Bump version

2026-04-14 20:58:33 +10:00 · 2026-02-27 19:55:32 +08:00
457 changed files with 12020 additions and 40978 deletions
--- a/.fpm_systemd
+++ b/.fpm_systemd
@@ -4,7 +4,6 @@
 --license GPL-3.0-or-later
 --description "The universal proxy platform."
 --url "https://sing-box.sagernet.org/"
--vendor SagerNet
 --maintainer "nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>"
 --deb-field "Bug: https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/issues"
 --no-deb-generate-changes
--- a/.github/CRONET_GO_VERSION
+++ b/.github/CRONET_GO_VERSION
@@ -1 +1 @@
-335e5bef5d88fc4474c9a70b865561f45a67de83
+17c7ef18afa63b205e835c6270277b29382eb8e3
--- a/.github/build_alpine_apk.sh
+++ b/.github/build_alpine_apk.sh
@@ -1,81 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-set -e -o pipefail
-
-ARCHITECTURE="$1"
-VERSION="$2"
-BINARY_PATH="$3"
-OUTPUT_PATH="$4"
-
-if [ -z "$ARCHITECTURE" ] || [ -z "$VERSION" ] || [ -z "$BINARY_PATH" ] || [ -z "$OUTPUT_PATH" ]; then
-  echo "Usage: $0 <architecture> <version> <binary_path> <output_path>"
-  exit 1
-fi
-
-PROJECT=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."; pwd)
-
-# Convert version to APK format:
-#   1.13.0-beta.8  -> 1.13.0_beta8-r0
-#   1.13.0-rc.3    -> 1.13.0_rc3-r0
-#   1.13.0         -> 1.13.0-r0
-APK_VERSION=$(echo "$VERSION" | sed -E 's/-([a-z]+)\.([0-9]+)/_\1\2/')
-APK_VERSION="${APK_VERSION}-r0"
-
-ROOT_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
-trap 'rm -rf "$ROOT_DIR"' EXIT
-
-# Binary
-install -Dm755 "$BINARY_PATH" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/bin/sing-box"
-
-# Config files
-install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/config/config.json" "$ROOT_DIR/etc/sing-box/config.json"
-install -Dm755 "$PROJECT/release/config/sing-box.initd" "$ROOT_DIR/etc/init.d/sing-box"
-install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/config/sing-box.confd" "$ROOT_DIR/etc/conf.d/sing-box"
-
-# Service files
-install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/config/sing-box.service" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/lib/systemd/system/sing-box.service"
-install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/config/sing-box@.service" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/lib/systemd/system/sing-box@.service"
-
-# Completions
-install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/completions/sing-box.bash" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/sing-box.bash"
-install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/completions/sing-box.fish" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/sing-box.fish"
-install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/completions/sing-box.zsh" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_sing-box"
-
-# License
-install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/LICENSE" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/share/licenses/sing-box/LICENSE"
-
-# APK metadata
-PACKAGES_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/lib/apk/packages"
-mkdir -p "$PACKAGES_DIR"
-
-# .conffiles
-cat > "$PACKAGES_DIR/.conffiles" <<'EOF'
-/etc/conf.d/sing-box
-/etc/init.d/sing-box
-/etc/sing-box/config.json
-EOF
-
-# .conffiles_static (sha256 checksums)
-while IFS= read -r conffile; do
-  sha256=$(sha256sum "$ROOT_DIR$conffile" | cut -d' ' -f1)
-  echo "$conffile $sha256"
-done < "$PACKAGES_DIR/.conffiles" > "$PACKAGES_DIR/.conffiles_static"
-
-# .list (all files, excluding lib/apk/packages/ metadata)
-(cd "$ROOT_DIR" && find . -type f -o -type l) \
-  | sed 's|^\./|/|' \
-  | grep -v '^/lib/apk/packages/' \
-  | sort > "$PACKAGES_DIR/.list"
-
-# Build APK
-apk mkpkg \
-  --info "name:sing-box" \
-  --info "version:${APK_VERSION}" \
-  --info "description:The universal proxy platform." \
-  --info "arch:${ARCHITECTURE}" \
-  --info "license:GPL-3.0-or-later with name use or association addition" \
-  --info "origin:sing-box" \
-  --info "url:https://sing-box.sagernet.org/" \
-  --info "maintainer:nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>" \
-  --files "$ROOT_DIR" \
-  --output "$OUTPUT_PATH"
--- a/.github/build_openwrt_apk.sh
+++ b/.github/build_openwrt_apk.sh
@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-set -e -o pipefail
-
-ARCHITECTURE="$1"
-VERSION="$2"
-BINARY_PATH="$3"
-OUTPUT_PATH="$4"
-
-if [ -z "$ARCHITECTURE" ] || [ -z "$VERSION" ] || [ -z "$BINARY_PATH" ] || [ -z "$OUTPUT_PATH" ]; then
-  echo "Usage: $0 <architecture> <version> <binary_path> <output_path>"
-  exit 1
-fi
-
-PROJECT=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."; pwd)
-
-# Convert version to APK format:
-#   1.13.0-beta.8  -> 1.13.0_beta8-r0
-#   1.13.0-rc.3    -> 1.13.0_rc3-r0
-#   1.13.0         -> 1.13.0-r0
-APK_VERSION=$(echo "$VERSION" | sed -E 's/-([a-z]+)\.([0-9]+)/_\1\2/')
-APK_VERSION="${APK_VERSION}-r0"
-
-ROOT_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
-trap 'rm -rf "$ROOT_DIR"' EXIT
-
-# Binary
-install -Dm755 "$BINARY_PATH" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/bin/sing-box"
-
-# Config files
-install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/config/config.json" "$ROOT_DIR/etc/sing-box/config.json"
-install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/config/openwrt.conf" "$ROOT_DIR/etc/config/sing-box"
