-					Ttl:    C.DefaultDNSTTL,
-				},
-				Preference: record.Pref,
-				Mx:         record.Host,
-			})
-		}
-		return response, nil
-	} else {
-		return nil, E.New("only A, AAAA, NS, CNAME, TXT, MX queries are supported on current platform when using TUN, please switch to a fixed DNS server.")
-	}
-}
--- a/dns/transport/local/local_resolved.go
+++ b/dns/transport/local/local_resolved.go
@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
+)
+
+type ResolvedResolver interface {
+	Start() error
+	Close() error
+	Object() any
+	Exchange(object any, ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error)
+}
--- a/dns/transport/local/local_resolved_linux.go
+++ b/dns/transport/local/local_resolved_linux.go
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+package local
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/service/resolved"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
+
+	"github.com/godbus/dbus/v5"
+	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
+)
+
+func isSystemdResolvedManaged() bool {
+	resolvContent, err := os.Open("/etc/resolv.conf")
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	defer resolvContent.Close()
+	scanner := bufio.NewScanner(resolvContent)
+	for scanner.Scan() {
+		line := strings.TrimSpace(scanner.Text())
+		if line == "" || line[0] != '#' {
+			return false
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(line, "systemd-resolved") {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+type DBusResolvedResolver struct {
+	ctx               context.Context
+	logger            logger.ContextLogger
+	interfaceMonitor  tun.DefaultInterfaceMonitor
+	interfaceCallback *list.Element[tun.DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback]
+	systemBus         *dbus.Conn
+	resoledObject     atomic.Pointer[ResolvedObject]
+	closeOnce         sync.Once
+}
+
+type ResolvedObject struct {
+	dbus.BusObject
+	InterfaceIndex int32
+}
+
+func NewResolvedResolver(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger) (ResolvedResolver, error) {
+	interfaceMonitor := service.FromContext[adapter.NetworkManager](ctx).InterfaceMonitor()
+	if interfaceMonitor == nil {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	systemBus, err := dbus.SystemBus()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &DBusResolvedResolver{
+		ctx:              ctx,
+		logger:           logger,
+		interfaceMonitor: interfaceMonitor,
+		systemBus:        systemBus,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) Start() error {
+	t.updateStatus()
+	t.interfaceCallback = t.interfaceMonitor.RegisterCallback(t.updateDefaultInterface)
+	err := t.systemBus.BusObject().AddMatchSignal(
+		"org.freedesktop.DBus",
+		"NameOwnerChanged",
+		dbus.WithMatchSender("org.freedesktop.DBus"),
+		dbus.WithMatchArg(0, "org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager"),
+	).Err
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "configure resolved restart listener")
+	}
+	go t.loopUpdateStatus()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) Close() error {
+	t.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		if t.interfaceCallback != nil {
+			t.interfaceMonitor.UnregisterCallback(t.interfaceCallback)
+		}
+		if t.systemBus != nil {
+			_ = t.systemBus.Close()
+		}
+	})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) Object() any {
+	return common.PtrOrNil(t.resoledObject.Load())
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) Exchange(object any, ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	question := message.Question[0]
+	resolvedObject := object.(*ResolvedObject)
+	call := resolvedObject.CallWithContext(
+		ctx,
+		"org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager.ResolveRecord",
+		0,
+		resolvedObject.InterfaceIndex,
+		question.Name,
+		question.Qclass,
+		question.Qtype,
+		uint64(0),
+	)
+	if call.Err != nil {
+		var dbusError dbus.Error
+		if errors.As(call.Err, &dbusError) && dbusError.Name == "org.freedesktop.resolve1.NoNameServers" {
+			t.updateStatus()
+		}
+		return nil, E.Cause(call.Err, " resolve record via resolved")
+	}
+	var (
+		records  []resolved.ResourceRecord
+		outflags uint64
+	)
+	err := call.Store(&records, &outflags)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	response := &mDNS.Msg{
+		MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
+			Id:                 message.Id,
+			Response:           true,
+			Authoritative:      true,
+			RecursionDesired:   true,
+			RecursionAvailable: true,
+			Rcode:              mDNS.RcodeSuccess,
+		},
+		Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
+	}
+	for _, record := range records {
+		var rr mDNS.RR
+		rr, _, err = mDNS.UnpackRR(record.Data, 0)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "unpack resource record")
+		}
+		response.Answer = append(response.Answer, rr)
+	}
+	return response, nil
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) loopUpdateStatus() {
+	signalChan := make(chan *dbus.Signal, 1)
+	t.systemBus.Signal(signalChan)
+	for signal := range signalChan {
+		var restarted bool
+		if signal.Name == "org.freedesktop.DBus.NameOwnerChanged" {
+			if len(signal.Body) != 3 || signal.Body[2].(string) == "" {
+				continue
+			} else {
+				restarted = true
+			}
+		}
+		if restarted {
+			t.updateStatus()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) updateStatus() {
+	dbusObject, err := t.checkResolved(context.Background())
+	oldValue := t.resoledObject.Swap(dbusObject)
+	if err != nil {
+		var dbusErr dbus.Error
+		if !errors.As(err, &dbusErr) || dbusErr.Name != "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwnerCould" {
+			t.logger.Debug(E.Cause(err, "systemd-resolved service unavailable"))
+		}
+		if oldValue != nil {
+			t.logger.Debug("systemd-resolved service is gone")
+		}
+		return
+	} else if oldValue == nil {
+		t.logger.Debug("using systemd-resolved service as resolver")
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) checkResolved(ctx context.Context) (*ResolvedObject, error) {
+	dbusObject := t.systemBus.Object("org.freedesktop.resolve1", "/org/freedesktop/resolve1")
+	err := dbusObject.Call("org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer.Ping", 0).Err
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defaultInterface := t.interfaceMonitor.DefaultInterface()
+	if defaultInterface == nil {
+		return nil, E.New("missing default interface")
+	}
+	call := dbusObject.(*dbus.Object).CallWithContext(
+		ctx,
+		"org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager.GetLink",
+		0,
+		int32(defaultInterface.Index),
+	)
+	if call.Err != nil {
+		return nil, call.Err
+	}
+	var linkPath dbus.ObjectPath
+	err = call.Store(&linkPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	linkObject := t.systemBus.Object("org.freedesktop.resolve1", linkPath)
+	if linkObject == nil {
+		return nil, E.New("missing link object for default interface")
+	}
+	dnsProp, err := linkObject.GetProperty("org.freedesktop.resolve1.Link.DNS")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var linkDNS []resolved.LinkDNS
+	err = dnsProp.Store(&linkDNS)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(linkDNS) == 0 {
+		for _, inbound := range service.FromContext[adapter.InboundManager](t.ctx).Inbounds() {
+			if inbound.Type() == C.TypeTun {
+				return nil, E.New("No appropriate name servers or networks for name found")
+			}
+		}
+		return nil, E.New("link has no DNS servers configured")
+	}
+	return &ResolvedObject{
+		BusObject:      dbusObject,
+		InterfaceIndex: int32(defaultInterface.Index),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) updateDefaultInterface(defaultInterface *control.Interface, flags int) {
+	t.updateStatus()
+}
--- a/dns/transport/local/local_resolved_stub.go
+++ b/dns/transport/local/local_resolved_stub.go
