[dependencies] Update golang Docker tag to v1.26

The cache deduplication in Client.Exchange uses a channel-based lock
per DNS question. Waiting goroutines blocked on <-cond without context
awareness, causing them to accumulate indefinitely when the owning
goroutine's transport call stalls. Add select on ctx.Done() so waiters
respect context cancellation and timeouts.

.github/setup_go_for_windows7.sh

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
-VERSION="1.25.6"
+VERSION="1.25.7"
 
 mkdir -p $HOME/go
 cd $HOME/go

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.6
+          go-version: ^1.25.7
       - name: Check input version
         if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
         run: |-
@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ ! (matrix.legacy_win7 || matrix.legacy_go124) }}
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.6
+          go-version: ^1.25.7
       - name: Setup Go 1.24
         if: matrix.legacy_go124
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
@@ -571,7 +571,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.6
+          go-version: ^1.25.7
       - name: Setup Android NDK
         id: setup-ndk
         uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
@@ -661,7 +661,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.6
+          go-version: ^1.25.7
       - name: Setup Android NDK
         id: setup-ndk
         uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
@@ -760,7 +760,7 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.if
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.6
+          go-version: ^1.25.7
       - name: Set tag
         if: matrix.if
         run: |-

.github/workflows/linux.yml

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.6
+          go-version: ^1.25.7
       - name: Check input version
         if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
         run: |-
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.6
+          go-version: ^1.25.7
       - name: Clone cronet-go
         if: matrix.naive
         run: |

Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:1.25-alpine AS builder
+FROM --platform=$BUILDPLATFORM golang:1.26-alpine AS builder
 LABEL maintainer="nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>"
 COPY . /go/src/github.com/sagernet/sing-box
 WORKDIR /go/src/github.com/sagernet/sing-box

Makefile

@@ -206,7 +206,7 @@ update_apple_version:
 update_macos_version:
 	MACOS_PROJECT_VERSION=$(shell go run -v ./cmd/internal/app_store_connect next_macos_project_version) go run ./cmd/internal/update_apple_version
 
-release_apple: lib_ios update_apple_version release_ios release_macos release_tvos release_macos_standalone
+release_apple: lib_apple update_apple_version release_ios release_macos release_tvos release_macos_standalone
 
 release_apple_beta: update_apple_version release_ios release_macos release_tvos
 
@@ -234,18 +234,14 @@ test_stdio:
 lib_android:
 	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target android
 
-lib_android_debug:
-	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target android -debug
-
 lib_apple:
 	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target apple
 
-lib_ios:
-	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target apple -platform ios -debug
+lib_android_new:
+	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox_newffi -target android
 
-lib:
-	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target android
-	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target ios
+lib_apple_new:
+	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox_newffi -target apple
 
 lib_install:
 	go install -v github.com/sagernet/gomobile/cmd/gomobile@v0.1.11

adapter/experimental.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/observable"
@@ -68,7 +69,11 @@ func (s *SavedBinary) MarshalBinary() ([]byte, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	err = varbin.Write(&buffer, binary.BigEndian, s.Content)
+	_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(&buffer, uint64(len(s.Content)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	_, err = buffer.Write(s.Content)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -76,7 +81,11 @@ func (s *SavedBinary) MarshalBinary() ([]byte, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	err = varbin.Write(&buffer, binary.BigEndian, s.LastEtag)
+	_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(&buffer, uint64(len(s.LastEtag)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	_, err = buffer.WriteString(s.LastEtag)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -90,7 +99,12 @@ func (s *SavedBinary) UnmarshalBinary(data []byte) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = varbin.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &s.Content)
+	contentLength, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s.Content = make([]byte, contentLength)
+	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, s.Content)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -100,10 +114,16 @@ func (s *SavedBinary) UnmarshalBinary(data []byte) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	s.LastUpdated = time.Unix(lastUpdated, 0)
-	err = varbin.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &s.LastEtag)
+	etagLength, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	etagBytes := make([]byte, etagLength)
+	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, etagBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s.LastEtag = string(etagBytes)
 	return nil
 }
 

cmd/internal/build_libbox/main.go

@@ -17,17 +17,17 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	debugEnabled  bool
-	target        string
-	platform      string
-	withTailscale bool
+	debugEnabled bool
+	target       string
+	platform     string
+	// withTailscale bool
 )
 
 func init() {
 	flag.BoolVar(&debugEnabled, "debug", false, "enable debug")
 	flag.StringVar(&target, "target", "android", "target platform")
 	flag.StringVar(&platform, "platform", "", "specify platform")
-	flag.BoolVar(&withTailscale, "with-tailscale", false, "build tailscale for iOS and tvOS")
+	// flag.BoolVar(&withTailscale, "with-tailscale", false, "build tailscale for iOS and tvOS")
 }
 
 func main() {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ var (
 	debugFlags  []string
 	sharedTags  []string
 	darwinTags  []string
-	memcTags    []string
+	// memcTags    []string
 	notMemcTags []string
 	debugTags   []string
 )
@@ -64,8 +64,9 @@ func init() {
 	debugFlags = append(debugFlags, "-ldflags", "-X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version="+currentTag+" -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0")
 
 	sharedTags = append(sharedTags, "with_gvisor", "with_quic", "with_wireguard", "with_utls", "with_naive_outbound", "with_clash_api", "with_conntrack", "badlinkname", "tfogo_checklinkname0")
-	darwinTags = append(darwinTags, "with_dhcp")
-	memcTags = append(memcTags, "with_tailscale")
+	darwinTags = append(darwinTags, "with_dhcp", "grpcnotrace")
+	// memcTags = append(memcTags, "with_tailscale")
+	sharedTags = append(sharedTags, "with_tailscale", "ts_omit_logtail", "ts_omit_ssh", "ts_omit_drive", "ts_omit_taildrop", "ts_omit_webclient", "ts_omit_doctor", "ts_omit_capture", "ts_omit_kube", "ts_omit_aws", "ts_omit_synology", "ts_omit_bird")
 	notMemcTags = append(notMemcTags, "with_low_memory")
 	debugTags = append(debugTags, "debug")
 }
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ func buildAndroid() {
 
 	// Build main variant (SDK 23)
 	mainTags := append([]string{}, sharedTags...)
-	mainTags = append(mainTags, memcTags...)
+	// mainTags = append(mainTags, memcTags...)
 	if debugEnabled {
 		mainTags = append(mainTags, debugTags...)
 	}
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ func buildAndroid() {
 
 	// Build legacy variant (SDK 21, no naive outbound)
 	legacyTags := filterTags(sharedTags, "with_naive_outbound")
-	legacyTags = append(legacyTags, memcTags...)
+	// legacyTags = append(legacyTags, memcTags...)
 	if debugEnabled {
 		legacyTags = append(legacyTags, debugTags...)
 	}
@@ -204,9 +205,9 @@ func buildApple() {
 		"-libname=box",
 		"-tags-not-macos=with_low_memory",
 	}
-	if !withTailscale {
-		args = append(args, "-tags-macos="+strings.Join(memcTags, ","))
-	}
+	//if !withTailscale {
+	//	args = append(args, "-tags-macos="+strings.Join(memcTags, ","))
+	//}
 
 	if !debugEnabled {
 		args = append(args, sharedFlags...)
@@ -215,9 +216,9 @@ func buildApple() {
 	}
 
 	tags := append(sharedTags, darwinTags...)
-	if withTailscale {
-		tags = append(tags, memcTags...)
-	}
+	//if withTailscale {
+	//	tags = append(tags, memcTags...)
+	//}
 	if debugEnabled {
 		tags = append(tags, debugTags...)
 	}

cmd/internal/build_libbox_newffi/main.go

@@ -0,0 +1,93 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"flag"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/rw"
+)
+
+var target string
+
+func init() {
+	flag.StringVar(&target, "target", "android", "target platform (android or apple)")
+}
+
+func main() {
+	flag.Parse()
+
+	args := []string{
+		"generate",
+		"-v",
+		"--config", "experimental/libbox/ffi.json",
+		"--platform-type", target,
+	}
+	command := exec.Command("sing-ffi", args...)
+	command.Stdout = os.Stdout
+	command.Stderr = os.Stderr
+	err := command.Run()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	copyArtifacts(target)
+}
+
+func copyArtifacts(target string) {
+	switch target {
+	case "android":
+		copyPath := filepath.Join("..", "sing-box-for-android", "app", "libs")
+		if rw.IsDir(copyPath) {
+			copyPath, _ = filepath.Abs(copyPath)
+			for _, name := range []string{"libbox.aar", "libbox-legacy.aar"} {
+				artifactPath, found := findArtifactPath(name)
+				if !found {
+					continue
+				}
+				targetPath := filepath.Join(target, artifactPath)
+				os.RemoveAll(targetPath)
+				err := os.Rename(artifactPath, targetPath)
+				if err != nil {
+					log.Fatal(err)
+				}
+				log.Info("copied ", name, " to ", copyPath)
+			}
+		}
+	case "apple":
+		copyPath := filepath.Join("..", "sing-box-for-apple")
+		if rw.IsDir(copyPath) {
+			sourceDir, found := findArtifactPath("Libbox.xcframework")
+			if !found {
+				log.Fatal("Libbox.xcframework not found in current directory or experimental/libbox")
+			}
+
+			targetDir := filepath.Join(copyPath, "Libbox.xcframework")
+			targetDir, _ = filepath.Abs(targetDir)
+			err := os.RemoveAll(targetDir)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			err = os.Rename(sourceDir, targetDir)
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Fatal(err)
+			}
+			log.Info("copied ", sourceDir, " to ", targetDir)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func findArtifactPath(name string) (string, bool) {
+	candidates := []string{
+		name,
+		filepath.Join("experimental", "libbox", name),
+	}
+	for _, candidate := range candidates {
+		if rw.IsFile(candidate) || rw.IsDir(candidate) {
+			return candidate, true
+		}
+	}
+	return "", false
+}

common/geosite/compat_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+package geosite
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// Old implementation using varbin reflection-based serialization
+
+func oldWriteString(writer varbin.Writer, value string) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+}
+
+func oldWriteItem(writer varbin.Writer, item Item) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, item)
+}
+
+func oldReadString(reader varbin.Reader) (string, error) {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.ReadValue[string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+}
+
+func oldReadItem(reader varbin.Reader) (Item, error) {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.ReadValue[Item](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+}
+
+func TestStringCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input string
+	}{
+		{"empty", ""},
+		{"single_char", "a"},
+		{"ascii", "example.com"},
+		{"utf8", "测试域名.中国"},
+		{"special_chars", "\x00\xff\n\t"},
+		{"127_bytes", strings.Repeat("x", 127)},
+		{"128_bytes", strings.Repeat("x", 128)},
+		{"16383_bytes", strings.Repeat("x", 16383)},
+		{"16384_bytes", strings.Repeat("x", 16384)},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Old write
+			var oldBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := oldWriteString(&oldBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err = writeString(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Bytes must match
+			require.Equal(t, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes(),
+				"mismatch for %q\nold: %x\nnew: %x", tc.name, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes())
+
+			// New write -> old read
+			readBack, err := oldReadString(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// Old write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readString(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(oldBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestItemCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Note: varbin.Write has a bug where struct values (not pointers) don't write their fields
+	// because field.CanSet() returns false for non-addressable values.
+	// The old geosite code passed Item values to varbin.Write, which silently wrote nothing.
+	// The new code correctly writes Type + Value using manual serialization.
+	// This test verifies the new serialization format and round-trip correctness.
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input Item
+	}{
+		{"domain_empty", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: ""}},
+		{"domain_normal", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "example.com"}},
+		{"domain_suffix", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: ".example.com"}},
+		{"domain_keyword", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomainKeyword, Value: "google"}},
+		{"domain_regex", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomainRegex, Value: `^.*\.example\.com$`}},
+		{"utf8_domain", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "测试.com"}},
+		{"long_domain", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: strings.Repeat("a", 200) + ".com"}},
+		{"128_bytes_value", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: strings.Repeat("x", 128)}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := newBuf.WriteByte(byte(tc.input.Type))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			err = writeString(&newBuf, tc.input.Value)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Verify format: Type (1 byte) + Value (uvarint len + bytes)
+			require.True(t, len(newBuf.Bytes()) >= 1, "output too short")
+			require.Equal(t, byte(tc.input.Type), newBuf.Bytes()[0], "type byte mismatch")
+
+			// New write -> old read (varbin can read correctly when given addressable target)
+			readBack, err := oldReadItem(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// New write -> new read
+			reader := bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes()))
+			typeByte, err := reader.ReadByte()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			value, err := readString(reader)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, Item{Type: ItemType(typeByte), Value: value})
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGeositeWriteReadCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input map[string][]Item
+	}{
+		{
+			"empty_map",
+			map[string][]Item{},
+		},
+		{
+			"single_code_empty_items",
+			map[string][]Item{"test": {}},
+		},
+		{
+			"single_code_single_item",
+			map[string][]Item{"test": {{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "a.com"}}},
+		},
+		{
+			"single_code_multi_items",
+			map[string][]Item{
+				"test": {
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "a.com"},
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: ".b.com"},
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomainKeyword, Value: "keyword"},
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomainRegex, Value: `^.*$`},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"multi_code",
+			map[string][]Item{
+				"cn": {{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "baidu.com"}, {Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: ".cn"}},
+				"us": {{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "google.com"}},
+				"jp": {{Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: ".jp"}},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"utf8_values",
+			map[string][]Item{
+				"test": {
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "测试.中国"},
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: ".テスト"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"large_items",
+			generateLargeItems(1000),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Write using new implementation
+			var buf bytes.Buffer
+			err := Write(&buf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Read back and verify
+			reader, codes, err := NewReader(bytes.NewReader(buf.Bytes()))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Verify all codes exist
+			codeSet := make(map[string]bool)
+			for _, code := range codes {
+				codeSet[code] = true
+			}
+			for code := range tc.input {
+				require.True(t, codeSet[code], "missing code: %s", code)
+			}
+
+			// Verify items match
+			for code, expectedItems := range tc.input {
+				items, err := reader.Read(code)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, expectedItems, items, "items mismatch for code: %s", code)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func generateLargeItems(count int) map[string][]Item {
+	items := make([]Item, count)
+	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+		items[i] = Item{
+			Type:  ItemType(i % 4),
+			Value: strings.Repeat("x", i%200) + ".com",
+		}
+	}
+	return map[string][]Item{"large": items}
+}

common/geosite/reader.go

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 )
 
 type Reader struct {
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ func (r *Reader) readMetadata() error {
 			codeIndex  uint64
 			codeLength uint64
 		)
-		code, err = varbin.ReadValue[string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+		code, err = readString(reader)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -112,9 +111,16 @@ func (r *Reader) Read(code string) ([]Item, error) {
 	}
 	r.bufferedReader.Reset(r.reader)
 	itemList := make([]Item, r.domainLength[code])
-	err = varbin.Read(r.bufferedReader, binary.BigEndian, &itemList)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	for i := range itemList {
+		typeByte, err := r.bufferedReader.ReadByte()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		itemList[i].Type = ItemType(typeByte)
+		itemList[i].Value, err = readString(r.bufferedReader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 	}
 	return itemList, nil
 }
@@ -135,3 +141,18 @@ func (r *readCounter) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	}
 	return
 }
+
+func readString(reader io.ByteReader) (string, error) {
+	length, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	bytes := make([]byte, length)
+	for i := range bytes {
+		bytes[i], err = reader.ReadByte()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+	return string(bytes), nil
+}

common/geosite/writer.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package geosite
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"encoding/binary"
 	"sort"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
@@ -20,7 +19,11 @@ func Write(writer varbin.Writer, domains map[string][]Item) error {
 	for _, code := range keys {
 		index[code] = content.Len()
 		for _, item := range domains[code] {
-			err := varbin.Write(content, binary.BigEndian, item)
+			err := content.WriteByte(byte(item.Type))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			err = writeString(content, item.Value)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -38,7 +41,7 @@ func Write(writer varbin.Writer, domains map[string][]Item) error {
 	}
 
 	for _, code := range keys {
-		err = varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, code)
+		err = writeString(writer, code)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -59,3 +62,12 @@ func Write(writer varbin.Writer, domains map[string][]Item) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func writeString(writer varbin.Writer, value string) error {
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = writer.Write([]byte(value))
+	return err
+}

common/srs/binary.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"io"
 	"net/netip"
+	"unsafe"
 
