Bump version

Update Go to 1.25.8
Fix netns fd leak in ListenNetworkNamespace
2026-04-12 01:57:18 +10:00 · 2026-03-15 16:57:08 +08:00 · 2026-03-15 16:57:08 +08:00 · 2026-03-15 16:54:55 +08:00 · 2026-03-15 16:54:11 +08:00 · 2026-03-15 16:53:15 +08:00
65 changed files with 2146 additions and 1330 deletions
--- a/.fpm_pacman
+++ b/.fpm_pacman
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-s dir
+--name sing-box
+--category net
+--license GPL-3.0-or-later
+--description "The universal proxy platform."
+--url "https://sing-box.sagernet.org/"
+--maintainer "nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>"
+--config-files etc/sing-box/config.json
+--after-install release/config/sing-box.postinst
+
+release/config/config.json=/etc/sing-box/config.json
+
+release/config/sing-box.service=/usr/lib/systemd/system/sing-box.service
+release/config/sing-box@.service=/usr/lib/systemd/system/sing-box@.service
+release/config/sing-box.sysusers=/usr/lib/sysusers.d/sing-box.conf
+release/config/sing-box.rules=usr/share/polkit-1/rules.d/sing-box.rules
+release/config/sing-box-split-dns.xml=/usr/share/dbus-1/system.d/sing-box-split-dns.conf
+
+release/completions/sing-box.bash=/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/sing-box.bash
+release/completions/sing-box.fish=/usr/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/sing-box.fish
+release/completions/sing-box.zsh=/usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_sing-box
+
+LICENSE=/usr/share/licenses/sing-box/LICENSE
--- a/.github/setup_go_for_windows7.sh
+++ b/.github/setup_go_for_windows7.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+VERSION="1.25.8"
+PATCH_COMMITS=(
+  "466f6c7a29bc098b0d4c987b803c779222894a11"
+  "1bdabae205052afe1dadb2ad6f1ba612cdbc532a"
+  "a90777dcf692dd2168577853ba743b4338721b06"
+  "f6bddda4e8ff58a957462a1a09562924d5f3d05c"
+  "bed309eff415bcb3c77dd4bc3277b682b89a388d"
+  "34b899c2fb39b092db4fa67c4417e41dc046be4b"
+)
+CURL_ARGS=(
+  -fL
+  --silent
+  --show-error
+)
+
+if [[ -n "${GITHUB_TOKEN:-}" ]]; then
+  CURL_ARGS+=(-H "Authorization: Bearer ${GITHUB_TOKEN}")
+fi
+
+mkdir -p "$HOME/go"
+cd "$HOME/go"
+wget "https://dl.google.com/go/go${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
+tar -xzf "go${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
+mv go go_win7
+cd go_win7
+
+# modify from https://github.com/restic/restic/issues/4636#issuecomment-1896455557
+# these patch URLs only work on golang1.25.x
+# that means after golang1.26 release it must be changed
+# see: https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commits/release-branch.go1.25/
+# revert:
+# 693def151adff1af707d82d28f55dba81ceb08e1: "crypto/rand,runtime: switch RtlGenRandom for ProcessPrng"
+# 7c1157f9544922e96945196b47b95664b1e39108: "net: remove sysSocket fallback for Windows 7"
+# 48042aa09c2f878c4faa576948b07fe625c4707a: "syscall: remove Windows 7 console handle workaround"
+# a17d959debdb04cd550016a3501dd09d50cd62e7: "runtime: always use LoadLibraryEx to load system libraries"
+# fixes:
+# bed309eff415bcb3c77dd4bc3277b682b89a388d: "Fix os.RemoveAll not working on Windows7"
+# 34b899c2fb39b092db4fa67c4417e41dc046be4b: "Revert \"os: remove 5ms sleep on Windows in (*Process).Wait\""
+
+for patch_commit in "${PATCH_COMMITS[@]}"; do
+  curl "${CURL_ARGS[@]}" "https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/${patch_commit}.diff" | patch --verbose -p 1
+done
--- a/.github/setup_legacy_go.sh
+++ b/.github/setup_legacy_go.sh
@@ -1,25 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-VERSION="1.23.12"
-
-mkdir -p $HOME/go
-cd $HOME/go
-wget "https://dl.google.com/go/go${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
-tar -xzf "go${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
-mv go go_legacy
-cd go_legacy
-
-# modify from https://github.com/restic/restic/issues/4636#issuecomment-1896455557
-# this patch file only works on golang1.23.x
-# that means after golang1.24 release it must be changed
-# see: https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commits/release-branch.go1.23/
-# revert:
-# 693def151adff1af707d82d28f55dba81ceb08e1: "crypto/rand,runtime: switch RtlGenRandom for ProcessPrng"
-# 7c1157f9544922e96945196b47b95664b1e39108: "net: remove sysSocket fallback for Windows 7"
-# 48042aa09c2f878c4faa576948b07fe625c4707a: "syscall: remove Windows 7 console handle workaround"
-# a17d959debdb04cd550016a3501dd09d50cd62e7: "runtime: always use LoadLibraryEx to load system libraries"
-
-curl https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/9ac42137ef6730e8b7daca016ece831297a1d75b.diff | patch --verbose -p 1
-curl https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/21290de8a4c91408de7c2b5b68757b1e90af49dd.diff | patch --verbose -p 1
-curl https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/6a31d3fa8e47ddabc10bd97bff10d9a85f4cfb76.diff | patch --verbose -p 1
-curl https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/69e2eed6dd0f6d815ebf15797761c13f31213dd6.diff | patch --verbose -p 1
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -25,8 +25,7 @@ on:
          - publish-android
  push:
    branches:
-      - main-next
-      - dev-next
+      - oldstable

 concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.event_name }}-${{ inputs.build }}
@@ -46,7 +45,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.1
+          go-version: ~1.25.8
      - name: Check input version
        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
        run: |-
@@ -88,9 +87,9 @@ jobs:
          - { os: linux, arch: loong64, debian: loongarch64, rpm: loongarch64, openwrt: "loongarch64_generic" }

          - { os: windows, arch: amd64 }
-          - { os: windows, arch: amd64, legacy_go123: true, legacy_name: "windows-7" }
+          - { os: windows, arch: amd64, legacy_win7: true, legacy_name: "windows-7" }
          - { os: windows, arch: "386" }
-          - { os: windows, arch: "386", legacy_go123: true, legacy_name: "windows-7" }
+          - { os: windows, arch: "386", legacy_win7: true, legacy_name: "windows-7" }
          - { os: windows, arch: arm64 }

          - { os: darwin, arch: amd64 }
@@ -107,32 +106,32 @@ jobs:
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Setup Go
-        if: ${{ ! (matrix.legacy_go123 || matrix.legacy_go124) }}
+        if: ${{ ! (matrix.legacy_win7 || matrix.legacy_go124) }}
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.1
+          go-version: ~1.25.8
      - name: Setup Go 1.24
        if: matrix.legacy_go124
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ~1.24.6
-      - name: Cache Go 1.23
-        if: matrix.legacy_go123
-        id: cache-legacy-go
+          go-version: ~1.24.10
+      - name: Cache Go for Windows 7
+        if: matrix.legacy_win7
+        id: cache-go-for-windows7
        uses: actions/cache@v4
        with:
          path: |
-            ~/go/go_legacy
-          key: go_legacy_12312
-      - name: Setup Go 1.23
-        if: matrix.legacy_go123 && steps.cache-legacy-go.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+            ~/go/go_win7
+          key: go_win7_1255
+      - name: Setup Go for Windows 7
+        if: matrix.legacy_win7 && steps.cache-go-for-windows7.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
        run: |-
-          .github/setup_legacy_go.sh
-      - name: Setup Go 1.23
-        if: matrix.legacy_go123
+          .github/setup_go_for_windows7.sh
+      - name: Setup Go for Windows 7
+        if: matrix.legacy_win7
        run: |-
-          echo "PATH=$HOME/go/go_legacy/bin:$PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "GOROOT=$HOME/go/go_legacy" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "PATH=$HOME/go/go_win7/bin:$PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "GOROOT=$HOME/go/go_win7" >> $GITHUB_ENV
      - name: Setup Android NDK
        if: matrix.os == 'android'
        uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
@@ -243,7 +242,7 @@ jobs:
          sudo gem install fpm
          sudo apt-get update
          sudo apt-get install -y libarchive-tools
-          cp .fpm_systemd .fpm
+          cp .fpm_pacman .fpm
          fpm -t pacman \
            -v "$PKG_VERSION" \
            -p "dist/sing-box_${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}_${{ matrix.os }}_${{ matrix.pacman }}.pkg.tar.zst" \
@@ -287,7 +286,7 @@ jobs:
          path: "dist"
  build_android:
    name: Build Android
-    if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Android'
+    if: (github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Android') && github.ref != 'refs/heads/oldstable'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs:
      - calculate_version
@@ -300,7 +299,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.1
+          go-version: ~1.25.8
      - name: Setup Android NDK
        id: setup-ndk
        uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
@@ -323,12 +322,12 @@ jobs:
          JAVA_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64
          ANDROID_NDK_HOME: ${{ steps.setup-ndk.outputs.ndk-path }}
      - name: Checkout main branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main-next' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/stable' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
        run: |-
          cd clients/android
          git checkout main
      - name: Checkout dev branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev-next'
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/testing'
        run: |-
          cd clients/android
          git checkout dev
@@ -367,7 +366,7 @@ jobs:
          path: 'dist'
  publish_android:
    name: Publish Android
-    if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.build == 'publish-android'
+    if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.build == 'publish-android' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/oldstable'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs:
      - calculate_version
@@ -380,7 +379,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.1
+          go-version: ~1.25.8
      - name: Setup Android NDK
        id: setup-ndk
        uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
@@ -403,12 +402,12 @@ jobs:
          JAVA_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64
          ANDROID_NDK_HOME: ${{ steps.setup-ndk.outputs.ndk-path }}
      - name: Checkout main branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main-next' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/stable' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
        run: |-
          cd clients/android
          git checkout main
      - name: Checkout dev branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev-next'
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/testing'
        run: |-
          cd clients/android
          git checkout dev
@@ -479,7 +478,7 @@ jobs:
        if: matrix.if
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.1
+          go-version: ~1.25.8
      - name: Set tag
        if: matrix.if
        run: |-
@@ -487,12 +486,12 @@ jobs:
          git tag v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -f
          echo "VERSION=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
      - name: Checkout main branch
-        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main-next' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
+        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/stable' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
        run: |-
          cd clients/apple
          git checkout main
      - name: Checkout dev branch
-        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev-next'
+        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/testing'
        run: |-
          cd clients/apple
          git checkout dev
@@ -578,7 +577,7 @@ jobs:
            -authenticationKeyID $ASC_KEY_ID \
            -authenticationKeyIssuerID $ASC_KEY_ISSUER_ID
      - name: Publish to TestFlight
-        if: matrix.if && matrix.name != 'macOS-standalone' && github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.ref =='refs/heads/dev-next'
+        if: matrix.if && matrix.name != 'macOS-standalone' && github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.ref =='refs/heads/testing'
        run: |-
          go run -v ./cmd/internal/app_store_connect publish_testflight ${{ matrix.platform }}
      - name: Build image
--- a/.github/workflows/lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
@@ -3,18 +3,20 @@ name: Lint
 on:
  push:
    branches:
-      - stable-next
-      - main-next
-      - dev-next
+      - oldstable
+      - stable
+      - testing
+      - unstable
    paths-ignore:
      - '**.md'
      - '.github/**'
      - '!.github/workflows/lint.yml'
  pull_request:
    branches:
-      - stable-next
-      - main-next
-      - dev-next
+      - oldstable
+      - stable
+      - testing
+      - unstable

 jobs:
  build:
@@ -28,11 +30,11 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ~1.24.6
+          go-version: ~1.24.10
      - name: golangci-lint
        uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v8
        with:
-          version: v2.4.0
+          version: latest
          args: --timeout=30m
          install-mode: binary
          verify: false
--- a/.github/workflows/linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.1
+          go-version: ~1.25.8
      - name: Check input version
        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
        run: |-
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.1
+          go-version: ~1.25.8
      - name: Setup Android NDK
        if: matrix.os == 'android'
        uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
--- a/4
+++ b/4
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@ RUN set -ex \
 FROM --platform=$TARGETPLATFORM alpine AS dist
 LABEL maintainer="nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>"
 RUN set -ex \
-    && apk upgrade \
-    && apk add bash tzdata ca-certificates nftables \
-    && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*
+    && apk add --no-cache --upgrade bash tzdata ca-certificates nftables
 COPY --from=builder /go/bin/sing-box /usr/local/bin/sing-box
 ENTRYPOINT ["sing-box"]
--- a/4
+++ b/4
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ fmt:
 	@gci write --custom-order -s standard -s "prefix(github.com/sagernet/)" -s "default" .

 fmt_install:
-	go install -v mvdan.cc/gofumpt@v0.8.0
+	go install -v mvdan.cc/gofumpt@latest
 	go install -v github.com/daixiang0/gci@latest

 lint:
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ lint:
 	GOOS=freebsd golangci-lint run ./...

 lint_install:
-	go install -v github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@v2.4.0
+	go install -v github.com/golangci/golangci-lint/v2/cmd/golangci-lint@latest

 proto:
 	@go run ./cmd/internal/protogen
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+> Sponsored by [Warp](https://go.warp.dev/sing-box), built for coding with multiple AI agents
+
+<a href="https://go.warp.dev/sing-box">
+<img alt="Warp sponsorship" width="400" src="https://github.com/warpdotdev/brand-assets/raw/refs/heads/main/Github/Sponsor/Warp-Github-LG-02.png">
+</a>
+
+---
+
 # sing-box

 The universal proxy platform.
--- a/adapter/dns.go
+++ b/adapter/dns.go
@@ -27,8 +27,6 @@ type DNSClient interface {
 	Start()
 	Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport DNSTransport, message *dns.Msg, options DNSQueryOptions, responseChecker func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool) (*dns.Msg, error)
 	Lookup(ctx context.Context, transport DNSTransport, domain string, options DNSQueryOptions, responseChecker func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool) ([]netip.Addr, error)
-	LookupCache(domain string, strategy C.DomainStrategy) ([]netip.Addr, bool)
-	ExchangeCache(ctx context.Context, message *dns.Msg) (*dns.Msg, bool)
 	ClearCache()
 }

--- a/adapter/upstream.go
+++ b/adapter/upstream.go
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ func NewUpstreamContextHandlerEx(
 }

 func (w *myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapperEx) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	myMetadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
+	_, myMetadata := ExtendContext(ctx)
 	if source.IsValid() {
 		myMetadata.Source = source
 	}
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func (w *myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapperEx) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context,
 }

 func (w *myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapperEx) NewPacketConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	myMetadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
+	_, myMetadata := ExtendContext(ctx)
 	if source.IsValid() {
 		myMetadata.Source = source
 	}
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ type routeContextHandlerWrapperEx struct {
 }

 func (r *routeContextHandlerWrapperEx) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	metadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
+	_, metadata := ExtendContext(ctx)
 	if source.IsValid() {
 		metadata.Source = source
 	}
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ func (r *routeContextHandlerWrapperEx) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn
 }

 func (r *routeContextHandlerWrapperEx) NewPacketConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	metadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
+	_, metadata := ExtendContext(ctx)
 	if source.IsValid() {
 		metadata.Source = source
 	}
--- a/clients/android
+++ b/clients/android
--- a/clients/apple
+++ b/clients/apple
--- a/common/certificate/mozilla.go
+++ b/common/certificate/mozilla.go
--- a/common/dialer/default.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default.go
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial

 	if networkManager != nil {
 		defaultOptions := networkManager.DefaultOptions()
-		if defaultOptions.BindInterface != "" {
+		if defaultOptions.BindInterface != "" && !disableDefaultBind {
 			bindFunc := control.BindToInterface(networkManager.InterfaceFinder(), defaultOptions.BindInterface, -1)
 			dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, bindFunc)
 			listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, bindFunc)
@@ -142,8 +142,7 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 		dialer.Timeout = C.TCPConnectTimeout
 	}
 	// TODO: Add an option to customize the keep alive period
-	dialer.KeepAlive = C.TCPKeepAliveInitial
-	dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.SetKeepAlivePeriod(C.TCPKeepAliveInitial, C.TCPKeepAliveInterval))
+	setKeepAliveConfig(&dialer, C.TCPKeepAliveInitial, C.TCPKeepAliveInterval)
 	var udpFragment bool
 	if options.UDPFragment != nil {
 		udpFragment = *options.UDPFragment
--- a/common/dialer/default_go123.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default_go123.go
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//go:build go1.23
+
+package dialer
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func setKeepAliveConfig(dialer *net.Dialer, idle time.Duration, interval time.Duration) {
+	dialer.KeepAliveConfig = net.KeepAliveConfig{
+		Enable:   true,
+		Idle:     idle,
+		Interval: interval,
+	}
+}
--- a/common/dialer/default_nongo123.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default_nongo123.go
@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build !go1.23
+
+package dialer
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
+)
+
+func setKeepAliveConfig(dialer *net.Dialer, idle time.Duration, interval time.Duration) {
+	dialer.KeepAlive = idle
+	dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.SetKeepAlivePeriod(idle, interval))
+}
--- a/common/dialer/dialer.go
+++ b/common/dialer/dialer.go
@@ -145,3 +145,7 @@ type ParallelNetworkDialer interface {
 	DialParallelNetwork(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.Conn, error)
 	ListenSerialNetworkPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, netip.Addr, error)
 }
+
+type PacketDialerWithDestination interface {
+	ListenPacketWithDestination(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, netip.Addr, error)
+}
--- a/common/listener/listener.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener.go
@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ func ListenNetworkNamespace[T any](nameOrPath string, block func() (T, error)) (
 		if err != nil {
 			return common.DefaultValue[T](), E.Cause(err, "get current netns")
 		}
+		defer currentNs.Close()
 		defer netns.Set(currentNs)
 		var targetNs netns.NsHandle
 		if strings.HasPrefix(nameOrPath, "/") {
--- a/common/sniff/quic.go
+++ b/common/sniff/quic.go
@@ -303,8 +303,6 @@ find:
 	metadata.Protocol = C.ProtocolQUIC
 	fingerprint, err := ja3.Compute(buffer.Bytes())
 	if err != nil {
-		metadata.Protocol = C.ProtocolQUIC
-		metadata.Client = C.ClientChromium
 		metadata.SniffContext = fragments
 		return E.Cause1(ErrNeedMoreData, err)
 	}
@@ -334,7 +332,7 @@ find:
 		}

 		if count(frameTypeList, frameTypeCrypto) > 1 || count(frameTypeList, frameTypePing) > 0 {
-			if maybeUQUIC(fingerprint) {
+			if isQUICGo(fingerprint) {
 				metadata.Client = C.ClientQUICGo
 			} else {
 				metadata.Client = C.ClientChromium
--- a/common/sniff/quic_blacklist.go
+++ b/common/sniff/quic_blacklist.go
@@ -1,21 +1,29 @@
 package sniff

 import (
-	"crypto/tls"
-
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/ja3"
 )