@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+)
+
+func isSystemdResolvedManaged() bool {
+	return false
+}
+
+func NewResolvedResolver(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger) (ResolvedResolver, error) {
+	return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+}
--- a/dns/transport/local/local_shared.go
+++ b/dns/transport/local/local_shared.go
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"math/rand"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+
+	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
+)
+
+func (t *Transport) exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	systemConfig := getSystemDNSConfig(t.ctx)
+	if systemConfig.singleRequest || !(message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA) {
+		return t.exchangeSingleRequest(ctx, systemConfig, message, domain)
+	} else {
+		return t.exchangeParallel(ctx, systemConfig, message, domain)
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeSingleRequest(ctx context.Context, systemConfig *dnsConfig, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	var lastErr error
+	for _, fqdn := range systemConfig.nameList(domain) {
+		response, err := t.tryOneName(ctx, systemConfig, fqdn, message)
+		if err != nil {
+			lastErr = err
+			continue
+		}
+		return response, nil
+	}
+	return nil, lastErr
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeParallel(ctx context.Context, systemConfig *dnsConfig, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	returned := make(chan struct{})
+	defer close(returned)
+	type queryResult struct {
+		response *mDNS.Msg
+		err      error
+	}
+	results := make(chan queryResult)
+	startRacer := func(ctx context.Context, fqdn string) {
+		response, err := t.tryOneName(ctx, systemConfig, fqdn, message)
+		if err == nil {
+			if response.Rcode != mDNS.RcodeSuccess {
+				err = dns.RcodeError(response.Rcode)
+			} else if len(dns.MessageToAddresses(response)) == 0 {
+				err = E.New(fqdn, ": empty result")
+			}
+		}
+		select {
+		case results <- queryResult{response, err}:
+		case <-returned:
+		}
+	}
+	queryCtx, queryCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer queryCancel()
+	var nameCount int
+	for _, fqdn := range systemConfig.nameList(domain) {
+		nameCount++
+		go startRacer(queryCtx, fqdn)
+	}
+	var errors []error
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		case result := <-results:
+			if result.err == nil {
+				return result.response, nil
+			}
+			errors = append(errors, result.err)
+			if len(errors) == nameCount {
+				return nil, E.Errors(errors...)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) tryOneName(ctx context.Context, config *dnsConfig, fqdn string, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	serverOffset := config.serverOffset()
+	sLen := uint32(len(config.servers))
+	var lastErr error
+	for i := 0; i < config.attempts; i++ {
+		for j := uint32(0); j < sLen; j++ {
+			server := config.servers[(serverOffset+j)%sLen]
+			question := message.Question[0]
+			question.Name = fqdn
+			response, err := t.exchangeOne(ctx, M.ParseSocksaddr(server), question, config.timeout, config.useTCP, config.trustAD)
+			if err != nil {
+				lastErr = err
+				continue
+			}
+			return response, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, E.Cause(lastErr, fqdn)
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeOne(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, question mDNS.Question, timeout time.Duration, useTCP, ad bool) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	if server.Port == 0 {
+		server.Port = 53
+	}
+	request := &mDNS.Msg{
+		MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
+			Id:                uint16(rand.Uint32()),
+			RecursionDesired:  true,
+			AuthenticatedData: ad,
+		},
+		Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
+		Compress: true,
+	}
+	request.SetEdns0(buf.UDPBufferSize, false)
+	if !useTCP {
+		return t.exchangeUDP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
+	} else {
+		return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeUDP(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, request *mDNS.Msg, timeout time.Duration) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	conn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, server)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	if deadline, loaded := ctx.Deadline(); loaded && !deadline.IsZero() {
+		newDeadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
+		if deadline.After(newDeadline) {
+			deadline = newDeadline
+		}
+		conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
+	}
+	buffer := buf.Get(buf.UDPBufferSize)
+	defer buf.Put(buffer)
+	rawMessage, err := request.PackBuffer(buffer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "pack request")
+	}
+	_, err = conn.Write(rawMessage)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, syscall.EMSGSIZE) {
+			return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
+		}
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "write request")
+	}
+	n, err := conn.Read(buffer)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, syscall.EMSGSIZE) {
+			return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
+		}
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "read response")
+	}
+	var response mDNS.Msg
+	err = response.Unpack(buffer[:n])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "unpack response")
+	}
+	if response.Truncated {
+		return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
+	}
+	return &response, nil
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeTCP(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, request *mDNS.Msg, timeout time.Duration) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	conn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, server)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	if deadline, loaded := ctx.Deadline(); loaded && !deadline.IsZero() {
+		newDeadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
+		if deadline.After(newDeadline) {
+			deadline = newDeadline
+		}
+		conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
+	}
+	err = transport.WriteMessage(conn, 0, request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return transport.ReadMessage(conn)
+}
--- a/dns/transport/local/resolv_darwin_cgo.go
+++ b/dns/transport/local/resolv_darwin_cgo.go
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-//go:build darwin && cgo
-
-package local
-
-/*
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <resolv.h>
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-*/
-import "C"
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"time"
-
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-
-	"github.com/miekg/dns"
-)
-
-func dnsReadConfig(_ context.Context, _ string) *dnsConfig {
-	var state C.struct___res_state
-	if C.res_ninit(&state) != 0 {
-		return &dnsConfig{
-			servers:  defaultNS,
-			search:   dnsDefaultSearch(),
-			ndots:    1,
-			timeout:  5 * time.Second,
-			attempts: 2,
-			err:      E.New("libresolv initialization failed"),
-		}
-	}
-	conf := &dnsConfig{
-		ndots:    1,
-		timeout:  5 * time.Second,
-		attempts: int(state.retry),
-	}
-	for i := 0; i < int(state.nscount); i++ {
-		ns := state.nsaddr_list[i]
-		addr := C.inet_ntoa(ns.sin_addr)
-		if addr == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		conf.servers = append(conf.servers, C.GoString(addr))
-	}
-	for i := 0; ; i++ {
-		search := state.dnsrch[i]
-		if search == nil {
-			break
-		}
-		conf.search = append(conf.search, dns.Fqdn(C.GoString(search)))
-	}
-	return conf
-}
--- a/dns/transport/local/resolv_unix.go
+++ b/dns/transport/local/resolv_unix.go
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !windows && !(darwin && cgo)
+//go:build !windows