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
@@ -505,7 +506,24 @@ func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, gen
 }
 
 func readRuleItemString(reader varbin.Reader) ([]string, error) {
-	return varbin.ReadValue[[]string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	length, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	result := make([]string, length)
+	for i := range result {
+		strLen, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		buf := make([]byte, strLen)
+		_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, buf)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		result[i] = string(buf)
+	}
+	return result, nil
 }
 
 func writeRuleItemString(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []string) error {
@@ -513,11 +531,34 @@ func writeRuleItemString(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []string) e
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+	_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, s := range value {
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(s)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = writer.Write([]byte(s))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 func readRuleItemUint8[E ~uint8](reader varbin.Reader) ([]E, error) {
-	return varbin.ReadValue[[]E](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	length, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	result := make([]E, length)
+	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, *(*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&result)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return result, nil
 }
 
 func writeRuleItemUint8[E ~uint8](writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []E) error {
@@ -525,11 +566,25 @@ func writeRuleItemUint8[E ~uint8](writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+	_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = writer.Write(*(*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&value)))
+	return err
 }
 
 func readRuleItemUint16(reader varbin.Reader) ([]uint16, error) {
-	return varbin.ReadValue[[]uint16](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	length, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	result := make([]uint16, length)
+	err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, result)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return result, nil
 }
 
 func writeRuleItemUint16(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []uint16) error {
@@ -537,7 +592,11 @@ func writeRuleItemUint16(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []uint16) e
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+	_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
 }
 
 func writeRuleItemCIDR(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []string) error {

common/srs/compat_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+package srs
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go4.org/netipx"
+)
+
+// Old implementations using varbin reflection-based serialization
+
+func oldWriteStringSlice(writer varbin.Writer, value []string) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+}
+
+func oldReadStringSlice(reader varbin.Reader) ([]string, error) {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.ReadValue[[]string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+}
+
+func oldWriteUint8Slice[E ~uint8](writer varbin.Writer, value []E) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+}
+
+func oldReadUint8Slice[E ~uint8](reader varbin.Reader) ([]E, error) {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.ReadValue[[]E](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+}
+
+func oldWriteUint16Slice(writer varbin.Writer, value []uint16) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+}
+
+func oldReadUint16Slice(reader varbin.Reader) ([]uint16, error) {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.ReadValue[[]uint16](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+}
+
+func oldWritePrefix(writer varbin.Writer, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	err := varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, prefix.Addr().AsSlice())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(prefix.Bits()))
+}
+
+type oldIPRangeData struct {
+	From []byte
+	To   []byte
+}
+
+// Note: The old writeIPSet had a bug where varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, data)
+// with a struct VALUE (not pointer) silently wrote nothing because field.CanSet() returned false.
+// This caused IP range data to be missing from the output.
+// The new implementation correctly writes all range data.
+//
+// The old readIPSet used varbin.Read with a pre-allocated slice, which worked because
+// slice elements are addressable and CanSet() returns true for them.
+//
+// For compatibility testing, we verify:
+// 1. New write produces correct output with range data
+// 2. New read can parse the new format correctly
+// 3. Round-trip works correctly
+
+func oldReadIPSet(reader varbin.Reader) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
+	version, err := reader.ReadByte()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if version != 1 {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var length uint64
+	err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &length)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	ranges := make([]oldIPRangeData, length)
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	err = varbin.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &ranges)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	mySet := &myIPSet{
+		rr: make([]myIPRange, len(ranges)),
+	}
+	for i, rangeData := range ranges {
+		mySet.rr[i].from = M.AddrFromIP(rangeData.From)
+		mySet.rr[i].to = M.AddrFromIP(rangeData.To)
+	}
+	return (*netipx.IPSet)(unsafe.Pointer(mySet)), nil
+}
+
+// New write functions (without itemType prefix for testing)
+
+func newWriteStringSlice(writer varbin.Writer, value []string) error {
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, s := range value {
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(s)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = writer.Write([]byte(s))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func newWriteUint8Slice[E ~uint8](writer varbin.Writer, value []E) error {
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = writer.Write(*(*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&value)))
+	return err
+}
+
+func newWriteUint16Slice(writer varbin.Writer, value []uint16) error {
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+}
+
+func newWritePrefix(writer varbin.Writer, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
+	addrSlice := prefix.Addr().AsSlice()
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(addrSlice)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = writer.Write(addrSlice)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return writer.WriteByte(uint8(prefix.Bits()))
+}
+
+// Tests
+
+func TestStringSliceCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input []string
+	}{
+		{"nil", nil},
+		{"empty", []string{}},
+		{"single_empty", []string{""}},
+		{"single", []string{"test"}},
+		{"multi", []string{"a", "b", "c"}},
+		{"with_empty", []string{"a", "", "c"}},
+		{"utf8", []string{"测试", "テスト", "тест"}},
+		{"long_string", []string{strings.Repeat("x", 128)}},
+		{"many_elements", generateStrings(128)},
+		{"many_elements_256", generateStrings(256)},
+		{"127_byte_string", []string{strings.Repeat("x", 127)}},
+		{"128_byte_string", []string{strings.Repeat("x", 128)}},
+		{"mixed_lengths", []string{"a", strings.Repeat("b", 100), "", strings.Repeat("c", 200)}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Old write
+			var oldBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := oldWriteStringSlice(&oldBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err = newWriteStringSlice(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Bytes must match
+			require.Equal(t, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes(),
+				"mismatch for %q\nold: %x\nnew: %x", tc.name, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes())
+
+			// New write -> old read
+			readBack, err := oldReadStringSlice(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireStringSliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// Old write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readRuleItemString(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(oldBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireStringSliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUint8SliceCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input []uint8
+	}{
+		{"nil", nil},
+		{"empty", []uint8{}},
+		{"single_zero", []uint8{0}},
+		{"single_max", []uint8{255}},
+		{"multi", []uint8{0, 1, 127, 128, 255}},
+		{"boundary", []uint8{0x00, 0x7f, 0x80, 0xff}},
+		{"sequential", generateUint8Slice(256)},
+		{"127_elements", generateUint8Slice(127)},
+		{"128_elements", generateUint8Slice(128)},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Old write
+			var oldBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := oldWriteUint8Slice(&oldBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err = newWriteUint8Slice(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Bytes must match
+			require.Equal(t, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes(),
+				"mismatch for %q\nold: %x\nnew: %x", tc.name, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes())
+
+			// New write -> old read
+			readBack, err := oldReadUint8Slice[uint8](bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireUint8SliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// Old write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readRuleItemUint8[uint8](bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(oldBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireUint8SliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUint16SliceCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input []uint16
+	}{
+		{"nil", nil},
+		{"empty", []uint16{}},
+		{"single_zero", []uint16{0}},
+		{"single_max", []uint16{65535}},
+		{"multi", []uint16{0, 255, 256, 32767, 32768, 65535}},
+		{"ports", []uint16{80, 443, 8080, 8443}},
+		{"127_elements", generateUint16Slice(127)},
+		{"128_elements", generateUint16Slice(128)},
+		{"256_elements", generateUint16Slice(256)},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Old write
+			var oldBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := oldWriteUint16Slice(&oldBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err = newWriteUint16Slice(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Bytes must match
+			require.Equal(t, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes(),
+				"mismatch for %q\nold: %x\nnew: %x", tc.name, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes())
+
+			// New write -> old read
+			readBack, err := oldReadUint16Slice(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireUint16SliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// Old write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readRuleItemUint16(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(oldBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireUint16SliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPrefixCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input netip.Prefix
+	}{
+		{"ipv4_0", netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
+		{"ipv4_8", netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")},
+		{"ipv4_16", netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/16")},
+		{"ipv4_24", netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+		{"ipv4_32", netip.MustParsePrefix("1.2.3.4/32")},
+		{"ipv6_0", netip.MustParsePrefix("::/0")},
+		{"ipv6_64", netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8::/64")},
+		{"ipv6_128", netip.MustParsePrefix("::1/128")},
+		{"ipv6_full", netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334/128")},
+		{"ipv4_private", netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/12")},
+		{"ipv6_link_local", netip.MustParsePrefix("fe80::/10")},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Old write
+			var oldBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := oldWritePrefix(&oldBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err = newWritePrefix(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Bytes must match
+			require.Equal(t, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes(),
+				"mismatch for %q\nold: %x\nnew: %x", tc.name, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes())
+
+			// New write -> new read (no old read for prefix)
+			readBack, err := readPrefix(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// Old write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readPrefix(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(oldBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIPSetCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Note: The old writeIPSet was buggy (varbin.Write with struct values wrote nothing).
+	// This test verifies the new implementation writes correct data and round-trips correctly.
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input *netipx.IPSet
+	}{
+		{"single_ipv4", buildIPSet("1.2.3.4")},
+		{"ipv4_range", buildIPSet("192.168.0.0/16")},
+		{"multi_ipv4", buildIPSet("10.0.0.0/8", "172.16.0.0/12", "192.168.0.0/16")},
+		{"single_ipv6", buildIPSet("::1")},
+		{"ipv6_range", buildIPSet("2001:db8::/32")},
+		{"mixed", buildIPSet("10.0.0.0/8", "::1", "2001:db8::/32")},
+		{"large", buildLargeIPSet(100)},
+		{"adjacent_ranges", buildIPSet("192.168.0.0/24", "192.168.1.0/24", "192.168.2.0/24")},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := writeIPSet(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Verify format starts with version byte (1) + uint64 count
+			require.True(t, len(newBuf.Bytes()) >= 9, "output too short")
+			require.Equal(t, byte(1), newBuf.Bytes()[0], "version byte mismatch")
+
+			// New write -> old read (varbin.Read with pre-allocated slice works correctly)
+			readBack, err := oldReadIPSet(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireIPSetEqual(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// New write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readIPSet(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireIPSetEqual(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Helper functions
+
+func generateStrings(count int) []string {
+	result := make([]string, count)
+	for i := range result {
+		result[i] = strings.Repeat("x", i%50)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func generateUint8Slice(count int) []uint8 {
+	result := make([]uint8, count)
+	for i := range result {
+		result[i] = uint8(i % 256)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func generateUint16Slice(count int) []uint16 {
+	result := make([]uint16, count)
+	for i := range result {
+		result[i] = uint16(i * 257)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func buildIPSet(cidrs ...string) *netipx.IPSet {
+	var builder netipx.IPSetBuilder
+	for _, cidr := range cidrs {
+		prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(cidr)
+		if err != nil {
+			addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(cidr)
+			if err != nil {
+				panic(err)
+			}
+			builder.Add(addr)
+		} else {
+			builder.AddPrefix(prefix)
+		}
+	}
+	set, _ := builder.IPSet()
+	return set
+}
+
+func buildLargeIPSet(count int) *netipx.IPSet {
+	var builder netipx.IPSetBuilder
+	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+		prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{10, byte(i / 256), byte(i % 256), 0}), 24)
+		builder.AddPrefix(prefix)
+	}
+	set, _ := builder.IPSet()
+	return set
+}
+
+func requireStringSliceEqual(t *testing.T, expected, actual []string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(expected) == 0 && len(actual) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, expected, actual)
+}
+
+func requireUint8SliceEqual(t *testing.T, expected, actual []uint8) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(expected) == 0 && len(actual) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, expected, actual)
+}
+
+func requireUint16SliceEqual(t *testing.T, expected, actual []uint16) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(expected) == 0 && len(actual) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, expected, actual)
+}
+
+func requireIPSetEqual(t *testing.T, expected, actual *netipx.IPSet) {
+	t.Helper()
+	expectedRanges := expected.Ranges()
+	actualRanges := actual.Ranges()
+	require.Equal(t, len(expectedRanges), len(actualRanges), "range count mismatch")
+	for i := range expectedRanges {
+		require.Equal(t, expectedRanges[i].From(), actualRanges[i].From(), "range[%d].from mismatch", i)
+		require.Equal(t, expectedRanges[i].To(), actualRanges[i].To(), "range[%d].to mismatch", i)
+	}
+}

common/srs/ip_cidr.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package srs
 
 import (
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
 	"net/netip"
 
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
@@ -9,11 +10,16 @@ import (
 )
 
 func readPrefix(reader varbin.Reader) (netip.Prefix, error) {
-	addrSlice, err := varbin.ReadValue[[]byte](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	addrLen, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return netip.Prefix{}, err
 	}
-	prefixBits, err := varbin.ReadValue[uint8](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	addrSlice := make([]byte, addrLen)
+	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, addrSlice)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, err
+	}
+	prefixBits, err := reader.ReadByte()
 	if err != nil {
 		return netip.Prefix{}, err
 	}
@@ -21,11 +27,16 @@ func readPrefix(reader varbin.Reader) (netip.Prefix, error) {
 }
 
 func writePrefix(writer varbin.Writer, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
-	err := varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, prefix.Addr().AsSlice())
+	addrSlice := prefix.Addr().AsSlice()
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(addrSlice)))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(prefix.Bits()))
+	_, err = writer.Write(addrSlice)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = writer.WriteByte(uint8(prefix.Bits()))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

common/srs/ip_set.go

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ package srs
 
 import (
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"unsafe"
 
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 
@@ -22,11 +22,6 @@ type myIPRange struct {
 	to   netip.Addr
 }
 