-// Chromium sends separate client hello packets, but UQUIC has not yet implemented this behavior
-// The cronet without this behavior does not have version 115
-var uQUICChrome115 = &ja3.ClientHello{
-	Version:             tls.VersionTLS12,
-	CipherSuites:        []uint16{4865, 4866, 4867},
-	Extensions:          []uint16{0, 10, 13, 16, 27, 43, 45, 51, 57, 17513},
-	EllipticCurves:      []uint16{29, 23, 24},
-	SignatureAlgorithms: []uint16{1027, 2052, 1025, 1283, 2053, 1281, 2054, 1537, 513},
-}
+const (
+	// X25519Kyber768Draft00 - post-quantum curve used by Go crypto/tls
+	x25519Kyber768Draft00 uint16 = 0x11EC // 4588
+	// renegotiation_info extension used by Go crypto/tls
+	extensionRenegotiationInfo uint16 = 0xFF01 // 65281
+)

-func maybeUQUIC(fingerprint *ja3.ClientHello) bool {
-	return !uQUICChrome115.Equals(fingerprint, true)
+// isQUICGo detects native quic-go by checking for Go crypto/tls specific features.
+// Note: uQUIC with Chromium mimicry cannot be reliably distinguished from real Chromium
+// since it uses the same TLS fingerprint, so it will be identified as Chromium.
+func isQUICGo(fingerprint *ja3.ClientHello) bool {
+	for _, curve := range fingerprint.EllipticCurves {
+		if curve == x25519Kyber768Draft00 {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	for _, ext := range fingerprint.Extensions {
+		if ext == extensionRenegotiationInfo {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
 }
--- a/common/sniff/quic_capture_test.go
+++ b/common/sniff/quic_capture_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+package sniff_test
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/quic-go"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/sniff"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestSniffQUICQuicGoFingerprint(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	const testSNI = "test.example.com"
+
+	udpConn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 0})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer udpConn.Close()
+
+	serverAddr := udpConn.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr)
+	packetsChan := make(chan [][]byte, 1)
+
+	go func() {
+		var packets [][]byte
+		udpConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second))
+		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
+			buf := make([]byte, 2048)
+			n, _, err := udpConn.ReadFromUDP(buf)
+			if err != nil {
+				break
+			}
+			packets = append(packets, buf[:n])
+		}
+		packetsChan <- packets
+	}()
+
+	clientConn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 0})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer clientConn.Close()
+
+	tlsConfig := &tls.Config{
+		ServerName:         testSNI,
+		InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+		NextProtos:         []string{"h3"},
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	_, _ = quic.Dial(ctx, clientConn, serverAddr, tlsConfig, &quic.Config{})
+
+	select {
+	case packets := <-packetsChan:
+		t.Logf("Captured %d packets", len(packets))
+
+		var metadata adapter.InboundContext
+		for i, pkt := range packets {
+			err := sniff.QUICClientHello(context.Background(), &metadata, pkt)
+			t.Logf("Packet %d: err=%v, domain=%s, client=%s", i, err, metadata.Domain, metadata.Client)
+			if metadata.Domain != "" {
+				break
+			}
+		}
+
+		t.Logf("\n=== quic-go TLS Fingerprint Analysis ===")
+		t.Logf("Domain: %s", metadata.Domain)
+		t.Logf("Client: %s", metadata.Client)
+		t.Logf("Protocol: %s", metadata.Protocol)
+
+		// The client should be identified as quic-go, not chromium
+		// Current issue: it's being identified as chromium
+		if metadata.Client == "chromium" {
+			t.Log("WARNING: quic-go is being misidentified as chromium!")
+		}
+
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Timeout")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSniffQUICInitialFromQuicGo(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	const testSNI = "test.example.com"
+
+	// Create UDP listener to capture ALL initial packets
+	udpConn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 0})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer udpConn.Close()
+
+	serverAddr := udpConn.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr)
+
+	// Channel to receive captured packets
+	packetsChan := make(chan [][]byte, 1)
+
+	// Start goroutine to capture packets
+	go func() {
+		var packets [][]byte
+		udpConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second))
+		for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { // Capture up to 5 packets
+			buf := make([]byte, 2048)
+			n, _, err := udpConn.ReadFromUDP(buf)
+			if err != nil {
+				break
+			}
+			packets = append(packets, buf[:n])
+		}
+		packetsChan <- packets
+	}()
+
+	// Create QUIC client connection (will fail but we capture the initial packet)
+	clientConn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 0})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer clientConn.Close()
+
+	tlsConfig := &tls.Config{
+		ServerName:         testSNI,
+		InsecureSkipVerify: true,
+		NextProtos:         []string{"h3"},
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Second)
+	defer cancel()
+
+	// This will fail (no server) but sends initial packet
+	_, _ = quic.Dial(ctx, clientConn, serverAddr, tlsConfig, &quic.Config{})
+
+	// Wait for captured packets
+	select {
+	case packets := <-packetsChan:
+		t.Logf("Captured %d QUIC packets", len(packets))
+
+		for i, packet := range packets {
+			t.Logf("Packet %d: length=%d, first 30 bytes: %x", i, len(packet), packet[:min(30, len(packet))])
+		}
+
+		// Test sniffer with first packet
+		if len(packets) > 0 {
+			var metadata adapter.InboundContext
+			err := sniff.QUICClientHello(context.Background(), &metadata, packets[0])
+
+			t.Logf("First packet sniff error: %v", err)
+			t.Logf("Protocol: %s", metadata.Protocol)
+			t.Logf("Domain: %s", metadata.Domain)
+			t.Logf("Client: %s", metadata.Client)
+
+			// If first packet needs more data, try with subsequent packets
+			// IMPORTANT: reuse metadata to accumulate CRYPTO fragments via SniffContext
+			if errors.Is(err, sniff.ErrNeedMoreData) && len(packets) > 1 {
+				t.Log("First packet needs more data, trying subsequent packets with shared context...")
+				for i := 1; i < len(packets); i++ {
+					// Reuse same metadata to accumulate fragments
+					err = sniff.QUICClientHello(context.Background(), &metadata, packets[i])
+					t.Logf("Packet %d sniff result: err=%v, domain=%s, sniffCtx=%v", i, err, metadata.Domain, metadata.SniffContext != nil)
+					if metadata.Domain != "" || (err != nil && !errors.Is(err, sniff.ErrNeedMoreData)) {
+						break
+					}
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Print hex dump for debugging
+			t.Logf("First packet hex:\n%s", hex.Dump(packets[0][:min(256, len(packets[0]))]))
+
+			// Log final results
+			t.Logf("Final: Protocol=%s, Domain=%s, Client=%s", metadata.Protocol, metadata.Domain, metadata.Client)
+
+			// Verify SNI extraction
+			if metadata.Domain == "" {
+				t.Errorf("Failed to extract SNI, expected: %s", testSNI)
+			} else {
+				require.Equal(t, testSNI, metadata.Domain, "SNI should match")
+			}
+
+			// Check client identification - quic-go should be identified as quic-go, not chromium
+			t.Logf("Client identified as: %s (expected: quic-go)", metadata.Client)
+		}
+
+	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
+		t.Fatal("Timeout waiting for QUIC packets")
+	}
+}
--- a/common/sniff/quic_test.go
+++ b/common/sniff/quic_test.go
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func TestSniffQUICChromeNew(t *testing.T) {
 	var metadata adapter.InboundContext
 	err = sniff.QUICClientHello(context.Background(), &metadata, pkt)
 	require.Equal(t, metadata.Protocol, C.ProtocolQUIC)
-	require.Equal(t, metadata.Client, C.ClientChromium)
+	require.Empty(t, metadata.Client)
 	require.ErrorIs(t, err, sniff.ErrNeedMoreData)
 	pkt, err = hex.DecodeString("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")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func TestSniffQUICChromium(t *testing.T) {
 	var metadata adapter.InboundContext
 	err = sniff.QUICClientHello(context.Background(), &metadata, pkt)
 	require.Equal(t, metadata.Protocol, C.ProtocolQUIC)
-	require.Equal(t, metadata.Client, C.ClientChromium)
+	require.Empty(t, metadata.Client)
 	require.ErrorIs(t, err, sniff.ErrNeedMoreData)
 	pkt, err = hex.DecodeString("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")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
--- a/common/tls/client.go
+++ b/common/tls/client.go
@@ -53,26 +53,48 @@ func ClientHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, config Config) (Conn, e
 	return tlsConn, nil
 }

-type Dialer struct {
+type Dialer interface {
+	N.Dialer
+	DialTLSContext(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (Conn, error)
+}
+
+type defaultDialer struct {
 	dialer N.Dialer
 	config Config
 }

-func NewDialer(dialer N.Dialer, config Config) N.Dialer {
-	return &Dialer{dialer, config}
+func NewDialer(dialer N.Dialer, config Config) Dialer {
+	return &defaultDialer{dialer, config}
 }

-func (d *Dialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {
-	if network != N.NetworkTCP {
+func (d *defaultDialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {
+	if N.NetworkName(network) != N.NetworkTCP {
 		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
 	}
-	conn, err := d.dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, destination)
+	return d.DialTLSContext(ctx, destination)
+}
+
+func (d *defaultDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, error) {
+	return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+}
+
+func (d *defaultDialer) DialTLSContext(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (Conn, error) {
+	return d.dialContext(ctx, destination)
+}
+
+func (d *defaultDialer) dialContext(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (Conn, error) {
+	conn, err := d.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, destination)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	return ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, d.config)
+	tlsConn, err := aTLS.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, d.config)
+	if err != nil {
+		conn.Close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return tlsConn, nil
 }

-func (d *Dialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+func (d *defaultDialer) Upstream() any {
+	return d.dialer
 }
--- a/dns/client.go
+++ b/dns/client.go
@@ -95,6 +95,20 @@ func (c *Client) Start() {
 	}
 }

+func extractNegativeTTL(response *dns.Msg) (uint32, bool) {
+	for _, record := range response.Ns {
+		if soa, isSOA := record.(*dns.SOA); isSOA {
+			soaTTL := soa.Header().Ttl
+			soaMinimum := soa.Minttl
+			if soaTTL < soaMinimum {
+				return soaTTL, true
+			}
+			return soaMinimum, true
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, false
+}
+
 func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, message *dns.Msg, options adapter.DNSQueryOptions, responseChecker func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool) (*dns.Msg, error) {
 	if len(message.Question) == 0 {
 		if c.logger != nil {
@@ -130,7 +144,11 @@ func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, m
 		if c.cache != nil {
 			cond, loaded := c.cacheLock.LoadOrStore(question, make(chan struct{}))
 			if loaded {
-				<-cond
+				select {
+				case <-cond:
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					return nil, ctx.Err()
+				}
 			} else {
 				defer func() {
 					c.cacheLock.Delete(question)
@@ -140,7 +158,11 @@ func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, m
 		} else if c.transportCache != nil {
 			cond, loaded := c.transportCacheLock.LoadOrStore(question, make(chan struct{}))
 			if loaded {
-				<-cond
+				select {
+				case <-cond:
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					return nil, ctx.Err()
+				}
 			} else {
 				defer func() {
 					c.transportCacheLock.Delete(question)
@@ -214,12 +236,14 @@ func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, m
 			response.Answer = append(response.Answer, validResponse.Answer...)
 		}
 	}*/
-	disableCache = disableCache || response.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess || len(response.Answer) == 0
+	disableCache = disableCache || (response.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess && response.Rcode != dns.RcodeNameError)
 	if responseChecker != nil {
 		var rejected bool
 		// TODO: add accept_any rule and support to check response instead of addresses
-		if response.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess || len(response.Answer) == 0 {
+		if response.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess && response.Rcode != dns.RcodeNameError {
 			rejected = true
+		} else if len(response.Answer) == 0 {
+			rejected = !responseChecker(nil)
 		} else {
 			rejected = !responseChecker(MessageToAddresses(response))
 		}
@@ -251,10 +275,17 @@ func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, m
 		}
 	}
 	var timeToLive uint32
-	for _, recordList := range [][]dns.RR{response.Answer, response.Ns, response.Extra} {
-		for _, record := range recordList {
-			if timeToLive == 0 || record.Header().Ttl > 0 && record.Header().Ttl < timeToLive {
-				timeToLive = record.Header().Ttl
+	if len(response.Answer) == 0 {
+		if soaTTL, hasSOA := extractNegativeTTL(response); hasSOA {
+			timeToLive = soaTTL
+		}
+	}
+	if timeToLive == 0 {
+		for _, recordList := range [][]dns.RR{response.Answer, response.Ns, response.Extra} {
+			for _, record := range recordList {
+				if timeToLive == 0 || record.Header().Ttl > 0 && record.Header().Ttl < timeToLive {
+					timeToLive = record.Header().Ttl
+				}
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -332,64 +363,6 @@ func (c *Client) ClearCache() {
 	}
 }

-func (c *Client) LookupCache(domain string, strategy C.DomainStrategy) ([]netip.Addr, bool) {
-	if c.disableCache || c.independentCache {
-		return nil, false
-	}
-	if dns.IsFqdn(domain) {
-		domain = domain[:len(domain)-1]
-	}
-	dnsName := dns.Fqdn(domain)
-	if strategy == C.DomainStrategyIPv4Only {
-		addresses, err := c.questionCache(dns.Question{
-			Name:   dnsName,
-			Qtype:  dns.TypeA,
-			Qclass: dns.ClassINET,
-		}, nil)
-		if err != ErrNotCached {
-			return addresses, true
-		}
-	} else if strategy == C.DomainStrategyIPv6Only {
-		addresses, err := c.questionCache(dns.Question{
-			Name:   dnsName,
-			Qtype:  dns.TypeAAAA,
-			Qclass: dns.ClassINET,
-		}, nil)
-		if err != ErrNotCached {
-			return addresses, true
-		}
-	} else {
-		response4, _ := c.loadResponse(dns.Question{
-			Name:   dnsName,
-			Qtype:  dns.TypeA,
-			Qclass: dns.ClassINET,
-		}, nil)
-		response6, _ := c.loadResponse(dns.Question{
-			Name:   dnsName,
-			Qtype:  dns.TypeAAAA,
-			Qclass: dns.ClassINET,
-		}, nil)
-		if response4 != nil || response6 != nil {
-			return sortAddresses(MessageToAddresses(response4), MessageToAddresses(response6), strategy), true
-		}
-	}
-	return nil, false
-}
-
-func (c *Client) ExchangeCache(ctx context.Context, message *dns.Msg) (*dns.Msg, bool) {
-	if c.disableCache || c.independentCache || len(message.Question) != 1 {
-		return nil, false
-	}
-	question := message.Question[0]
-	response, ttl := c.loadResponse(question, nil)
-	if response == nil {
-		return nil, false
-	}
-	logCachedResponse(c.logger, ctx, response, ttl)
-	response.Id = message.Id
-	return response, true
-}
-
 func sortAddresses(response4 []netip.Addr, response6 []netip.Addr, strategy C.DomainStrategy) []netip.Addr {
 	if strategy == C.DomainStrategyPreferIPv6 {
 		return append(response6, response4...)
--- a/dns/router.go
+++ b/dns/router.go
@@ -214,97 +214,89 @@ func (r *Router) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, options adapte
 	}
 	r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "exchange ", FormatQuestion(message.Question[0].String()))
 	var (
+		response  *mDNS.Msg
 		transport adapter.DNSTransport
 		err       error
 	)
-	response, cached := r.client.ExchangeCache(ctx, message)
-	if !cached {
-		var metadata *adapter.InboundContext
-		ctx, metadata = adapter.ExtendContext(ctx)
-		metadata.Destination = M.Socksaddr{}
-		metadata.QueryType = message.Question[0].Qtype
-		switch metadata.QueryType {
-		case mDNS.TypeA:
-			metadata.IPVersion = 4
-		case mDNS.TypeAAAA:
-			metadata.IPVersion = 6
-		}
-		metadata.Domain = FqdnToDomain(message.Question[0].Name)
-		if options.Transport != nil {
-			transport = options.Transport
-			if legacyTransport, isLegacy := transport.(adapter.LegacyDNSTransport); isLegacy {
-				if options.Strategy == C.DomainStrategyAsIS {
-					options.Strategy = legacyTransport.LegacyStrategy()
-				}
-				if !options.ClientSubnet.IsValid() {
-					options.ClientSubnet = legacyTransport.LegacyClientSubnet()
-				}
-			}
+	var metadata *adapter.InboundContext
+	ctx, metadata = adapter.ExtendContext(ctx)
+	metadata.Destination = M.Socksaddr{}
+	metadata.QueryType = message.Question[0].Qtype
+	switch metadata.QueryType {
+	case mDNS.TypeA:
+		metadata.IPVersion = 4
+	case mDNS.TypeAAAA:
+		metadata.IPVersion = 6
+	}
+	metadata.Domain = FqdnToDomain(message.Question[0].Name)
+	if options.Transport != nil {
+		transport = options.Transport
+		if legacyTransport, isLegacy := transport.(adapter.LegacyDNSTransport); isLegacy {
 			if options.Strategy == C.DomainStrategyAsIS {
-				options.Strategy = r.defaultDomainStrategy
+				options.Strategy = legacyTransport.LegacyStrategy()
 			}
-			response, err = r.client.Exchange(ctx, transport, message, options, nil)
-		} else {
-			var (
-				rule      adapter.DNSRule
-				ruleIndex int
-			)
-			ruleIndex = -1
-			for {
-				dnsCtx := adapter.OverrideContext(ctx)
-				dnsOptions := options
-				transport, rule, ruleIndex = r.matchDNS(ctx, true, ruleIndex, isAddressQuery(message), &dnsOptions)
-				if rule != nil {
-					switch action := rule.Action().(type) {
-					case *R.RuleActionReject:
-						switch action.Method {
-						case C.RuleActionRejectMethodDefault:
-							return &mDNS.Msg{
-								MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
-									Id:       message.Id,
-									Rcode:    mDNS.RcodeRefused,
-									Response: true,
-								},
-								Question: []mDNS.Question{message.Question[0]},
-							}, nil
-						case C.RuleActionRejectMethodDrop:
-							return nil, tun.ErrDrop
-						}
-					case *R.RuleActionPredefined:
-						return action.Response(message), nil
-					}
-				}
-				var responseCheck func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool
-				if rule != nil && rule.WithAddressLimit() {
-					responseCheck = func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool {
-						metadata.DestinationAddresses = responseAddrs
-						return rule.MatchAddressLimit(metadata)
-					}
-				}
-				if dnsOptions.Strategy == C.DomainStrategyAsIS {
-					dnsOptions.Strategy = r.defaultDomainStrategy
-				}
-				response, err = r.client.Exchange(dnsCtx, transport, message, dnsOptions, responseCheck)
-				var rejected bool
-				if err != nil {
-					if errors.Is(err, ErrResponseRejectedCached) {
-						rejected = true
-						r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "response rejected for ", FormatQuestion(message.Question[0].String())), " (cached)")
-					} else if errors.Is(err, ErrResponseRejected) {
-						rejected = true
-						r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "response rejected for ", FormatQuestion(message.Question[0].String())))
-					} else if len(message.Question) > 0 {
-						r.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "exchange failed for ", FormatQuestion(message.Question[0].String())))
-					} else {
-						r.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "exchange failed for <empty query>"))
-					}
-				}
-				if responseCheck != nil && rejected {
-					continue
-				}
-				break
+			if !options.ClientSubnet.IsValid() {
+				options.ClientSubnet = legacyTransport.LegacyClientSubnet()
 			}
 		}
+		if options.Strategy == C.DomainStrategyAsIS {
+			options.Strategy = r.defaultDomainStrategy
+		}
+		response, err = r.client.Exchange(ctx, transport, message, options, nil)
+	} else {
+		var (
+			rule      adapter.DNSRule
+			ruleIndex int
+		)
+		ruleIndex = -1
+		for {
+			dnsCtx := adapter.OverrideContext(ctx)
+			dnsOptions := options
+			transport, rule, ruleIndex = r.matchDNS(ctx, true, ruleIndex, isAddressQuery(message), &dnsOptions)
+			if rule != nil {
+				switch action := rule.Action().(type) {
+				case *R.RuleActionReject:
+					switch action.Method {
+					case C.RuleActionRejectMethodDefault:
+						return &mDNS.Msg{
+							MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
+								Id:       message.Id,
+								Rcode:    mDNS.RcodeRefused,
+								Response: true,
+							},
+							Question: []mDNS.Question{message.Question[0]},
+						}, nil
+					case C.RuleActionRejectMethodDrop:
+						return nil, tun.ErrDrop
+					}
+				case *R.RuleActionPredefined:
+					return action.Response(message), nil
+				}
+			}
+			responseCheck := addressLimitResponseCheck(rule, metadata)
+			if dnsOptions.Strategy == C.DomainStrategyAsIS {
+				dnsOptions.Strategy = r.defaultDomainStrategy
+			}
+			response, err = r.client.Exchange(dnsCtx, transport, message, dnsOptions, responseCheck)
+			var rejected bool
+			if err != nil {
+				if errors.Is(err, ErrResponseRejectedCached) {
+					rejected = true
+					r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "response rejected for ", FormatQuestion(message.Question[0].String())), " (cached)")
+				} else if errors.Is(err, ErrResponseRejected) {
+					rejected = true
+					r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "response rejected for ", FormatQuestion(message.Question[0].String())))
+				} else if len(message.Question) > 0 {
+					r.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "exchange failed for ", FormatQuestion(message.Question[0].String())))
+				} else {
+					r.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "exchange failed for <empty query>"))
+				}
+			}
+			if responseCheck != nil && rejected {
+				continue
+			}
+			break
+		}
 	}
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -327,7 +319,6 @@ func (r *Router) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, options adapte
 func (r *Router) Lookup(ctx context.Context, domain string, options adapter.DNSQueryOptions) ([]netip.Addr, error) {
 	var (
 		responseAddrs []netip.Addr
-		cached        bool
 		err           error
 	)
 	printResult := func() {
@@ -347,13 +338,6 @@ func (r *Router) Lookup(ctx context.Context, domain string, options adapter.DNSQ
 			err = E.Cause(err, "lookup ", domain)
 		}
 	}
-	responseAddrs, cached = r.client.LookupCache(domain, options.Strategy)
-	if cached {
-		if len(responseAddrs) == 0 {
-			return nil, E.New("lookup ", domain, ": empty result (cached)")
-		}
-		return responseAddrs, nil
-	}
 	r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "lookup domain ", domain)
 	ctx, metadata := adapter.ExtendContext(ctx)
 	metadata.Destination = M.Socksaddr{}
@@ -386,16 +370,13 @@ func (r *Router) Lookup(ctx context.Context, domain string, options adapter.DNSQ
 			if rule != nil {
 				switch action := rule.Action().(type) {
 				case *R.RuleActionReject:
-					switch action.Method {
-					case C.RuleActionRejectMethodDefault:
-						return nil, nil
-					case C.RuleActionRejectMethodDrop:
-						return nil, tun.ErrDrop
-					}
+					return nil, &R.RejectedError{Cause: action.Error(ctx)}
 				case *R.RuleActionPredefined:
+					responseAddrs = nil
 					if action.Rcode != mDNS.RcodeSuccess {
 						err = RcodeError(action.Rcode)
 					} else {
+						err = nil
 						for _, answer := range action.Answer {
 							switch record := answer.(type) {
 							case *mDNS.A:
@@ -408,13 +389,7 @@ func (r *Router) Lookup(ctx context.Context, domain string, options adapter.DNSQ
 					goto response
 				}
 			}
-			var responseCheck func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool
-			if rule != nil && rule.WithAddressLimit() {
-				responseCheck = func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool {
-					metadata.DestinationAddresses = responseAddrs
-					return rule.MatchAddressLimit(metadata)
-				}
-			}
+			responseCheck := addressLimitResponseCheck(rule, metadata)
 			if dnsOptions.Strategy == C.DomainStrategyAsIS {
 				dnsOptions.Strategy = r.defaultDomainStrategy
 			}
@@ -442,6 +417,18 @@ func isAddressQuery(message *mDNS.Msg) bool {
 	return false
 }