 package local

--- a/dns/transport/quic/http3.go
+++ b/dns/transport/quic/http3.go
@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ func NewHTTP3(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options
 	}
 	tlsOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.TLS)
 	tlsOptions.Enabled = true
-	tlsConfig, err := tls.NewClient(ctx, options.Server, tlsOptions)
+	tlsConfig, err := tls.NewClient(ctx, logger, options.Server, tlsOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	stdConfig, err := tlsConfig.Config()
+	stdConfig, err := tlsConfig.STDConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func NewHTTP3(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options
 		destination:      &destinationURL,
 		headers:          headers,
 		transport: &http3.Transport{
-			Dial: func(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsCfg *tls.STDConfig, cfg *quic.Config) (quic.EarlyConnection, error) {
+			Dial: func(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsCfg *tls.STDConfig, cfg *quic.Config) (*quic.Conn, error) {
 				conn, dialErr := transportDialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, serverAddr)
 				if dialErr != nil {
 					return nil, dialErr
--- a/dns/transport/quic/quic.go
+++ b/dns/transport/quic/quic.go
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ type Transport struct {
 	serverAddr M.Socksaddr
 	tlsConfig  tls.Config
 	access     sync.Mutex
-	connection quic.EarlyConnection
+	connection *quic.Conn
 }

 func NewQUIC(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.RemoteTLSDNSServerOptions) (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func NewQUIC(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options
 	}
 	tlsOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.TLS)
 	tlsOptions.Enabled = true
-	tlsConfig, err := tls.NewClient(ctx, options.Server, tlsOptions)
+	tlsConfig, err := tls.NewClient(ctx, logger, options.Server, tlsOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func (t *Transport) Close() error {

 func (t *Transport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
 	var (
-		conn     quic.Connection
+		conn     *quic.Conn
 		err      error
 		response *mDNS.Msg
 	)
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ func (t *Transport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg,
 	return nil, err
 }

-func (t *Transport) openConnection() (quic.EarlyConnection, error) {
+func (t *Transport) openConnection() (*quic.Conn, error) {
 	connection := t.connection
 	if connection != nil && !common.Done(connection.Context()) {
 		return connection, nil
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ func (t *Transport) openConnection() (quic.EarlyConnection, error) {
 	return earlyConnection, nil
 }

-func (t *Transport) exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, conn quic.Connection) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+func (t *Transport) exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, conn *quic.Conn) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
 	stream, err := conn.OpenStreamSync(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
--- a/dns/transport/tls.go
+++ b/dns/transport/tls.go
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func RegisterTLS(registry *dns.TransportRegistry) {
 type TLSTransport struct {
 	dns.TransportAdapter
 	logger      logger.ContextLogger
-	dialer      N.Dialer
+	dialer      tls.Dialer
 	serverAddr  M.Socksaddr
 	tlsConfig   tls.Config
 	access      sync.Mutex
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func NewTLS(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options o
 	}
 	tlsOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.TLS)
 	tlsOptions.Enabled = true
-	tlsConfig, err := tls.NewClient(ctx, options.Server, tlsOptions)
+	tlsConfig, err := tls.NewClient(ctx, logger, options.Server, tlsOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func NewTLSRaw(logger logger.ContextLogger, adapter dns.TransportAdapter, dialer
 	return &TLSTransport{
 		TransportAdapter: adapter,
 		logger:           logger,
-		dialer:           dialer,
+		dialer:           tls.NewDialer(dialer, tlsConfig),
 		serverAddr:       serverAddr,
 		tlsConfig:        tlsConfig,
 	}
@@ -100,15 +100,10 @@ func (t *TLSTransport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.M
 			return response, nil
 		}
 	}
-	tcpConn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, t.serverAddr)
+	tlsConn, err := t.dialer.DialTLSContext(ctx, t.serverAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	tlsConn, err := tls.ClientHandshake(ctx, tcpConn, t.tlsConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		tcpConn.Close()
-		return nil, err
-	}
 	return t.exchange(message, &tlsDNSConn{Conn: tlsConn})
 }

--- a/dns/transport_manager.go
+++ b/dns/transport_manager.go
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ type TransportManager struct {
 	transportByTag           map[string]adapter.DNSTransport
 	dependByTag              map[string][]string
 	defaultTransport         adapter.DNSTransport
-	defaultTransportFallback adapter.DNSTransport
+	defaultTransportFallback func() (adapter.DNSTransport, error)
 	fakeIPTransport          adapter.FakeIPTransport
 }

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func NewTransportManager(logger logger.ContextLogger, registry adapter.DNSTransp
 	}
 }

-func (m *TransportManager) Initialize(defaultTransportFallback adapter.DNSTransport) {
+func (m *TransportManager) Initialize(defaultTransportFallback func() (adapter.DNSTransport, error)) {
 	m.defaultTransportFallback = defaultTransportFallback
 }