-type myIPRangeData struct {
-	From []byte
-	To   []byte
-}
-
 func readIPSet(reader varbin.Reader) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
 	version, err := reader.ReadByte()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -41,17 +36,30 @@ func readIPSet(reader varbin.Reader) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	ranges := make([]myIPRangeData, length)
-	err = varbin.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &ranges)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
 	mySet := &myIPSet{
-		rr: make([]myIPRange, len(ranges)),
+		rr: make([]myIPRange, length),
 	}
-	for i, rangeData := range ranges {
-		mySet.rr[i].from = M.AddrFromIP(rangeData.From)
-		mySet.rr[i].to = M.AddrFromIP(rangeData.To)
+	for i := range mySet.rr {
+		fromLen, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		fromBytes := make([]byte, fromLen)
+		_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, fromBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		toLen, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		toBytes := make([]byte, toLen)
+		_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, toBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		mySet.rr[i].from = M.AddrFromIP(fromBytes)
+		mySet.rr[i].to = M.AddrFromIP(toBytes)
 	}
 	return (*netipx.IPSet)(unsafe.Pointer(mySet)), nil
 }
@@ -61,18 +69,27 @@ func writeIPSet(writer varbin.Writer, set *netipx.IPSet) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	dataList := common.Map((*myIPSet)(unsafe.Pointer(set)).rr, func(rr myIPRange) myIPRangeData {
-		return myIPRangeData{
-			From: rr.from.AsSlice(),
-			To:   rr.to.AsSlice(),
-		}
-	})
-	err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint64(len(dataList)))
+	mySet := (*myIPSet)(unsafe.Pointer(set))
+	err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint64(len(mySet.rr)))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	for _, data := range dataList {
-		err = varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, data)
+	for _, rr := range mySet.rr {
+		fromBytes := rr.from.AsSlice()
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(fromBytes)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = writer.Write(fromBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		toBytes := rr.to.AsSlice()
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(toBytes)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = writer.Write(toBytes)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

common/tls/acme.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
+	"github.com/libdns/acmedns"
 	"github.com/libdns/alidns"
 	"github.com/libdns/cloudflare"
 	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
@@ -126,6 +127,13 @@ func startACME(ctx context.Context, logger logger.Logger, options option.Inbound
 				APIToken:  dnsOptions.CloudflareOptions.APIToken,
 				ZoneToken: dnsOptions.CloudflareOptions.ZoneToken,
 			}
+		case C.DNSProviderACMEDNS:
+			solver.DNSProvider = &acmedns.Provider{
+				Username:  dnsOptions.ACMEDNSOptions.Username,
+				Password:  dnsOptions.ACMEDNSOptions.Password,
+				Subdomain: dnsOptions.ACMEDNSOptions.Subdomain,
+				ServerURL: dnsOptions.ACMEDNSOptions.ServerURL,
+			}
 		default:
 			return nil, nil, E.New("unsupported ACME DNS01 provider type: " + dnsOptions.Provider)
 		}

constant/dns.go

@@ -33,4 +33,5 @@ const (
 const (
 	DNSProviderAliDNS     = "alidns"
 	DNSProviderCloudflare = "cloudflare"
+	DNSProviderACMEDNS    = "acmedns"
 )

daemon/instance.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/urltest"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/deprecated"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/include"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
@@ -103,6 +104,7 @@ func (s *StartedService) newInstance(profileContent string, overrideOptions *Ove
 	i.clashServer = service.FromContext[adapter.ClashServer](ctx)
 	i.pauseManager = service.FromContext[pause.Manager](ctx)
 	i.cacheFile = service.FromContext[adapter.CacheFile](ctx)
+	log.SetStdLogger(boxInstance.LogFactory().Logger())
 	return i, nil
 }
 

dns/client.go

@@ -144,7 +144,11 @@ func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, m
 		if c.cache != nil {
 			cond, loaded := c.cacheLock.LoadOrStore(question, make(chan struct{}))
 			if loaded {
-				<-cond
+				select {
+				case <-cond:
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					return nil, ctx.Err()
+				}
 			} else {
 				defer func() {
 					c.cacheLock.Delete(question)
@@ -154,7 +158,11 @@ func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, m
 		} else if c.transportCache != nil {
 			cond, loaded := c.transportCacheLock.LoadOrStore(question, make(chan struct{}))
 			if loaded {
-				<-cond
+				select {
+				case <-cond:
+				case <-ctx.Done():
+					return nil, ctx.Err()
+				}
 			} else {
 				defer func() {
 					c.transportCacheLock.Delete(question)

docs/changelog.md

@@ -2,10 +2,217 @@
 icon: material/alert-decagram
 ---
 
-#### 1.13.0-beta.7
+#### 1.13.0-rc.3
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
+Important changes since 1.12:
+
+* Add NaiveProxy outbound **1**
+* Add pre-match support for `auto_redirect` **2**
+* Improve `auto_redirect` **3**
+* Add Chrome Root Store certificate option **4**
+* Add new options for ACME DNS-01 challenge providers **5**
+* Add Wi-Fi state support for Linux and Windows **6**
+* Add curve preferences, pinned public key SHA256, mTLS and ECH `query_server_name` for TLS options **7**
+* Add kTLS support **8**
+* Add ICMP echo (ping) proxy support **9**
+* Add `interface_address`, `network_interface_address` and `default_interface_address` rule items **10**
+* Add `preferred_by` route rule item **11**
+* Improve `local` DNS server **12**
+* Add `disable_tcp_keep_alive`, `tcp_keep_alive` and `tcp_keep_alive_interval` options for listen and dial fields **13**
+* Add `bind_address_no_port` option for dial fields **14**
+* Add system interface and relay server options for Tailscale endpoint **15**
+* Add Claude Code Multiplexer service **16**
+* Add OpenAI Codex Multiplexer service **17**
+* Apple/Android: Refactor GUI
+* Apple/Android: Add support for sharing configurations via [QRS](https://github.com/qifi-dev/qrs)
+* Android: Add support for resisting VPN detection via Xposed
+* Drop support for go1.23 **18**
+* Drop support for Android 5.0 **19**
+* Update uTLS to v1.8.2 **20**
+* Update quic-go to v0.59.0
+* Update gVisor to v20250811
+* Update Tailscale to v1.92.4
+
+**1**:
+
+NaiveProxy outbound now supports QUIC, ECH, UDP over TCP, and configurable QUIC congestion control.
+
+Only available on Apple platforms, Android, Windows and some Linux architectures.
+Each Windows release includes `libcronet.dll` —
+ensure this file is in the same directory as `sing-box.exe` or in a directory listed in `PATH`.
+
+See [NaiveProxy outbound](/configuration/outbound/naive/).
+
+**2**:
+
+`auto_redirect` now allows you to bypass sing-box for connections based on routing rules.
+
+A new rule action `bypass` is introduced to support this feature. When matched during pre-match, the connection will bypass sing-box and connect directly.
+
+This feature requires Linux with `auto_redirect` enabled.
+
+See [Pre-match](/configuration/shared/pre-match/) and [Rule Action](/configuration/route/rule_action/#bypass).
+
+**3**:
+
+`auto_redirect` now rejects MPTCP connections by default to fix compatibility issues.
+You can change it to bypass sing-box via the new `exclude_mptcp` option.
+
+Adds a fallback iproute2 rule checked after system default rules (32766: main, 32767: default),
+ensuring traffic is routed to the sing-box table when no route is found in system tables.
+The rule index can be customized via `auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index` (default: 32768).
+
+See [TUN](/configuration/inbound/tun/#exclude_mptcp).
+
+**4**:
+
+Adds `chrome` as a new certificate store option alongside `mozilla`.
+Both stores filter out China-based CA certificates.
+
+See [Certificate](/configuration/certificate/#store).
+
+**5**:
+
+See [DNS-01 Challenge](/configuration/shared/dns01_challenge/).
+
+**6**:
+
+sing-box can now monitor Wi-Fi state on Linux and Windows to enable routing rules based on `wifi_ssid` and `wifi_bssid`.
+
+See [Wi-Fi State](/configuration/shared/wifi-state/).
+
+**7**:
+
+See [TLS](/configuration/shared/tls/).
+
+**8**:
+
+Adds `kernel_tx` and `kernel_rx` options for TLS inbound.
+Enables kernel-level TLS offloading via `splice(2)` on Linux 5.1+ with TLS 1.3.
+
+See [TLS](/configuration/shared/tls/).
+
+**9**:
+
+sing-box can now proxy ICMP echo (ping) requests.
+A new `icmp` network type is available for route rules.
+Supported from TUN, WireGuard and Tailscale inbounds to Direct, WireGuard and Tailscale outbounds.
+The `reject` action can also reply to ICMP echo requests.
+
+**10**:
+
+New rule items for matching based on interface IP addresses, available in route rules, DNS rules and rule-sets.
+
+**11**:
+
+Matches outbounds' preferred routes.
+For Tailscale: MagicDNS domains and peers' allowed IPs. For WireGuard: peers' allowed IPs.
+
+**12**:
+
+The `local` DNS server now uses platform-native resolution:
+`getaddrinfo`/libresolv on Apple platforms, systemd-resolved DBus on Linux.
+A new `prefer_go` option is available to opt out.
+
+See [Local DNS](/configuration/dns/server/local/).
+
+**13**:
+
+The default TCP keep-alive initial period has been updated from 10 minutes to 5 minutes.
+
+See [Dial Fields](/configuration/shared/dial/#tcp_keep_alive).
+
+**14**:
+
+Adds the Linux socket option `IP_BIND_ADDRESS_NO_PORT` support when explicitly binding to a source address.
+
+This allows reusing the same source port for multiple connections, improving scalability for high-concurrency proxy scenarios.
+
+See [Dial Fields](/configuration/shared/dial/#bind_address_no_port).
+
+**15**:
+
+Tailscale endpoint can now create a system TUN interface to handle traffic directly.
+New `relay_server_port` and `relay_server_static_endpoints` options for incoming relay connections.
+
+See [Tailscale endpoint](/configuration/endpoint/tailscale/).
+
+**16**:
+
+CCM (Claude Code Multiplexer) service allows you to access your local Claude Code subscription remotely through custom tokens, eliminating the need for OAuth authentication on remote clients.
+
+See [CCM](/configuration/service/ccm).
+
+**17**:
+
+See [OCM](/configuration/service/ocm).
+
+**18**:
+
+Due to maintenance difficulties, sing-box 1.13.0 requires at least Go 1.24 to compile.
+
+**19**:
+
+Due to maintenance difficulties, sing-box 1.13.0 will be the last version to support Android 5.0,
+and only through a separate legacy build (with `-legacy-android-5` suffix).
+
+For standalone binaries, the minimum Android version has been raised to Android 6.0,
+since Termux requires Android 7.0 or later.
+
+**20**:
+
+This update fixes missing padding extension for Chrome 120+ fingerprints.
+
+Also, documentation has been updated with a warning about uTLS fingerprinting vulnerabilities.
+uTLS is not recommended for censorship circumvention due to fundamental architectural limitations;
+use NaiveProxy instead for TLS fingerprint resistance.
+
+#### 1.12.21
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.13.0-rc.2
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.12.20
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.13.0-rc.1
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.12.19
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+#### 1.13.0-beta.8
+
+* Add fallback routing rule for `auto_redirect` **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+Adds a fallback iproute2 rule checked after system default rules (32766: main, 32767: default),
+ensuring traffic is routed to the sing-box table when no route is found in system tables.
+
+The rule index can be customized via `auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index` (default: 32768).
+
+#### 1.12.18
+
+* Add fallback routing rule for `auto_redirect` **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+Adds a fallback iproute2 rule checked after system default rules (32766: main, 32767: default),
+ensuring traffic is routed to the sing-box table when no route is found in system tables.
+
+The rule index can be customized via `auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index` (default: 32768).
+
 #### 1.13.0-beta.6
 
 * Update uTLS to v1.8.2 **1**

docs/configuration/inbound/tun.md

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ icon: material/new-box
 
     :material-plus: [auto_redirect_reset_mark](#auto_redirect_reset_mark)  
     :material-plus: [auto_redirect_nfqueue](#auto_redirect_nfqueue)  
-    :material-plus: [exclude_mptcp](#exclude_mptcp)
+    :material-plus: [exclude_mptcp](#exclude_mptcp)  
+    :material-plus: [auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index](#auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index)
 
 !!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.12.0"
 
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ icon: material/new-box
   "auto_redirect_output_mark": "0x2024",
   "auto_redirect_reset_mark": "0x2025",
   "auto_redirect_nfqueue": 100,
+  "auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index": 32768,
   "exclude_mptcp": false,
   "loopback_address": [
     "10.7.0.1"
@@ -303,6 +305,17 @@ NFQueue number used by `auto_redirect` pre-matching.
 
 `100` is used by default.
 
+#### auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.12.18"
+
+Linux iproute2 fallback rule index generated by `auto_redirect`.
+
+This rule is checked after system default rules (32766: main, 32767: default),
+routing traffic to the sing-box table only when no route is found in system tables.
+
+`32768` is used by default.
+
 #### exclude_mptcp
 
 !!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"

docs/configuration/inbound/tun.zh.md

@@ -6,7 +6,8 @@ icon: material/new-box
 
     :material-plus: [auto_redirect_reset_mark](#auto_redirect_reset_mark)  
     :material-plus: [auto_redirect_nfqueue](#auto_redirect_nfqueue)  
-    :material-plus: [exclude_mptcp](#exclude_mptcp)
+    :material-plus: [exclude_mptcp](#exclude_mptcp)  
+    :material-plus: [auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index](#auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index)
 
 !!! quote "sing-box 1.12.0 中的更改"
 
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ icon: material/new-box
   "auto_redirect_output_mark": "0x2024",
   "auto_redirect_reset_mark": "0x2025",
   "auto_redirect_nfqueue": 100,
+  "auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index": 32768,
   "exclude_mptcp": false,
   "loopback_address": [
     "10.7.0.1"
@@ -302,13 +304,24 @@ tun 接口的 IPv6 前缀。
 
 默认使用 `100`。
 
+#### auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.12.18 起"
+
+`auto_redirect` 生成的 iproute2 回退规则索引。
+
+此规则在系统默认规则（32766: main，32767: default）之后检查，
+仅当系统路由表中未找到路由时才将流量路由到 sing-box 路由表。
+
+默认使用 `32768`。
+
 #### exclude_mptcp
 
 !!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
 
 !!! quote ""
 
-    仅支持 Linux，且需要 nftables，`auto_route` 和 `auto_redirect` 已启用。 
+    仅支持 Linux，且需要 nftables，`auto_route` 和 `auto_redirect` 已启用。
 
 由于协议限制，MPTCP 无法被透明代理。
 

docs/configuration/shared/dns01_challenge.md

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ icon: material/new-box
 !!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.13.0"
 
     :material-plus: [alidns.security_token](#security_token)  
-    :material-plus: [cloudflare.zone_token](#zone_token)
+    :material-plus: [cloudflare.zone_token](#zone_token)  
+    :material-plus: [acmedns](#acmedns)
 
 ### Structure
 
@@ -54,3 +55,19 @@ The Security Token for STS temporary credentials.
 Optional API token with `Zone:Read` permission.
 