+func addressLimitResponseCheck(rule adapter.DNSRule, metadata *adapter.InboundContext) func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool {
+	if rule == nil || !rule.WithAddressLimit() {
+		return nil
+	}
+	responseMetadata := *metadata
+	return func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool {
+		checkMetadata := responseMetadata
+		checkMetadata.DestinationAddresses = responseAddrs
+		return rule.MatchAddressLimit(&checkMetadata)
+	}
+}
+
 func (r *Router) ClearCache() {
 	r.client.ClearCache()
 	if r.platformInterface != nil {
--- a/dns/transport/dhcp/dhcp.go
+++ b/dns/transport/dhcp/dhcp.go
@@ -243,6 +243,7 @@ func (t *Transport) fetchServersResponse(iface *control.Interface, packetConn ne
 	defer buffer.Release()

 	for {
+		buffer.Reset()
 		_, _, err := buffer.ReadPacketFrom(packetConn)
 		if err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, io.ErrShortBuffer) {
--- a/dns/transport/fakeip/store.go
+++ b/dns/transport/fakeip/store.go
@@ -17,18 +17,43 @@ type Store struct {
 	logger       logger.Logger
 	inet4Range   netip.Prefix
 	inet6Range   netip.Prefix
+	inet4Last    netip.Addr
+	inet6Last    netip.Addr
 	storage      adapter.FakeIPStorage
 	inet4Current netip.Addr
 	inet6Current netip.Addr
 }

 func NewStore(ctx context.Context, logger logger.Logger, inet4Range netip.Prefix, inet6Range netip.Prefix) *Store {
-	return &Store{
+	store := &Store{
 		ctx:        ctx,
 		logger:     logger,
 		inet4Range: inet4Range,
 		inet6Range: inet6Range,
 	}
+	if inet4Range.IsValid() {
+		store.inet4Last = broadcastAddress(inet4Range)
+	}
+	if inet6Range.IsValid() {
+		store.inet6Last = broadcastAddress(inet6Range)
+	}
+	return store
+}
+
+func broadcastAddress(prefix netip.Prefix) netip.Addr {
+	addr := prefix.Addr()
+	raw := addr.As16()
+	bits := prefix.Bits()
+	if addr.Is4() {
+		bits += 96
+	}
+	for i := bits; i < 128; i++ {
+		raw[i/8] |= 1 << (7 - i%8)
+	}
+	if addr.Is4() {
+		return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte(raw[12:]))
+	}
+	return netip.AddrFrom16(raw)
 }

 func (s *Store) Start() error {
@@ -46,10 +71,10 @@ func (s *Store) Start() error {
 		s.inet6Current = metadata.Inet6Current
 	} else {
 		if s.inet4Range.IsValid() {
-			s.inet4Current = s.inet4Range.Addr().Next().Next()
+			s.inet4Current = s.inet4Range.Addr().Next()
 		}
 		if s.inet6Range.IsValid() {
-			s.inet6Current = s.inet6Range.Addr().Next().Next()
+			s.inet6Current = s.inet6Range.Addr().Next()
 		}
 		_ = storage.FakeIPReset()
 	}
@@ -83,7 +108,7 @@ func (s *Store) Create(domain string, isIPv6 bool) (netip.Addr, error) {
 			return netip.Addr{}, E.New("missing IPv4 fakeip address range")
 		}
 		nextAddress := s.inet4Current.Next()
-		if !s.inet4Range.Contains(nextAddress) {
+		if nextAddress == s.inet4Last || !s.inet4Range.Contains(nextAddress) {
 			nextAddress = s.inet4Range.Addr().Next().Next()
 		}
 		s.inet4Current = nextAddress
@@ -93,7 +118,7 @@ func (s *Store) Create(domain string, isIPv6 bool) (netip.Addr, error) {
 			return netip.Addr{}, E.New("missing IPv6 fakeip address range")
 		}
 		nextAddress := s.inet6Current.Next()
-		if !s.inet6Range.Contains(nextAddress) {
+		if nextAddress == s.inet6Last || !s.inet6Range.Contains(nextAddress) {
 			nextAddress = s.inet6Range.Addr().Next().Next()
 		}
 		s.inet6Current = nextAddress
--- a/dns/transport/https.go
+++ b/dns/transport/https.go
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
 	sHTTP "github.com/sagernet/sing/protocol/http"

 	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ type HTTPSTransport struct {
 	destination      *url.URL
 	headers          http.Header
 	transportAccess  sync.Mutex
-	transport        *http.Transport
+	transport        *HTTPSTransportWrapper
 	transportResetAt time.Time
 }

@@ -62,11 +61,8 @@ func NewHTTPS(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if common.Error(tlsConfig.Config()) == nil && !common.Contains(tlsConfig.NextProtos(), http2.NextProtoTLS) {
-		tlsConfig.SetNextProtos(append(tlsConfig.NextProtos(), http2.NextProtoTLS))
-	}
-	if !common.Contains(tlsConfig.NextProtos(), "http/1.1") {
-		tlsConfig.SetNextProtos(append(tlsConfig.NextProtos(), "http/1.1"))
+	if len(tlsConfig.NextProtos()) == 0 {
+		tlsConfig.SetNextProtos([]string{http2.NextProtoTLS, "http/1.1"})
 	}
 	headers := options.Headers.Build()
 	host := headers.Get("Host")
@@ -124,37 +120,13 @@ func NewHTTPSRaw(
 	serverAddr M.Socksaddr,
 	tlsConfig tls.Config,
 ) *HTTPSTransport {
-	var transport *http.Transport
-	if tlsConfig != nil {
-		transport = &http.Transport{
-			ForceAttemptHTTP2: true,
-			DialTLSContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-				tcpConn, hErr := dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, serverAddr)
-				if hErr != nil {
-					return nil, hErr
-				}
-				tlsConn, hErr := aTLS.ClientHandshake(ctx, tcpConn, tlsConfig)
-				if hErr != nil {
-					tcpConn.Close()
-					return nil, hErr
-				}
-				return tlsConn, nil
-			},
-		}
-	} else {
-		transport = &http.Transport{
-			DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-				return dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, serverAddr)
-			},
-		}
-	}
 	return &HTTPSTransport{
 		TransportAdapter: adapter,
 		logger:           logger,
 		dialer:           dialer,
 		destination:      destination,
 		headers:          headers,
-		transport:        transport,
+		transport:        NewHTTPSTransportWrapper(tls.NewDialer(dialer, tlsConfig), serverAddr),
 	}
 }

--- a/dns/transport/https_transport.go
+++ b/dns/transport/https_transport.go
@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+package transport
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
+)
+
+var errFallback = E.New("fallback to HTTP/1.1")
+
+type HTTPSTransportWrapper struct {
+	http2Transport *http2.Transport
+	httpTransport  *http.Transport
+	fallback       *atomic.Bool
+}
+
+func NewHTTPSTransportWrapper(dialer tls.Dialer, serverAddr M.Socksaddr) *HTTPSTransportWrapper {
+	var fallback atomic.Bool
+	return &HTTPSTransportWrapper{
+		http2Transport: &http2.Transport{
+			DialTLSContext: func(ctx context.Context, _, _ string, _ *tls.STDConfig) (net.Conn, error) {
+				tlsConn, err := dialer.DialTLSContext(ctx, serverAddr)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+				state := tlsConn.ConnectionState()
+				if state.NegotiatedProtocol == http2.NextProtoTLS {
+					return tlsConn, nil
+				}
+				tlsConn.Close()
+				fallback.Store(true)
+				return nil, errFallback
+			},
+		},
+		httpTransport: &http.Transport{
+			DialTLSContext: func(ctx context.Context, _, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
+				return dialer.DialTLSContext(ctx, serverAddr)
+			},
+		},
+		fallback: &fallback,
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *HTTPSTransportWrapper) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if h.fallback.Load() {
+		return h.httpTransport.RoundTrip(request)
+	} else {
+		response, err := h.http2Transport.RoundTrip(request)
+		if err != nil {
+			if errors.Is(err, errFallback) {
+				return h.httpTransport.RoundTrip(request)
+			}
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return response, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *HTTPSTransportWrapper) CloseIdleConnections() {
+	h.http2Transport.CloseIdleConnections()
+	h.httpTransport.CloseIdleConnections()
+}
+
+func (h *HTTPSTransportWrapper) Clone() *HTTPSTransportWrapper {
+	return &HTTPSTransportWrapper{
+		httpTransport: h.httpTransport,
+		http2Transport: &http2.Transport{
+			DialTLSContext: h.http2Transport.DialTLSContext,
+		},
+		fallback: h.fallback,
+	}
+}
--- a/dns/transport/local/local.go
+++ b/dns/transport/local/local.go
@@ -54,18 +54,17 @@ func (t *Transport) Close() error {

 func (t *Transport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
 	question := message.Question[0]
-	domain := dns.FqdnToDomain(question.Name)
 	if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA {
-		addresses := t.hosts.Lookup(domain)
+		addresses := t.hosts.Lookup(dns.FqdnToDomain(question.Name))
 		if len(addresses) > 0 {
 			return dns.FixedResponse(message.Id, question, addresses, C.DefaultDNSTTL), nil
 		}
 	}
 	systemConfig := getSystemDNSConfig(t.ctx)
 	if systemConfig.singleRequest || !(message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA) {
-		return t.exchangeSingleRequest(ctx, systemConfig, message, domain)
+		return t.exchangeSingleRequest(ctx, systemConfig, message, question.Name)
 	} else {
-		return t.exchangeParallel(ctx, systemConfig, message, domain)
+		return t.exchangeParallel(ctx, systemConfig, message, question.Name)
 	}
 }

--- a/dns/transport/local/local_fallback.go
+++ b/dns/transport/local/local_fallback.go
@@ -67,7 +67,6 @@ func (f *FallbackTransport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*m
 		return f.DNSTransport.Exchange(ctx, message)
 	}
 	question := message.Question[0]
-	domain := dns.FqdnToDomain(question.Name)
 	if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA {
 		var network string
 		if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA {
@@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ func (f *FallbackTransport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*m
 		} else {
 			network = "ip6"
 		}
-		addresses, err := f.resolver.LookupNetIP(ctx, network, domain)
+		addresses, err := f.resolver.LookupNetIP(ctx, network, question.Name)
 		if err != nil {
 			var dnsError *net.DNSError
 			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
@@ -85,7 +84,7 @@ func (f *FallbackTransport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*m
 		}
 		return dns.FixedResponse(message.Id, question, addresses, C.DefaultDNSTTL), nil
 	} else if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeNS {
-		records, err := f.resolver.LookupNS(ctx, domain)
+		records, err := f.resolver.LookupNS(ctx, question.Name)
 		if err != nil {
 			var dnsError *net.DNSError
 			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
@@ -114,7 +113,7 @@ func (f *FallbackTransport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*m
 		}
 		return response, nil
 	} else if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeCNAME {
-		cname, err := f.resolver.LookupCNAME(ctx, domain)
+		cname, err := f.resolver.LookupCNAME(ctx, question.Name)
 		if err != nil {
 			var dnsError *net.DNSError
 			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
@@ -142,7 +141,7 @@ func (f *FallbackTransport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*m
 			},
 		}, nil
 	} else if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeTXT {
-		records, err := f.resolver.LookupTXT(ctx, domain)
+		records, err := f.resolver.LookupTXT(ctx, question.Name)
 		if err != nil {
 			var dnsError *net.DNSError
 			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
@@ -170,7 +169,7 @@ func (f *FallbackTransport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*m
 			},
 		}, nil
 	} else if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeMX {
-		records, err := f.resolver.LookupMX(ctx, domain)
+		records, err := f.resolver.LookupMX(ctx, question.Name)
 		if err != nil {
 			var dnsError *net.DNSError
 			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
--- a/dns/transport/local/resolv_windows.go
+++ b/dns/transport/local/resolv_windows.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
+	"strconv"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 	"unsafe"
@@ -63,6 +64,9 @@ func dnsReadConfig(ctx context.Context, _ string) *dnsConfig {
 					continue
 				}
 				dnsServerAddr = netip.AddrFrom16(sockaddr.Addr)
+				if sockaddr.ZoneId != 0 {
+					dnsServerAddr = dnsServerAddr.WithZone(strconv.FormatInt(int64(sockaddr.ZoneId), 10))
+				}
 			default:
 				// Unexpected type.
 				continue
--- a/docs/changelog.md
+++ b/docs/changelog.md
@@ -2,6 +2,100 @@
 icon: material/alert-decagram
 ---

+#### 1.12.25
+
+* Backport fixes
+
+#### 1.12.25
+
+* Backport fixes
+
+#### 1.12.23
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.12.22
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.12.21
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.12.20
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.12.19
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.12.18
+
+* Add fallback routing rule for `auto_redirect` **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+Adds a fallback iproute2 rule checked after system default rules (32766: main, 32767: default),
+ensuring traffic is routed to the sing-box table when no route is found in system tables.
+
+The rule index can be customized via `auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index` (default: 32768).
+
+#### 1.12.17
+
+* Update uTLS to v1.8.2 **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+This update fixes missing padding extension for Chrome 120+ fingerprints.
+
+Also, documentation has been updated with a warning about uTLS fingerprinting vulnerabilities.
+uTLS is not recommended for censorship circumvention due to fundamental architectural limitations;
+use NaiveProxy instead for TLS fingerprint resistance.
+
+#### 1.12.16
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.12.15
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.12.14
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.12.13
+
+* Fix naive inbound
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+__Unfortunately, for non-technical reasons, we are currently unable to notarize the standalone version of the macOS client:
+because system extensions require signatures to function, we have had to temporarily halt its release.__
+
+__We plan to fix the App Store release issue and launch a new standalone desktop client, but until then,
+only clients on TestFlight will be available (unless you have an Apple Developer Program and compile from source code).__
+
+#### 1.12.12
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.12.11
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.12.10
+
+* Update uTLS to v1.8.1 **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+This update fixes an critical issue that could cause simulated Chrome fingerprints to be detected,
+see https://github.com/refraction-networking/utls/pull/375.
+
 #### 1.12.9

 * Fixes and improvements
@@ -96,7 +190,8 @@ See [Tailscale](/configuration/endpoint/tailscale/).

 Due to maintenance difficulties, sing-box 1.12.0 requires at least Go 1.23 to compile.

-For Windows 7 users, legacy binaries now continue to compile with Go 1.23 and patches from [MetaCubeX/go](https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go).
+For Windows 7 users, legacy binaries now continue to compile with Go 1.23 and patches
+from [MetaCubeX/go](https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go).

 **7**:

@@ -158,7 +253,8 @@ See [Tun](/configuration/inbound/tun/#loopback_address).

 We have significantly improved the performance of tun inbound on Apple platforms, especially in the gVisor stack.