-install -Dm755 "$PROJECT/release/config/openwrt.init" "$ROOT_DIR/etc/init.d/sing-box"
-install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/config/openwrt.keep" "$ROOT_DIR/lib/upgrade/keep.d/sing-box"
-
-# Completions
-install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/completions/sing-box.bash" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/sing-box.bash"
-install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/completions/sing-box.fish" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/sing-box.fish"
-install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/completions/sing-box.zsh" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_sing-box"
-
-# License
-install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/LICENSE" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/share/licenses/sing-box/LICENSE"
-
-# APK metadata
-PACKAGES_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/lib/apk/packages"
-mkdir -p "$PACKAGES_DIR"
-
-# .conffiles
-cat > "$PACKAGES_DIR/.conffiles" <<'EOF'
-/etc/config/sing-box
-/etc/sing-box/config.json
-EOF
-
-# .conffiles_static (sha256 checksums)
-while IFS= read -r conffile; do
-  sha256=$(sha256sum "$ROOT_DIR$conffile" | cut -d' ' -f1)
-  echo "$conffile $sha256"
-done < "$PACKAGES_DIR/.conffiles" > "$PACKAGES_DIR/.conffiles_static"
-
-# .list (all files, excluding lib/apk/packages/ metadata)
-(cd "$ROOT_DIR" && find . -type f -o -type l) \
-  | sed 's|^\./|/|' \
-  | grep -v '^/lib/apk/packages/' \
-  | sort > "$PACKAGES_DIR/.list"
-
-# Build APK
-apk mkpkg \
-  --info "name:sing-box" \
-  --info "version:${APK_VERSION}" \
-  --info "description:The universal proxy platform." \
-  --info "arch:${ARCHITECTURE}" \
-  --info "license:GPL-3.0-or-later" \
-  --info "origin:sing-box" \
-  --info "url:https://sing-box.sagernet.org/" \
-  --info "maintainer:nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>" \
-  --info "depends:ca-bundle kmod-inet-diag kmod-tun firewall4 kmod-nft-queue" \
-  --info "provider-priority:100" \
-  --script "pre-deinstall:${PROJECT}/release/config/openwrt.prerm" \
-  --files "$ROOT_DIR" \
-  --output "$OUTPUT_PATH"
--- a/.github/detect_track.sh
+++ b/.github/detect_track.sh
@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-set -euo pipefail
-
-branches=$(git branch -r --contains HEAD)
-if echo "$branches" | grep -q 'origin/stable'; then
-  track=stable
-elif echo "$branches" | grep -q 'origin/testing'; then
-  track=testing
-elif echo "$branches" | grep -q 'origin/oldstable'; then
-  track=oldstable
-else
-  echo "ERROR: HEAD is not on any known release branch (stable/testing/oldstable)" >&2
-  exit 1
-fi
-
-if [[ "$track" == "stable" ]]; then
-  tag=$(git describe --tags --exact-match HEAD 2>/dev/null || true)
-  if [[ -n "$tag" && "$tag" == *"-"* ]]; then
-    track=beta
-  fi
-fi
-
-case "$track" in
-  stable)    name=sing-box;           docker_tag=latest ;;
-  beta)      name=sing-box-beta;      docker_tag=latest-beta ;;
-  testing)   name=sing-box-testing;   docker_tag=latest-testing ;;
-  oldstable) name=sing-box-oldstable; docker_tag=latest-oldstable ;;
-esac
-
-echo "track=${track} name=${name} docker_tag=${docker_tag}" >&2
-echo "TRACK=${track}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-echo "NAME=${name}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-echo "DOCKER_TAG=${docker_tag}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
--- a/.github/renovate.json
+++ b/.github/renovate.json
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
    ":disableRateLimiting"
  ],
  "baseBranches": [
-    "unstable"
+    "dev-next"
  ],
  "golang": {
    "enabled": false
--- a/.github/setup_go_for_macos1013.sh
+++ b/.github/setup_go_for_macos1013.sh
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-
-set -euo pipefail
-
-VERSION="1.25.8"
-PATCH_COMMITS=(
-  "afe69d3cec1c6dcf0f1797b20546795730850070"
-  "1ed289b0cf87dc5aae9c6fe1aa5f200a83412938"
-)
-CURL_ARGS=(
-  -fL
-  --silent
-  --show-error
-)
-
-if [[ -n "${GITHUB_TOKEN:-}" ]]; then
-  CURL_ARGS+=(-H "Authorization: Bearer ${GITHUB_TOKEN}")
-fi
-
-mkdir -p "$HOME/go"
-cd "$HOME/go"
-wget "https://dl.google.com/go/go${VERSION}.darwin-arm64.tar.gz"
-tar -xzf "go${VERSION}.darwin-arm64.tar.gz"
-#cp -a go go_bootstrap
-mv go go_osx
-cd go_osx
-
-# these patch URLs only work on golang1.25.x
-# that means after golang1.26 release it must be changed
-# see: https://github.com/SagerNet/go/commits/release-branch.go1.25/
-# revert:
-# 33d3f603c1: "cmd/link/internal/ld: use 12.0.0 OS/SDK versions for macOS linking"
-# 937368f84e: "crypto/x509: change how we retrieve chains on darwin"
-
-for patch_commit in "${PATCH_COMMITS[@]}"; do
-  curl "${CURL_ARGS[@]}" "https://github.com/SagerNet/go/commit/${patch_commit}.diff" | patch --verbose -p 1
-done
-
-# Rebuild is not needed: we build with CGO_ENABLED=1, so Apple's external
-# linker handles LC_BUILD_VERSION via MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET, and the
-# stdlib (crypto/x509) is compiled from patched src automatically.
-#cd src
-#GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP="$HOME/go/go_bootstrap" ./make.bash
-#cd ../..
-#rm -rf go_bootstrap "go${VERSION}.darwin-arm64.tar.gz"
--- a/.github/setup_go_for_windows7.sh
+++ b/.github/setup_go_for_windows7.sh
@@ -1,35 +1,16 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash

-set -euo pipefail
+VERSION="1.25.7"

-VERSION="1.25.8"
-PATCH_COMMITS=(
-  "466f6c7a29bc098b0d4c987b803c779222894a11"
-  "1bdabae205052afe1dadb2ad6f1ba612cdbc532a"
-  "a90777dcf692dd2168577853ba743b4338721b06"
-  "f6bddda4e8ff58a957462a1a09562924d5f3d05c"
-  "bed309eff415bcb3c77dd4bc3277b682b89a388d"
-  "34b899c2fb39b092db4fa67c4417e41dc046be4b"
-)
-CURL_ARGS=(
-  -fL
-  --silent
-  --show-error
-)
-
-if [[ -n "${GITHUB_TOKEN:-}" ]]; then
-  CURL_ARGS+=(-H "Authorization: Bearer ${GITHUB_TOKEN}")
-fi
-
-mkdir -p "$HOME/go"
-cd "$HOME/go"
+mkdir -p $HOME/go
+cd $HOME/go
 wget "https://dl.google.com/go/go${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
 tar -xzf "go${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
 mv go go_win7
 cd go_win7

 # modify from https://github.com/restic/restic/issues/4636#issuecomment-1896455557
-# these patch URLs only work on golang1.25.x
+# this patch file only works on golang1.25.x
 # that means after golang1.26 release it must be changed
 # see: https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commits/release-branch.go1.25/
 # revert:
@@ -37,10 +18,10 @@ cd go_win7
 # 7c1157f9544922e96945196b47b95664b1e39108: "net: remove sysSocket fallback for Windows 7"
 # 48042aa09c2f878c4faa576948b07fe625c4707a: "syscall: remove Windows 7 console handle workaround"
 # a17d959debdb04cd550016a3501dd09d50cd62e7: "runtime: always use LoadLibraryEx to load system libraries"
-# fixes:
-# bed309eff415bcb3c77dd4bc3277b682b89a388d: "Fix os.RemoveAll not working on Windows7"
-# 34b899c2fb39b092db4fa67c4417e41dc046be4b: "Revert \"os: remove 5ms sleep on Windows in (*Process).Wait\""