 When provided, allows `api_token` to be scoped to a single zone.
+
+#### ACME-DNS
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+```json
+{
+  "provider": "acmedns",
+  "username": "",
+  "password": "",
+  "subdomain": "",
+  "server_url": ""
+}
+```
+
+See [ACME-DNS](https://github.com/joohoi/acme-dns) for details.

docs/configuration/shared/dns01_challenge.zh.md

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ icon: material/new-box
 !!! quote "sing-box 1.13.0 中的更改"
 
     :material-plus: [alidns.security_token](#security_token)  
-    :material-plus: [cloudflare.zone_token](#zone_token)
+    :material-plus: [cloudflare.zone_token](#zone_token)  
+    :material-plus: [acmedns](#acmedns)
 
 ### 结构
 
@@ -54,3 +55,19 @@ icon: material/new-box
 具有 `Zone:Read` 权限的可选 API 令牌。
 
 提供后可将 `api_token` 限定到单个区域。
+
+#### ACME-DNS
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
+
+```json
+{
+  "provider": "acmedns",
+  "username": "",
+  "password": "",
+  "subdomain": "",
+  "server_url": ""
+}
+```
+
+参阅 [ACME-DNS](https://github.com/joohoi/acme-dns)。

experimental/cachefile/cache.go

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ type CacheFile struct {
 	storeRDRC         bool
 	rdrcTimeout       time.Duration
 	DB                *bbolt.DB
+	resetAccess       sync.Mutex
 	saveMetadataTimer *time.Timer
 	saveFakeIPAccess  sync.RWMutex
 	saveDomain        map[netip.Addr]string
@@ -169,13 +170,55 @@ func (c *CacheFile) Close() error {
 	return c.DB.Close()
 }
 
+func (c *CacheFile) view(fn func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error) (err error) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			c.resetDB()
+			err = E.New("database corrupted: ", r)
+		}
+	}()
+	return c.DB.View(fn)
+}
+
+func (c *CacheFile) batch(fn func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error) (err error) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			c.resetDB()
+			err = E.New("database corrupted: ", r)
+		}
+	}()
+	return c.DB.Batch(fn)
+}
+
+func (c *CacheFile) update(fn func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error) (err error) {
+	defer func() {
+		if r := recover(); r != nil {
+			c.resetDB()
+			err = E.New("database corrupted: ", r)
+		}
+	}()
+	return c.DB.Update(fn)
+}
+
+func (c *CacheFile) resetDB() {
+	c.resetAccess.Lock()
+	defer c.resetAccess.Unlock()
+	c.DB.Close()
+	os.Remove(c.path)
+	db, err := bbolt.Open(c.path, 0o666, &bbolt.Options{Timeout: time.Second})
+	if err == nil {
+		_ = filemanager.Chown(c.ctx, c.path)
+		c.DB = db
+	}
+}
+
 func (c *CacheFile) StoreFakeIP() bool {
 	return c.storeFakeIP
 }
 
 func (c *CacheFile) LoadMode() string {
 	var mode string
-	c.DB.View(func(t *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	c.view(func(t *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket := t.Bucket(bucketMode)
 		if bucket == nil {
 			return nil
@@ -193,7 +236,7 @@ func (c *CacheFile) LoadMode() string {
 }
 
 func (c *CacheFile) StoreMode(mode string) error {
-	return c.DB.Batch(func(t *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return c.batch(func(t *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket, err := t.CreateBucketIfNotExists(bucketMode)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -230,7 +273,7 @@ func (c *CacheFile) createBucket(t *bbolt.Tx, key []byte) (*bbolt.Bucket, error)
 
 func (c *CacheFile) LoadSelected(group string) string {
 	var selected string
-	c.DB.View(func(t *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	c.view(func(t *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket := c.bucket(t, bucketSelected)
 		if bucket == nil {
 			return nil
@@ -245,7 +288,7 @@ func (c *CacheFile) LoadSelected(group string) string {
 }
 
 func (c *CacheFile) StoreSelected(group, selected string) error {
-	return c.DB.Batch(func(t *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return c.batch(func(t *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket, err := c.createBucket(t, bucketSelected)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -255,7 +298,7 @@ func (c *CacheFile) StoreSelected(group, selected string) error {
 }
 
 func (c *CacheFile) LoadGroupExpand(group string) (isExpand bool, loaded bool) {
-	c.DB.View(func(t *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	c.view(func(t *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket := c.bucket(t, bucketExpand)
 		if bucket == nil {
 			return nil
@@ -271,7 +314,7 @@ func (c *CacheFile) LoadGroupExpand(group string) (isExpand bool, loaded bool) {
 }
 
 func (c *CacheFile) StoreGroupExpand(group string, isExpand bool) error {
-	return c.DB.Batch(func(t *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return c.batch(func(t *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket, err := c.createBucket(t, bucketExpand)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -286,7 +329,7 @@ func (c *CacheFile) StoreGroupExpand(group string, isExpand bool) error {
 
 func (c *CacheFile) LoadRuleSet(tag string) *adapter.SavedBinary {
 	var savedSet adapter.SavedBinary
-	err := c.DB.View(func(t *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err := c.view(func(t *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket := c.bucket(t, bucketRuleSet)
 		if bucket == nil {
 			return os.ErrNotExist
@@ -304,7 +347,7 @@ func (c *CacheFile) LoadRuleSet(tag string) *adapter.SavedBinary {
 }
 
 func (c *CacheFile) SaveRuleSet(tag string, set *adapter.SavedBinary) error {
-	return c.DB.Batch(func(t *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return c.batch(func(t *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket, err := c.createBucket(t, bucketRuleSet)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err

experimental/cachefile/fakeip.go

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ var (
 
 func (c *CacheFile) FakeIPMetadata() *adapter.FakeIPMetadata {
 	var metadata adapter.FakeIPMetadata
-	err := c.DB.Batch(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err := c.batch(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket := tx.Bucket(bucketFakeIP)
 		if bucket == nil {
 			return os.ErrNotExist
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func (c *CacheFile) FakeIPMetadata() *adapter.FakeIPMetadata {
 }
 
 func (c *CacheFile) FakeIPSaveMetadata(metadata *adapter.FakeIPMetadata) error {
-	return c.DB.Batch(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return c.batch(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket, err := tx.CreateBucketIfNotExists(bucketFakeIP)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ func (c *CacheFile) FakeIPSaveMetadataAsync(metadata *adapter.FakeIPMetadata) {
 }
 
 func (c *CacheFile) FakeIPStore(address netip.Addr, domain string) error {
-	return c.DB.Batch(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return c.batch(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket, err := tx.CreateBucketIfNotExists(bucketFakeIP)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ func (c *CacheFile) FakeIPLoad(address netip.Addr) (string, bool) {
 		return cachedDomain, true
 	}
 	var domain string
-	_ = c.DB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	_ = c.view(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket := tx.Bucket(bucketFakeIP)
 		if bucket == nil {
 			return nil
@@ -163,7 +163,7 @@ func (c *CacheFile) FakeIPLoadDomain(domain string, isIPv6 bool) (netip.Addr, bo
 		return cachedAddress, true
 	}
 	var address netip.Addr
-	_ = c.DB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	_ = c.view(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		var bucket *bbolt.Bucket
 		if isIPv6 {
 			bucket = tx.Bucket(bucketFakeIPDomain6)
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ func (c *CacheFile) FakeIPLoadDomain(domain string, isIPv6 bool) (netip.Addr, bo
 }
 
 func (c *CacheFile) FakeIPReset() error {
-	return c.DB.Batch(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return c.batch(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		err := tx.DeleteBucket(bucketFakeIP)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err

experimental/cachefile/rdrc.go

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ func (c *CacheFile) LoadRDRC(transportName string, qName string, qType uint16) (
 	copy(key[2:], qName)
 	defer buf.Put(key)
 	var deleteCache bool
-	err := c.DB.View(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	err := c.view(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket := c.bucket(tx, bucketRDRC)
 		if bucket == nil {
 			return nil
@@ -56,7 +56,7 @@ func (c *CacheFile) LoadRDRC(transportName string, qName string, qType uint16) (
 		return
 	}
 	if deleteCache {
-		c.DB.Update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+		c.update(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 			bucket := c.bucket(tx, bucketRDRC)
 			if bucket == nil {
 				return nil
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ func (c *CacheFile) LoadRDRC(transportName string, qName string, qType uint16) (
 }
 
 func (c *CacheFile) SaveRDRC(transportName string, qName string, qType uint16) error {
-	return c.DB.Batch(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
+	return c.batch(func(tx *bbolt.Tx) error {
 		bucket, err := c.createBucket(tx, bucketRDRC)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err

experimental/libbox/command_client.go

@@ -362,7 +362,7 @@ func (c *CommandClient) handleStatusStream() {
 			c.handler.Disconnected(err.Error())
 			return
 		}
-		c.handler.WriteStatus(StatusMessageFromGRPC(status))
+		c.handler.WriteStatus(statusMessageFromGRPC(status))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -381,7 +381,7 @@ func (c *CommandClient) handleGroupStream() {
 			c.handler.Disconnected(err.Error())
 			return
 		}
-		c.handler.WriteGroups(OutboundGroupIteratorFromGRPC(groups))
+		c.handler.WriteGroups(outboundGroupIteratorFromGRPC(groups))
 	}
 }
 
@@ -447,7 +447,7 @@ func (c *CommandClient) handleConnectionsStream() {
 			c.handler.Disconnected(err.Error())
 			return
 		}
-		libboxEvents := ConnectionEventsFromGRPC(events)
+		libboxEvents := connectionEventsFromGRPC(events)
 		c.handler.WriteConnectionEvents(libboxEvents)
 	}
 }
@@ -523,7 +523,7 @@ func (c *CommandClient) GetSystemProxyStatus() (*SystemProxyStatus, error) {
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		return SystemProxyStatusFromGRPC(status), nil
+		return systemProxyStatusFromGRPC(status), nil
 	})
 }
 

experimental/libbox/command_server.go

@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ type CommandServerHandler interface {
 }
 
 func NewCommandServer(handler CommandServerHandler, platformInterface PlatformInterface) (*CommandServer, error) {
-	ctx := BaseContext(platformInterface)
+	ctx := baseContext(platformInterface)
 	platformWrapper := &platformInterfaceWrapper{
 		iif:       platformInterface,
 		useProcFS: platformInterface.UseProcFS(),

experimental/libbox/command_types.go

@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ type OutboundGroup struct {
 	Selectable bool
 	Selected   string
 	IsExpand   bool
-	ItemList   []*OutboundGroupItem
+	itemList   []*OutboundGroupItem
 }
 
 func (g *OutboundGroup) GetItems() OutboundGroupItemIterator {
-	return newIterator(g.ItemList)
+	return newIterator(g.itemList)
 }
 
 type OutboundGroupIterator interface {
@@ -267,12 +267,12 @@ type Connection struct {
 	Rule          string
 	Outbound      string
 	OutboundType  string
-	ChainList     []string
+	chainList     []string
 	ProcessInfo   *ProcessInfo
 }
 
 func (c *Connection) Chain() StringIterator {
-	return newIterator(c.ChainList)
+	return newIterator(c.chainList)
 }
 
 func (c *Connection) DisplayDestination() string {
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ type ConnectionIterator interface {
 	HasNext() bool
 }
 
-func StatusMessageFromGRPC(status *daemon.Status) *StatusMessage {
+func statusMessageFromGRPC(status *daemon.Status) *StatusMessage {
 	if status == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -309,7 +309,7 @@ func StatusMessageFromGRPC(status *daemon.Status) *StatusMessage {
 	}
 }
 
-func OutboundGroupIteratorFromGRPC(groups *daemon.Groups) OutboundGroupIterator {
+func outboundGroupIteratorFromGRPC(groups *daemon.Groups) OutboundGroupIterator {
 	if groups == nil || len(groups.Group) == 0 {
 		return newIterator([]*OutboundGroup{})
 	}
@@ -323,7 +323,7 @@ func OutboundGroupIteratorFromGRPC(groups *daemon.Groups) OutboundGroupIterator
 			IsExpand:   g.IsExpand,
 		}
 		for _, item := range g.Items {
-			libboxGroup.ItemList = append(libboxGroup.ItemList, &OutboundGroupItem{
+			libboxGroup.itemList = append(libboxGroup.itemList, &OutboundGroupItem{
 				Tag:          item.Tag,
 				Type:         item.Type,
 				URLTestTime:  item.UrlTestTime,
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ func OutboundGroupIteratorFromGRPC(groups *daemon.Groups) OutboundGroupIterator
 	return newIterator(libboxGroups)
 }
 
-func ConnectionFromGRPC(conn *daemon.Connection) Connection {
+func connectionFromGRPC(conn *daemon.Connection) Connection {
 	var processInfo *ProcessInfo
 	if conn.ProcessInfo != nil {
 		processInfo = &ProcessInfo{
@@ -367,12 +367,12 @@ func ConnectionFromGRPC(conn *daemon.Connection) Connection {
 		Rule:          conn.Rule,
 		Outbound:      conn.Outbound,
 		OutboundType:  conn.OutboundType,
-		ChainList:     conn.ChainList,
+		chainList:     conn.ChainList,
 		ProcessInfo:   processInfo,
 	}
 }
 
-func ConnectionEventFromGRPC(event *daemon.ConnectionEvent) *ConnectionEvent {
+func connectionEventFromGRPC(event *daemon.ConnectionEvent) *ConnectionEvent {
 	if event == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -384,13 +384,13 @@ func ConnectionEventFromGRPC(event *daemon.ConnectionEvent) *ConnectionEvent {
 		ClosedAt:      event.ClosedAt,
 	}
 	if event.Connection != nil {
-		conn := ConnectionFromGRPC(event.Connection)
+		conn := connectionFromGRPC(event.Connection)
 		libboxEvent.Connection = &conn
 	}
 	return libboxEvent
 }
 
-func ConnectionEventsFromGRPC(events *daemon.ConnectionEvents) *ConnectionEvents {
+func connectionEventsFromGRPC(events *daemon.ConnectionEvents) *ConnectionEvents {
 	if events == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -398,14 +398,14 @@ func ConnectionEventsFromGRPC(events *daemon.ConnectionEvents) *ConnectionEvents
 		Reset: events.Reset_,
 	}
 	for _, event := range events.Events {
-		if libboxEvent := ConnectionEventFromGRPC(event); libboxEvent != nil {
+		if libboxEvent := connectionEventFromGRPC(event); libboxEvent != nil {
 			libboxEvents.events = append(libboxEvents.events, libboxEvent)
 		}
 	}
 	return libboxEvents
 }
 
-func SystemProxyStatusFromGRPC(status *daemon.SystemProxyStatus) *SystemProxyStatus {
+func systemProxyStatusFromGRPC(status *daemon.SystemProxyStatus) *SystemProxyStatus {
 	if status == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
@@ -415,7 +415,7 @@ func SystemProxyStatusFromGRPC(status *daemon.SystemProxyStatus) *SystemProxySta
 	}
 }
 
-func SystemProxyStatusToGRPC(status *SystemProxyStatus) *daemon.SystemProxyStatus {
+func systemProxyStatusToGRPC(status *SystemProxyStatus) *daemon.SystemProxyStatus {
 	if status == nil {
 		return nil
 	}

experimental/libbox/config.go

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service/filemanager"
 )
 