@@ -56,14 +56,27 @@ func (m *TransportManager) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 	}
 	m.started = true
 	m.stage = stage
-	transports := m.transports
-	m.access.Unlock()
 	if stage == adapter.StartStateStart {
 		if m.defaultTag != "" && m.defaultTransport == nil {
+			m.access.Unlock()
 			return E.New("default DNS server not found: ", m.defaultTag)
 		}
-		return m.startTransports(m.transports)
+		if m.defaultTransport == nil {
+			defaultTransport, err := m.defaultTransportFallback()
+			if err != nil {
+				m.access.Unlock()
+				return E.Cause(err, "default DNS server fallback")
+			}
+			m.transports = append(m.transports, defaultTransport)
+			m.transportByTag[defaultTransport.Tag()] = defaultTransport
+			m.defaultTransport = defaultTransport
+		}
+		transports := m.transports
+		m.access.Unlock()
+		return m.startTransports(transports)
 	} else {
+		transports := m.transports
+		m.access.Unlock()
 		for _, outbound := range transports {
 			err := adapter.LegacyStart(outbound, stage)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -172,11 +185,7 @@ func (m *TransportManager) Transport(tag string) (adapter.DNSTransport, bool) {
 func (m *TransportManager) Default() adapter.DNSTransport {
 	m.access.RLock()
 	defer m.access.RUnlock()
-	if m.defaultTransport != nil {
-		return m.defaultTransport
-	} else {
-		return m.defaultTransportFallback
-	}
+	return m.defaultTransport
 }

 func (m *TransportManager) FakeIP() adapter.FakeIPTransport {
--- a/docs/changelog.md
+++ b/docs/changelog.md
@@ -2,10 +2,49 @@
 icon: material/alert-decagram
 ---

+#### 1.13.0-alpha.26
+
+* Update quic-go to v0.55.0
+* Fix memory leak in hysteria2
+* Fixes and improvements
+
 #### 1.12.11

 * Fixes and improvements

+#### 1.13.0-alpha.24
+
+* Add Claude Code Multiplexer service **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+CCM (Claude Code Multiplexer) service allows you to access your local Claude Code subscription remotely through custom tokens, eliminating the need for OAuth authentication on remote clients.
+
+See [CCM](/configuration/service/ccm).
+
+#### 1.13.0-alpha.23
+
+* Fix compatibility with MPTCP **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+`auto_redirect` now rejects MPTCP connections by default to fix compatibility issues,
+but you can change it to bypass the sing-box via the new `exclude_mptcp` option.
+
+See [TUN](/configuration/inbound/tun/#exclude_mptcp).
+
+#### 1.13.0-alpha.22
+
+* Update uTLS to v1.8.1 **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+This update fixes an critical issue that could cause simulated Chrome fingerprints to be detected,
+see https://github.com/refraction-networking/utls/pull/375.
+
 #### 1.12.10

 * Update uTLS to v1.8.1 **1**
@@ -16,18 +55,52 @@ icon: material/alert-decagram
 This update fixes an critical issue that could cause simulated Chrome fingerprints to be detected,
 see https://github.com/refraction-networking/utls/pull/375.

+#### 1.13.0-alpha.21
+
+* Fix missing mTLS support in client options **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+See [TLS](/configuration/shared/tls/).
+
 #### 1.12.9

 * Fixes and improvements

+#### 1.13.0-alpha.16
+
+* Add curve preferences, pinned public key SHA256 and mTLS for TLS options **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+See [TLS](/configuration/shared/tls/).
+
+#### 1.13.0-alpha.15
+
+* Update quic-go to v0.54.0
+* Update gVisor to v20250811
+* Update Tailscale to v1.86.5
+* Fixes and improvements
+
 #### 1.12.8

 * Fixes and improvements

+#### 1.13.0-alpha.11
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
 #### 1.12.5

 * Fixes and improvements

+#### 1.13.0-alpha.10
+
+* Improve kTLS support **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+kTLS is now compatible with custom TLS implementations other than uTLS.
+
 #### 1.12.4

 * Fixes and improvements
--- a/docs/configuration/certificate/index.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/certificate/index.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+---
+icon: material/new-box
+---
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.12.0 起"
+
+# 证书
+
+### 结构
+
+```json
+{
+  "store": "",
+  "certificate": [],
+  "certificate_path": [],
+  "certificate_directory_path": []
+}
+```
+
+!!! note ""
+
+    当内容只有一项时，可以忽略 JSON 数组 [] 标签
+
+### 字段
+
+#### store
+
+默认的 X509 受信任 CA 证书列表。
+
+| 类型                | 描述                                                                                       |
+|--------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `system`（默认）    | 系统受信任的 CA 证书                                                                        |
+| `mozilla`          | [Mozilla 包含列表](https://wiki.mozilla.org/CA/Included_Certificates)（已移除中国 CA 证书） |
+| `none`             | 空列表                                                                                     |
+
+#### certificate
+
+要信任的证书行数组，PEM 格式。
+
+#### certificate_path
+
+!!! note ""
+
+    文件修改时将自动重新加载。
+
+要信任的证书路径，PEM 格式。
+
+#### certificate_directory_path
+
+!!! note ""
+
+    文件修改时将自动重新加载。
+
+搜索要信任的证书的目录路径，PEM 格式。
--- a/docs/configuration/dns/rule.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/dns/rule.md
@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 icon: material/alert-decagram
 ---

+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+    :material-plus: [interface_address](#interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [network_interface_address](#network_interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [default_interface_address](#default_interface_address)
+
 !!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.12.0"

    :material-plus: [ip_accept_any](#ip_accept_any)  
@@ -130,6 +136,19 @@ icon: material/alert-decagram
        ],
        "network_is_expensive": false,
        "network_is_constrained": false,
+        "interface_address": {
+          "en0": [
+            "2000::/3"
+          ]
+        },
+        "network_interface_address": {
+          "wifi": [
+            "2000::/3"
+          ]
+        },
+        "default_interface_address": [
+          "2000::/3"
+        ],
        "wifi_ssid": [
          "My WIFI"
        ],
@@ -359,6 +378,36 @@ such as Cellular or a Personal Hotspot (on Apple platforms).

 Match if network is in Low Data Mode.