-The following data was tested using [tun_bench](https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/blob/dev-next/cmd/internal/tun_bench/main.go) on M4 MacBook pro.
+The following data was tested
+using [tun_bench](https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/blob/dev-next/cmd/internal/tun_bench/main.go) on M4 MacBook pro.

 | Version     | Stack  | MTU   | Upload | Download |
 |-------------|--------|-------|--------|----------|
@@ -177,8 +273,8 @@ The following data was tested using [tun_bench](https://github.com/SagerNet/sing

 **18**:

-We continue to experience issues updating our sing-box apps on the App Store and Play Store. 
-Until we rewrite and resubmit the apps, they are considered irrecoverable. 
+We continue to experience issues updating our sing-box apps on the App Store and Play Store.
+Until we rewrite and resubmit the apps, they are considered irrecoverable.
 Therefore, after this release, we will not be repeating this notice unless there is new information.

 ### 1.11.15
@@ -459,7 +555,8 @@ See [AnyTLS Inbound](/configuration/inbound/anytls/) and [AnyTLS Outbound](/conf

 **2**:

-`resolve` route action now accepts `disable_cache` and other options like in DNS route actions, see [Route Action](/configuration/route/rule_action).
+`resolve` route action now accepts `disable_cache` and other options like in DNS route actions,
+see [Route Action](/configuration/route/rule_action).

 **3**:

@@ -490,7 +587,8 @@ See [Tailscale](/configuration/endpoint/tailscale/).

 Due to maintenance difficulties, sing-box 1.12.0 requires at least Go 1.23 to compile.

-For Windows 7 users, legacy binaries now continue to compile with Go 1.23 and patches from [MetaCubeX/go](https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go).
+For Windows 7 users, legacy binaries now continue to compile with Go 1.23 and patches
+from [MetaCubeX/go](https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go).

 ### 1.11.3

--- a/docs/clients/apple/index.md
+++ b/docs/clients/apple/index.md
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ platform-specific function implementation, such as TUN transparent proxy impleme

 !!! failure ""

-    We are temporarily unable to update sing-box apps on the App Store because the reviewer mistakenly found that we violated the rules (TestFlight users are not affected).
+    Due to non-technical reasons, we are temporarily unable to update the sing-box app on the App Store and release the standalone version of the macOS client (TestFlight users are not affected)

 ## :material-graph: Requirements

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ platform-specific function implementation, such as TUN transparent proxy impleme

 ## :material-download: Download

-* [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/sing-box-vt/id6673731168)
+* ~~[App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/sing-box-vt/id6673731168)~~
 * TestFlight (Beta)

 TestFlight quota is only available to [sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/nekohasekai)
@@ -26,15 +26,15 @@ TestFlight quota is only available to [sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/nek
 Once you donate, you can get an invitation by join our Telegram group for sponsors from [@yet_another_sponsor_bot](https://t.me/yet_another_sponsor_bot)
 or sending us your Apple ID [via email](mailto:contact@sagernet.org).

-## :material-file-download: Download (macOS standalone version)
+## ~~:material-file-download: Download (macOS standalone version)~~

-* [Homebrew Cask](https://formulae.brew.sh/cask/sfm)
+* ~~[Homebrew Cask](https://formulae.brew.sh/cask/sfm)~~

 ```bash
-brew install sfm
+# brew install sfm
 ```

-* [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases)
+* ~~[GitHub Releases](https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases)~~

 ## :material-source-repository: Source code

--- a/docs/configuration/inbound/shadowsocks.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/inbound/shadowsocks.md
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@

  "method": "2022-blake3-aes-128-gcm",
  "password": "8JCsPssfgS8tiRwiMlhARg==",
+  "managed": false,
  "multiplex": {}
 }
 ```
@@ -86,6 +87,10 @@ Both if empty.
 | 2022 methods  | `sing-box generate rand --base64 <Key Length>` |
 | other methods | any string                                     |

+#### managed
+
+Defaults to `false`. Enable this when the inbound is managed by the [SSM API](/configuration/service/ssm-api) for dynamic user.
+
 #### multiplex

 See [Multiplex](/configuration/shared/multiplex#inbound) for details.
--- a/docs/configuration/inbound/shadowsocks.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/inbound/shadowsocks.zh.md
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@

  "method": "2022-blake3-aes-128-gcm",
  "password": "8JCsPssfgS8tiRwiMlhARg==",
+  "managed": false,
  "multiplex": {}
 }
 ```
@@ -86,6 +87,10 @@ See [Listen Fields](/configuration/shared/listen/) for details.
 | 2022 methods  | `sing-box generate rand --base64 <密钥长度>` |
 | other methods | 任意字符串                                    |

+#### managed
+
+默认为 `false`。当该入站需要由 [SSM API](/zh/configuration/service/ssm-api) 管理用户时必须启用此字段。
+
 #### multiplex

 参阅 [多路复用](/zh/configuration/shared/multiplex#inbound)。
--- a/docs/configuration/inbound/tun.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/inbound/tun.md
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 icon: material/new-box
 ---

+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.12.18"
+
+    :material-plus: [auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index](#auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index)
+
 !!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.12.0"

    :material-plus: [loopback_address](#loopback_address)
@@ -63,6 +67,7 @@ icon: material/new-box
  "auto_redirect": true,
  "auto_redirect_input_mark": "0x2023",
  "auto_redirect_output_mark": "0x2024",
+  "auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index": 32768,
  "loopback_address": [
    "10.7.0.1"
  ],
@@ -278,6 +283,17 @@ Connection output mark used by `auto_redirect`.

 `0x2024` is used by default.

+#### auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.12.18"
+
+Linux iproute2 fallback rule index generated by `auto_redirect`.
+
+This rule is checked after system default rules (32766: main, 32767: default),
+routing traffic to the sing-box table only when no route is found in system tables.
+
+`32768` is used by default.
+
 #### loopback_address

 !!! question "Since sing-box 1.12.0"
--- a/docs/configuration/inbound/tun.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/inbound/tun.zh.md
@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 icon: material/new-box
 ---

+!!! quote "sing-box 1.12.18 中的更改"
+
+    :material-plus: [auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index](#auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index)
+
 !!! quote "sing-box 1.12.0 中的更改"

    :material-plus: [loopback_address](#loopback_address)
@@ -63,6 +67,7 @@ icon: material/new-box
  "auto_redirect": true,
  "auto_redirect_input_mark": "0x2023",
  "auto_redirect_output_mark": "0x2024",
+  "auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index": 32768,
  "loopback_address": [
    "10.7.0.1"
  ],
@@ -277,6 +282,17 @@ tun 接口的 IPv6 前缀。

 默认使用 `0x2024`。

+#### auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.12.18 起"
+
+`auto_redirect` 生成的 iproute2 回退规则索引。
+
+此规则在系统默认规则（32766: main，32767: default）之后检查，
+仅当系统路由表中未找到路由时才将流量路由到 sing-box 路由表。
+
+默认使用 `32768`。
+
 #### loopback_address

 !!! question "自 sing-box 1.12.0 起"
--- a/docs/configuration/shared/tls.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/shared/tls.md
@@ -230,9 +230,18 @@ The path to the server private key, in PEM format.

 ==Client only==

-!!! failure ""
-    
-    There is no evidence that GFW detects and blocks servers based on TLS client fingerprinting, and using an imperfect emulation that has not been security reviewed could pose security risks.
+!!! failure "Not Recommended"
+
+    uTLS has had repeated fingerprinting vulnerabilities discovered by researchers.
+
+    uTLS is a Go library that attempts to imitate browser TLS fingerprints by copying
+    ClientHello structure. However, browsers use completely different TLS stacks
+    (Chrome uses BoringSSL, Firefox uses NSS) with distinct implementation behaviors
+    that cannot be replicated by simply copying the handshake format, making detection possible.
+    Additionally, the library lacks active maintenance and has poor code quality,
+    making it unsuitable for censorship circumvention.
+
+    For TLS fingerprint resistance, use [NaiveProxy](/configuration/inbound/naive/) instead.

 uTLS is a fork of "crypto/tls", which provides ClientHello fingerprinting resistance.

--- a/docs/configuration/shared/tls.zh.md
+++ b/docs/configuration/shared/tls.zh.md
@@ -220,9 +220,16 @@ TLS 版本值：

 ==仅客户端==

-!!! failure ""
+!!! failure "不推荐"

-    没有证据表明 GFW 根据 TLS 客户端指纹检测并阻止服务器，并且，使用一个未经安全审查的不完美模拟可能带来安全隐患。
+    uTLS 已被研究人员多次发现其指纹可被识别的漏洞。
+
+    uTLS 是一个试图通过复制 ClientHello 结构来模仿浏览器 TLS 指纹的 Go 库。
+    然而，浏览器使用完全不同的 TLS 实现（Chrome 使用 BoringSSL，Firefox 使用 NSS），
+    其实现行为无法通过简单复制握手格式来复现，其行为细节必然存在差异，使得检测成为可能。
+    此外，此库缺乏积极维护，且代码质量较差，不建议用于反审查场景。
+
+    如需 TLS 指纹抵抗，请改用 [NaiveProxy](/configuration/inbound/naive/)。

 uTLS 是 "crypto/tls" 的一个分支，它提供了 ClientHello 指纹识别阻力。

--- a/docs/manual/proxy-protocol/trojan.md
+++ b/docs/manual/proxy-protocol/trojan.md
@@ -4,8 +4,7 @@ icon: material/horse

 # Trojan

-Torjan is the most commonly used TLS proxy made in China. It can be used in various combinations,
-but only the combination of uTLS and multiplexing is recommended.
+Trojan is the most commonly used TLS proxy made in China. It can be used in various combinations.

 | Protocol and implementation combination | Specification                                                        | Resists passive detection | Resists active probes |
 |-----------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|---------------------------|-----------------------|
@@ -140,11 +139,7 @@ but only the combination of uTLS and multiplexing is recommended.
          "password": "password",
          "tls": {
            "enabled": true,
-            "server_name": "example.org",
-            "utls": {
-              "enabled": true,
-              "fingerprint": "firefox"
-            }
+            "server_name": "example.org"
          },
          "multiplex": {
            "enabled": true
@@ -171,11 +166,7 @@ but only the combination of uTLS and multiplexing is recommended.
          "tls": {
            "enabled": true,
            "server_name": "example.org",
-            "certificate_path": "/path/to/certificate.pem",
-            "utls": {
-              "enabled": true,
-              "fingerprint": "firefox"
-            }
+            "certificate_path": "/path/to/certificate.pem"
          },
          "multiplex": {
            "enabled": true
@@ -198,11 +189,7 @@ but only the combination of uTLS and multiplexing is recommended.
          "tls": {
            "enabled": true,
            "server_name": "example.org",
-            "insecure": true,
-            "utls": {
-              "enabled": true,
-              "fingerprint": "firefox"
-            }
+            "insecure": true
          },
          "multiplex": {
            "enabled": true
--- a/docs/sponsors.md
+++ b/docs/sponsors.md
@@ -11,16 +11,22 @@ the project maintainer via [GitHub Sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/nekohas

 ![](https://nekohasekai.github.io/sponsor-images/sponsors.svg)

-### Special Sponsors
+## Commercial Sponsors

-**Viral Tech, Inc.**
+> [Warp](https://go.warp.dev/sing-box), Built for coding with multiple AI agents.
+
+[![](https://github.com/warpdotdev/brand-assets/raw/refs/heads/main/Github/Sponsor/Warp-Github-LG-02.png)](https://go.warp.dev/sing-box)
+
+## Special Sponsors
+
+> Viral Tech, Inc.

 Helping us re-list sing-box apps on the Apple Store.

 ---

-[![JetBrains logo](https://resources.jetbrains.com/storage/products/company/brand/logos/jetbrains.svg)](https://www.jetbrains.com)
+> [JetBrains](https://www.jetbrains.com)

 Free license for the amazing IDEs.

---
+[![JetBrains logo](https://resources.jetbrains.com/storage/products/company/brand/logos/jetbrains.svg)](https://www.jetbrains.com)
--- a/experimental/clashapi/api_meta.go
+++ b/experimental/clashapi/api_meta.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package clashapi

 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"runtime/debug"
@@ -27,7 +28,7 @@ func (s *Server) setupMetaAPI(r chi.Router) {
 		})
 		r.Mount("/", middleware.Profiler())
 	}
-	r.Get("/memory", memory(s.trafficManager))
+	r.Get("/memory", memory(s.ctx, s.trafficManager))
 	r.Mount("/group", groupRouter(s))
 	r.Mount("/upgrade", upgradeRouter(s))
 }
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ type Memory struct {
 	OSLimit uint64 `json:"oslimit"` // maybe we need it in the future
 }

-func memory(trafficManager *trafficontrol.Manager) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func memory(ctx context.Context, trafficManager *trafficontrol.Manager) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		var conn net.Conn
 		if r.Header.Get("Upgrade") == "websocket" {
@@ -46,6 +47,7 @@ func memory(trafficManager *trafficontrol.Manager) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r
 			if err != nil {
 				return
 			}
+			defer conn.Close()
 		}

 		if conn == nil {
@@ -58,7 +60,12 @@ func memory(trafficManager *trafficontrol.Manager) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r
 		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
 		var err error
 		first := true
-		for range tick.C {
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-tick.C:
+			}
 			buf.Reset()

 			inuse := trafficManager.Snapshot().Memory
--- a/experimental/clashapi/connections.go
+++ b/experimental/clashapi/connections.go
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package clashapi

 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
 	"net/http"
 	"strconv"
 	"time"
@@ -17,15 +18,15 @@ import (
 	"github.com/gofrs/uuid/v5"
 )

-func connectionRouter(router adapter.Router, trafficManager *trafficontrol.Manager) http.Handler {
+func connectionRouter(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, trafficManager *trafficontrol.Manager) http.Handler {
 	r := chi.NewRouter()
-	r.Get("/", getConnections(trafficManager))
+	r.Get("/", getConnections(ctx, trafficManager))
 	r.Delete("/", closeAllConnections(router, trafficManager))
 	r.Delete("/{id}", closeConnection(trafficManager))
 	return r
 }

-func getConnections(trafficManager *trafficontrol.Manager) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func getConnections(ctx context.Context, trafficManager *trafficontrol.Manager) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		if r.Header.Get("Upgrade") != "websocket" {
 			snapshot := trafficManager.Snapshot()
@@ -37,6 +38,7 @@ func getConnections(trafficManager *trafficontrol.Manager) func(w http.ResponseW
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
+		defer conn.Close()

 		intervalStr := r.URL.Query().Get("interval")
 		interval := 1000
@@ -67,7 +69,12 @@ func getConnections(trafficManager *trafficontrol.Manager) func(w http.ResponseW

 		tick := time.NewTicker(time.Millisecond * time.Duration(interval))
 		defer tick.Stop()
-		for range tick.C {
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-tick.C:
+			}
 			if err = sendSnapshot(); err != nil {
 				break
 			}
--- a/experimental/clashapi/server.go
+++ b/experimental/clashapi/server.go
@@ -114,13 +114,13 @@ func NewServer(ctx context.Context, logFactory log.ObservableFactory, options op
 	chiRouter.Group(func(r chi.Router) {
 		r.Use(authentication(options.Secret))
 		r.Get("/", hello(options.ExternalUI != ""))
-		r.Get("/logs", getLogs(logFactory))
-		r.Get("/traffic", traffic(trafficManager))
+		r.Get("/logs", getLogs(s.ctx, logFactory))
+		r.Get("/traffic", traffic(s.ctx, trafficManager))
 		r.Get("/version", version)
 		r.Mount("/configs", configRouter(s, logFactory))
 		r.Mount("/proxies", proxyRouter(s, s.router))
 		r.Mount("/rules", ruleRouter(s.router))
-		r.Mount("/connections", connectionRouter(s.router, trafficManager))
+		r.Mount("/connections", connectionRouter(s.ctx, s.router, trafficManager))
 		r.Mount("/providers/proxies", proxyProviderRouter())
 		r.Mount("/providers/rules", ruleProviderRouter())
 		r.Mount("/script", scriptRouter())
@@ -305,7 +305,7 @@ type Traffic struct {
 	Down int64 `json:"down"`
 }

-func traffic(trafficManager *trafficontrol.Manager) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func traffic(ctx context.Context, trafficManager *trafficontrol.Manager) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		var conn net.Conn
 		if r.Header.Get("Upgrade") == "websocket" {
@@ -326,7 +326,12 @@ func traffic(trafficManager *trafficontrol.Manager) func(w http.ResponseWriter,
 		defer tick.Stop()
 		buf := &bytes.Buffer{}
 		uploadTotal, downloadTotal := trafficManager.Total()
-		for range tick.C {
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-tick.C:
+			}
 			buf.Reset()
 			uploadTotalNew, downloadTotalNew := trafficManager.Total()
 			err := json.NewEncoder(buf).Encode(Traffic{
@@ -357,7 +362,7 @@ type Log struct {
 	Payload string `json:"payload"`
 }