-func BaseContext(platformInterface PlatformInterface) context.Context {
+func baseContext(platformInterface PlatformInterface) context.Context {
 	dnsRegistry := include.DNSTransportRegistry()
 	if platformInterface != nil {
 		if localTransport := platformInterface.LocalDNSTransport(); localTransport != nil {
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func parseConfig(ctx context.Context, configContent string) (option.Options, err
 }
 
 func CheckConfig(configContent string) error {
-	ctx := BaseContext(nil)
+	ctx := baseContext(nil)
 	options, err := parseConfig(ctx, configContent)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
@@ -189,7 +189,7 @@ func (s *interfaceMonitorStub) MyInterface() string {
 }
 
 func FormatConfig(configContent string) (*StringBox, error) {
-	options, err := parseConfig(BaseContext(nil), configContent)
+	options, err := parseConfig(baseContext(nil), configContent)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}

experimental/libbox/ffi.json

@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+{
+  "version": 1,
+  "packages": [
+    {
+      "id": "libbox",
+      "path": ".",
+      "java_package": "io.nekohasekai.libbox",
+      "apple_prefix": "Libbox"
+    }
+  ],
+  "builds": [
+    {
+      "id": "android-main",
+      "packages": ["libbox"],
+      "default": {
+        "tags": [
+          "with_gvisor",
+          "with_quic",
+          "with_wireguard",
+          "with_utls",
+          "with_naive_outbound",
+          "with_clash_api",
+          "with_conntrack",
+          "badlinkname",
+          "tfogo_checklinkname0",
+          "with_tailscale",
+          "ts_omit_logtail",
+          "ts_omit_ssh",
+          "ts_omit_drive",
+          "ts_omit_taildrop",
+          "ts_omit_webclient",
+          "ts_omit_doctor",
+          "ts_omit_capture",
+          "ts_omit_kube",
+          "ts_omit_aws",
+          "ts_omit_synology",
+          "ts_omit_bird"
+        ],
+        "ldflags": "-X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$(CGO_ENABLED=0 go run github.com/sagernet/sing-box/cmd/internal/read_tag@latest) -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -s -w -buildid= -checklinkname=0",
+        "trimpath": true
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "android-legacy",
+      "packages": ["libbox"],
+      "default": {
+        "tags": [
+          "with_gvisor",
+          "with_quic",
+          "with_wireguard",
+          "with_utls",
+          "with_clash_api",
+          "with_conntrack",
+          "badlinkname",
+          "tfogo_checklinkname0",
+          "with_tailscale",
+          "ts_omit_logtail",
+          "ts_omit_ssh",
+          "ts_omit_drive",
+          "ts_omit_taildrop",
+          "ts_omit_webclient",
+          "ts_omit_doctor",
+          "ts_omit_capture",
+          "ts_omit_kube",
+          "ts_omit_aws",
+          "ts_omit_synology",
+          "ts_omit_bird"
+        ],
+        "ldflags": "-X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$(CGO_ENABLED=0 go run github.com/sagernet/sing-box/cmd/internal/read_tag@latest) -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -s -w -buildid= -checklinkname=0",
+        "trimpath": true
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "apple",
+      "packages": ["libbox"],
+      "default": {
+        "tags": [
+          "with_gvisor",
+          "with_quic",
+          "with_wireguard",
+          "with_utls",
+          "with_naive_outbound",
+          "with_clash_api",
+          "with_conntrack",
+          "badlinkname",
+          "tfogo_checklinkname0",
+          "with_dhcp",
+          "grpcnotrace",
+          "with_tailscale",
+          "ts_omit_logtail",
+          "ts_omit_ssh",
+          "ts_omit_drive",
+          "ts_omit_taildrop",
+          "ts_omit_webclient",
+          "ts_omit_doctor",
+          "ts_omit_capture",
+          "ts_omit_kube",
+          "ts_omit_aws",
+          "ts_omit_synology",
+          "ts_omit_bird"
+        ],
+        "ldflags": "-X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$(CGO_ENABLED=0 go run github.com/sagernet/sing-box/cmd/internal/read_tag@latest) -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -s -w -buildid= -checklinkname=0",
+        "trimpath": true
+      },
+      "overrides": [
+        {
+          "match": { "os": "ios" },
+          "tags_append": ["with_low_memory"]
+        },
+        {
+          "match": { "os": "tvos" },
+          "tags_append": ["with_low_memory"]
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+  "platforms": [
+    {
+      "type": "android",
+      "build": "android-main",
+      "min_sdk": 23,
+      "lib_name": "box",
+      "languages": [{ "type": "java" }],
+      "artifacts": [
+        {
+          "type": "aar",
+          "output_path": "libbox.aar"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "android",
+      "build": "android-legacy",
+      "min_sdk": 21,
+      "lib_name": "box",
+      "languages": [{ "type": "java" }],
+      "artifacts": [
+        {
+          "type": "aar",
+          "output_path": "libbox-legacy.aar"
+        }
+      ]
+    },
+    {
+      "type": "apple",
+      "build": "apple",
+      "targets": [
+        "ios/arm64",
+        "ios/simulator/arm64",
+        "ios/simulator/amd64",
+        "tvos/arm64",
+        "tvos/simulator/arm64",
+        "tvos/simulator/amd64",
+        "macos/arm64",
+        "macos/amd64"
+      ],
+      "languages": [{ "type": "objc" }],
+      "artifacts": [
+        {
+          "type": "xcframework",
+          "module_name": "Libbox",
+          "output_path": "Libbox.xcframework"
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ]
+}

experimental/libbox/profile_import.go

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"compress/gzip"
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
 
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
@@ -35,7 +36,7 @@ type ErrorMessage struct {
 func (e *ErrorMessage) Encode() []byte {
 	var buffer bytes.Buffer
 	buffer.WriteByte(MessageTypeError)
-	varbin.Write(&buffer, binary.BigEndian, e.Message)
+	writeString(&buffer, e.Message)
 	return buffer.Bytes()
 }
 
@@ -49,7 +50,7 @@ func DecodeErrorMessage(data []byte) (*ErrorMessage, error) {
 		return nil, E.New("invalid message")
 	}
 	var message ErrorMessage
-	message.Message, err = varbin.ReadValue[string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	message.Message, err = readString(reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -87,7 +88,7 @@ func (e *ProfileEncoder) Encode() []byte {
 	binary.Write(&buffer, binary.BigEndian, uint16(len(e.profiles)))
 	for _, preview := range e.profiles {
 		binary.Write(&buffer, binary.BigEndian, preview.ProfileID)
-		varbin.Write(&buffer, binary.BigEndian, preview.Name)
+		writeString(&buffer, preview.Name)
 		binary.Write(&buffer, binary.BigEndian, preview.Type)
 	}
 	return buffer.Bytes()
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ func (d *ProfileDecoder) Decode(data []byte) error {
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
-		profile.Name, err = varbin.ReadValue[string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+		profile.Name, err = readString(reader)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -178,11 +179,11 @@ func (c *ProfileContent) Encode() []byte {
 	buffer.WriteByte(1)
 	gWriter := gzip.NewWriter(buffer)
 	writer := bufio.NewWriter(gWriter)
-	varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, c.Name)
+	writeStringBuffered(writer, c.Name)
 	binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, c.Type)
-	varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, c.Config)
+	writeStringBuffered(writer, c.Config)
 	if c.Type != ProfileTypeLocal {
-		varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, c.RemotePath)
+		writeStringBuffered(writer, c.RemotePath)
 	}
 	if c.Type == ProfileTypeRemote {
 		binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, c.AutoUpdate)
@@ -214,7 +215,7 @@ func DecodeProfileContent(data []byte) (*ProfileContent, error) {
 	}
 	bReader := varbin.StubReader(gReader)
 	var content ProfileContent
-	content.Name, err = varbin.ReadValue[string](bReader, binary.BigEndian)
+	content.Name, err = readString(bReader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -222,12 +223,12 @@ func DecodeProfileContent(data []byte) (*ProfileContent, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	content.Config, err = varbin.ReadValue[string](bReader, binary.BigEndian)
+	content.Config, err = readString(bReader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	if content.Type != ProfileTypeLocal {
-		content.RemotePath, err = varbin.ReadValue[string](bReader, binary.BigEndian)
+		content.RemotePath, err = readString(bReader)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
@@ -250,3 +251,28 @@ func DecodeProfileContent(data []byte) (*ProfileContent, error) {
 	}
 	return &content, nil
 }
+
+func readString(reader io.ByteReader) (string, error) {
+	length, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	buf := make([]byte, length)
+	for i := range buf {
+		buf[i], err = reader.ReadByte()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+	return string(buf), nil
+}
+
+func writeString(buffer *bytes.Buffer, value string) {
+	varbin.WriteUvarint(buffer, uint64(len(value)))
+	buffer.WriteString(value)
+}
+
+func writeStringBuffered(writer *bufio.Writer, value string) {
+	varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	writer.WriteString(value)
+}

go.mod

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/gofrs/uuid/v5 v5.4.0
 	github.com/insomniacslk/dhcp v0.0.0-20251020182700-175e84fbb167
 	github.com/keybase/go-keychain v0.0.1
+	github.com/libdns/acmedns v0.5.0
 	github.com/libdns/alidns v1.0.6-beta.3
 	github.com/libdns/cloudflare v0.2.2
 	github.com/logrusorgru/aurora v2.0.3+incompatible
@@ -32,13 +33,13 @@ require (
 	github.com/sagernet/gomobile v0.1.11
 	github.com/sagernet/gvisor v0.0.0-20250811.0-sing-box-mod.1
 	github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.59.0-sing-box-mod.2
-	github.com/sagernet/sing v0.8.0-beta.11
+	github.com/sagernet/sing v0.8.0-beta.16
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.3.4
-	github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.6.0-beta.11
+	github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.6.0-beta.12
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks v0.2.8
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks2 v0.2.1
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowtls v0.2.1-0.20250503051639-fcd445d33c11
-	github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.8.0-beta.13
+	github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.8.0-beta.17
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-vmess v0.2.8-0.20250909125414-3aed155119a1
 	github.com/sagernet/smux v1.5.50-sing-box-mod.1
 	github.com/sagernet/tailscale v1.92.4-sing-box-1.13-mod.6

go.sum

@@ -102,6 +102,8 @@ github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0 h1:c/Cqfb0r+Yi+JtIEq73FWXVkRonBlf0CRNYc8Zt
 github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0/go.mod h1:2Pp+KzxcywXVXMr50+X0Q/Lsb43OQHYWRCY2AiWywWQ=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0 h1:S4CRMLnYUhGeDFDqkGriYKdfoFlDnMtqTiI/sFzhA9Y=
 github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0/go.mod h1:hqwkgyIinND0mEev00jJYCxPNVRVXFQeu1XKlok6oO0=
+github.com/libdns/acmedns v0.5.0 h1:5pRtmUj4Lb/QkNJSl1xgOGBUJTWW7RjpNaIhjpDXjPE=
+github.com/libdns/acmedns v0.5.0/go.mod h1:X7UAFP1Ep9NpTwWpVlrZzJLR7epynAy0wrIxSPFgKjQ=
 github.com/libdns/alidns v1.0.6-beta.3 h1:KAmb7FQ1tRzKsaAUGa7ZpGKAMRANwg7+1c7tUbSELq8=
 github.com/libdns/alidns v1.0.6-beta.3/go.mod h1:RECwyQ88e9VqQVtSrvX76o1ux3gQUKGzMgxICi+u7Ec=
 github.com/libdns/cloudflare v0.2.2 h1:XWHv+C1dDcApqazlh08Q6pjytYLgR2a+Y3xrXFu0vsI=
@@ -208,20 +210,20 @@ github.com/sagernet/nftables v0.3.0-beta.4 h1:kbULlAwAC3jvdGAC1P5Fa3GSxVwQJibNen
 github.com/sagernet/nftables v0.3.0-beta.4/go.mod h1:OQXAjvjNGGFxaTgVCSTRIhYB5/llyVDeapVoENYBDS8=
 github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.59.0-sing-box-mod.2 h1:hJUL+HtxEOjxsa0CsucbBVqI/AMS4k52NwNU637zmdw=
 github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.59.0-sing-box-mod.2/go.mod h1:OqILvS182CyOol5zNNo6bguvOGgXzV459+chpRaUC+4=
-github.com/sagernet/sing v0.8.0-beta.11 h1:nn/2Uod61b5rLHnXCuaFcbDxI1oRCodaxjzjt7Mobe4=
-github.com/sagernet/sing v0.8.0-beta.11/go.mod h1:ARkL0gM13/Iv5VCZmci/NuoOlePoIsW0m7BWfln/Hak=
+github.com/sagernet/sing v0.8.0-beta.16 h1:Fe+6E9VHYky9Mx4cf0ugbZPWDcXRflpAu7JQ5bWXvaA=
+github.com/sagernet/sing v0.8.0-beta.16/go.mod h1:ARkL0gM13/Iv5VCZmci/NuoOlePoIsW0m7BWfln/Hak=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.3.4 h1:ZQplKl8MNXutjzbMVtWvWG31fohhgOfCuUZR4dVQ8+s=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.3.4/go.mod h1:QvlKMyNBNrQoyX4x+gq028uPbLM2XeRpWtDsWBJbFSk=
-github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.6.0-beta.11 h1:eUusxITKKRedhWC2ScUYFUvD96h/QfbKLaS3N6/7in4=
-github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.6.0-beta.11/go.mod h1:K5bWvITOm4vE10fwLfrWpw27bCoVJ+tfQ79tOWg+Ko8=
+github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.6.0-beta.12 h1:njyU2NYGBITShAu31wJRmqAtx7hQBcXqBPowDv+W0sk=
+github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.6.0-beta.12/go.mod h1:K5bWvITOm4vE10fwLfrWpw27bCoVJ+tfQ79tOWg+Ko8=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks v0.2.8 h1:PURj5PRoAkqeHh2ZW205RWzN9E9RtKCVCzByXruQWfE=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks v0.2.8/go.mod h1:lo7TWEMDcN5/h5B8S0ew+r78ZODn6SwVaFhvB6H+PTI=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks2 v0.2.1 h1:dWV9OXCeFPuYGHb6IRqlSptVnSzOelnqqs2gQ2/Qioo=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks2 v0.2.1/go.mod h1:RnXS0lExcDAovvDeniJ4IKa2IuChrdipolPYWBv9hWQ=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowtls v0.2.1-0.20250503051639-fcd445d33c11 h1:tK+75l64tm9WvEFrYRE1t0YxoFdWQqw/h7Uhzj0vJ+w=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowtls v0.2.1-0.20250503051639-fcd445d33c11/go.mod h1:sWqKnGlMipCHaGsw1sTTlimyUpgzP4WP3pjhCsYt9oA=
-github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.8.0-beta.13 h1:vbI3uGthPIBU2lPOCbVK1YSLeV73ivV/olOUAvh1L2g=
-github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.8.0-beta.13/go.mod h1:+HAK/y9GZljdT0KYKMYDR8MjjqnqDDQZYp5ZZQoRzS8=
+github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.8.0-beta.17 h1:6DdbNXeTFYj8Tb4FCh8Mp2boA3rVY6VNqzTOObj7Xis=
+github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.8.0-beta.17/go.mod h1:+HAK/y9GZljdT0KYKMYDR8MjjqnqDDQZYp5ZZQoRzS8=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-vmess v0.2.8-0.20250909125414-3aed155119a1 h1:aSwUNYUkVyVvdmBSufR8/nRFonwJeKSIROxHcm5br9o=
 github.com/sagernet/sing-vmess v0.2.8-0.20250909125414-3aed155119a1/go.mod h1:P11scgTxMxVVQ8dlM27yNm3Cro40mD0+gHbnqrNGDuY=
 github.com/sagernet/smux v1.5.50-sing-box-mod.1 h1:XkJcivBC9V4wBjiGXIXZ229aZCU1hzcbp6kSkkyQ478=