+#### interface_address
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    Only supported on Linux, Windows, and macOS.
+
+Match interface address.
+
+#### network_interface_address
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    Only supported in graphical clients on Android and Apple platforms.
+
+Matches network interface (same values as `network_type`) address.
+
+#### default_interface_address
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    Only supported on Linux, Windows, and macOS.
+
+Match default interface address.
+
 #### wifi_ssid

 !!! quote ""
--- a/docs/configuration/dns/rule.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/dns/rule.zh.md
@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 icon: material/alert-decagram
 ---

+!!! quote "sing-box 1.13.0 中的更改"
+
+    :material-plus: [interface_address](#interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [network_interface_address](#network_interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [default_interface_address](#default_interface_address)
+
 !!! quote "sing-box 1.12.0 中的更改"

    :material-plus: [ip_accept_any](#ip_accept_any)  
@@ -130,6 +136,19 @@ icon: material/alert-decagram
        ],
        "network_is_expensive": false,
        "network_is_constrained": false,
+        "interface_address": {
+          "en0": [
+            "2000::/3"
+          ]
+        },
+        "network_interface_address": {
+          "wifi": [
+            "2000::/3"
+          ]
+        },
+        "default_interface_address": [
+          "2000::/3"
+        ],
        "wifi_ssid": [
          "My WIFI"
        ],
@@ -358,6 +377,36 @@ Available values: `wifi`, `cellular`, `ethernet` and `other`.

 匹配如果网络在低数据模式下。

+#### interface_address
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    仅支持 Linux、Windows 和 macOS.
+
+匹配接口地址。
+
+#### network_interface_address
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    仅在 Android 与 Apple 平台图形客户端中支持。
+
+匹配网络接口（可用值同 `network_type`）地址。
+
+#### default_interface_address
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    仅支持 Linux、Windows 和 macOS.
+
+匹配默认接口地址。
+
 #### wifi_ssid

 !!! quote ""
--- a/docs/configuration/dns/server/dhcp.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/dns/server/dhcp.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+---
+icon: material/new-box
+---
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.12.0 起"
+
+# DHCP
+
+### 结构
+
+```json
+{
+  "dns": {
+    "servers": [
+      {
+        "type": "dhcp",
+        "tag": "",
+
+        "interface": "",
+
+        // 拨号字段
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 字段
+
+#### interface
+
+要监听的网络接口名称。
+
+默认使用默认接口。
+
+### 拨号字段
+
+参阅 [拨号字段](/zh/configuration/shared/dial/) 了解详情。
--- a/docs/configuration/dns/server/fakeip.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/dns/server/fakeip.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+icon: material/new-box
+---
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.12.0 起"
+
+# Fake IP
+
+### 结构
+
+```json
+{
+  "dns": {
+    "servers": [
+      {
+        "type": "fakeip",
+        "tag": "",
+
+        "inet4_range": "198.18.0.0/15",
+        "inet6_range": "fc00::/18"
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 字段
+
+#### inet4_range
+
+FakeIP 的 IPv4 地址范围。
+
+#### inet6_range
+
+FakeIP 的 IPv6 地址范围。
--- a/docs/configuration/dns/server/hosts.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/dns/server/hosts.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+---
+icon: material/new-box
+---
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.12.0 起"
+
+# Hosts
+
+### 结构
+
+```json
+{
+  "dns": {
+    "servers": [
+      {
+        "type": "hosts",
+        "tag": "",
+
+        "path": [],
+        "predefined": {}
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+!!! note ""
+
+    当内容只有一项时，可以忽略 JSON 数组 [] 标签
+
+### 字段
+
+#### path
+
+hosts 文件路径列表。
+
+默认使用 `/etc/hosts`。
+
+在 Windows 上默认使用 `C:\Windows\System32\Drivers\etc\hosts`。
+
+示例：
+
+```json
+{
+  // "path": "/etc/hosts"
+
+  "path": [
+    "/etc/hosts",
+    "$HOME/.hosts"
+  ]
+}
+```
+
+#### predefined
+
+预定义的 hosts。
+
+示例：
+
+```json
+{
+  "predefined": {
+    "www.google.com": "127.0.0.1",
+    "localhost": [
+      "127.0.0.1",
+      "::1"
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 示例
+
+=== "如果可用则使用 hosts"
+
+    ```json
+    {
+      "dns": {
+        "servers": [
+          {
+            ...
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "hosts",
+            "tag": "hosts"
+          }
+        ],
+        "rules": [
+          {
+            "ip_accept_any": true,
+            "server": "hosts"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+    ```
--- a/docs/configuration/dns/server/http3.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/dns/server/http3.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---
+icon: material/new-box
+---
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.12.0 起"
+
+# DNS over HTTP3 (DoH3)
+
+### 结构
+
+```json
+{
+  "dns": {
+    "servers": [
+      {
+        "type": "h3",
+        "tag": "",
+
+        "server": "",
+        "server_port": 443,
+
+        "path": "",
+        "headers": {},
+
+        "tls": {},
+
+        // 拨号字段
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+!!! info "与旧版 H3 服务器的区别"
+
+    * 旧服务器默认使用默认出站，除非指定了绕行；新服务器像出站一样使用拨号器，相当于默认使用空的直连出站。
+    * 旧服务器使用 `address_resolver` 和 `address_strategy` 来解析服务器中的域名；新服务器改用 [拨号字段](/zh/configuration/shared/dial/) 中的 `domain_resolver` 和 `domain_strategy`。
+
+### 字段
+
+#### server
+
+==必填==
+
+DNS 服务器的地址。
+
+如果使用域名，还必须设置 `domain_resolver` 来解析 IP 地址。
+
+#### server_port
+
+DNS 服务器的端口。
+
+默认使用 `443`。
+
+#### path
+
+DNS 服务器的路径。
+
+默认使用 `/dns-query`。
+
+#### headers
+
+发送到 DNS 服务器的额外标头。
+
+#### tls
+
+TLS 配置，参阅 [TLS](/zh/configuration/shared/tls/#outbound)。
+
+### 拨号字段
+
+参阅 [拨号字段](/zh/configuration/shared/dial/) 了解详情。
--- a/docs/configuration/dns/server/https.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/dns/server/https.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
+---
+icon: material/new-box
+---
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.12.0 起"
+
+# DNS over HTTPS (DoH)
+
+### 结构
+
+```json
+{
+  "dns": {
+    "servers": [
+      {
+        "type": "https",
+        "tag": "",
+
+        "server": "",
+        "server_port": 443,
+
+        "path": "",
+        "headers": {},
+
+        "tls": {},
+
+        // 拨号字段
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+!!! info "与旧版 HTTPS 服务器的区别"
+
+    * 旧服务器默认使用默认出站，除非指定了绕行；新服务器像出站一样使用拨号器，相当于默认使用空的直连出站。
+    * 旧服务器使用 `address_resolver` 和 `address_strategy` 来解析服务器中的域名；新服务器改用 [拨号字段](/zh/configuration/shared/dial/) 中的 `domain_resolver` 和 `domain_strategy`。
+
+### 字段
+
+#### server
+
+==必填==
+
+DNS 服务器的地址。
+
+如果使用域名，还必须设置 `domain_resolver` 来解析 IP 地址。
+
+#### server_port
+
+DNS 服务器的端口。
+
+默认使用 `443`。
+
+#### path
+
+DNS 服务器的路径。
+
+默认使用 `/dns-query`。
+
+#### headers
+
+发送到 DNS 服务器的额外标头。
+
+#### tls
+
+TLS 配置，参阅 [TLS](/zh/configuration/shared/tls/#outbound)。
+
+### 拨号字段
+
+参阅 [拨号字段](/zh/configuration/shared/dial/) 了解详情。
--- a/docs/configuration/dns/server/local.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/dns/server/local.md
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 icon: material/new-box
 ---

+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+    :material-plus: [prefer_go](#prefer_go)  
+
 !!! question "Since sing-box 1.12.0"

 # Local
@@ -15,6 +19,7 @@ icon: material/new-box
      {
        "type": "local",
        "tag": "",
+        "prefer_go": false

        // Dial Fields
      }
@@ -24,10 +29,33 @@ icon: material/new-box
 ```