-for patch_commit in "${PATCH_COMMITS[@]}"; do
-  curl "${CURL_ARGS[@]}" "https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/${patch_commit}.diff" | patch --verbose -p 1
-done
+alias curl='curl -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"'
+
+curl https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/8cb5472d94c34b88733a81091bd328e70ee565a4.diff | patch --verbose -p 1
+curl https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/6788c4c6f9fafb56729bad6b660f7ee2272d699f.diff | patch --verbose -p 1
+curl https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/a5b2168bb836ed9d6601c626f95e56c07923f906.diff | patch --verbose -p 1
+curl https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/f56f1e23507e646c85243a71bde7b9629b2f970c.diff | patch --verbose -p 1
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -25,9 +25,8 @@ on:
          - publish-android
  push:
    branches:
-      - stable
-      - testing
-      - unstable
+      - main-next
+      - dev-next

 concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.event_name }}-${{ inputs.build }}
@@ -47,7 +46,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ~1.25.8
+          go-version: ~1.25.7
      - name: Check input version
        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
        run: |-
@@ -72,27 +71,27 @@ jobs:
        include:
          - { os: linux, arch: amd64, variant: purego, naive: true }
          - { os: linux, arch: amd64, variant: glibc, naive: true }
-          - { os: linux, arch: amd64, variant: musl, naive: true, debian: amd64, rpm: x86_64, pacman: x86_64, alpine: x86_64, openwrt: "x86_64" }
+          - { os: linux, arch: amd64, variant: musl, naive: true, debian: amd64, rpm: x86_64, pacman: x86_64, openwrt: "x86_64" }

          - { os: linux, arch: arm64, variant: purego, naive: true }
          - { os: linux, arch: arm64, variant: glibc, naive: true }
-          - { os: linux, arch: arm64, variant: musl, naive: true, debian: arm64, rpm: aarch64, pacman: aarch64, alpine: aarch64, openwrt: "aarch64_cortex-a53 aarch64_cortex-a72 aarch64_cortex-a76 aarch64_generic" }
+          - { os: linux, arch: arm64, variant: musl, naive: true, debian: arm64, rpm: aarch64, pacman: aarch64, openwrt: "aarch64_cortex-a53 aarch64_cortex-a72 aarch64_cortex-a76 aarch64_generic" }

          - { os: linux, arch: "386", go386: sse2 }
          - { os: linux, arch: "386", variant: glibc, naive: true, go386: sse2 }
-          - { os: linux, arch: "386", variant: musl, naive: true, go386: sse2, debian: i386, rpm: i386, alpine: x86, openwrt: "i386_pentium4" }
+          - { os: linux, arch: "386", variant: musl, naive: true, go386: sse2, debian: i386, rpm: i386, openwrt: "i386_pentium4" }

          - { os: linux, arch: arm, goarm: "7" }
          - { os: linux, arch: arm, variant: glibc, naive: true, goarm: "7" }
-          - { os: linux, arch: arm, variant: musl, naive: true, goarm: "7", debian: armhf, rpm: armv7hl, pacman: armv7hl, alpine: armv7, openwrt: "arm_cortex-a5_vfpv4 arm_cortex-a7_neon-vfpv4 arm_cortex-a7_vfpv4 arm_cortex-a8_vfpv3 arm_cortex-a9_neon arm_cortex-a9_vfpv3-d16 arm_cortex-a15_neon-vfpv4" }
+          - { os: linux, arch: arm, variant: musl, naive: true, goarm: "7", debian: armhf, rpm: armv7hl, pacman: armv7hl, openwrt: "arm_cortex-a5_vfpv4 arm_cortex-a7_neon-vfpv4 arm_cortex-a7_vfpv4 arm_cortex-a8_vfpv3 arm_cortex-a9_neon arm_cortex-a9_vfpv3-d16 arm_cortex-a15_neon-vfpv4" }

          - { os: linux, arch: mipsle, gomips: hardfloat, naive: true, variant: glibc }
          - { os: linux, arch: mipsle, gomips: softfloat, naive: true, variant: musl, debian: mipsel, rpm: mipsel, openwrt: "mipsel_24kc mipsel_74kc mipsel_mips32" }
          - { os: linux, arch: mips64le, gomips: hardfloat, naive: true, variant: glibc, debian: mips64el, rpm: mips64el }
          - { os: linux, arch: riscv64, naive: true, variant: glibc }
-          - { os: linux, arch: riscv64, naive: true, variant: musl, debian: riscv64, rpm: riscv64, alpine: riscv64, openwrt: "riscv64_generic" }
+          - { os: linux, arch: riscv64, naive: true, variant: musl, debian: riscv64, rpm: riscv64, openwrt: "riscv64_generic" }
          - { os: linux, arch: loong64, naive: true, variant: glibc }
-          - { os: linux, arch: loong64, naive: true, variant: musl, debian: loongarch64, rpm: loongarch64, alpine: loongarch64, openwrt: "loongarch64_generic" }
+          - { os: linux, arch: loong64, naive: true, variant: musl, debian: loongarch64, rpm: loongarch64, openwrt: "loongarch64_generic" }