option/tls_acme.go

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ type _ACMEDNS01ChallengeOptions struct {
 	Provider          string                     `json:"provider,omitempty"`
 	AliDNSOptions     ACMEDNS01AliDNSOptions     `json:"-"`
 	CloudflareOptions ACMEDNS01CloudflareOptions `json:"-"`
+	ACMEDNSOptions    ACMEDNS01ACMEDNSOptions    `json:"-"`
 }
 
 type ACMEDNS01ChallengeOptions _ACMEDNS01ChallengeOptions
@@ -42,6 +43,8 @@ func (o ACMEDNS01ChallengeOptions) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
 		v = o.AliDNSOptions
 	case C.DNSProviderCloudflare:
 		v = o.CloudflareOptions
+	case C.DNSProviderACMEDNS:
+		v = o.ACMEDNSOptions
 	case "":
 		return nil, E.New("missing provider type")
 	default:
@@ -61,6 +64,8 @@ func (o *ACMEDNS01ChallengeOptions) UnmarshalJSON(bytes []byte) error {
 		v = &o.AliDNSOptions
 	case C.DNSProviderCloudflare:
 		v = &o.CloudflareOptions
+	case C.DNSProviderACMEDNS:
+		v = &o.ACMEDNSOptions
 	default:
 		return E.New("unknown provider type: " + o.Provider)
 	}
@@ -82,3 +87,10 @@ type ACMEDNS01CloudflareOptions struct {
 	APIToken  string `json:"api_token,omitempty"`
 	ZoneToken string `json:"zone_token,omitempty"`
 }
+
+type ACMEDNS01ACMEDNSOptions struct {
+	Username  string `json:"username,omitempty"`
+	Password  string `json:"password,omitempty"`
+	Subdomain string `json:"subdomain,omitempty"`
+	ServerURL string `json:"server_url,omitempty"`
+}

option/tun.go

@@ -11,36 +11,37 @@ import (
 )
 
 type TunInboundOptions struct {
-	InterfaceName          string                           `json:"interface_name,omitempty"`
-	MTU                    uint32                           `json:"mtu,omitempty"`
-	Address                badoption.Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"address,omitempty"`
-	AutoRoute              bool                             `json:"auto_route,omitempty"`
-	IPRoute2TableIndex     int                              `json:"iproute2_table_index,omitempty"`
-	IPRoute2RuleIndex      int                              `json:"iproute2_rule_index,omitempty"`
-	AutoRedirect           bool                             `json:"auto_redirect,omitempty"`
-	AutoRedirectInputMark  FwMark                           `json:"auto_redirect_input_mark,omitempty"`
-	AutoRedirectOutputMark FwMark                           `json:"auto_redirect_output_mark,omitempty"`
-	AutoRedirectResetMark  FwMark                           `json:"auto_redirect_reset_mark,omitempty"`
-	AutoRedirectNFQueue    uint16                           `json:"auto_redirect_nfqueue,omitempty"`
-	ExcludeMPTCP           bool                             `json:"exclude_mptcp,omitempty"`
-	LoopbackAddress        badoption.Listable[netip.Addr]   `json:"loopback_address,omitempty"`
-	StrictRoute            bool                             `json:"strict_route,omitempty"`
-	RouteAddress           badoption.Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"route_address,omitempty"`
-	RouteAddressSet        badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"route_address_set,omitempty"`
-	RouteExcludeAddress    badoption.Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"route_exclude_address,omitempty"`
-	RouteExcludeAddressSet badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"route_exclude_address_set,omitempty"`
-	IncludeInterface       badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"include_interface,omitempty"`
-	ExcludeInterface       badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"exclude_interface,omitempty"`
-	IncludeUID             badoption.Listable[uint32]       `json:"include_uid,omitempty"`
-	IncludeUIDRange        badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"include_uid_range,omitempty"`
-	ExcludeUID             badoption.Listable[uint32]       `json:"exclude_uid,omitempty"`
-	ExcludeUIDRange        badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"exclude_uid_range,omitempty"`
-	IncludeAndroidUser     badoption.Listable[int]          `json:"include_android_user,omitempty"`
-	IncludePackage         badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"include_package,omitempty"`
-	ExcludePackage         badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"exclude_package,omitempty"`
-	UDPTimeout             UDPTimeoutCompat                 `json:"udp_timeout,omitempty"`
-	Stack                  string                           `json:"stack,omitempty"`
-	Platform               *TunPlatformOptions              `json:"platform,omitempty"`
+	InterfaceName                 string                           `json:"interface_name,omitempty"`
+	MTU                           uint32                           `json:"mtu,omitempty"`
+	Address                       badoption.Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"address,omitempty"`
+	AutoRoute                     bool                             `json:"auto_route,omitempty"`
+	IPRoute2TableIndex            int                              `json:"iproute2_table_index,omitempty"`
+	IPRoute2RuleIndex             int                              `json:"iproute2_rule_index,omitempty"`
+	AutoRedirect                  bool                             `json:"auto_redirect,omitempty"`
+	AutoRedirectInputMark         FwMark                           `json:"auto_redirect_input_mark,omitempty"`
+	AutoRedirectOutputMark        FwMark                           `json:"auto_redirect_output_mark,omitempty"`
+	AutoRedirectResetMark         FwMark                           `json:"auto_redirect_reset_mark,omitempty"`
+	AutoRedirectNFQueue           uint16                           `json:"auto_redirect_nfqueue,omitempty"`
+	AutoRedirectFallbackRuleIndex int                              `json:"auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index,omitempty"`
+	ExcludeMPTCP                  bool                             `json:"exclude_mptcp,omitempty"`
+	LoopbackAddress               badoption.Listable[netip.Addr]   `json:"loopback_address,omitempty"`
+	StrictRoute                   bool                             `json:"strict_route,omitempty"`
+	RouteAddress                  badoption.Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"route_address,omitempty"`
+	RouteAddressSet               badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"route_address_set,omitempty"`
+	RouteExcludeAddress           badoption.Listable[netip.Prefix] `json:"route_exclude_address,omitempty"`
+	RouteExcludeAddressSet        badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"route_exclude_address_set,omitempty"`
+	IncludeInterface              badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"include_interface,omitempty"`
+	ExcludeInterface              badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"exclude_interface,omitempty"`
+	IncludeUID                    badoption.Listable[uint32]       `json:"include_uid,omitempty"`
+	IncludeUIDRange               badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"include_uid_range,omitempty"`
+	ExcludeUID                    badoption.Listable[uint32]       `json:"exclude_uid,omitempty"`
+	ExcludeUIDRange               badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"exclude_uid_range,omitempty"`
+	IncludeAndroidUser            badoption.Listable[int]          `json:"include_android_user,omitempty"`
+	IncludePackage                badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"include_package,omitempty"`
+	ExcludePackage                badoption.Listable[string]       `json:"exclude_package,omitempty"`
+	UDPTimeout                    UDPTimeoutCompat                 `json:"udp_timeout,omitempty"`
+	Stack                         string                           `json:"stack,omitempty"`
+	Platform                      *TunPlatformOptions              `json:"platform,omitempty"`
 	InboundOptions
 
 	// Deprecated: removed

protocol/mixed/inbound.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	std_bufio "bufio"
 	"context"
 	"net"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/inbound"
@@ -36,14 +37,22 @@ type Inbound struct {
 	listener      *listener.Listener
 	authenticator *auth.Authenticator
 	tlsConfig     tls.ServerConfig
+	udpTimeout    time.Duration
 }
 
 func NewInbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.HTTPMixedInboundOptions) (adapter.Inbound, error) {
+	var udpTimeout time.Duration
+	if options.UDPTimeout != 0 {
+		udpTimeout = time.Duration(options.UDPTimeout)
+	} else {
+		udpTimeout = C.UDPTimeout
+	}
 	inbound := &Inbound{
 		Adapter:       inbound.NewAdapter(C.TypeMixed, tag),
 		router:        uot.NewRouter(router, logger),
 		logger:        logger,
 		authenticator: auth.NewAuthenticator(options.Users),
+		udpTimeout:    udpTimeout,
 	}
 	if options.TLS != nil {
 		tlsConfig, err := tls.NewServerWithOptions(tls.ServerOptions{
@@ -116,7 +125,7 @@ func (h *Inbound) newConnection(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata ada
 	}
 	switch headerBytes[0] {
 	case socks4.Version, socks5.Version:
-		return socks.HandleConnectionEx(ctx, conn, reader, h.authenticator, adapter.NewUpstreamHandlerEx(metadata, h.newUserConnection, h.streamUserPacketConnection), h.listener, metadata.Source, onClose)
+		return socks.HandleConnectionEx(ctx, conn, reader, h.authenticator, adapter.NewUpstreamHandlerEx(metadata, h.newUserConnection, h.streamUserPacketConnection), h.listener, h.udpTimeout, metadata.Source, onClose)
 	default:
 		return http.HandleConnectionEx(ctx, conn, reader, h.authenticator, adapter.NewUpstreamHandlerEx(metadata, h.newUserConnection, h.streamUserPacketConnection), metadata.Source, onClose)
 	}

protocol/naive/inbound_conn.go

@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ func (p *paddingConn) writeWithPadding(writer io.Writer, data []byte) (n int, er
 		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(header, uint16(len(data)))
 		header[2] = byte(paddingSize)
 		common.Must1(buffer.Write(data))
+		buffer.Extend(paddingSize)
 		_, err = writer.Write(buffer.Bytes())
 		if err == nil {
 			n = len(data)

protocol/socks/inbound.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	std_bufio "bufio"
 	"context"
 	"net"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/inbound"
@@ -31,14 +32,22 @@ type Inbound struct {
 	logger        logger.ContextLogger
 	listener      *listener.Listener
 	authenticator *auth.Authenticator
+	udpTimeout    time.Duration
 }
 
 func NewInbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.SocksInboundOptions) (adapter.Inbound, error) {
+	var udpTimeout time.Duration
+	if options.UDPTimeout != 0 {
+		udpTimeout = time.Duration(options.UDPTimeout)
+	} else {
+		udpTimeout = C.UDPTimeout
+	}
 	inbound := &Inbound{
 		Adapter:       inbound.NewAdapter(C.TypeSOCKS, tag),
 		router:        uot.NewRouter(router, logger),
 		logger:        logger,
 		authenticator: auth.NewAuthenticator(options.Users),
+		udpTimeout:    udpTimeout,
 	}
 	inbound.listener = listener.New(listener.Options{
 		Context:           ctx,
@@ -62,7 +71,7 @@ func (h *Inbound) Close() error {
 }
 
 func (h *Inbound) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, metadata adapter.InboundContext, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	err := socks.HandleConnectionEx(ctx, conn, std_bufio.NewReader(conn), h.authenticator, adapter.NewUpstreamHandlerEx(metadata, h.newUserConnection, h.streamUserPacketConnection), h.listener, metadata.Source, onClose)
+	err := socks.HandleConnectionEx(ctx, conn, std_bufio.NewReader(conn), h.authenticator, adapter.NewUpstreamHandlerEx(metadata, h.newUserConnection, h.streamUserPacketConnection), h.listener, h.udpTimeout, metadata.Source, onClose)
 	N.CloseOnHandshakeFailure(conn, onClose, err)
 	if err != nil {
 		if E.IsClosedOrCanceled(err) {

protocol/tor/proxy.go

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ func (l *ProxyListener) acceptLoop() {
 }
 
 func (l *ProxyListener) accept(ctx context.Context, conn *net.TCPConn) error {
-	return socks.HandleConnectionEx(ctx, conn, std_bufio.NewReader(conn), l.authenticator, l, nil, M.SocksaddrFromNet(conn.RemoteAddr()), nil)
+	return socks.HandleConnectionEx(ctx, conn, std_bufio.NewReader(conn), l.authenticator, l, nil, 0, M.SocksaddrFromNet(conn.RemoteAddr()), nil)
 }
 
 func (l *ProxyListener) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {

protocol/tun/inbound.go

@@ -174,6 +174,10 @@ func NewInbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLo
 	if ruleIndex == 0 {
 		ruleIndex = tun.DefaultIPRoute2RuleIndex
 	}
+	autoRedirectFallbackRuleIndex := options.AutoRedirectFallbackRuleIndex
+	if autoRedirectFallbackRuleIndex == 0 {
+		autoRedirectFallbackRuleIndex = tun.DefaultIPRoute2AutoRedirectFallbackRuleIndex
+	}
 	inputMark := uint32(options.AutoRedirectInputMark)
 	if inputMark == 0 {
 		inputMark = tun.DefaultAutoRedirectInputMark
@@ -200,35 +204,36 @@ func NewInbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextLo
 		logger:         logger,
 		inboundOptions: options.InboundOptions,
 		tunOptions: tun.Options{
-			Name:                     options.InterfaceName,
-			MTU:                      tunMTU,
-			GSO:                      enableGSO,
-			Inet4Address:             inet4Address,
-			Inet6Address:             inet6Address,
-			AutoRoute:                options.AutoRoute,
-			IPRoute2TableIndex:       tableIndex,
-			IPRoute2RuleIndex:        ruleIndex,
-			AutoRedirectInputMark:    inputMark,
-			AutoRedirectOutputMark:   outputMark,
-			AutoRedirectResetMark:    resetMark,
-			AutoRedirectNFQueue:      nfQueue,
-			ExcludeMPTCP:             options.ExcludeMPTCP,
-			Inet4LoopbackAddress:     common.Filter(options.LoopbackAddress, netip.Addr.Is4),
-			Inet6LoopbackAddress:     common.Filter(options.LoopbackAddress, netip.Addr.Is6),
-			StrictRoute:              options.StrictRoute,
-			IncludeInterface:         options.IncludeInterface,
-			ExcludeInterface:         options.ExcludeInterface,
-			Inet4RouteAddress:        inet4RouteAddress,
-			Inet6RouteAddress:        inet6RouteAddress,
-			Inet4RouteExcludeAddress: inet4RouteExcludeAddress,
-			Inet6RouteExcludeAddress: inet6RouteExcludeAddress,
-			IncludeUID:               includeUID,
-			ExcludeUID:               excludeUID,
-			IncludeAndroidUser:       options.IncludeAndroidUser,
-			IncludePackage:           options.IncludePackage,
-			ExcludePackage:           options.ExcludePackage,
-			InterfaceMonitor:         networkManager.InterfaceMonitor(),
-			EXP_MultiPendingPackets:  multiPendingPackets,
+			Name:                                  options.InterfaceName,
+			MTU:                                   tunMTU,
+			GSO:                                   enableGSO,
+			Inet4Address:                          inet4Address,
+			Inet6Address:                          inet6Address,
+			AutoRoute:                             options.AutoRoute,
+			IPRoute2TableIndex:                    tableIndex,
+			IPRoute2RuleIndex:                     ruleIndex,
+			IPRoute2AutoRedirectFallbackRuleIndex: autoRedirectFallbackRuleIndex,
+			AutoRedirectInputMark:                 inputMark,
+			AutoRedirectOutputMark:                outputMark,
+			AutoRedirectResetMark:                 resetMark,
+			AutoRedirectNFQueue:                   nfQueue,
+			ExcludeMPTCP:                          options.ExcludeMPTCP,
+			Inet4LoopbackAddress:                  common.Filter(options.LoopbackAddress, netip.Addr.Is4),
+			Inet6LoopbackAddress:                  common.Filter(options.LoopbackAddress, netip.Addr.Is6),
+			StrictRoute:                           options.StrictRoute,
+			IncludeInterface:                      options.IncludeInterface,
+			ExcludeInterface:                      options.ExcludeInterface,
+			Inet4RouteAddress:                     inet4RouteAddress,
+			Inet6RouteAddress:                     inet6RouteAddress,
+			Inet4RouteExcludeAddress:              inet4RouteExcludeAddress,
+			Inet6RouteExcludeAddress:              inet6RouteExcludeAddress,
+			IncludeUID:                            includeUID,
+			ExcludeUID:                            excludeUID,
+			IncludeAndroidUser:                    options.IncludeAndroidUser,
+			IncludePackage:                        options.IncludePackage,
+			ExcludePackage:                        options.ExcludePackage,
+			InterfaceMonitor:                      networkManager.InterfaceMonitor(),
+			EXP_MultiPendingPackets:               multiPendingPackets,
 		},
 		udpTimeout:        udpTimeout,
 		stack:             options.Stack,