 !!! info "Difference from legacy local server"
-    
+
    * The old legacy local server only handles IP requests; the new one handles all types of requests and supports concurrent for IP requests.
    * The old local server uses default outbound by default unless detour is specified; the new one uses dialer just like outbound, which is equivalent to using an empty direct outbound by default.

+### Fields
+
+#### prefer_go
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+When enabled, `local` DNS server will resolve DNS by dialing itself whenever possible.
+
+Specifically, it disables following behaviors which was added as features in sing-box 1.13.0:
+
+1. On Apple platforms: Attempt to resolve A/AAAA requests using `getaddrinfo` in NetworkExtension.
+2. On Linux: Resolve through `systemd-resolvd`'s DBus interface when available.
+
+As a sole exception, it cannot disable the following behavior:
+
+1. In the Android graphical client,
+`local` will always resolve DNS through the platform interface,
+as there is no other way to obtain upstream DNS servers;
+On devices running Android versions lower than 10, this interface can only resolve A/AAAA requests.
+
+2. On macOS, `local` will try DHCP first in Network Extension, since DHCP respects DIal Fields,
+it will not be disabled by `prefer_go`.
+
 ### Dial Fields

 See [Dial Fields](/configuration/shared/dial/) for details.
--- a/docs/configuration/dns/server/local.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/dns/server/local.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+---
+icon: material/new-box
+---
+
+!!! quote "sing-box 1.13.0 中的更改"
+
+    :material-plus: [prefer_go](#prefer_go)
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.12.0 起"
+
+# Local
+
+### 结构
+
+```json
+{
+  "dns": {
+    "servers": [
+      {
+        "type": "local",
+        "tag": "",
+        "prefer_go": false,
+
+        // 拨号字段
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+!!! info "与旧版本地服务器的区别"
+
+    * 旧的传统本地服务器只处理 IP 请求；新的服务器处理所有类型的请求，并支持 IP 请求的并发处理。
+    * 旧的本地服务器默认使用默认出站，除非指定了绕行；新服务器像出站一样使用拨号器，相当于默认使用空的直连出站。
+
+### 字段
+
+#### prefer_go
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
+
+启用后，`local` DNS 服务器将尽可能通过拨号自身来解析 DNS。
+
+具体来说，它禁用了在 sing-box 1.13.0 中作为功能添加的以下行为：
+
+1. 在 Apple 平台上：尝试在 NetworkExtension 中使用 `getaddrinfo` 解析 A/AAAA 请求。
+2. 在 Linux 上：当可用时通过 `systemd-resolvd` 的 DBus 接口进行解析。
+
+作为唯一的例外，它无法禁用以下行为：
+
+1. 在 Android 图形客户端中，
+`local` 将始终通过平台接口解析 DNS，
+因为没有其他方法来获取上游 DNS 服务器；
+在运行 Android 10 以下版本的设备上，此接口只能解析 A/AAAA 请求。
+
+2. 在 macOS 上，`local` 会在 Network Extension 中首先尝试 DHCP，由于 DHCP 遵循拨号字段，
+它不会被 `prefer_go` 禁用。
+
+### 拨号字段
+
+参阅 [拨号字段](/zh/configuration/shared/dial/) 了解详情。
--- a/docs/configuration/dns/server/quic.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/dns/server/quic.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+---
+icon: material/new-box
+---
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.12.0 起"
+
+# DNS over QUIC (DoQ)
+
+### 结构
+
+```json
+{
+  "dns": {
+    "servers": [
+      {
+        "type": "quic",
+        "tag": "",
+
+        "server": "",
+        "server_port": 853,
+
+        "tls": {},
+
+        // 拨号字段
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+!!! info "与旧版 QUIC 服务器的区别"
+
+    * 旧服务器默认使用默认出站，除非指定了绕行；新服务器像出站一样使用拨号器，相当于默认使用空的直连出站。
+    * 旧服务器使用 `address_resolver` 和 `address_strategy` 来解析服务器中的域名；新服务器改用 [拨号字段](/zh/configuration/shared/dial/) 中的 `domain_resolver` 和 `domain_strategy`。
+
+### 字段
+
+#### server
+
+==必填==
+
+DNS 服务器的地址。
+
+如果使用域名，还必须设置 `domain_resolver` 来解析 IP 地址。
+
+#### server_port
+
+DNS 服务器的端口。
+
+默认使用 `853`。
+
+#### tls
+
+TLS 配置，参阅 [TLS](/zh/configuration/shared/tls/#outbound)。
+
+### 拨号字段
+
+参阅 [拨号字段](/zh/configuration/shared/dial/) 了解详情。
--- a/docs/configuration/dns/server/resolved.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/dns/server/resolved.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+---
+icon: material/new-box
+---
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.12.0 起"
+
+# Resolved
+
+```json
+{
+  "dns": {
+    "servers": [
+      {
+        "type": "resolved",
+        "tag": "",
+
+        "service": "resolved",
+        "accept_default_resolvers": false
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 字段
+
+#### service
+
+==必填==
+
+[Resolved 服务](/zh/configuration/service/resolved) 的标签。
+
+#### accept_default_resolvers
+
+指示是否除了匹配域名外，还应接受默认 DNS 解析器以进行回退查询。
+
+具体来说，默认 DNS 解析器是设置了 `SetLinkDefaultRoute` 或 `SetLinkDomains ~.` 的 DNS 服务器。
+
+如果未启用，对于不匹配搜索域或匹配域的请求，将返回 `NXDOMAIN`。
+
+### 示例
+
+=== "仅分割 DNS"
+
+    ```json
+    {
+      "dns": {
+        "servers": [
+          {