          - { os: linux, arch: "386", go386: softfloat, openwrt: "i386_pentium-mmx" }
          - { os: linux, arch: arm, goarm: "5", openwrt: "arm_arm926ej-s arm_cortex-a7 arm_cortex-a9 arm_fa526 arm_xscale" }
@@ -121,10 +120,15 @@ jobs:
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Setup Go
-        if: ${{ ! matrix.legacy_win7 }}
+        if: ${{ ! (matrix.legacy_win7 || matrix.legacy_go124) }}
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ~1.25.8
+          go-version: ~1.25.7
+      - name: Setup Go 1.24
+        if: matrix.legacy_go124
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+        with:
+          go-version: ~1.24.10
      - name: Cache Go for Windows 7
        if: matrix.legacy_win7
        id: cache-go-for-windows7
@@ -132,11 +136,9 @@ jobs:
        with:
          path: |
            ~/go/go_win7
-          key: go_win7_1258
+          key: go_win7_1255
      - name: Setup Go for Windows 7
        if: matrix.legacy_win7 && steps.cache-go-for-windows7.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
        run: |-
          .github/setup_go_for_windows7.sh
      - name: Setup Go for Windows 7
@@ -205,10 +207,9 @@ jobs:
      - name: Set build tags
        run: |
          set -xeuo pipefail
+          TAGS='with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,with_ocm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0'
          if [[ "${{ matrix.naive }}" == "true" ]]; then
-            TAGS=$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS)
-          else
-            TAGS=$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS_OTHERS)
+            TAGS="${TAGS},with_naive_outbound"
          fi
          if [[ "${{ matrix.variant }}" == "purego" ]]; then
            TAGS="${TAGS},with_purego"
@@ -216,16 +217,13 @@ jobs:
            TAGS="${TAGS},with_musl"
          fi
          echo "BUILD_TAGS=${TAGS}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
-      - name: Set shared ldflags
-        run: |
-          echo "LDFLAGS_SHARED=$(cat release/LDFLAGS)" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
      - name: Build (purego)
        if: matrix.variant == 'purego'
        run: |
          set -xeuo pipefail
          mkdir -p dist
          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
+          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0' \
          ./cmd/sing-box
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
@@ -247,7 +245,7 @@ jobs:
          set -xeuo pipefail
          mkdir -p dist
          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
+          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0' \
          ./cmd/sing-box
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: "1"
@@ -264,7 +262,7 @@ jobs:
          set -xeuo pipefail
          mkdir -p dist
          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
+          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0' \
          ./cmd/sing-box
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: "1"
@@ -281,7 +279,7 @@ jobs:
          set -xeuo pipefail
          mkdir -p dist
          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
+          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0' \
          ./cmd/sing-box
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
@@ -301,7 +299,7 @@ jobs:
          export CXX="${CC}++"
          mkdir -p dist
          GOOS=$BUILD_GOOS GOARCH=$BUILD_GOARCH build go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
+          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0' \
          ./cmd/sing-box
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: "1"
@@ -396,30 +394,6 @@ jobs:
            .github/deb2ipk.sh "$architecture" "dist/openwrt.deb" "dist/sing-box_${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}_openwrt_${architecture}.ipk"
          done
          rm "dist/openwrt.deb"
-      - name: Install apk-tools
-        if: matrix.openwrt != '' || matrix.alpine != ''
-        run: |-
-          docker run --rm -v /usr/local/bin:/mnt alpine:edge sh -c "apk add --no-cache apk-tools-static && cp /sbin/apk.static /mnt/apk && chmod +x /mnt/apk"
-      - name: Package OpenWrt APK
-        if: matrix.openwrt != ''
-        run: |-
-          set -xeuo pipefail
-          for architecture in ${{ matrix.openwrt }}; do
-            .github/build_openwrt_apk.sh \
-              "$architecture" \
-              "${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}" \
-              "dist/sing-box" \
-              "dist/sing-box_${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}_openwrt_${architecture}.apk"
-          done
-      - name: Package Alpine APK
-        if: matrix.alpine != ''
-        run: |-
-          set -xeuo pipefail
-          .github/build_alpine_apk.sh \
-            "${{ matrix.alpine }}" \
-            "${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}" \
-            "dist/sing-box" \
-            "dist/sing-box_${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}_linux_${{ matrix.alpine }}.apk"
      - name: Archive
        run: |
          set -xeuo pipefail
@@ -455,36 +429,22 @@ jobs:
        include:
          - { arch: amd64 }
          - { arch: arm64 }
-          - { arch: amd64, legacy_osx: true, legacy_name: "macos-10.13" }
+          - { arch: amd64, legacy_go124: true, legacy_name: "macos-11" }
    steps:
      - name: Checkout
        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0
      - name: Setup Go
-        if: ${{ ! matrix.legacy_osx }}
+        if: ${{ ! matrix.legacy_go124 }}
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
          go-version: ^1.25.3
-      - name: Cache Go for macOS 10.13
-        if: matrix.legacy_osx
-        id: cache-go-for-macos1013
-        uses: actions/cache@v4
+      - name: Setup Go 1.24
+        if: matrix.legacy_go124
+        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          path: |
-            ~/go/go_osx
-          key: go_osx_1258
-      - name: Setup Go for macOS 10.13
-        if: matrix.legacy_osx && steps.cache-go-for-macos1013.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        env:
-          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
-        run: |-
-          .github/setup_go_for_macos1013.sh
-      - name: Setup Go for macOS 10.13
-        if: matrix.legacy_osx
-        run: |-
-          echo "PATH=$HOME/go/go_osx/bin:$PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
-          echo "GOROOT=$HOME/go/go_osx" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          go-version: ~1.24.6
      - name: Set tag
        run: |-
          git ls-remote --exit-code --tags origin v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} || echo "PUBLISHED=false" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
@@ -492,27 +452,22 @@ jobs:
      - name: Set build tags
        run: |
          set -xeuo pipefail
-          if [[ "${{ matrix.legacy_osx }}" != "true" ]]; then
-            TAGS=$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS)
-          else
-            TAGS=$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS_OTHERS)
+          TAGS='with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,with_ocm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0'
+          if [[ "${{ matrix.legacy_go124 }}" != "true" ]]; then
+            TAGS="${TAGS},with_naive_outbound"
          fi
          echo "BUILD_TAGS=${TAGS}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
-      - name: Set shared ldflags
-        run: |
-          echo "LDFLAGS_SHARED=$(cat release/LDFLAGS)" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
      - name: Build
        run: |
          set -xeuo pipefail
          mkdir -p dist
          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
+          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0' \
          ./cmd/sing-box
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: "1"
          GOOS: darwin
          GOARCH: ${{ matrix.arch }}
-          MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: ${{ matrix.legacy_osx && '10.13' || '' }}
          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
      - name: Set name
        run: |-
@@ -565,11 +520,9 @@ jobs:
      - name: Build
        if: matrix.naive
        run: |
-          $TAGS = Get-Content release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS_WINDOWS
-          $LDFLAGS_SHARED = Get-Content release/LDFLAGS
          mkdir -p dist
-          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box.exe -tags "$TAGS" `
-          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' $LDFLAGS_SHARED -s -w -buildid=" `
+          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box.exe -tags "with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,with_ocm,with_naive_outbound,with_purego,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0" `
+          -ldflags "-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0" `
          ./cmd/sing-box
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
@@ -579,11 +532,9 @@ jobs:
      - name: Build
        if: ${{ !matrix.naive }}
        run: |