-func getLogs(logFactory log.ObservableFactory) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+func getLogs(ctx context.Context, logFactory log.ObservableFactory) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	return func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		levelText := r.URL.Query().Get("level")
 		if levelText == "" {
@@ -396,6 +401,8 @@ func getLogs(logFactory log.ObservableFactory) func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *ht
 		var logEntry log.Entry
 		for {
 			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
 			case <-done:
 				return
 			case logEntry = <-subscription:
--- a/go.mod
+++ b/go.mod
@@ -15,8 +15,8 @@ require (
 	github.com/libdns/alidns v1.0.5-libdns.v1.beta1
 	github.com/libdns/cloudflare v0.2.2-0.20250708034226-c574dccb31a6
 	github.com/logrusorgru/aurora v2.0.3+incompatible
-	github.com/metacubex/tfo-go v0.0.0-20250516165257-e29c16ae41d4
-	github.com/metacubex/utls v1.8.0
+	github.com/metacubex/tfo-go v0.0.0-20250921095601-b102db4216c0
+	github.com/metacubex/utls v1.8.4
 	github.com/mholt/acmez/v3 v3.1.2
 	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.67
 	github.com/oschwald/maxminddb-golang v1.13.1
@@ -26,17 +26,17 @@ require (
 	github.com/sagernet/fswatch v0.1.1
 	github.com/sagernet/gomobile v0.1.8
 	github.com/sagernet/gvisor v0.0.0-20250325023245-7a9c0f5725fb
-	github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.52.0-sing-box-mod.2
-	github.com/sagernet/sing v0.7.12
-	github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.3.3
-	github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.5.2-0.20250909083218-00a55617c0fb
+	github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.52.0-sing-box-mod.3
+	github.com/sagernet/sing v0.7.18
+	github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.3.4
+	github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.5.3
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks v0.2.8
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks2 v0.2.1
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowtls v0.2.1-0.20250503051639-fcd445d33c11
-	github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.7.2
+	github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.7.13
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-vmess v0.2.7
-	github.com/sagernet/smux v1.5.34-mod.2
-	github.com/sagernet/tailscale v1.80.3-sing-box-1.12-mod.1
+	github.com/sagernet/smux v1.5.50-sing-box-mod.1
+	github.com/sagernet/tailscale v1.80.3-sing-box-1.12-mod.2
 	github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go v0.0.1-beta.7
 	github.com/sagernet/ws v0.0.0-20231204124109-acfe8907c854
 	github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1
--- a/go.sum
+++ b/go.sum
@@ -28,7 +28,6 @@ github.com/cpuguy83/go-md2man/v2 v2.0.6/go.mod h1:oOW0eioCTA6cOiMLiUPZOpcVxMig6N
 github.com/cretz/bine v0.2.0 h1:8GiDRGlTgz+o8H9DSnsl+5MeBK4HsExxgl6WgzOCuZo=
 github.com/cretz/bine v0.2.0/go.mod h1:WU4o9QR9wWp8AVKtTM1XD5vUHkEqnf2vVSo6dBqbetI=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc h1:U9qPSI2PIWSS1VwoXQT9A3Wy9MM3WgvqSxFWenqJduM=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/dblohm7/wingoes v0.0.0-20240119213807-a09d6be7affa h1:h8TfIT1xc8FWbwwpmHn1J5i43Y0uZP97GqasGCzSRJk=
@@ -122,10 +121,10 @@ github.com/mdlayher/sdnotify v1.0.0 h1:Ma9XeLVN/l0qpyx1tNeMSeTjCPH6NtuD6/N9XdTlQ
 github.com/mdlayher/sdnotify v1.0.0/go.mod h1:HQUmpM4XgYkhDLtd+Uad8ZFK1T9D5+pNxnXQjCeJlGE=
 github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.5.1 h1:VZaqt6RkGkt2OE9l3GcC6nZkqD3xKeQLyfleW/uBcos=
 github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.5.1/go.mod h1:TjPLHI1UgwEv5J1B5q0zTZq12A/6H7nKmtTanQE37IQ=
-github.com/metacubex/tfo-go v0.0.0-20250516165257-e29c16ae41d4 h1:j1VRTiC9JLR4nUbSikx9OGdu/3AgFDqgcLj4GoqyQkc=
-github.com/metacubex/tfo-go v0.0.0-20250516165257-e29c16ae41d4/go.mod h1:l9oLnLoEXyGZ5RVLsh7QCC5XsouTUyKk4F2nLm2DHLw=
-github.com/metacubex/utls v1.8.0 h1:mSYi6FMnmc5riARl5UZDmWVy710z+P5b7xuGW0lV9ac=
-github.com/metacubex/utls v1.8.0/go.mod h1:FdjYzVfCtgtna19hX0ER1Xsa5uJInwdQ4IcaaI98lEQ=
+github.com/metacubex/tfo-go v0.0.0-20250921095601-b102db4216c0 h1:Ui+/2s5Qz0lSnDUBmEL12M5Oi/PzvFxGTNohm8ZcsmE=
+github.com/metacubex/tfo-go v0.0.0-20250921095601-b102db4216c0/go.mod h1:l9oLnLoEXyGZ5RVLsh7QCC5XsouTUyKk4F2nLm2DHLw=
+github.com/metacubex/utls v1.8.4 h1:HmL9nUApDdWSkgUyodfwF6hSjtiwCGGdyhaSpEejKpg=
+github.com/metacubex/utls v1.8.4/go.mod h1:kncGGVhFaoGn5M3pFe3SXhZCzsbCJayNOH4UEqTKTko=
 github.com/mholt/acmez/v3 v3.1.2 h1:auob8J/0FhmdClQicvJvuDavgd5ezwLBfKuYmynhYzc=
 github.com/mholt/acmez/v3 v3.1.2/go.mod h1:L1wOU06KKvq7tswuMDwKdcHeKpFFgkppZy/y0DFxagQ=
 github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.67 h1:kg0EHj0G4bfT5/oOys6HhZw4vmMlnoZ+gDu8tJ/AlI0=
@@ -164,29 +163,28 @@ github.com/sagernet/netlink v0.0.0-20240612041022-b9a21c07ac6a h1:ObwtHN2VpqE0ZN
 github.com/sagernet/netlink v0.0.0-20240612041022-b9a21c07ac6a/go.mod h1:xLnfdiJbSp8rNqYEdIW/6eDO4mVoogml14Bh2hSiFpM=
 github.com/sagernet/nftables v0.3.0-beta.4 h1:kbULlAwAC3jvdGAC1P5Fa3GSxVwQJibNenDW2zaXr8I=
 github.com/sagernet/nftables v0.3.0-beta.4/go.mod h1:OQXAjvjNGGFxaTgVCSTRIhYB5/llyVDeapVoENYBDS8=
-github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.52.0-sing-box-mod.2 h1:QTPr/ptUPsgregVfFXReBFrhv/8U83deZG8urQ7pWYI=
-github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.52.0-sing-box-mod.2/go.mod h1:OV+V5kEBb8kJS7k29MzDu6oj9GyMc7HA07sE1tedxz4=
-github.com/sagernet/sing v0.6.9/go.mod h1:ARkL0gM13/Iv5VCZmci/NuoOlePoIsW0m7BWfln/Hak=
-github.com/sagernet/sing v0.7.12 h1:MpMbO56crPRZTbltoj1wGk4Xj9+GiwH1wTO4s3fz1EA=
-github.com/sagernet/sing v0.7.12/go.mod h1:ARkL0gM13/Iv5VCZmci/NuoOlePoIsW0m7BWfln/Hak=
-github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.3.3 h1:YFgt9plMWzH994BMZLmyKL37PdIVaIilwP0Jg+EcLfw=
-github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.3.3/go.mod h1:pht8iFY4c9Xltj7rhVd208npkNaeCxzyXCgulDPLUDA=
-github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.5.2-0.20250909083218-00a55617c0fb h1:5Wx3XeTiKrrrcrAky7Hc1bO3CGxrvho2Vu5b/adlEIM=
-github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.5.2-0.20250909083218-00a55617c0fb/go.mod h1:evP1e++ZG8TJHVV5HudXV4vWeYzGfCdF4HwSJZcdqkI=
+github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.52.0-sing-box-mod.3 h1:ySqffGm82rPqI1TUPqmtHIYd12pfEGScygnOxjTL56w=
+github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.52.0-sing-box-mod.3/go.mod h1:OV+V5kEBb8kJS7k29MzDu6oj9GyMc7HA07sE1tedxz4=
+github.com/sagernet/sing v0.7.18 h1:iZHkaru1/MoHugx3G+9S3WG4owMewKO/KvieE2Pzk4E=
+github.com/sagernet/sing v0.7.18/go.mod h1:ARkL0gM13/Iv5VCZmci/NuoOlePoIsW0m7BWfln/Hak=
+github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.3.4 h1:ZQplKl8MNXutjzbMVtWvWG31fohhgOfCuUZR4dVQ8+s=
+github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.3.4/go.mod h1:QvlKMyNBNrQoyX4x+gq028uPbLM2XeRpWtDsWBJbFSk=
+github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.5.3 h1:K937DKJN98xqyztijRkLJqbBfyV4rEZcYxFyP3EBikU=
+github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.5.3/go.mod h1:evP1e++ZG8TJHVV5HudXV4vWeYzGfCdF4HwSJZcdqkI=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks v0.2.8 h1:PURj5PRoAkqeHh2ZW205RWzN9E9RtKCVCzByXruQWfE=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks v0.2.8/go.mod h1:lo7TWEMDcN5/h5B8S0ew+r78ZODn6SwVaFhvB6H+PTI=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks2 v0.2.1 h1:dWV9OXCeFPuYGHb6IRqlSptVnSzOelnqqs2gQ2/Qioo=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks2 v0.2.1/go.mod h1:RnXS0lExcDAovvDeniJ4IKa2IuChrdipolPYWBv9hWQ=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowtls v0.2.1-0.20250503051639-fcd445d33c11 h1:tK+75l64tm9WvEFrYRE1t0YxoFdWQqw/h7Uhzj0vJ+w=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowtls v0.2.1-0.20250503051639-fcd445d33c11/go.mod h1:sWqKnGlMipCHaGsw1sTTlimyUpgzP4WP3pjhCsYt9oA=
-github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.7.2 h1:uJkAZM0KBqIYzrq077QGqdvj/+4i/pMOx6Pnx0jYqAs=
-github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.7.2/go.mod h1:pUEjh9YHQ2gJT6Lk0TYDklh3WJy7lz+848vleGM3JPM=
+github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.7.13 h1:GuUBCymnGV/2jyxPae3eM9HlX1d7FaNxM97EqktDfy0=
+github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.7.13/go.mod h1:pUEjh9YHQ2gJT6Lk0TYDklh3WJy7lz+848vleGM3JPM=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-vmess v0.2.7 h1:2ee+9kO0xW5P4mfe6TYVWf9VtY8k1JhNysBqsiYj0sk=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-vmess v0.2.7/go.mod h1:5aYoOtYksAyS0NXDm0qKeTYW1yoE1bJVcv+XLcVoyJs=
-github.com/sagernet/smux v1.5.34-mod.2 h1:gkmBjIjlJ2zQKpLigOkFur5kBKdV6bNRoFu2WkltRQ4=
-github.com/sagernet/smux v1.5.34-mod.2/go.mod h1:0KW0+R+ycvA2INW4gbsd7BNyg+HEfLIAxa5N02/28Zc=
-github.com/sagernet/tailscale v1.80.3-sing-box-1.12-mod.1 h1:gMC0q+0VvZBotZMZ9G0R8ZMEIT/Q6KnXbw0/OgMjmdk=
-github.com/sagernet/tailscale v1.80.3-sing-box-1.12-mod.1/go.mod h1:EBxXsWu4OH2ELbQLq32WoBeIubG8KgDrg4/Oaxjs6lI=
+github.com/sagernet/smux v1.5.50-sing-box-mod.1 h1:XkJcivBC9V4wBjiGXIXZ229aZCU1hzcbp6kSkkyQ478=
+github.com/sagernet/smux v1.5.50-sing-box-mod.1/go.mod h1:NjhsCEWedJm7eFLyhuBgIEzwfhRmytrUoiLluxs5Sk8=
+github.com/sagernet/tailscale v1.80.3-sing-box-1.12-mod.2 h1:MO7s4ni2bSfAOhcan2rdQSWCztkMXmqyg6jYPZp8bEE=
+github.com/sagernet/tailscale v1.80.3-sing-box-1.12-mod.2/go.mod h1:EBxXsWu4OH2ELbQLq32WoBeIubG8KgDrg4/Oaxjs6lI=
 github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go v0.0.1-beta.7 h1:ltgBwYHfr+9Wz1eG59NiWnHrYEkDKHG7otNZvu85DXI=
 github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go v0.0.1-beta.7/go.mod h1:jGXij2Gn2wbrWuYNUmmNhf1dwcZtvyAvQoe8Xd8MbUo=
 github.com/sagernet/ws v0.0.0-20231204124109-acfe8907c854 h1:6uUiZcDRnZSAegryaUGwPC/Fj13JSHwiTftrXhMmYOc=
@@ -196,14 +194,7 @@ github.com/spf13/cobra v1.9.1/go.mod h1:nDyEzZ8ogv936Cinf6g1RU9MRY64Ir93oCnqb9wx
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6 h1:jFzHGLGAlb3ruxLB8MhbI6A8+AQX/2eW4qeyNZXNp2o=
 github.com/spf13/pflag v1.0.6/go.mod h1:McXfInJRrz4CZXVZOBLb0bTZqETkiAhM9Iw0y3An2Bg=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
-github.com/stretchr/objx v0.4.0/go.mod h1:YvHI0jy2hoMjB+UWwv71VJQ9isScKT/TqJzVSSt89Yw=
-github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.0/go.mod h1:Yh+to48EsGEfYuaHDzXPcE3xhTkx73EhmCGUpEOglKo=
-github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2/go.mod h1:FRsXN1f5AsAjCGJKqEizvkpNtU+EGNCLh3NxZ/8L+MA=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0/go.mod h1:yNjHg4UonilssWZ8iaSj1OCr/vHnekPRkoO+kdMU+MU=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4/go.mod h1:sz/lmYIOXD/1dqDmKjjqLyZ2RngseejIcXlSw2iwfAo=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0 h1:Xv5erBjTwe/5IxqUQTdXv5kgmIvbHo3QQyRwhJsOfJA=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.10.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
 github.com/tailscale/certstore v0.1.1-0.20231202035212-d3fa0460f47e h1:PtWT87weP5LWHEY//SWsYkSO3RWRZo4OSWagh3YD2vQ=
@@ -284,7 +275,6 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423082822-04245dca01da/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220817070843-5a390386f1f2/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.1.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.35.0 h1:vz1N37gP5bs89s7He8XuIYXpyY0+QlsKmzipCbUtyxI=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.35.0/go.mod h1:BJP2sWEmIv4KK5OTEluFJCKSidICx8ciO85XgH3Ak8k=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
--- a/option/options.go
+++ b/option/options.go
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"context"

 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
 )

@@ -60,37 +61,40 @@ func checkOptions(options *Options) error {

 func checkInbounds(inbounds []Inbound) error {
 	seen := make(map[string]bool)
-	for _, inbound := range inbounds {
-		if inbound.Tag == "" {
-			continue
+	for i, inbound := range inbounds {
+		tag := inbound.Tag
+		if tag == "" {
+			tag = F.ToString(i)
 		}
-		if seen[inbound.Tag] {
-			return E.New("duplicate inbound tag: ", inbound.Tag)
+		if seen[tag] {
+			return E.New("duplicate inbound tag: ", tag)
 		}
-		seen[inbound.Tag] = true
+		seen[tag] = true
 	}
 	return nil
 }

 func checkOutbounds(outbounds []Outbound, endpoints []Endpoint) error {
 	seen := make(map[string]bool)
-	for _, outbound := range outbounds {
-		if outbound.Tag == "" {
-			continue
+	for i, outbound := range outbounds {
+		tag := outbound.Tag
+		if tag == "" {
+			tag = F.ToString(i)
 		}
-		if seen[outbound.Tag] {
-			return E.New("duplicate outbound/endpoint tag: ", outbound.Tag)
+		if seen[tag] {
+			return E.New("duplicate outbound/endpoint tag: ", tag)
 		}
-		seen[outbound.Tag] = true
+		seen[tag] = true
 	}
-	for _, endpoint := range endpoints {
-		if endpoint.Tag == "" {
-			continue
+	for i, endpoint := range endpoints {
+		tag := endpoint.Tag
+		if tag == "" {
+			tag = F.ToString(i)
 		}
-		if seen[endpoint.Tag] {
-			return E.New("duplicate outbound/endpoint tag: ", endpoint.Tag)
+		if seen[tag] {
+			return E.New("duplicate outbound/endpoint tag: ", tag)
 		}
-		seen[endpoint.Tag] = true
+		seen[tag] = true
 	}
 	return nil
 }
--- a/option/tun.go
+++ b/option/tun.go
@@ -11,33 +11,34 @@ import (
 )

 type TunInboundOptions struct {
-	InterfaceName          string                           `json:"interface_name,omitempty"`
-	MTU                    uint32                           `json:"mtu,omitempty"`
-	Address                badoption.Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"address,omitempty"`
-	AutoRoute              bool                             `json:"auto_route,omitempty"`
-	IPRoute2TableIndex     int                              `json:"iproute2_table_index,omitempty"`
-	IPRoute2RuleIndex      int                              `json:"iproute2_rule_index,omitempty"`
-	AutoRedirect           bool                             `json:"auto_redirect,omitempty"`
-	AutoRedirectInputMark  FwMark                           `json:"auto_redirect_input_mark,omitempty"`
-	AutoRedirectOutputMark FwMark                           `json:"auto_redirect_output_mark,omitempty"`
-	LoopbackAddress        badoption.Listable[netip.Addr]   `json:"loopback_address,omitempty"`
-	StrictRoute            bool                             `json:"strict_route,omitempty"`
-	RouteAddress           badoption.Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"route_address,omitempty"`
-	RouteAddressSet        badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"route_address_set,omitempty"`
-	RouteExcludeAddress    badoption.Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"route_exclude_address,omitempty"`
-	RouteExcludeAddressSet badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"route_exclude_address_set,omitempty"`
-	IncludeInterface       badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"include_interface,omitempty"`
-	ExcludeInterface       badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"exclude_interface,omitempty"`
-	IncludeUID             badoption.Listable[uint32]       `json:"include_uid,omitempty"`
-	IncludeUIDRange        badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"include_uid_range,omitempty"`
-	ExcludeUID             badoption.Listable[uint32]       `json:"exclude_uid,omitempty"`
-	ExcludeUIDRange        badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"exclude_uid_range,omitempty"`
-	IncludeAndroidUser     badoption.Listable[int]          `json:"include_android_user,omitempty"`
-	IncludePackage         badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"include_package,omitempty"`
-	ExcludePackage         badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"exclude_package,omitempty"`
-	UDPTimeout             UDPTimeoutCompat                 `json:"udp_timeout,omitempty"`
-	Stack                  string                           `json:"stack,omitempty"`
-	Platform               *TunPlatformOptions              `json:"platform,omitempty"`
+	InterfaceName                         string                           `json:"interface_name,omitempty"`
+	MTU                                   uint32                           `json:"mtu,omitempty"`
+	Address                               badoption.Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"address,omitempty"`
+	AutoRoute                             bool                             `json:"auto_route,omitempty"`
+	IPRoute2TableIndex                    int                              `json:"iproute2_table_index,omitempty"`
+	IPRoute2RuleIndex                     int                              `json:"iproute2_rule_index,omitempty"`
+	AutoRedirect                          bool                             `json:"auto_redirect,omitempty"`
+	AutoRedirectInputMark                 FwMark                           `json:"auto_redirect_input_mark,omitempty"`
+	AutoRedirectOutputMark                FwMark                           `json:"auto_redirect_output_mark,omitempty"`
+	AutoRedirectIPRoute2FallbackRuleIndex int                              `json:"auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index,omitempty"`
+	LoopbackAddress                       badoption.Listable[netip.Addr]   `json:"loopback_address,omitempty"`
+	StrictRoute                           bool                             `json:"strict_route,omitempty"`
+	RouteAddress                          badoption.Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"route_address,omitempty"`
+	RouteAddressSet                       badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"route_address_set,omitempty"`
+	RouteExcludeAddress                   badoption.Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"route_exclude_address,omitempty"`
+	RouteExcludeAddressSet                badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"route_exclude_address_set,omitempty"`
+	IncludeInterface                      badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"include_interface,omitempty"`
+	ExcludeInterface                      badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"exclude_interface,omitempty"`
+	IncludeUID                            badoption.Listable[uint32]       `json:"include_uid,omitempty"`
+	IncludeUIDRange                       badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"include_uid_range,omitempty"`
+	ExcludeUID                            badoption.Listable[uint32]       `json:"exclude_uid,omitempty"`
+	ExcludeUIDRange                       badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"exclude_uid_range,omitempty"`
+	IncludeAndroidUser                    badoption.Listable[int]          `json:"include_android_user,omitempty"`
+	IncludePackage                        badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"include_package,omitempty"`
+	ExcludePackage                        badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"exclude_package,omitempty"`
+	UDPTimeout                            UDPTimeoutCompat                 `json:"udp_timeout,omitempty"`
+	Stack                                 string                           `json:"stack,omitempty"`
+	Platform                              *TunPlatformOptions              `json:"platform,omitempty"`
 	InboundOptions