+            "type": "local",
+            "tag": "local"
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "resolved",
+            "tag": "resolved",
+            "service": "resolved"
+          }
+        ],
+        "rules": [
+          {
+            "ip_accept_any": true,
+            "server": "resolved"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+    ```
+
+=== "用作全局 DNS"
+
+    ```json
+    {
+      "dns": {
+        "servers": [
+          {
+            "type": "resolved",
+            "service": "resolved",
+            "accept_default_resolvers": true
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+    ```
--- a/docs/configuration/dns/server/tailscale.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/dns/server/tailscale.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+---
+icon: material/new-box
+---
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.12.0 起"
+
+# Tailscale
+
+### 结构
+
+```json
+{
+  "dns": {
+    "servers": [
+      {
+        "type": "tailscale",
+        "tag": "",
+
+        "endpoint": "ts-ep",
+        "accept_default_resolvers": false
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 字段
+
+#### endpoint
+
+==必填==
+
+[Tailscale 端点](/zh/configuration/endpoint/tailscale) 的标签。
+
+#### accept_default_resolvers
+
+指示是否除了 MagicDNS 外，还应接受默认 DNS 解析器以进行回退查询。
+
+如果未启用，对于非 Tailscale 域名查询将返回 `NXDOMAIN`。
+
+### 示例
+
+=== "仅 MagicDNS"
+
+    ```json
+    {
+      "dns": {
+        "servers": [
+          {
+            "type": "local",
+            "tag": "local"
+          },
+          {
+            "type": "tailscale",
+            "tag": "ts",
+            "endpoint": "ts-ep"
+          }
+        ],
+        "rules": [
+          {
+            "ip_accept_any": true,
+            "server": "ts"
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+    ```
+
+=== "用作全局 DNS"
+
+    ```json
+    {
+      "dns": {
+        "servers": [
+          {
+            "type": "tailscale",
+            "endpoint": "ts-ep",
+            "accept_default_resolvers": true
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    }
+    ```
--- a/docs/configuration/dns/server/tcp.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/dns/server/tcp.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+---
+icon: material/new-box
+---
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.12.0 起"
+
+# TCP
+
+### 结构
+
+```json
+{
+  "dns": {
+    "servers": [
+      {
+        "type": "tcp",
+        "tag": "",
+
+        "server": "",
+        "server_port": 53,
+
+        // 拨号字段
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+!!! info "与旧版 TCP 服务器的区别"
+
+    * 旧服务器默认使用默认出站，除非指定了绕行；新服务器像出站一样使用拨号器，相当于默认使用空的直连出站。
+    * 旧服务器使用 `address_resolver` 和 `address_strategy` 来解析服务器中的域名；新服务器改用 [拨号字段](/zh/configuration/shared/dial/) 中的 `domain_resolver` 和 `domain_strategy`。
+
+### 字段
+
+#### server
+
+==必填==
+
+DNS 服务器的地址。
+
+如果使用域名，还必须设置 `domain_resolver` 来解析 IP 地址。
+
+#### server_port
+
+DNS 服务器的端口。
+
+默认使用 `53`。
+
+### 拨号字段
+
+参阅 [拨号字段](/zh/configuration/shared/dial/) 了解详情。
--- a/docs/configuration/dns/server/tls.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/dns/server/tls.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+---
+icon: material/new-box
+---
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.12.0 起"
+
+# DNS over TLS (DoT)
+
+### 结构
+
+```json
+{
+  "dns": {
+    "servers": [
+      {
+        "type": "tls",
+        "tag": "",
+
+        "server": "",
+        "server_port": 853,
+
+        "tls": {},
+
+        // 拨号字段
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+!!! info "与旧版 TLS 服务器的区别"
+
+    * 旧服务器默认使用默认出站，除非指定了绕行；新服务器像出站一样使用拨号器，相当于默认使用空的直连出站。
+    * 旧服务器使用 `address_resolver` 和 `address_strategy` 来解析服务器中的域名；新服务器改用 [拨号字段](/zh/configuration/shared/dial/) 中的 `domain_resolver` 和 `domain_strategy`。
+
+### 字段
+
+#### server
+
+==必填==
+
+DNS 服务器的地址。
+
+如果使用域名，还必须设置 `domain_resolver` 来解析 IP 地址。
+
+#### server_port
+
+DNS 服务器的端口。
+
+默认使用 `853`。
+
+#### tls
+
+TLS 配置，参阅 [TLS](/zh/configuration/shared/tls/#outbound)。
+
+### 拨号字段
+
+参阅 [拨号字段](/zh/configuration/shared/dial/) 了解详情。
--- a/docs/configuration/dns/server/udp.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/dns/server/udp.zh.md
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+---
+icon: material/new-box
+---
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.12.0 起"
+
+# UDP
+
+### 结构
+
+```json
+{
+  "dns": {
+    "servers": [
+      {
+        "type": "udp",
+        "tag": "",
+
+        "server": "",
+        "server_port": 53,
+
+        // 拨号字段
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+```
+
+!!! info "与旧版 UDP 服务器的区别"
+