-          $TAGS = Get-Content release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS_OTHERS
-          $LDFLAGS_SHARED = Get-Content release/LDFLAGS
          mkdir -p dist
-          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box.exe -tags "$TAGS" `
-          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' $LDFLAGS_SHARED -s -w -buildid=" `
+          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box.exe -tags "with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,with_ocm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0" `
+          -ldflags "-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0" `
          ./cmd/sing-box
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
@@ -628,7 +579,7 @@ jobs:
          path: "dist"
  build_android:
    name: Build Android
-    if: (github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Android') && github.ref != 'refs/heads/oldstable'
+    if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Android'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs:
      - calculate_version
@@ -641,7 +592,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ~1.25.8
+          go-version: ~1.25.7
      - name: Setup Android NDK
        id: setup-ndk
        uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
@@ -664,12 +615,12 @@ jobs:
          JAVA_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64
          ANDROID_NDK_HOME: ${{ steps.setup-ndk.outputs.ndk-path }}
      - name: Checkout main branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/stable' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main-next' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
        run: |-
          cd clients/android
          git checkout main
      - name: Checkout dev branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/testing'
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev-next'
        run: |-
          cd clients/android
          git checkout dev
@@ -718,7 +669,7 @@ jobs:
          path: 'dist'
  publish_android:
    name: Publish Android
-    if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.build == 'publish-android' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/oldstable'
+    if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.build == 'publish-android'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    needs:
      - calculate_version
@@ -731,7 +682,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ~1.25.8
+          go-version: ~1.25.7
      - name: Setup Android NDK
        id: setup-ndk
        uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
@@ -754,12 +705,12 @@ jobs:
          JAVA_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64
          ANDROID_NDK_HOME: ${{ steps.setup-ndk.outputs.ndk-path }}
      - name: Checkout main branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/stable' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main-next' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
        run: |-
          cd clients/android
          git checkout main
      - name: Checkout dev branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/testing'
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev-next'
        run: |-
          cd clients/android
          git checkout dev
@@ -830,7 +781,7 @@ jobs:
        if: matrix.if
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ~1.25.8
+          go-version: ~1.25.7
      - name: Set tag
        if: matrix.if
        run: |-
@@ -838,12 +789,12 @@ jobs:
          git tag v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -f
          echo "VERSION=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
      - name: Checkout main branch
-        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/stable' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
+        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main-next' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
        run: |-
          cd clients/apple
          git checkout main
      - name: Checkout dev branch
-        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/testing'
+        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev-next'
        run: |-
          cd clients/apple
          git checkout dev
@@ -929,7 +880,7 @@ jobs:
            -authenticationKeyID $ASC_KEY_ID \
            -authenticationKeyIssuerID $ASC_KEY_ISSUER_ID
      - name: Publish to TestFlight
-        if: matrix.if && matrix.name != 'macOS-standalone' && github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.ref =='refs/heads/testing'
+        if: matrix.if && matrix.name != 'macOS-standalone' && github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.ref =='refs/heads/dev-next'
        run: |-
          go run -v ./cmd/internal/app_store_connect publish_testflight ${{ matrix.platform }}
      - name: Build image
--- a/.github/workflows/docker.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docker.yml
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ name: Publish Docker Images
 on:
  #push:
  #  branches:
-  #    - stable
-  #    - testing
+  #    - main-next
+  #    - dev-next
  release:
    types:
      - published
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ~1.25.8
+          go-version: ~1.25.7
      - name: Clone cronet-go
        if: matrix.naive
        run: |
@@ -104,21 +104,17 @@ jobs:
      - name: Set build tags
        run: |
          set -xeuo pipefail
+          TAGS='with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,with_ocm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0'
          if [[ "${{ matrix.naive }}" == "true" ]]; then
-            TAGS="$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS),with_musl"
-          else
-            TAGS=$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS_OTHERS)
+            TAGS="${TAGS},with_naive_outbound,with_musl"
          fi
          echo "BUILD_TAGS=${TAGS}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
-      - name: Set shared ldflags
-        run: |
-          echo "LDFLAGS_SHARED=$(cat release/LDFLAGS)" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
      - name: Build (naive)
        if: matrix.naive
        run: |
          set -xeuo pipefail
          go build -v -trimpath -o sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${VERSION}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
+          -ldflags "-X \"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${VERSION}\" -X 'internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0' -s -w -buildid= -checklinkname=0" \
          ./cmd/sing-box
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: "1"
@@ -131,7 +127,7 @@ jobs:
        run: |
          set -xeuo pipefail
          go build -v -trimpath -o sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${VERSION}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
+          -ldflags "-X \"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${VERSION}\" -X 'internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0' -s -w -buildid= -checklinkname=0" \
          ./cmd/sing-box
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
@@ -259,13 +255,13 @@ jobs:
          fi
          echo "ref=$ref"
          echo "ref=$ref" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
-        with:
-          ref: ${{ steps.ref.outputs.ref }}
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - name: Detect track
-        run: bash .github/detect_track.sh
+          if [[ $ref == *"-"* ]]; then
+            latest=latest-beta
+          else
+            latest=latest
+          fi
+          echo "latest=$latest"
+          echo "latest=$latest" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
      - name: Download digests
        uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
        with:
@@ -285,11 +281,11 @@ jobs:
        working-directory: /tmp/digests
        run: |
          docker buildx imagetools create \
-            -t "${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ env.DOCKER_TAG }}" \
+            -t "${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ steps.ref.outputs.latest }}" \
            -t "${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ steps.ref.outputs.ref }}" \
            $(printf '${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}@sha256:%s ' *)
      - name: Inspect image
        if: github.event_name != 'push'
        run: |
-          docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ env.DOCKER_TAG }}
+          docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ steps.ref.outputs.latest }}
          docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ steps.ref.outputs.ref }}
--- a/.github/workflows/lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/lint.yml
@@ -3,20 +3,18 @@ name: Lint
 on:
  push:
    branches:
-      - oldstable
-      - stable
-      - testing
-      - unstable
+      - stable-next
+      - main-next
+      - dev-next
    paths-ignore:
      - '**.md'
      - '.github/**'
      - '!.github/workflows/lint.yml'
  pull_request:
    branches:
-      - oldstable
-      - stable
-      - testing
-      - unstable
+      - stable-next
+      - main-next
+      - dev-next