 	// Deprecated: removed
--- a/protocol/anytls/outbound.go
+++ b/protocol/anytls/outbound.go
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/uot"
@@ -43,6 +44,13 @@ func NewOutbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextL
 	if options.TLS == nil || !options.TLS.Enabled {
 		return nil, C.ErrTLSRequired
 	}
+	// TCP Fast Open is incompatible with anytls because TFO creates a lazy connection
+	// that only establishes on first write. The lazy connection returns an empty address
+	// before establishment, but anytls SOCKS wrapper tries to access the remote address
+	// during handshake, causing a null pointer dereference crash.
+	if options.DialerOptions.TCPFastOpen {
+		return nil, E.New("tcp_fast_open is not supported with anytls outbound")
+	}

 	tlsConfig, err := tls.NewClient(ctx, options.Server, common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.TLS))
 	if err != nil {
--- a/protocol/dns/handle.go
+++ b/protocol/dns/handle.go
@@ -46,7 +46,8 @@ func HandleStreamDNSRequest(ctx context.Context, router adapter.DNSRouter, conn
 			conn.Close()
 			return err
 		}
-		responseBuffer := buf.NewPacket()
+		responseLength := response.Len()
+		responseBuffer := buf.NewSize(3 + responseLength)
 		defer responseBuffer.Release()
 		responseBuffer.Resize(2, 0)
 		n, err := response.PackBuffer(responseBuffer.FreeBytes())
--- a/protocol/naive/inbound.go
+++ b/protocol/naive/inbound.go
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ package naive

 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"io"
-	"math/rand"
 	"net"
 	"net/http"

@@ -22,7 +22,11 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
 	sHttp "github.com/sagernet/sing/protocol/http"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
+	"golang.org/x/net/http2/h2c"
 )

 var ConfigureHTTP3ListenerFunc func(listener *listener.Listener, handler http.Handler, tlsConfig tls.ServerConfig, logger logger.Logger) (io.Closer, error)
@@ -82,16 +86,11 @@ func (n *Inbound) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 	if stage != adapter.StartStateStart {
 		return nil
 	}
-	var tlsConfig *tls.STDConfig
 	if n.tlsConfig != nil {
 		err := n.tlsConfig.Start()
 		if err != nil {
 			return E.Cause(err, "create TLS config")
 		}
-		tlsConfig, err = n.tlsConfig.Config()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
 	}
 	if common.Contains(n.network, N.NetworkTCP) {
 		tcpListener, err := n.listener.ListenTCP()
@@ -99,20 +98,23 @@ func (n *Inbound) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 			return err
 		}
 		n.httpServer = &http.Server{
-			Handler:   n,
-			TLSConfig: tlsConfig,
+			Handler: h2c.NewHandler(n, &http2.Server{}),
 			BaseContext: func(listener net.Listener) context.Context {
 				return n.ctx
 			},
 		}
 		go func() {
-			var sErr error
-			if tlsConfig != nil {
-				sErr = n.httpServer.ServeTLS(tcpListener, "", "")
-			} else {
-				sErr = n.httpServer.Serve(tcpListener)
+			listener := net.Listener(tcpListener)
+			if n.tlsConfig != nil {
+				if len(n.tlsConfig.NextProtos()) == 0 {
+					n.tlsConfig.SetNextProtos([]string{http2.NextProtoTLS, "http/1.1"})
+				} else if !common.Contains(n.tlsConfig.NextProtos(), http2.NextProtoTLS) {
+					n.tlsConfig.SetNextProtos(append([]string{http2.NextProtoTLS}, n.tlsConfig.NextProtos()...))
+				}
+				listener = aTLS.NewListener(tcpListener, n.tlsConfig)
 			}
-			if sErr != nil && !E.IsClosedOrCanceled(sErr) {
+			sErr := n.httpServer.Serve(listener)
+			if sErr != nil && !errors.Is(sErr, http.ErrServerClosed) {
 				n.logger.Error("http server serve error: ", sErr)
 			}
 		}()
@@ -161,13 +163,16 @@ func (n *Inbound) ServeHTTP(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
 		n.badRequest(ctx, request, E.New("authorization failed"))
 		return
 	}
-	writer.Header().Set("Padding", generateNaivePaddingHeader())
+	writer.Header().Set("Padding", generatePaddingHeader())
 	writer.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
 	writer.(http.Flusher).Flush()

-	hostPort := request.URL.Host
+	hostPort := request.Header.Get("-connect-authority")
 	if hostPort == "" {
-		hostPort = request.Host
+		hostPort = request.URL.Host
+		if hostPort == "" {
+			hostPort = request.Host
+		}
 	}
 	source := sHttp.SourceAddress(request)
 	destination := M.ParseSocksaddr(hostPort).Unwrap()
@@ -178,9 +183,14 @@ func (n *Inbound) ServeHTTP(writer http.ResponseWriter, request *http.Request) {
 			n.badRequest(ctx, request, E.New("hijack failed"))
 			return
 		}
-		n.newConnection(ctx, false, &naiveH1Conn{Conn: conn}, userName, source, destination)
+		n.newConnection(ctx, false, &naiveConn{Conn: conn}, userName, source, destination)
 	} else {
-		n.newConnection(ctx, true, &naiveH2Conn{reader: request.Body, writer: writer, flusher: writer.(http.Flusher)}, userName, source, destination)
+		n.newConnection(ctx, true, &naiveH2Conn{
+			reader:        request.Body,
+			writer:        writer,
+			flusher:       writer.(http.Flusher),
+			remoteAddress: source,
+		}, userName, source, destination)
 	}
 }

@@ -236,18 +246,3 @@ func rejectHTTP(writer http.ResponseWriter, statusCode int) {
 	}
 	conn.Close()
 }
-
-func generateNaivePaddingHeader() string {
-	paddingLen := rand.Intn(32) + 30
-	padding := make([]byte, paddingLen)
-	bits := rand.Uint64()
-	for i := 0; i < 16; i++ {
-		// Codes that won't be Huffman coded.
-		padding[i] = "!#$()+<>?@[]^`{}"[bits&15]
-		bits >>= 4
-	}
-	for i := 16; i < paddingLen; i++ {
-		padding[i] = '~'
-	}
-	return string(padding)
-}
--- a/protocol/naive/inbound_conn.go
+++ b/protocol/naive/inbound_conn.go
@@ -7,417 +7,243 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
-	"strings"
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/baderror"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
 )

-const kFirstPaddings = 8
+const paddingCount = 8

-type naiveH1Conn struct {
-	net.Conn
+func generatePaddingHeader() string {
+	paddingLen := rand.Intn(32) + 30
+	padding := make([]byte, paddingLen)
+	bits := rand.Uint64()
+	for i := 0; i < 16; i++ {
+		padding[i] = "!#$()+<>?@[]^`{}"[bits&15]
+		bits >>= 4
+	}
+	for i := 16; i < paddingLen; i++ {
+		padding[i] = '~'
+	}
+	return string(padding)
+}
+
+type paddingConn struct {
 	readPadding      int
 	writePadding     int
 	readRemaining    int
 	paddingRemaining int
 }

-func (c *naiveH1Conn) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	n, err = c.read(p)
-	return n, wrapHttpError(err)
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH1Conn) read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	if c.readRemaining > 0 {
-		if len(p) > c.readRemaining {
-			p = p[:c.readRemaining]
+func (p *paddingConn) readWithPadding(reader io.Reader, buffer []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	if p.readRemaining > 0 {
+		if len(buffer) > p.readRemaining {
+			buffer = buffer[:p.readRemaining]
 		}
-		n, err = c.Conn.Read(p)
+		n, err = reader.Read(buffer)
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
-		c.readRemaining -= n
+		p.readRemaining -= n
 		return
 	}
-	if c.paddingRemaining > 0 {
-		err = rw.SkipN(c.Conn, c.paddingRemaining)
+	if p.paddingRemaining > 0 {
+		err = rw.SkipN(reader, p.paddingRemaining)
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
-		c.paddingRemaining = 0
+		p.paddingRemaining = 0
 	}
-	if c.readPadding < kFirstPaddings {
-		var paddingHdr []byte
-		if len(p) >= 3 {
-			paddingHdr = p[:3]
+	if p.readPadding < paddingCount {
+		var paddingHeader []byte
+		if len(buffer) >= 3 {
+			paddingHeader = buffer[:3]
 		} else {
-			paddingHdr = make([]byte, 3)
+			paddingHeader = make([]byte, 3)
 		}
-		_, err = io.ReadFull(c.Conn, paddingHdr)
+		_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, paddingHeader)
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
-		originalDataSize := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(paddingHdr[:2]))
-		paddingSize := int(paddingHdr[2])
-		if len(p) > originalDataSize {
-			p = p[:originalDataSize]
+		originalDataSize := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(paddingHeader[:2]))
+		paddingSize := int(paddingHeader[2])
+		if len(buffer) > originalDataSize {
+			buffer = buffer[:originalDataSize]
 		}
-		n, err = c.Conn.Read(p)
+		n, err = reader.Read(buffer)
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
-		c.readPadding++
-		c.readRemaining = originalDataSize - n
-		c.paddingRemaining = paddingSize
+		p.readPadding++
+		p.readRemaining = originalDataSize - n
+		p.paddingRemaining = paddingSize
 		return
 	}
-	return c.Conn.Read(p)
+	return reader.Read(buffer)
 }

-func (c *naiveH1Conn) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	for pLen := len(p); pLen > 0; {
-		var data []byte
-		if pLen > 65535 {
-			data = p[:65535]
-			p = p[65535:]
-			pLen -= 65535
-		} else {
-			data = p
-			pLen = 0
-		}
-		var writeN int
-		writeN, err = c.write(data)
-		n += writeN
-		if err != nil {
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	return n, wrapHttpError(err)
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH1Conn) write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	if c.writePadding < kFirstPaddings {
+func (p *paddingConn) writeWithPadding(writer io.Writer, data []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	if p.writePadding < paddingCount {
 		paddingSize := rand.Intn(256)
-
-		buffer := buf.NewSize(3 + len(p) + paddingSize)
+		buffer := buf.NewSize(3 + len(data) + paddingSize)
 		defer buffer.Release()
 		header := buffer.Extend(3)
-		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(header, uint16(len(p)))
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(header, uint16(len(data)))
 		header[2] = byte(paddingSize)
-
-		common.Must1(buffer.Write(p))
-		_, err = c.Conn.Write(buffer.Bytes())
+		common.Must1(buffer.Write(data))
+		buffer.Extend(paddingSize)
+		_, err = writer.Write(buffer.Bytes())
 		if err == nil {
-			n = len(p)
+			n = len(data)
 		}
-		c.writePadding++
+		p.writePadding++
 		return
 	}
-	return c.Conn.Write(p)
+	return writer.Write(data)
 }

-func (c *naiveH1Conn) FrontHeadroom() int {
-	if c.writePadding < kFirstPaddings {
-		return 3
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH1Conn) RearHeadroom() int {
-	if c.writePadding < kFirstPaddings {
-		return 255
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH1Conn) WriterMTU() int {
-	if c.writePadding < kFirstPaddings {
-		return 65535
-	}
-	return 0
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH1Conn) WriteBuffer(buffer *buf.Buffer) error {
-	defer buffer.Release()
-	if c.writePadding < kFirstPaddings {
+func (p *paddingConn) writeBufferWithPadding(writer io.Writer, buffer *buf.Buffer) error {
+	if p.writePadding < paddingCount {
 		bufferLen := buffer.Len()
 		if bufferLen > 65535 {
-			return common.Error(c.Write(buffer.Bytes()))
+			_, err := p.writeChunked(writer, buffer.Bytes())
+			return err
 		}
 		paddingSize := rand.Intn(256)
 		header := buffer.ExtendHeader(3)
 		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(header, uint16(bufferLen))
 		header[2] = byte(paddingSize)
 		buffer.Extend(paddingSize)
-		c.writePadding++
+		p.writePadding++
 	}
-	return wrapHttpError(common.Error(c.Conn.Write(buffer.Bytes())))
+	return common.Error(writer.Write(buffer.Bytes()))
 }

-// FIXME
-/*func (c *naiveH1Conn) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
-	if c.readPadding < kFirstPaddings {
-		n, err = bufio.WriteToN(c, w, kFirstPaddings-c.readPadding)
-	} else {
-		n, err = bufio.Copy(w, c.Conn)
-	}
-	return n, wrapHttpError(err)
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH1Conn) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (n int64, err error) {
-	if c.writePadding < kFirstPaddings {
-		n, err = bufio.ReadFromN(c, r, kFirstPaddings-c.writePadding)
-	} else {
-		n, err = bufio.Copy(c.Conn, r)
-	}
-	return n, wrapHttpError(err)
-}
-*/
-
-func (c *naiveH1Conn) Upstream() any {
-	return c.Conn
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH1Conn) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
-	return c.readPadding == kFirstPaddings
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH1Conn) WriterReplaceable() bool {
-	return c.writePadding == kFirstPaddings
-}
-
-type naiveH2Conn struct {
-	reader           io.Reader
-	writer           io.Writer
-	flusher          http.Flusher
-	rAddr            net.Addr
-	readPadding      int
-	writePadding     int
-	readRemaining    int
-	paddingRemaining int
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH2Conn) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	n, err = c.read(p)
-	return n, wrapHttpError(err)
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH2Conn) read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	if c.readRemaining > 0 {
-		if len(p) > c.readRemaining {
-			p = p[:c.readRemaining]
-		}
-		n, err = c.reader.Read(p)
-		if err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-		c.readRemaining -= n
-		return
-	}
-	if c.paddingRemaining > 0 {
-		err = rw.SkipN(c.reader, c.paddingRemaining)
-		if err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-		c.paddingRemaining = 0
-	}
-	if c.readPadding < kFirstPaddings {
-		var paddingHdr []byte
-		if len(p) >= 3 {
-			paddingHdr = p[:3]
+func (p *paddingConn) writeChunked(writer io.Writer, data []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	for len(data) > 0 {
+		var chunk []byte
+		if len(data) > 65535 {
+			chunk = data[:65535]
+			data = data[65535:]
 		} else {
-			paddingHdr = make([]byte, 3)
+			chunk = data
+			data = nil
 		}
-		_, err = io.ReadFull(c.reader, paddingHdr)
+		var written int
+		written, err = p.writeWithPadding(writer, chunk)
+		n += written
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
-		originalDataSize := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(paddingHdr[:2]))
-		paddingSize := int(paddingHdr[2])
-		if len(p) > originalDataSize {
-			p = p[:originalDataSize]
-		}
-		n, err = c.reader.Read(p)
-		if err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-		c.readPadding++
-		c.readRemaining = originalDataSize - n
-		c.paddingRemaining = paddingSize
-		return
 	}
-	return c.reader.Read(p)
+	return
 }

-func (c *naiveH2Conn) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	for pLen := len(p); pLen > 0; {
-		var data []byte
-		if pLen > 65535 {
-			data = p[:65535]
-			p = p[65535:]
-			pLen -= 65535
-		} else {
-			data = p
-			pLen = 0
-		}
-		var writeN int
-		writeN, err = c.write(data)
-		n += writeN
-		if err != nil {
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	if err == nil {
-		c.flusher.Flush()
-	}
-	return n, wrapHttpError(err)
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH2Conn) write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	if c.writePadding < kFirstPaddings {
-		paddingSize := rand.Intn(256)
-
-		buffer := buf.NewSize(3 + len(p) + paddingSize)
-		defer buffer.Release()
-		header := buffer.Extend(3)
-		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(header, uint16(len(p)))
-		header[2] = byte(paddingSize)
-
-		common.Must1(buffer.Write(p))
-		_, err = c.writer.Write(buffer.Bytes())
-		if err == nil {
-			n = len(p)
-		}
-		c.writePadding++
-		return
-	}
-	return c.writer.Write(p)
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH2Conn) FrontHeadroom() int {
-	if c.writePadding < kFirstPaddings {
+func (p *paddingConn) frontHeadroom() int {
+	if p.writePadding < paddingCount {
 		return 3
 	}
 	return 0
 }

-func (c *naiveH2Conn) RearHeadroom() int {
-	if c.writePadding < kFirstPaddings {
+func (p *paddingConn) rearHeadroom() int {
+	if p.writePadding < paddingCount {
 		return 255
 	}
 	return 0
 }

-func (c *naiveH2Conn) WriterMTU() int {
-	if c.writePadding < kFirstPaddings {
+func (p *paddingConn) writerMTU() int {
+	if p.writePadding < paddingCount {
 		return 65535
 	}
 	return 0
 }

+func (p *paddingConn) readerReplaceable() bool {
+	return p.readPadding == paddingCount
+}
+
+func (p *paddingConn) writerReplaceable() bool {
+	return p.writePadding == paddingCount
+}
+
+type naiveConn struct {
+	net.Conn
+	paddingConn
+}
+
+func (c *naiveConn) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	n, err = c.readWithPadding(c.Conn, p)
+	return n, baderror.WrapH2(err)
+}
+
+func (c *naiveConn) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	n, err = c.writeChunked(c.Conn, p)
+	return n, baderror.WrapH2(err)
+}
+
+func (c *naiveConn) WriteBuffer(buffer *buf.Buffer) error {
+	defer buffer.Release()
+	err := c.writeBufferWithPadding(c.Conn, buffer)
+	return baderror.WrapH2(err)
+}
+
+func (c *naiveConn) FrontHeadroom() int      { return c.frontHeadroom() }
+func (c *naiveConn) RearHeadroom() int       { return c.rearHeadroom() }
+func (c *naiveConn) WriterMTU() int          { return c.writerMTU() }
+func (c *naiveConn) Upstream() any           { return c.Conn }
+func (c *naiveConn) ReaderReplaceable() bool { return c.readerReplaceable() }
+func (c *naiveConn) WriterReplaceable() bool { return c.writerReplaceable() }
+
+type naiveH2Conn struct {
+	reader        io.Reader
+	writer        io.Writer
+	flusher       http.Flusher
+	remoteAddress net.Addr
+	paddingConn
+}
+
+func (c *naiveH2Conn) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	n, err = c.readWithPadding(c.reader, p)
+	return n, baderror.WrapH2(err)
+}
+
+func (c *naiveH2Conn) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	n, err = c.writeChunked(c.writer, p)
+	if err == nil {
+		c.flusher.Flush()
+	}
+	return n, baderror.WrapH2(err)
+}
+
 func (c *naiveH2Conn) WriteBuffer(buffer *buf.Buffer) error {
 	defer buffer.Release()
-	if c.writePadding < kFirstPaddings {
-		bufferLen := buffer.Len()
-		if bufferLen > 65535 {
-			return common.Error(c.Write(buffer.Bytes()))
-		}
-		paddingSize := rand.Intn(256)
-		header := buffer.ExtendHeader(3)
-		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(header, uint16(bufferLen))
-		header[2] = byte(paddingSize)
-		buffer.Extend(paddingSize)
-		c.writePadding++
-	}
-	err := common.Error(c.writer.Write(buffer.Bytes()))
+	err := c.writeBufferWithPadding(c.writer, buffer)
 	if err == nil {
 		c.flusher.Flush()
 	}
-	return wrapHttpError(err)
+	return baderror.WrapH2(err)
 }

-// FIXME
-/*func (c *naiveH2Conn) WriteTo(w io.Writer) (n int64, err error) {
-	if c.readPadding < kFirstPaddings {
-		n, err = bufio.WriteToN(c, w, kFirstPaddings-c.readPadding)
-	} else {
-		n, err = bufio.Copy(w, c.reader)
-	}
-	return n, wrapHttpError(err)
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH2Conn) ReadFrom(r io.Reader) (n int64, err error) {
-	if c.writePadding < kFirstPaddings {
-		n, err = bufio.ReadFromN(c, r, kFirstPaddings-c.writePadding)
-	} else {
-		n, err = bufio.Copy(c.writer, r)
-	}
-	return n, wrapHttpError(err)
-}*/
-
 func (c *naiveH2Conn) Close() error {
-	return common.Close(
-		c.reader,
-		c.writer,
-	)
+	return common.Close(c.reader, c.writer)
 }