+    * 旧服务器默认使用默认出站，除非指定了绕行；新服务器像出站一样使用拨号器，相当于默认使用空的直连出站。
+    * 旧服务器使用 `address_resolver` 和 `address_strategy` 来解析服务器中的域名；新服务器改用 [拨号字段](/zh/configuration/shared/dial/) 中的 `domain_resolver` 和 `domain_strategy`。
+
+### 字段
+
+#### server
+
+==必填==
+
+DNS 服务器的地址。
+
+如果使用域名，还必须设置 `domain_resolver` 来解析 IP 地址。
+
+#### server_port
+
+DNS 服务器的端口。
+
+默认使用 `53`。
+
+### 拨号字段
+
+参阅 [拨号字段](/zh/configuration/shared/dial/) 了解详情。
--- a/docs/configuration/endpoint/index.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/endpoint/index.md
@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
---
-icon: material/new-box
---
-
 !!! question "Since sing-box 1.11.0"

 # Endpoint
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
世界	c689437954	documentation: Bump version	2025-10-24 12:27:56 +08:00
世界	4835a5bc11	Fix read credentials for ccm service	2025-10-24 12:27:56 +08:00
世界	c27f330c6f	Add claude code multiplexer service	2025-10-24 12:27:55 +08:00
世界	ac891387eb	Fix compatibility with MPTCP	2025-10-24 12:27:55 +08:00
世界	9c1d10d9bc	Use a more conservative strategy for resolving with systemd-resolved for local DNS server	2025-10-24 12:27:55 +08:00
世界	919aeeecdb	Fix missing mTLS support in client options	2025-10-24 12:27:55 +08:00
世界	96934ee693	Add curve preferences, pinned public key SHA256 and mTLS for TLS options	2025-10-24 12:27:55 +08:00
世界	306b65389e	Fix WireGuard input packet	2025-10-24 12:27:55 +08:00
世界	1f7a82a588	Update tfo-go to latest	2025-10-24 12:27:54 +08:00
世界	9d80a2b70d	Remove compatibility codes	2025-10-24 12:27:54 +08:00
世界	d430e4c04c	Do not use linkname by default to simplify debugging	2025-10-24 12:27:54 +08:00
世界	ff949a2e25	documentation: Update chinese translations	2025-10-24 12:27:54 +08:00
世界	ad626406e8	Update quic-go to v0.55.0	2025-10-24 12:27:44 +08:00
世界	54dc000594	Update WireGuard and Tailscale	2025-10-24 10:53:33 +08:00
世界	85048fb85b	Fix preConnectionCopy	2025-10-24 10:53:33 +08:00
世界	8b3fb16819	Fix ping domain	2025-10-24 10:53:33 +08:00
世界	15877e450c	release: Fix linux build	2025-10-24 10:53:33 +08:00
世界	be95886a3e	Improve ktls rx error handling	2025-10-24 10:53:33 +08:00
世界	24fac9d0a3	Improve compatibility for kTLS	2025-10-24 10:53:32 +08:00
世界	c73350c438	ktls: Add warning for inappropriate scenarios	2025-10-24 10:53:32 +08:00
世界	3c72eacb61	Add support for kTLS Reference: https://gitlab.com/go-extension/tls	2025-10-24 10:53:32 +08:00
世界	ec26708f8d	Add proxy support for ICMP echo request	2025-10-24 10:53:32 +08:00
世界	c1539d80c0	Fix resolve using resolved	2025-10-24 10:53:24 +08:00
世界	dbc2798d95	documentation: Update behavior of `local` DNS server on darwin	2025-10-24 10:53:23 +08:00
世界	b6f2aefbaa	Remove use of ldflags `-checklinkname=0` on darwin	2025-10-24 10:53:23 +08:00
世界	24d676c351	Fix legacy DNS config	2025-10-24 10:53:23 +08:00
世界	7e875648f1	Fix rule-set format	2025-10-24 10:53:23 +08:00
世界	52a0a42ae9	documentation: Remove outdated icons	2025-10-24 10:53:23 +08:00
世界	4c10b16eb8	documentation: Improve `local` DNS server	2025-10-24 10:53:23 +08:00
世界	23096edb89	Stop using DHCP on iOS and tvOS We do not have the `com.apple.developer.networking.multicast` entitlement and are unable to obtain it for non-technical reasons.	2025-10-24 10:53:22 +08:00
世界	d3433176ce	Improve `local` DNS server on darwin We mistakenly believed that `libresolv`'s `search` function worked correctly in NetworkExtension, but it seems only `getaddrinfo` does. This commit changes the behavior of the `local` DNS server in NetworkExtension to prefer DHCP, falling back to `getaddrinfo` if DHCP servers are unavailable. It's worth noting that `prefer_go` does not disable DHCP since it respects Dial Fields, but `getaddrinfo` does the opposite. The new behavior only applies to NetworkExtension, not to all scenarios (primarily command-line binaries) as it did previously. In addition, this commit also improves the DHCP DNS server to use the same robust query logic as `local`.	2025-10-24 10:53:22 +08:00
世界	9c73040cd9	Use resolved in local DNS server if available	2025-10-24 10:53:22 +08:00
xchacha20-poly1305	7827e0eca3	Fix rule set version	2025-10-24 10:53:22 +08:00
世界	6fadbddb2c	documentation: Add `preferred_by` route rule item	2025-10-24 10:53:21 +08:00
世界	abd6cd9444	Add `preferred_by` route rule item	2025-10-24 10:53:21 +08:00
世界	77ce561968	documentation: Add interface address rule items	2025-10-24 10:53:21 +08:00
世界	c96dc76a07	Add interface address rule items	2025-10-24 10:53:21 +08:00
世界	199659a964	Fix ECH retry support	2025-10-24 10:53:21 +08:00
neletor	e926dbf41a	Add support for ech retry configs	2025-10-24 10:53:21 +08:00
Zephyruso	c3f016fd20	Add `/dns/flush-clash` meta api	2025-10-24 10:53:20 +08:00