 jobs:
  build:
--- a/.github/workflows/linux.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/linux.yml
@@ -3,14 +3,19 @@ name: Build Linux Packages
 on:
  #push:
  #  branches:
-  #    - stable
-  #    - testing
+  #    - main-next
+  #    - dev-next
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      version:
        description: "Version name"
        required: true
        type: string
+      forceBeta:
+        description: "Force beta"
+        required: false
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
  release:
    types:
      - published
@@ -29,7 +34,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ~1.25.8
+          go-version: ~1.25.7
      - name: Check input version
        if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
        run: |-
@@ -72,7 +77,7 @@ jobs:
      - name: Setup Go
        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
        with:
-          go-version: ~1.25.8
+          go-version: ~1.25.7
      - name: Clone cronet-go
        if: matrix.naive
        run: |
@@ -120,22 +125,18 @@ jobs:
      - name: Set build tags
        run: |
          set -xeuo pipefail
+          TAGS='with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,with_ocm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0'
          if [[ "${{ matrix.naive }}" == "true" ]]; then
-            TAGS="$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS),with_musl"
-          else
-            TAGS=$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS_OTHERS)
+            TAGS="${TAGS},with_naive_outbound,with_musl"
          fi
          echo "BUILD_TAGS=${TAGS}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
-      - name: Set shared ldflags
-        run: |
-          echo "LDFLAGS_SHARED=$(cat release/LDFLAGS)" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
      - name: Build (naive)
        if: matrix.naive
        run: |
          set -xeuo pipefail
          mkdir -p dist
          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
+          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0' \
          ./cmd/sing-box
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: "1"
@@ -151,7 +152,7 @@ jobs:
          set -xeuo pipefail
          mkdir -p dist
          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
+          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0' \
          ./cmd/sing-box
        env:
          CGO_ENABLED: "0"
@@ -162,8 +163,14 @@ jobs:
      - name: Set mtime
        run: |-
          TZ=UTC touch -t '197001010000' dist/sing-box
-      - name: Detect track
-        run: bash .github/detect_track.sh
+      - name: Set name
+        if: (! contains(needs.calculate_version.outputs.version, '-')) && !inputs.forceBeta
+        run: |-
+          echo "NAME=sing-box" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Set beta name
+        if: contains(needs.calculate_version.outputs.version, '-') || inputs.forceBeta
+        run: |-
+          echo "NAME=sing-box-beta" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
      - name: Set version
        run: |-
          PKG_VERSION="${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}"
--- a/.golangci.yml
+++ b/.golangci.yml
@@ -9,11 +9,6 @@ run:
    - with_utls
    - with_acme
    - with_clash_api
-    - with_tailscale
-    - with_ccm
-    - with_ocm
-    - badlinkname
-    - tfogo_checklinkname0
 linters:
  default: none
  enable:
--- a/7
+++ b/7
@@ -12,11 +12,10 @@ RUN set -ex \
    && apk add git build-base \
    && export COMMIT=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) \
    && export VERSION=$(go run ./cmd/internal/read_tag) \
-    && export TAGS=$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS_OTHERS) \
-    && export LDFLAGS_SHARED=$(cat release/LDFLAGS) \
-    && go build -v -trimpath -tags "$TAGS" \
+    && go build -v -trimpath -tags \
+        "with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,with_ocm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0" \
        -o /go/bin/sing-box \
-        -ldflags "-X \"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$VERSION\" $LDFLAGS_SHARED -s -w -buildid=" \
+        -ldflags "-X \"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$VERSION\" -X 'internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0' -s -w -buildid= -checklinkname=0" \
        ./cmd/sing-box
 FROM --platform=$TARGETPLATFORM alpine AS dist
 LABEL maintainer="nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>"
--- a/9
+++ b/9
@@ -1,13 +1,12 @@
 NAME = sing-box
 COMMIT = $(shell git rev-parse --short HEAD)
-TAGS ?= $(shell cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS_OTHERS)
+TAGS ?= with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,with_ocm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0