-func (c *naiveH2Conn) LocalAddr() net.Addr {
-	return M.Socksaddr{}
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH2Conn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr {
-	return c.rAddr
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH2Conn) SetDeadline(t time.Time) error {
-	return os.ErrInvalid
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH2Conn) SetReadDeadline(t time.Time) error {
-	return os.ErrInvalid
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH2Conn) SetWriteDeadline(t time.Time) error {
-	return os.ErrInvalid
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH2Conn) NeedAdditionalReadDeadline() bool {
-	return true
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH2Conn) UpstreamReader() any {
-	return c.reader
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH2Conn) UpstreamWriter() any {
-	return c.writer
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH2Conn) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
-	return c.readPadding == kFirstPaddings
-}
-
-func (c *naiveH2Conn) WriterReplaceable() bool {
-	return c.writePadding == kFirstPaddings
-}
-
-func wrapHttpError(err error) error {
-	if err == nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "client disconnected") {
-		return net.ErrClosed
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "body closed by handler") {
-		return net.ErrClosed
-	}
-	if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "canceled with error code 268") {
-		return io.EOF
-	}
-	return err
-}
+func (c *naiveH2Conn) LocalAddr() net.Addr                { return M.Socksaddr{} }
+func (c *naiveH2Conn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr               { return c.remoteAddress }
+func (c *naiveH2Conn) SetDeadline(t time.Time) error      { return os.ErrInvalid }
+func (c *naiveH2Conn) SetReadDeadline(t time.Time) error  { return os.ErrInvalid }
+func (c *naiveH2Conn) SetWriteDeadline(t time.Time) error { return os.ErrInvalid }
+func (c *naiveH2Conn) NeedAdditionalReadDeadline() bool   { return true }
+func (c *naiveH2Conn) UpstreamReader() any                { return c.reader }
+func (c *naiveH2Conn) UpstreamWriter() any                { return c.writer }
+func (c *naiveH2Conn) FrontHeadroom() int                 { return c.frontHeadroom() }
+func (c *naiveH2Conn) RearHeadroom() int                  { return c.rearHeadroom() }
+func (c *naiveH2Conn) WriterMTU() int                     { return c.writerMTU() }
+func (c *naiveH2Conn) ReaderReplaceable() bool            { return c.readerReplaceable() }
+func (c *naiveH2Conn) WriterReplaceable() bool            { return c.writerReplaceable() }
--- a/protocol/tailscale/endpoint.go
+++ b/protocol/tailscale/endpoint.go
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service/filemanager"
 	"github.com/sagernet/tailscale/ipn"
@@ -51,6 +52,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/tailscale/wgengine/filter"
 )

+var _ dialer.PacketDialerWithDestination = (*Endpoint)(nil)
+
 func init() {
 	version.SetVersion("sing-box " + C.Version)
 }
@@ -158,6 +161,7 @@ func NewEndpoint(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextL
 				},
 				TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{
 					RootCAs: adapter.RootPoolFromContext(ctx),
+					Time:    ntp.TimeFuncFromContext(ctx),
 				},
 			},
 		},
@@ -339,26 +343,42 @@ func (t *Endpoint) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destination
 		}
 		return N.DialSerial(ctx, t, network, destination, destinationAddresses)
 	}
-	addr := tcpip.FullAddress{
+	addr4, addr6 := t.server.TailscaleIPs()
+	remoteAddr := tcpip.FullAddress{
 		NIC:  1,
 		Port: destination.Port,
 		Addr: addressFromAddr(destination.Addr),
 	}
+	var localAddr tcpip.FullAddress
 	var networkProtocol tcpip.NetworkProtocolNumber
 	if destination.IsIPv4() {
+		if !addr4.IsValid() {
+			return nil, E.New("missing Tailscale IPv4 address")
+		}
 		networkProtocol = header.IPv4ProtocolNumber
+		localAddr = tcpip.FullAddress{
+			NIC:  1,
+			Addr: addressFromAddr(addr4),
+		}
 	} else {
+		if !addr6.IsValid() {
+			return nil, E.New("missing Tailscale IPv6 address")
+		}
 		networkProtocol = header.IPv6ProtocolNumber
+		localAddr = tcpip.FullAddress{
+			NIC:  1,
+			Addr: addressFromAddr(addr6),
+		}
 	}
 	switch N.NetworkName(network) {
 	case N.NetworkTCP:
-		tcpConn, err := gonet.DialContextTCP(ctx, t.stack, addr, networkProtocol)
+		tcpConn, err := gonet.DialTCPWithBind(ctx, t.stack, localAddr, remoteAddr, networkProtocol)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 		return tcpConn, nil
 	case N.NetworkUDP:
-		udpConn, err := gonet.DialUDP(t.stack, nil, &addr, networkProtocol)
+		udpConn, err := gonet.DialUDP(t.stack, &localAddr, &remoteAddr, networkProtocol)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -368,19 +388,7 @@ func (t *Endpoint) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destination
 	}
 }

-func (t *Endpoint) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	t.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "outbound packet connection to ", destination)
-	if destination.IsFqdn() {
-		destinationAddresses, err := t.dnsRouter.Lookup(ctx, destination.Fqdn, adapter.DNSQueryOptions{})
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		packetConn, _, err := N.ListenSerial(ctx, t, destination, destinationAddresses)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return packetConn, err
-	}
+func (t *Endpoint) listenPacketWithAddress(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, error) {
 	addr4, addr6 := t.server.TailscaleIPs()
 	bind := tcpip.FullAddress{
 		NIC: 1,
@@ -406,6 +414,44 @@ func (t *Endpoint) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (n
 	return udpConn, nil
 }

+func (t *Endpoint) ListenPacketWithDestination(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, netip.Addr, error) {
+	t.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "outbound packet connection to ", destination)
+	if destination.IsFqdn() {
+		destinationAddresses, err := t.dnsRouter.Lookup(ctx, destination.Fqdn, adapter.DNSQueryOptions{})
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, netip.Addr{}, err
+		}
+		var errors []error
+		for _, address := range destinationAddresses {
+			packetConn, packetErr := t.listenPacketWithAddress(ctx, M.SocksaddrFrom(address, destination.Port))
+			if packetErr == nil {
+				return packetConn, address, nil
+			}
+			errors = append(errors, packetErr)
+		}
+		return nil, netip.Addr{}, E.Errors(errors...)
+	}
+	packetConn, err := t.listenPacketWithAddress(ctx, destination)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, netip.Addr{}, err
+	}
+	if destination.IsIP() {
+		return packetConn, destination.Addr, nil
+	}
+	return packetConn, netip.Addr{}, nil
+}
+
+func (t *Endpoint) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, error) {
+	packetConn, destinationAddress, err := t.ListenPacketWithDestination(ctx, destination)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if destinationAddress.IsValid() && destination != M.SocksaddrFrom(destinationAddress, destination.Port) {
+		return bufio.NewNATPacketConn(bufio.NewPacketConn(packetConn), M.SocksaddrFrom(destinationAddress, destination.Port), destination), nil
+	}
+	return packetConn, nil
+}
+
 func (t *Endpoint) PrepareConnection(network string, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr) error {
 	tsFilter := t.filter.Load()
 	if tsFilter != nil {
@@ -456,20 +502,20 @@ func (t *Endpoint) NewPacketConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn,
 	metadata.Inbound = t.Tag()
 	metadata.InboundType = t.Type()
 	metadata.Source = source
-	metadata.Destination = destination
 	addr4, addr6 := t.server.TailscaleIPs()
 	switch destination.Addr {
 	case addr4:
 		metadata.OriginDestination = destination
 		destination.Addr = netip.AddrFrom4([4]uint8{127, 0, 0, 1})
-		conn = bufio.NewNATPacketConn(bufio.NewNetPacketConn(conn), metadata.OriginDestination, metadata.Destination)
+		conn = bufio.NewNATPacketConn(bufio.NewNetPacketConn(conn), metadata.OriginDestination, destination)
 	case addr6:
 		metadata.OriginDestination = destination
 		destination.Addr = netip.IPv6Loopback()
-		conn = bufio.NewNATPacketConn(bufio.NewNetPacketConn(conn), metadata.OriginDestination, metadata.Destination)
+		conn = bufio.NewNATPacketConn(bufio.NewNetPacketConn(conn), metadata.OriginDestination, destination)
 	}
+	metadata.Destination = destination
 	t.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "inbound packet connection from ", source)
-	t.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "inbound packet connection to ", destination)
+	t.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "inbound packet connection to ", metadata.Destination)
 	t.router.RoutePacketConnectionEx(ctx, conn, metadata, onClose)
 }

--- a/protocol/tun/inbound.go
+++ b/protocol/tun/inbound.go
@@ -174,6 +174,10 @@ func NewInbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLo
 	if ruleIndex == 0 {
 		ruleIndex = tun.DefaultIPRoute2RuleIndex
 	}
+	autoRedirectFallbackRuleIndex := options.AutoRedirectIPRoute2FallbackRuleIndex
+	if autoRedirectFallbackRuleIndex == 0 {
+		autoRedirectFallbackRuleIndex = tun.DefaultIPRoute2AutoRedirectFallbackRuleIndex
+	}
 	inputMark := uint32(options.AutoRedirectInputMark)
 	if inputMark == 0 {
 		inputMark = tun.DefaultAutoRedirectInputMark
@@ -192,32 +196,33 @@ func NewInbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLo
 		logger:         logger,
 		inboundOptions: options.InboundOptions,
 		tunOptions: tun.Options{
-			Name:                     options.InterfaceName,
-			MTU:                      tunMTU,
-			GSO:                      enableGSO,
-			Inet4Address:             inet4Address,
-			Inet6Address:             inet6Address,
-			AutoRoute:                options.AutoRoute,
-			IPRoute2TableIndex:       tableIndex,
-			IPRoute2RuleIndex:        ruleIndex,
-			AutoRedirectInputMark:    inputMark,
-			AutoRedirectOutputMark:   outputMark,
-			Inet4LoopbackAddress:     common.Filter(options.LoopbackAddress, netip.Addr.Is4),
-			Inet6LoopbackAddress:     common.Filter(options.LoopbackAddress, netip.Addr.Is6),
-			StrictRoute:              options.StrictRoute,
-			IncludeInterface:         options.IncludeInterface,
-			ExcludeInterface:         options.ExcludeInterface,
-			Inet4RouteAddress:        inet4RouteAddress,
-			Inet6RouteAddress:        inet6RouteAddress,
-			Inet4RouteExcludeAddress: inet4RouteExcludeAddress,
-			Inet6RouteExcludeAddress: inet6RouteExcludeAddress,
-			IncludeUID:               includeUID,
-			ExcludeUID:               excludeUID,
-			IncludeAndroidUser:       options.IncludeAndroidUser,
-			IncludePackage:           options.IncludePackage,
-			ExcludePackage:           options.ExcludePackage,
-			InterfaceMonitor:         networkManager.InterfaceMonitor(),
-			EXP_MultiPendingPackets:  multiPendingPackets,
+			Name:                                  options.InterfaceName,
+			MTU:                                   tunMTU,
+			GSO:                                   enableGSO,
+			Inet4Address:                          inet4Address,
+			Inet6Address:                          inet6Address,
+			AutoRoute:                             options.AutoRoute,
+			IPRoute2TableIndex:                    tableIndex,
+			IPRoute2RuleIndex:                     ruleIndex,
+			IPRoute2AutoRedirectFallbackRuleIndex: autoRedirectFallbackRuleIndex,
+			AutoRedirectInputMark:                 inputMark,
+			AutoRedirectOutputMark:                outputMark,
+			Inet4LoopbackAddress:                  common.Filter(options.LoopbackAddress, netip.Addr.Is4),
+			Inet6LoopbackAddress:                  common.Filter(options.LoopbackAddress, netip.Addr.Is6),
+			StrictRoute:                           options.StrictRoute,
+			IncludeInterface:                      options.IncludeInterface,
+			ExcludeInterface:                      options.ExcludeInterface,
+			Inet4RouteAddress:                     inet4RouteAddress,
+			Inet6RouteAddress:                     inet6RouteAddress,
+			Inet4RouteExcludeAddress:              inet4RouteExcludeAddress,
+			Inet6RouteExcludeAddress:              inet6RouteExcludeAddress,
+			IncludeUID:                            includeUID,
+			ExcludeUID:                            excludeUID,
+			IncludeAndroidUser:                    options.IncludeAndroidUser,
+			IncludePackage:                        options.IncludePackage,
+			ExcludePackage:                        options.ExcludePackage,
+			InterfaceMonitor:                      networkManager.InterfaceMonitor(),
+			EXP_MultiPendingPackets:               multiPendingPackets,
 		},
 		udpTimeout:        udpTimeout,
 		stack:             options.Stack,
@@ -319,7 +324,6 @@ func (t *Inbound) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 			t.tunOptions.Name = tun.CalculateInterfaceName("")
 		}
 		if t.platformInterface == nil {
-			t.routeAddressSet = common.FlatMap(t.routeRuleSet, adapter.RuleSet.ExtractIPSet)
 			for _, routeRuleSet := range t.routeRuleSet {
 				ipSets := routeRuleSet.ExtractIPSet()
 				if len(ipSets) == 0 {
@@ -331,7 +335,6 @@ func (t *Inbound) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 					t.routeRuleSetCallback = append(t.routeRuleSetCallback, routeRuleSet.RegisterCallback(t.updateRouteAddressSet))
 				}
 			}
-			t.routeExcludeAddressSet = common.FlatMap(t.routeExcludeRuleSet, adapter.RuleSet.ExtractIPSet)
 			for _, routeExcludeRuleSet := range t.routeExcludeRuleSet {
 				ipSets := routeExcludeRuleSet.ExtractIPSet()
 				if len(ipSets) == 0 {
--- a/protocol/wireguard/endpoint.go
+++ b/protocol/wireguard/endpoint.go
@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
 )

+var _ dialer.PacketDialerWithDestination = (*Endpoint)(nil)
+
 func RegisterEndpoint(registry *endpoint.Registry) {
 	endpoint.Register[option.WireGuardEndpointOptions](registry, C.TypeWireGuard, NewEndpoint)
 }
@@ -195,18 +197,32 @@ func (w *Endpoint) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destination
 	return w.endpoint.DialContext(ctx, network, destination)
 }

-func (w *Endpoint) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, error) {
+func (w *Endpoint) ListenPacketWithDestination(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, netip.Addr, error) {
 	w.logger.InfoContext(ctx, "outbound packet connection to ", destination)
 	if destination.IsFqdn() {
 		destinationAddresses, err := w.dnsRouter.Lookup(ctx, destination.Fqdn, adapter.DNSQueryOptions{})
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
+			return nil, netip.Addr{}, err
 		}
-		packetConn, _, err := N.ListenSerial(ctx, w.endpoint, destination, destinationAddresses)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return packetConn, err
+		return N.ListenSerial(ctx, w.endpoint, destination, destinationAddresses)
 	}
-	return w.endpoint.ListenPacket(ctx, destination)
+	packetConn, err := w.endpoint.ListenPacket(ctx, destination)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, netip.Addr{}, err
+	}
+	if destination.IsIP() {
+		return packetConn, destination.Addr, nil
+	}
+	return packetConn, netip.Addr{}, nil
+}
+
+func (w *Endpoint) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, error) {
+	packetConn, destinationAddress, err := w.ListenPacketWithDestination(ctx, destination)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if destinationAddress.IsValid() && destination != M.SocksaddrFrom(destinationAddress, destination.Port) {
+		return bufio.NewNATPacketConn(bufio.NewPacketConn(packetConn), M.SocksaddrFrom(destinationAddress, destination.Port), destination), nil
+	}
+	return packetConn, nil
 }
--- a/route/conn.go
+++ b/route/conn.go
@@ -155,6 +155,8 @@ func (m *ConnectionManager) NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, this N.Dial
 	} else {
 		if len(metadata.DestinationAddresses) > 0 {
 			remotePacketConn, destinationAddress, err = dialer.ListenSerialNetworkPacket(ctx, this, metadata.Destination, metadata.DestinationAddresses, metadata.NetworkStrategy, metadata.NetworkType, metadata.FallbackNetworkType, metadata.FallbackDelay)
+		} else if packetDialer, withDestination := this.(dialer.PacketDialerWithDestination); withDestination {
+			remotePacketConn, destinationAddress, err = packetDialer.ListenPacketWithDestination(ctx, metadata.Destination)
 		} else {
 			remotePacketConn, err = this.ListenPacket(ctx, metadata.Destination)
 		}
@@ -185,11 +187,16 @@ func (m *ConnectionManager) NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, this N.Dial
 		}
 		if natConn, loaded := common.Cast[bufio.NATPacketConn](conn); loaded {
 			natConn.UpdateDestination(destinationAddress)
-		} else if metadata.Destination != M.SocksaddrFrom(destinationAddress, metadata.Destination.Port) {
-			if metadata.UDPDisableDomainUnmapping {
-				remotePacketConn = bufio.NewUnidirectionalNATPacketConn(bufio.NewPacketConn(remotePacketConn), M.SocksaddrFrom(destinationAddress, metadata.Destination.Port), originDestination)
-			} else {
-				remotePacketConn = bufio.NewNATPacketConn(bufio.NewPacketConn(remotePacketConn), M.SocksaddrFrom(destinationAddress, metadata.Destination.Port), originDestination)
+		} else {
+			destination := M.SocksaddrFrom(destinationAddress, metadata.Destination.Port)
+			if metadata.Destination != destination {
+				if metadata.UDPDisableDomainUnmapping {
+					remotePacketConn = bufio.NewUnidirectionalNATPacketConn(bufio.NewPacketConn(remotePacketConn), destination, originDestination)
+				} else {
+					remotePacketConn = bufio.NewNATPacketConn(bufio.NewPacketConn(remotePacketConn), destination, originDestination)
+				}
+			} else if metadata.RouteOriginalDestination.IsValid() && metadata.RouteOriginalDestination != metadata.Destination {
+				remotePacketConn = bufio.NewDestinationNATPacketConn(bufio.NewPacketConn(remotePacketConn), metadata.Destination, metadata.RouteOriginalDestination)
 			}
 		}
 	} else if metadata.RouteOriginalDestination.IsValid() && metadata.RouteOriginalDestination != metadata.Destination {
--- a/route/rule/rule_abstract.go
+++ b/route/rule/rule_abstract.go
@@ -107,9 +107,7 @@ func (r *abstractDefaultRule) Match(metadata *adapter.InboundContext) bool {
 	}