protocol/vmess/outbound.go

@@ -57,7 +57,9 @@ func NewOutbound(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, logger log.ContextL
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
-		outbound.tlsDialer = tls.NewDialer(outboundDialer, outbound.tlsConfig)
+		if outbound.tlsConfig != nil {
+			outbound.tlsDialer = tls.NewDialer(outboundDialer, outbound.tlsConfig)
+		}
 	}
 	if options.Transport != nil {
 		outbound.transport, err = v2ray.NewClientTransport(ctx, outbound.dialer, outbound.serverAddr, common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Transport), outbound.tlsConfig)

route/conn.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package route
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"io"
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
@@ -102,8 +101,12 @@ func (m *ConnectionManager) NewConnection(ctx context.Context, this N.Dialer, co
 		m.connections.Remove(element)
 	})
 	var done atomic.Bool
-	m.preConnectionCopy(ctx, conn, remoteConn, false, &done, onClose)
-	m.preConnectionCopy(ctx, remoteConn, conn, true, &done, onClose)
+	if m.kickWriteHandshake(ctx, conn, remoteConn, false, &done, onClose) {
+		return
+	}
+	if m.kickWriteHandshake(ctx, remoteConn, conn, true, &done, onClose) {
+		return
+	}
 	go m.connectionCopy(ctx, conn, remoteConn, false, &done, onClose)
 	go m.connectionCopy(ctx, remoteConn, conn, true, &done, onClose)
 }
@@ -226,75 +229,8 @@ func (m *ConnectionManager) NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, this N.Dial
 	go m.packetConnectionCopy(ctx, destination, conn, true, &done, onClose)
 }
 
-func (m *ConnectionManager) preConnectionCopy(ctx context.Context, source net.Conn, destination net.Conn, direction bool, done *atomic.Bool, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	readHandshake := N.NeedHandshakeForRead(source)
-	writeHandshake := N.NeedHandshakeForWrite(destination)
-	if readHandshake || writeHandshake {
-		var err error
-		for {
-			err = m.connectionCopyEarlyWrite(source, destination, readHandshake, writeHandshake)
-			if err == nil && N.NeedHandshakeForRead(source) {
-				continue
-			} else if E.IsMulti(err, os.ErrInvalid, context.DeadlineExceeded, io.EOF) {
-				err = nil
-			}
-			break
-		}
-		if err != nil {
-			if done.Swap(true) {
-				onClose(err)
-			}
-			common.Close(source, destination)
-			if !direction {
-				m.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, "connection upload handshake: ", err)
-			} else {
-				m.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, "connection download handshake: ", err)
-			}
-			return
-		}
-	}
-}
-
 func (m *ConnectionManager) connectionCopy(ctx context.Context, source net.Conn, destination net.Conn, direction bool, done *atomic.Bool, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	var (
-		sourceReader      io.Reader = source
-		destinationWriter io.Writer = destination
-	)
-	var readCounters, writeCounters []N.CountFunc
-	for {
-		sourceReader, readCounters = N.UnwrapCountReader(sourceReader, readCounters)
-		destinationWriter, writeCounters = N.UnwrapCountWriter(destinationWriter, writeCounters)
-		if cachedSrc, isCached := sourceReader.(N.CachedReader); isCached {
-			cachedBuffer := cachedSrc.ReadCached()
-			if cachedBuffer != nil {
-				dataLen := cachedBuffer.Len()
-				_, err := destination.Write(cachedBuffer.Bytes())
-				cachedBuffer.Release()
-				if err != nil {
-					if done.Swap(true) {
-						onClose(err)
-					}
-					common.Close(source, destination)
-					if !direction {
-						m.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, "connection upload payload: ", err)
-					} else {
-						m.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, "connection download payload: ", err)
-					}
-					return
-				}
-				for _, counter := range readCounters {
-					counter(int64(dataLen))
-				}
-				for _, counter := range writeCounters {
-					counter(int64(dataLen))
-				}
-			}
-			continue
-		}
-		break
-	}
-
-	_, err := bufio.CopyWithCounters(destinationWriter, sourceReader, source, readCounters, writeCounters, bufio.DefaultIncreaseBufferAfter, bufio.DefaultBatchSize)
+	_, err := bufio.CopyWithIncreateBuffer(destination, source, bufio.DefaultIncreaseBufferAfter, bufio.DefaultBatchSize)
 	if err != nil {
 		common.Close(source, destination)
 	} else if duplexDst, isDuplex := destination.(N.WriteCloser); isDuplex {
@@ -328,45 +264,54 @@ func (m *ConnectionManager) connectionCopy(ctx context.Context, source net.Conn,
 	}
 }
 
-func (m *ConnectionManager) connectionCopyEarlyWrite(source net.Conn, destination io.Writer, readHandshake bool, writeHandshake bool) error {
-	payload := buf.NewPacket()
-	defer payload.Release()
-	err := source.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(C.ReadPayloadTimeout))
-	if err != nil {
-		if err == os.ErrInvalid {
-			if writeHandshake {
-				return common.Error(destination.Write(nil))
-			}
-		}
-		return err
+func (m *ConnectionManager) kickWriteHandshake(ctx context.Context, source net.Conn, destination net.Conn, direction bool, done *atomic.Bool, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) bool {
+	if !N.NeedHandshakeForWrite(destination) {
+		return false
 	}
 	var (
-		isTimeout bool
-		isEOF     bool
+		cachedBuffer *buf.Buffer
+		wrotePayload bool
 	)
-	_, err = payload.ReadOnceFrom(source)
-	if err != nil {
-		if E.IsTimeout(err) {
-			isTimeout = true
-		} else if errors.Is(err, io.EOF) {
-			isEOF = true
-		} else {
-			return E.Cause(err, "read payload")
+	sourceReader, readCounters := N.UnwrapCountReader(source, nil)
+	destinationWriter, writeCounters := N.UnwrapCountWriter(destination, nil)
+	if cachedReader, ok := sourceReader.(N.CachedReader); ok {
+		cachedBuffer = cachedReader.ReadCached()
+	}
+	var err error
+	if cachedBuffer != nil {
+		wrotePayload = true
+		dataLen := cachedBuffer.Len()
+		_, err = destinationWriter.Write(cachedBuffer.Bytes())
+		cachedBuffer.Release()
+		if err == nil {
+			for _, counter := range readCounters {
+				counter(int64(dataLen))
+			}
+			for _, counter := range writeCounters {
+				counter(int64(dataLen))
+			}
 		}
+	} else {
+		_ = destination.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(C.ReadPayloadTimeout))
+		_, err = destinationWriter.Write(nil)
+		_ = destination.SetWriteDeadline(time.Time{})
 	}
-	_ = source.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})
-	if !payload.IsEmpty() || writeHandshake {
-		_, err = destination.Write(payload.Bytes())
-		if err != nil {
-			return E.Cause(err, "write payload")
-		}
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
 	}
-	if isTimeout {
-		return context.DeadlineExceeded
-	} else if isEOF {
-		return io.EOF
+	if !wrotePayload && (E.IsMulti(err, os.ErrInvalid, context.DeadlineExceeded, io.EOF) || E.IsTimeout(err)) {
+		return false
 	}
-	return nil
+	if !done.Swap(true) {
+		onClose(err)
+	}
+	common.Close(source, destination)
+	if !direction {
+		m.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, "connection upload handshake: ", err)
+	} else {
+		m.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, "connection download handshake: ", err)
+	}
+	return true
 }
 
 func (m *ConnectionManager) packetConnectionCopy(ctx context.Context, source N.PacketReader, destination N.PacketWriter, direction bool, done *atomic.Bool, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {

test/go.mod

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/docker/docker v27.3.1+incompatible
 	github.com/docker/go-connections v0.5.0
 	github.com/gofrs/uuid/v5 v5.4.0
-	github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.58.0-sing-box-mod.1
-	github.com/sagernet/sing v0.8.0-beta.6.0.20251207063731-56fd482ce1c6
-	github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.6.0-beta.6
+	github.com/sagernet/quic-go v0.59.0-sing-box-mod.2
+	github.com/sagernet/sing v0.8.0-beta.16
+	github.com/sagernet/sing-quic v0.6.0-beta.11
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks v0.2.8
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowsocks2 v0.2.1
 	github.com/spyzhov/ajson v0.9.4
@@ -40,17 +40,17 @@ require (
 	github.com/database64128/tfo-go/v2 v2.3.1 // indirect
 	github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc // indirect
 	github.com/dblohm7/wingoes v0.0.0-20240119213807-a09d6be7affa // indirect
-	github.com/digitalocean/go-smbios v0.0.0-20180907143718-390a4f403a8e // indirect
 	github.com/distribution/reference v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/docker/go-units v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 // indirect
+	github.com/florianl/go-nfqueue/v2 v2.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.7.0 // indirect
 	github.com/gaissmai/bart v0.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-chi/chi/v5 v5.2.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-chi/render v1.0.3 // indirect
-	github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20250223041408-d3c622f1b874 // indirect
+	github.com/go-json-experiment/json v0.0.0-20250813024750-ebf49471dced // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/logr v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/go-logr/stdr v1.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/go-ole/go-ole v1.3.0 // indirect
@@ -65,21 +65,19 @@ require (
 	github.com/google/uuid v1.6.0 // indirect
 	github.com/hashicorp/yamux v0.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/hdevalence/ed25519consensus v0.2.0 // indirect
-	github.com/illarion/gonotify/v3 v3.0.2 // indirect
 	github.com/insomniacslk/dhcp v0.0.0-20251020182700-175e84fbb167 // indirect
 	github.com/jsimonetti/rtnetlink v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/keybase/go-keychain v0.0.1 // indirect
-	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.17.11 // indirect
+	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/libdns/acmedns v0.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/libdns/alidns v1.0.6-beta.3 // indirect
 	github.com/libdns/cloudflare v0.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/libdns/libdns v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/logrusorgru/aurora v2.0.3+incompatible // indirect
-	github.com/mdlayher/genetlink v1.3.2 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/netlink v1.7.3-0.20250113171957-fbb4dce95f42 // indirect
-	github.com/mdlayher/sdnotify v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mdlayher/socket v0.5.1 // indirect
-	github.com/metacubex/utls v1.8.3 // indirect
+	github.com/metacubex/utls v1.8.4 // indirect
 	github.com/mholt/acmez/v3 v3.1.4 // indirect
 	github.com/miekg/dns v1.1.69 // indirect
 	github.com/mitchellh/go-ps v1.0.0 // indirect
@@ -88,8 +86,9 @@ require (
 	github.com/morikuni/aec v1.0.0 // indirect
 	github.com/openai/openai-go/v3 v3.15.0 // indirect
 	github.com/opencontainers/go-digest v1.0.0 // indirect
-	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/opencontainers/image-spec v1.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pierrec/lz4/v4 v4.1.21 // indirect
+	github.com/pires/go-proxyproto v0.8.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
 	github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.1-0.20181226105442-5d4384ee4fb2 // indirect
 	github.com/prometheus-community/pro-bing v0.4.0 // indirect
@@ -97,40 +96,40 @@ require (
 	github.com/safchain/ethtool v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sagernet/bbolt v0.0.0-20231014093535-ea5cb2fe9f0a // indirect
 	github.com/sagernet/cors v1.2.1 // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go v0.0.0-20251220122645-b05b5c41614a // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/all v0.0.0-20251220122645-b05b5c41614a // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/android_386 v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/android_amd64 v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/android_arm v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/android_arm64 v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/darwin_amd64 v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/darwin_arm64 v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/ios_amd64_simulator v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/ios_arm64 v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/ios_arm64_simulator v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/linux_386 v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/linux_386_musl v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/linux_amd64 v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/linux_amd64_musl v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/linux_arm v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/linux_arm64 v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/linux_arm64_musl v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/linux_arm_musl v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/tvos_amd64_simulator v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/tvos_arm64 v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/tvos_arm64_simulator v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/windows_amd64 v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/windows_arm64 v0.0.0-20251220122226-25b6d00c5b7e // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go v0.0.0-20260117110918-dc1cda1fe287 // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/all v0.0.0-20260117110918-dc1cda1fe287 // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/android_386 v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/android_amd64 v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/android_arm v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/android_arm64 v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/darwin_amd64 v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/darwin_arm64 v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/ios_amd64_simulator v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/ios_arm64 v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/ios_arm64_simulator v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/linux_386 v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/linux_386_musl v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/linux_amd64 v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/linux_amd64_musl v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/linux_arm v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/linux_arm64 v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/linux_arm64_musl v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/linux_arm_musl v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/tvos_amd64_simulator v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/tvos_arm64 v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/tvos_arm64_simulator v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/windows_amd64 v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/lib/windows_arm64 v0.0.0-20260117110516-f21660bef13f // indirect
 	github.com/sagernet/fswatch v0.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/sagernet/gvisor v0.0.0-20250822052253-5558536cf237 // indirect
 	github.com/sagernet/netlink v0.0.0-20240612041022-b9a21c07ac6a // indirect
 	github.com/sagernet/nftables v0.3.0-beta.4 // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.3.3 // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/sing-mux v0.3.4 // indirect
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-shadowtls v0.2.1-0.20250503051639-fcd445d33c11 // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.8.0-beta.11.0.20251201004738-e9e3fbf0c15e // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/sing-tun v0.8.0-beta.17 // indirect
 	github.com/sagernet/sing-vmess v0.2.8-0.20250909125414-3aed155119a1 // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/smux v1.5.34-mod.2 // indirect
-	github.com/sagernet/tailscale v1.86.5-sing-box-1.13-mod.4 // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/smux v1.5.50-sing-box-mod.1 // indirect
+	github.com/sagernet/tailscale v1.92.4-sing-box-1.13-mod.6 // indirect
 	github.com/sagernet/wireguard-go v0.0.2-beta.1.0.20250917110311-16510ac47288 // indirect
 	github.com/sagernet/ws v0.0.0-20231204124109-acfe8907c854 // indirect
 	github.com/tailscale/certstore v0.1.1-0.20231202035212-d3fa0460f47e // indirect
@@ -140,7 +139,6 @@ require (
 	github.com/tailscale/netlink v1.1.1-0.20240822203006-4d49adab4de7 // indirect
 	github.com/tailscale/peercred v0.0.0-20250107143737-35a0c7bd7edc // indirect
 	github.com/tailscale/web-client-prebuilt v0.0.0-20250124233751-d4cd19a26976 // indirect
-	github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20250716170648-1d0488a3d7da // indirect
 	github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.18.0 // indirect
 	github.com/tidwall/match v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.2.1 // indirect
@@ -163,6 +161,7 @@ require (
 	golang.org/x/crypto v0.46.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20251219203646-944ab1f22d93 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/mod v0.31.0 // indirect
+	golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.32.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sync v0.19.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/term v0.38.0 // indirect