 	for _, item := range r.items {
-		if _, isRuleSet := item.(*RuleSetItem); !isRuleSet {
-			metadata.DidMatch = true
-		}
+		metadata.DidMatch = true
 		if !item.Match(metadata) {
 			return r.invert
 		}
--- a/route/rule/rule_abstract_test.go
+++ b/route/rule/rule_abstract_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+package rule
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go4.org/netipx"
+)
+
+type fakeRuleSet struct {
+	matched bool
+}
+
+func (f *fakeRuleSet) Name() string {
+	return "fake-rule-set"
+}
+
+func (f *fakeRuleSet) StartContext(context.Context, *adapter.HTTPStartContext) error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeRuleSet) PostStart() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeRuleSet) Metadata() adapter.RuleSetMetadata {
+	return adapter.RuleSetMetadata{}
+}
+
+func (f *fakeRuleSet) ExtractIPSet() []*netipx.IPSet {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeRuleSet) IncRef() {}
+
+func (f *fakeRuleSet) DecRef() {}
+
+func (f *fakeRuleSet) Cleanup() {}
+
+func (f *fakeRuleSet) RegisterCallback(adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback) *list.Element[adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback] {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeRuleSet) UnregisterCallback(*list.Element[adapter.RuleSetUpdateCallback]) {}
+
+func (f *fakeRuleSet) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (f *fakeRuleSet) Match(*adapter.InboundContext) bool {
+	return f.matched
+}
+
+func (f *fakeRuleSet) String() string {
+	return "fake-rule-set"
+}
+
+type fakeRuleItem struct {
+	matched bool
+}
+
+func (f *fakeRuleItem) Match(*adapter.InboundContext) bool {
+	return f.matched
+}
+
+func (f *fakeRuleItem) String() string {
+	return "fake-rule-item"
+}
+
+func newRuleSetOnlyRule(ruleSetMatched bool, invert bool) *DefaultRule {
+	ruleSetItem := &RuleSetItem{
+		setList: []adapter.RuleSet{&fakeRuleSet{matched: ruleSetMatched}},
+	}
+	return &DefaultRule{
+		abstractDefaultRule: abstractDefaultRule{
+			items:    []RuleItem{ruleSetItem},
+			allItems: []RuleItem{ruleSetItem},
+			invert:   invert,
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func newSingleItemRule(matched bool) *DefaultRule {
+	item := &fakeRuleItem{matched: matched}
+	return &DefaultRule{
+		abstractDefaultRule: abstractDefaultRule{
+			items:    []RuleItem{item},
+			allItems: []RuleItem{item},
+		},
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAbstractDefaultRule_RuleSetOnly_InvertFalse(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	require.True(t, newRuleSetOnlyRule(true, false).Match(&adapter.InboundContext{}))
+	require.False(t, newRuleSetOnlyRule(false, false).Match(&adapter.InboundContext{}))
+}
+
+func TestAbstractDefaultRule_RuleSetOnly_InvertTrue(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	require.False(t, newRuleSetOnlyRule(true, true).Match(&adapter.InboundContext{}))
+	require.True(t, newRuleSetOnlyRule(false, true).Match(&adapter.InboundContext{}))
+}
+
+func TestAbstractLogicalRule_And_WithRuleSetInvert(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name          string
+		aMatched      bool
+		ruleSetBMatch bool
+		expected      bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "A true B true",
+			aMatched:      true,
+			ruleSetBMatch: true,
+			expected:      false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "A true B false",
+			aMatched:      true,
+			ruleSetBMatch: false,
+			expected:      true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "A false B true",
+			aMatched:      false,
+			ruleSetBMatch: true,
+			expected:      false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "A false B false",
+			aMatched:      false,
+			ruleSetBMatch: false,
+			expected:      false,
+		},
+	}
+	for _, testCase := range testCases {
+		testCase := testCase
+		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+			logicalRule := &abstractLogicalRule{
+				mode: C.LogicalTypeAnd,
+				rules: []adapter.HeadlessRule{
+					newSingleItemRule(testCase.aMatched),
+					newRuleSetOnlyRule(testCase.ruleSetBMatch, true),
+				},
+			}
+			require.Equal(t, testCase.expected, logicalRule.Match(&adapter.InboundContext{}))
+		})
+	}
+}
--- a/service/derp/service.go
+++ b/service/derp/service.go
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package derp
 import (
 	"bufio"
 	"context"
+	stdTLS "crypto/tls"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
@@ -31,6 +32,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
 	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service/filemanager"
@@ -159,6 +161,10 @@ func (d *Service) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 				httpClients = append(httpClients, &http.Client{
 					Transport: &http.Transport{
 						ForceAttemptHTTP2: true,
+						TLSClientConfig: &stdTLS.Config{
+							RootCAs: adapter.RootPoolFromContext(d.ctx),
+							Time:    ntp.TimeFuncFromContext(d.ctx),
+						},
 						DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
 							return verifyDialer.DialContext(ctx, network, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
 						},
--- a/service/ssmapi/cache.go
+++ b/service/ssmapi/cache.go
@@ -49,6 +49,9 @@ func (s *Service) loadCache() error {
 		os.RemoveAll(basePath)
 		return err
 	}
+	s.cacheMutex.Lock()
+	s.lastSavedCache = cacheBinary
+	s.cacheMutex.Unlock()
 	return nil
 }

@@ -56,16 +59,30 @@ func (s *Service) saveCache() error {
 	if s.cachePath == "" {
 		return nil
 	}
+	cacheBinary, err := s.encodeCache()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s.cacheMutex.Lock()
+	defer s.cacheMutex.Unlock()
+	if bytes.Equal(s.lastSavedCache, cacheBinary) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return s.writeCache(cacheBinary)
+}
+
+func (s *Service) writeCache(cacheBinary []byte) error {
 	basePath := filemanager.BasePath(s.ctx, s.cachePath)
 	err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(basePath), 0o777)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	cacheBinary, err := s.encodeCache()
+	err = os.WriteFile(basePath, cacheBinary, 0o644)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return os.WriteFile(s.cachePath, cacheBinary, 0o644)
+	s.lastSavedCache = cacheBinary
+	return nil
 }

 func (s *Service) decodeCache(cacheBinary []byte) error {
--- a/service/ssmapi/server.go
+++ b/service/ssmapi/server.go
@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ import (
 	"context"
 	"errors"
 	"net/http"
+	"sync"
+	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	boxService "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/service"
@@ -28,21 +30,27 @@ func RegisterService(registry *boxService.Registry) {

 type Service struct {
 	boxService.Adapter
-	ctx        context.Context
-	logger     log.ContextLogger
-	listener   *listener.Listener
-	tlsConfig  tls.ServerConfig
-	httpServer *http.Server
-	traffics   map[string]*TrafficManager
-	users      map[string]*UserManager
-	cachePath  string
+	ctx            context.Context
+	cancel         context.CancelFunc
+	logger         log.ContextLogger
+	listener       *listener.Listener
+	tlsConfig      tls.ServerConfig
+	httpServer     *http.Server
+	traffics       map[string]*TrafficManager
+	users          map[string]*UserManager
+	cachePath      string
+	saveTicker     *time.Ticker
+	lastSavedCache []byte
+	cacheMutex     sync.Mutex
 }

 func NewService(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.SSMAPIServiceOptions) (adapter.Service, error) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
 	chiRouter := chi.NewRouter()
 	s := &Service{
 		Adapter: boxService.NewAdapter(C.TypeSSMAPI, tag),
 		ctx:     ctx,
+		cancel:  cancel,
 		logger:  logger,
 		listener: listener.New(listener.Options{
 			Context: ctx,
@@ -95,6 +103,8 @@ func (s *Service) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		s.logger.Error(E.Cause(err, "load cache"))
 	}
+	s.saveTicker = time.NewTicker(1 * time.Minute)
+	go s.loopSaveCache()
 	if s.tlsConfig != nil {
 		err = s.tlsConfig.Start()
 		if err != nil {
@@ -120,7 +130,27 @@ func (s *Service) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 	return nil
 }

+func (s *Service) loopSaveCache() {
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-s.ctx.Done():
+			return
+		case <-s.saveTicker.C:
+			err := s.saveCache()
+			if err != nil {
+				s.logger.Error(E.Cause(err, "save cache"))
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func (s *Service) Close() error {
+	if s.cancel != nil {
+		s.cancel()
+	}
+	if s.saveTicker != nil {
+		s.saveTicker.Stop()
+	}
 	err := s.saveCache()
 	if err != nil {
 		s.logger.Error(E.Cause(err, "save cache"))
--- a/transport/v2rayquic/stream.go
+++ b/transport/v2rayquic/stream.go
@@ -14,11 +14,13 @@ type StreamWrapper struct {

 func (s *StreamWrapper) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	n, err = s.Stream.Read(p)
+	//nolint:staticcheck
 	return n, baderror.WrapQUIC(err)
 }

 func (s *StreamWrapper) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	n, err = s.Stream.Write(p)
+	//nolint:staticcheck
 	return n, baderror.WrapQUIC(err)
 }

--- a/transport/wireguard/device_system.go
+++ b/transport/wireguard/device_system.go
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func (w *systemDevice) Start() error {
 	w.options.Logger.Info("started at ", w.options.Name)
 	w.device = tunInterface
 	batchTUN, isBatchTUN := tunInterface.(tun.LinuxTUN)
-	if isBatchTUN {
+	if isBatchTUN && batchTUN.BatchSize() > 1 {
 		w.batchDevice = batchTUN
 	}
 	w.events <- wgTun.EventUp
Author	SHA1	Message	Date
世界	73bfb99ebc	Bump version	2026-03-15 16:57:08 +08:00
世界	7ed63c5e01	Update Go to 1.25.8	2026-03-15 16:57:08 +08:00
Heng lu	92b24c5ecd	Fix netns fd leak in ListenNetworkNamespace	2026-03-15 16:54:55 +08:00
世界	ec182cd24e	Fix websocket connection and goroutine leaks in Clash API Co-authored-by: traitman <112139837+traitman@users.noreply.github.com>	2026-03-15 16:54:11 +08:00
世界	f411a8a0e5	tun: Backport fixes	2026-03-15 16:53:15 +08:00
世界	bc2b0820a0	Bump version	2026-03-05 21:38:26 +08:00
世界	2c60eebc42	Fix rule_set_ip_cidr_accept_empty not working	2026-03-05 21:25:36 +08:00
世界	0ef1c78c0e	Fix fake-ip address allocation	2026-03-05 21:25:26 +08:00
世界	7a1bc204b2	endpoint: Fix UDP resolved destination	2026-03-05 21:24:57 +08:00
traitman	78f494831d	clash-api: Fix websocket connection not closed after config reload via SIGHUP Co-authored-by: TraitMan <traitman@maildog.top> Co-authored-by: Cursor <cursoragent@cursor.com>	2026-03-05 21:22:53 +08:00
dyhkwong	d07c908e5d	Fix IPv6 local DNS on Windows	2026-03-05 21:22:46 +08:00
世界	6126f8712b	tun: Backport fixes	2026-03-05 21:21:48 +08:00
世界	ea5c2446b2	Rename branches and update release workflows stable-next → oldstable, main-next → stable, dev-next → testing, new unstable	2026-03-05 21:10:46 +08:00
世界	c0fcd6afce	Bump version	2026-02-27 15:06:00 +08:00
世界	795eda967b	Pin Go version to 1.25.7	2026-02-27 15:03:31 +08:00
世界	f2ec82dd2a	dialer: use KeepAliveConfig for TCP keepalive	2026-02-27 14:02:58 +08:00
世界	53853e9ae1	release: Fix pacman package	2026-02-26 22:09:12 +08:00
世界	e663b7f974	Fix per-outbound bind_interface	2026-02-26 21:49:05 +08:00
世界	f63091d14d	Bump version	2026-02-15 21:05:34 +08:00
世界	1c4a01ee90	Fix matching multi predefined	2026-02-15 19:20:31 +08:00
世界	4d7f99310c	Fix matching rule-set invert	2026-02-15 19:20:11 +08:00
世界	6fc511f56e	wireguard: Fix missing fallback for gso	2026-02-15 19:20:03 +08:00
世界	d18d2b352a	Bump version	2026-02-09 13:57:18 +08:00
世界	534128bba9	tuic: Fix udp context	2026-02-09 13:55:09 +08:00
世界	736a7368c6	Fix naive padding	2026-02-09 13:53:32 +08:00
世界	e7a9c90213	Fix DNS cache lock goroutine leak The cache deduplication in Client.Exchange uses a channel-based lock per DNS question. Waiting goroutines blocked on <-cond without context awareness, causing them to accumulate indefinitely when the owning goroutine's transport call stalls. Add select on ctx.Done() so waiters respect context cancellation and timeouts.	2026-02-06 22:28:30 +08:00
世界	0f3774e501	Bump version	2026-02-05 17:13:38 +08:00
世界	2f8e656522	Update Go to 1.25.7	2026-02-05 17:12:42 +08:00
世界	3ba30e3f00	Fix route_address_set duplicated IP sets causing route creation failure The FlatMap calls pre-populated routeAddressSet and routeExcludeAddressSet before the for-loops which appended the same IP sets again, doubling every entry. On Windows this caused CreateIpForwardEntry2 to return ERROR_OBJECT_ALREADY_EXISTS. Fixes #3725	2026-02-02 17:29:21 +08:00
世界	f2639a5829	Fix random iproute2 table index was incorrectly removed	2026-02-02 14:13:49 +08:00
世界	69bebbda82	Bump version	2026-02-01 10:19:35 +08:00
世界	00b2c042ee	Disable rp filter atomically	2026-02-01 10:17:34 +08:00
世界	d9eb8f3ab6	Fix varbin serialization	2026-02-01 10:11:15 +08:00
世界	58025a01f8	Fix auto_redirect fallback rule	2026-01-29 12:07:15 +08:00
世界	99cad72ea8	Bump version	2026-01-28 16:56:08 +08:00
世界	6e96d620fe	Minor fixes	2026-01-28 16:56:08 +08:00
世界	51ce402dbb	Bump version	2026-01-17 05:10:56 +08:00
世界	8b404b5a4c	Update Go to 1.25.6	2026-01-17 05:10:56 +08:00
世界	3ce94d50dd	Update uTLS to v1.8.2	2026-01-17 04:54:18 +08:00
世界	29d56fca9c	Update smux to v1.5.50 & Fix h2mux RST_STREAM on half-close	2026-01-17 04:17:14 +08:00
世界	ab18010ee1	Bump version	2026-01-12 20:38:21 +08:00
世界	e69c202c79	Fix logic issues with BBR impl	2026-01-12 20:34:04 +08:00
世界	0a812f2a46	Bump version	2026-01-07 15:13:35 +08:00
Gavin Luo	fffe9fc566	Fix reset buffer in dhcp response loop Previously, the buffer was not reset within the response loop. If a packet handle failed or completed, the buffer retained its state. Specifically, if `ReadPacketFrom` returned `io.ErrShortBuffer`, the error was ignored via `continue`, but the buffer remained full. This caused the next read attempt to immediately fail with the same error, creating a tight busy-wait loop that consumed 100% CPU. Validates `buffer.Reset()` is called at the start of each iteration to ensure a clean state for 'ReadPacketFrom'.	2026-01-05 17:46:59 +08:00
世界	6fdf27a701	Fix Tailscale endpoint using wrong source IP with advertise_routes	2026-01-04 22:14:54 +08:00
Bruce Wayne	7fa7d4f0a9	ducumentation: update Shadowsocks inbound documentation for SSM API	2026-01-02 19:18:52 +08:00
世界	f511ebc1d4	Fix lint errors	2026-01-02 19:17:53 +08:00
世界	84bbdc2eba	Revert "Pin gofumpt and golangci-lint versions" This reverts commit `d9d7f7880d`.	2026-01-02 19:14:13 +08:00
世界	568612fc70	Fix duplicate tag detection for empty tags Closes https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/issues/3665	2026-01-02 19:14:13 +08:00
世界	d78828fd81	Fix quic sniffer	2026-01-02 19:14:13 +08:00
世界	f56d9ab945	Bump version	2025-12-25 14:47:10 +08:00
世界	86fabd6a22	Update Mozilla certificates	2025-12-25 14:42:18 +08:00
世界	24a1e7cee4	Ignore darwin IP_DONTFRAG error when not supported	2025-12-25 14:40:48 +08:00
世界	223dd8bb1a	Fix TCP DNS response buffer	2025-12-22 13:51:00 +08:00
世界	68448de7d0	Fix missing RootPoolFromContext and TimeFuncFromContext in HTTP clients	2025-12-22 13:50:57 +08:00
世界	1ebff74c21	Fix DNS cache not working when domain strategy is set The cache lookup was performed before rule matching, using the caller's strategy (usually AsIS/0) instead of the resolved strategy. This caused cache misses when ipv4_only was configured globally but the cache lookup expected both A and AAAA records. Remove LookupCache and ExchangeCache from Router, as the cache checks inside client.Lookup and client.Exchange already handle caching correctly after rule matching with the proper strategy and transport.	2025-12-21 16:59:10 +08:00
世界	f0cd3422c1	Bump version	2025-12-14 00:09:19 +08:00
世界	e385a98ced	Update Go to 1.25.5	2025-12-13 20:11:29 +08:00
世界	670f32baee	Fix naive inbound	2025-12-12 21:19:28 +08:00
世界	2747a00ba2	Fix tailscale destination	2025-12-01 15:02:04 +08:00
世界	48e76038d0	Update Go to 1.25.4	2025-11-16 09:53:10 +08:00
世界	6421252d44	release: Fix windows7 build	2025-11-16 09:09:34 +08:00
世界	216c4c8bd4	Fix adapter handler	2025-11-16 08:34:46 +08:00
世界	5841d410a1	ssm-api: Fix save cache	2025-11-04 11:00:43 +08:00
Kumiko as a Service	63c8207d7a	Use `--no-cache` `--upgrade` option in `apk add` No need for separate upgrade / cache cleanup steps. Signed-off-by: Kumiko as a Service <Dreista@users.noreply.github.com>	2025-11-04 11:00:41 +08:00
世界	54ed58499d	Bump version	2025-10-27 18:04:24 +08:00
世界	b1bdc18c85	Fix socks response	2025-10-27 18:03:05 +08:00
世界	a38030cc0b	Fix memory leak in hysteria2	2025-10-24 10:52:08 +08:00
世界	4626aa2cb0	Bump version	2025-10-21 21:39:28 +08:00
世界	5a40b673a4	Update dependencies	2025-10-21 21:39:28 +08:00
世界	541f63fee4	redirect: Fix compatibility with `/product/bin/su`	2025-10-21 21:27:15 +08:00
世界	5de6f4a14f	Fix tailscale not enforcing NoLogsNoSupport	2025-10-16 22:30:08 +08:00
世界	5658830077	Fix trailing dot handling in local DNS transport	2025-10-16 21:43:12 +08:00
世界	0e50edc009	documentation: Add appreciate for Warp	2025-10-16 21:43:12 +08:00
世界	444f454810	Bump version	2025-10-14 23:43:36 +08:00
世界	d0e1fd6c7e	Update Go to 1.25.3	2025-10-14 23:43:36 +08:00
世界	17b4d1e010	Update uTLS to v1.8.1	2025-10-14 23:40:19 +08:00
世界	06791470c9	Fix DNS reject panic	2025-10-14 23:40:19 +08:00
世界	ef14c8ca0e	Disable TCP slow open for anytls Fixes #3459	2025-10-14 23:40:19 +08:00
世界	36dc883c7c	Fix DNS negative caching to comply with RFC 2308	2025-10-09 23:45:23 +08:00
Mahdi	6557bd7029	Fix dns cache in lookup	2025-10-09 23:45:23 +08:00
世界	41b30c91d9	Improve HTTPS DNS transport	2025-10-09 23:45:23 +08:00