test/go.sum

@@ -37,13 +37,10 @@ github.com/database64128/netx-go v0.1.1/go.mod h1:LNlYVipaYkQArRFDNNJ02VkNV+My9A
 github.com/database64128/tfo-go/v2 v2.3.1 h1:EGE+ELd5/AQ0X6YBlQ9RgKs8+kciNhgN3d8lRvfEJQw=
 github.com/database64128/tfo-go/v2 v2.3.1/go.mod h1:k9wcpg/8i5zenspBkc9jUEYehpZZccBnCElzOJB++bU=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.0/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
-github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc h1:U9qPSI2PIWSS1VwoXQT9A3Wy9MM3WgvqSxFWenqJduM=
 github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.2-0.20180830191138-d8f796af33cc/go.mod h1:J7Y8YcW2NihsgmVo/mv3lAwl/skON4iLHjSsI+c5H38=
 github.com/dblohm7/wingoes v0.0.0-20240119213807-a09d6be7affa h1:h8TfIT1xc8FWbwwpmHn1J5i43Y0uZP97GqasGCzSRJk=
 github.com/dblohm7/wingoes v0.0.0-20240119213807-a09d6be7affa/go.mod h1:Nx87SkVqTKd8UtT+xu7sM/l+LgXs6c0aHrlKusR+2EQ=
-github.com/digitalocean/go-smbios v0.0.0-20180907143718-390a4f403a8e h1:vUmf0yezR0y7jJ5pceLHthLaYf4bA5T14B6q39S4q2Q=
-github.com/digitalocean/go-smbios v0.0.0-20180907143718-390a4f403a8e/go.mod h1:YTIHhz/QFSYnu/EhlF2SpU2Uk+32abacUYA5ZPljz1A=
 github.com/distribution/reference v0.5.0 h1:/FUIFXtfc/x2gpa5/VGfiGLuOIdYa1t65IKK2OFGvA0=
 github.com/distribution/reference v0.5.0/go.mod h1:BbU0aIcezP1/5jX/8MP0YiH4SdvB5Y4f/wlDRiLyi3E=
 github.com/docker/docker v27.3.1+incompatible h1:KttF0XoteNTicmUtBO0L2tP+J7FGRFTjaEF4k6WdhfI=
@@ -56,6 +53,8 @@ github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.9.1 h1:a/k2f2HQU3Pi399RPW1MOaZyhKJL9w/xFpKAg4q1s
 github.com/ebitengine/purego v0.9.1/go.mod h1:iIjxzd6CiRiOG0UyXP+V1+jWqUXVjPKLAI0mRfJZTmQ=
 github.com/felixge/httpsnoop v1.0.4 h1:NFTV2Zj1bL4mc9sqWACXbQFVBBg2W3GPvqp8/ESS2Wg=
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 github.com/sagernet/ws v0.0.0-20231204124109-acfe8907c854 h1:6uUiZcDRnZSAegryaUGwPC/Fj13JSHwiTftrXhMmYOc=
@@ -266,14 +264,7 @@ github.com/sirupsen/logrus v1.9.3/go.mod h1:naHLuLoDiP4jHNo9R0sCBMtWGeIprob74mVs
 github.com/spyzhov/ajson v0.9.4 h1:MVibcTCgO7DY4IlskdqIlCmDOsUOZ9P7oKj8ifdcf84=
 github.com/spyzhov/ajson v0.9.4/go.mod h1:a6oSw0MMb7Z5aD2tPoPO+jq11ETKgXUr2XktHdT8Wt8=
 github.com/stretchr/objx v0.1.0/go.mod h1:HFkY916IF+rwdDfMAkV7OtwuqBVzrE8GR6GFx+wExME=
-github.com/stretchr/objx v0.4.0/go.mod h1:YvHI0jy2hoMjB+UWwv71VJQ9isScKT/TqJzVSSt89Yw=
-github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.0/go.mod h1:Yh+to48EsGEfYuaHDzXPcE3xhTkx73EhmCGUpEOglKo=
-github.com/stretchr/objx v0.5.2/go.mod h1:FRsXN1f5AsAjCGJKqEizvkpNtU+EGNCLh3NxZ/8L+MA=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.0/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.7.1/go.mod h1:6Fq8oRcR53rry900zMqJjRRixrwX3KX962/h/Wwjteg=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.0/go.mod h1:yNjHg4UonilssWZ8iaSj1OCr/vHnekPRkoO+kdMU+MU=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.8.4/go.mod h1:sz/lmYIOXD/1dqDmKjjqLyZ2RngseejIcXlSw2iwfAo=
-github.com/stretchr/testify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:r2ic/lqez/lEtzL7wO/rwa5dbSLXVDPFyf8C91i36aY=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1 h1:7s2iGBzp5EwR7/aIZr8ao5+dra3wiQyKjjFuvgVKu7U=
 github.com/stretchr/testify v1.11.1/go.mod h1:wZwfW3scLgRK+23gO65QZefKpKQRnfz6sD981Nm4B6U=
 github.com/tailscale/certstore v0.1.1-0.20231202035212-d3fa0460f47e h1:PtWT87weP5LWHEY//SWsYkSO3RWRZo4OSWagh3YD2vQ=
@@ -290,8 +281,6 @@ github.com/tailscale/peercred v0.0.0-20250107143737-35a0c7bd7edc h1:24heQPtnFR+y
 github.com/tailscale/peercred v0.0.0-20250107143737-35a0c7bd7edc/go.mod h1:f93CXfllFsO9ZQVq+Zocb1Gp4G5Fz0b0rXHLOzt/Djc=
 github.com/tailscale/web-client-prebuilt v0.0.0-20250124233751-d4cd19a26976 h1:UBPHPtv8+nEAy2PD8RyAhOYvau1ek0HDJqLS/Pysi14=
 github.com/tailscale/web-client-prebuilt v0.0.0-20250124233751-d4cd19a26976/go.mod h1:agQPE6y6ldqCOui2gkIh7ZMztTkIQKH049tv8siLuNQ=
-github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20250716170648-1d0488a3d7da h1:jVRUZPRs9sqyKlYHHzHjAqKN+6e/Vog6NpHYeNPJqOw=
-github.com/tailscale/wireguard-go v0.0.0-20250716170648-1d0488a3d7da/go.mod h1:BOm5fXUBFM+m9woLNBoxI9TaBXXhGNP50LX/TGIvGb4=
 github.com/tc-hib/winres v0.2.1 h1:YDE0FiP0VmtRaDn7+aaChp1KiF4owBiJa5l964l5ujA=
 github.com/tc-hib/winres v0.2.1/go.mod h1:C/JaNhH3KBvhNKVbvdlDWkbMDO9H4fKKDaN7/07SSuk=
 github.com/tidwall/gjson v1.14.2/go.mod h1:/wbyibRr2FHMks5tjHJ5F8dMZh3AcwJEMf5vlfC0lxk=
@@ -373,6 +362,8 @@ golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210226172049-e18ecbb05110/go.mod h1:m0MpNAwzfU5UDzcl9v
 golang.org/x/net v0.0.0-20210525063256-abc453219eb5/go.mod h1:9nx3DQGgdP8bBQD5qxJ1jj9UTztislL4KSBs9R2vV5Y=
 golang.org/x/net v0.48.0 h1:zyQRTTrjc33Lhh0fBgT/H3oZq9WuvRR5gPC70xpDiQU=
 golang.org/x/net v0.48.0/go.mod h1:+ndRgGjkh8FGtu1w1FGbEC31if4VrNVMuKTgcAAnQRY=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.32.0 h1:jsCblLleRMDrxMN29H3z/k1KliIvpLgCkE6R8FXXNgY=
+golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.32.0/go.mod h1:lzm5WQJQwKZ3nwavOZ3IS5Aulzxi68dUSgRHujetwEA=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190423024810-112230192c58/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20190911185100-cd5d95a43a6e/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20201020160332-67f06af15bc9/go.mod h1:RxMgew5VJxzue5/jJTE5uejpjVlOe/izrB70Jof72aM=
@@ -388,7 +379,6 @@ golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20201119102817-f84b799fce68/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7w
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210423082822-04245dca01da/go.mod h1:h1NjWce9XRLGQEsW7wpKNCjG9DtNlClVuFLEZdDNbEs=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.1.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
-golang.org/x/sys v0.21.0/go.mod h1:/VUhepiaJMQUp4+oa/7Zr1D23ma6VTLIYjOOTFZPUcA=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0 h1:CvCKL8MeisomCi6qNZ+wbb0DN9E5AATixKsvNtMoMFk=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.39.0/go.mod h1:OgkHotnGiDImocRcuBABYBEXf8A9a87e/uXjp9XT3ks=
 golang.org/x/term v0.0.0-20201126162022-7de9c90e9dd1/go.mod h1:bj7SfCRtBDWHUb9snDiAeCFNEtKQo2Wmx5Cou7ajbmo=
@@ -433,8 +423,6 @@ gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1 h1:fxVm/GzAzEWqLHuvctI91KS9hhNmmWOoWu0XTYJS7CA=
 gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1/go.mod h1:K4uyk7z7BCEPqu6E+C64Yfv1cQ7kz7rIZviUmN+EgEM=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.1 h1:EENdUnS3pdur5nybKYIh2Vfgc8IUNBjxDPSjtiJcOzU=
 gotest.tools/v3 v3.5.1/go.mod h1:isy3WKz7GK6uNw/sbHzfKBLvlvXwUyV06n6brMxxopU=
-gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20250205023644-9414b50a5633 h1:2gap+Kh/3F47cO6hAu3idFvsJ0ue6TRcEi2IUkv/F8k=
-gvisor.dev/gvisor v0.0.0-20250205023644-9414b50a5633/go.mod h1:5DMfjtclAbTIjbXqO1qCe2K5GKKxWz2JHvCChuTcJEM=
 lukechampine.com/blake3 v1.3.0 h1:sJ3XhFINmHSrYCgl958hscfIa3bw8x4DqMP3u1YvoYE=
 lukechampine.com/blake3 v1.3.0/go.mod h1:0OFRp7fBtAylGVCO40o87sbupkyIGgbpv1+M1k1LM6k=
 software.sslmate.com/src/go-pkcs12 v0.4.0 h1:H2g08FrTvSFKUj+D309j1DPfk5APnIdAQAB8aEykJ5k=

test/socks_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badoption"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/protocol/socks"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestSOCKSUDPTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	const testTimeout = 2 * time.Second
+	udpTimeout := option.UDPTimeoutCompat(testTimeout)
+
+	startInstance(t, option.Options{
+		Inbounds: []option.Inbound{
+			{
+				Type: C.TypeSOCKS,
+				Tag:  "socks-in",
+				Options: &option.SocksInboundOptions{
+					ListenOptions: option.ListenOptions{
+						Listen:     common.Ptr(badoption.Addr(netip.IPv4Unspecified())),
+						ListenPort: clientPort,
+						UDPTimeout: udpTimeout,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Outbounds: []option.Outbound{
+			{
+				Type: C.TypeDirect,
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	testUDPSessionIdleTimeout(t, clientPort, testPort, testTimeout)
+}
+
+func TestMixedUDPTimeout(t *testing.T) {
+	const testTimeout = 2 * time.Second
+	udpTimeout := option.UDPTimeoutCompat(testTimeout)
+
+	startInstance(t, option.Options{
+		Inbounds: []option.Inbound{
+			{
+				Type: C.TypeMixed,
+				Tag:  "mixed-in",
+				Options: &option.HTTPMixedInboundOptions{
+					ListenOptions: option.ListenOptions{
+						Listen:     common.Ptr(badoption.Addr(netip.IPv4Unspecified())),
+						ListenPort: clientPort,
+						UDPTimeout: udpTimeout,
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		Outbounds: []option.Outbound{
+			{
+				Type: C.TypeDirect,
+			},
+		},
+	})
+
+	testUDPSessionIdleTimeout(t, clientPort, testPort, testTimeout)
+}
+
+func testUDPSessionIdleTimeout(t *testing.T, proxyPort uint16, echoPort uint16, expectedTimeout time.Duration) {
+	echoServer, err := listenPacket("udp", ":"+F.ToString(echoPort))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer echoServer.Close()
+
+	go func() {
+		buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
+		for {
+			n, address, err := echoServer.ReadFrom(buffer)
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			_, _ = echoServer.WriteTo(buffer[:n], address)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	dialer := socks.NewClient(N.SystemDialer, M.ParseSocksaddrHostPort("127.0.0.1", proxyPort), socks.Version5, "", "")
+
+	packetConn, err := dialer.ListenPacket(context.Background(), M.ParseSocksaddrHostPort("127.0.0.1", echoPort))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer packetConn.Close()
+
+	remoteAddress := &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.ParseIP("127.0.0.1"), Port: int(echoPort)}
+
+	_, err = packetConn.WriteTo([]byte("hello"), remoteAddress)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	buffer := make([]byte, 1024)
+	packetConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(5 * time.Second))
+	n, _, err := packetConn.ReadFrom(buffer)
+	require.NoError(t, err, "failed to receive echo response")
+	require.Equal(t, "hello", string(buffer[:n]))
+	t.Log("UDP echo successful, session established")
+
+	packetConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})
+
+	waitTime := expectedTimeout + time.Second
+	t.Logf("Waiting %v for UDP session to timeout...", waitTime)
+	time.Sleep(waitTime)
+
+	_, err = packetConn.WriteTo([]byte("after-timeout"), remoteAddress)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Logf("Write after timeout correctly failed: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	packetConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second))
+	n, _, err = packetConn.ReadFrom(buffer)
+
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Logf("Read after timeout correctly failed: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	t.Fatalf("UDP session should have timed out after %v, but received response: %s",
+		expectedTimeout, string(buffer[:n]))
+}