 GOHOSTOS = $(shell go env GOHOSTOS)
 GOHOSTARCH = $(shell go env GOHOSTARCH)
 VERSION=$(shell CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=$(GOHOSTOS) GOARCH=$(GOHOSTARCH) go run github.com/sagernet/sing-box/cmd/internal/read_tag@latest)

-LDFLAGS_SHARED = $(shell cat release/LDFLAGS)
-PARAMS = -v -trimpath -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$(VERSION)' $(LDFLAGS_SHARED) -s -w -buildid="
+PARAMS = -v -trimpath -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$(VERSION)' -X 'internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0' -s -w -buildid= -checklinkname=0"
 MAIN_PARAMS = $(PARAMS) -tags "$(TAGS)"
 MAIN = ./cmd/sing-box
 PREFIX ?= $(shell go env GOPATH)
@@ -260,8 +259,8 @@ publish_docs:
 	venv/bin/mkdocs gh-deploy -m "Update" --force --ignore-version --no-history

 docs_install:
-	python3 -m venv venv
-	source ./venv/bin/activate && pip install --force-reinstall mkdocs-material=="9.7.2" mkdocs-static-i18n=="1.2.*"
+	python -m venv venv
+	source ./venv/bin/activate && pip install --force-reinstall mkdocs-material=="9.*" mkdocs-static-i18n=="1.2.*"

 clean:
 	rm -rf bin dist sing-box
--- a/adapter/certificate/adapter.go
+++ b/adapter/certificate/adapter.go
@@ -1,21 +0,0 @@
-package certificate
-
-type Adapter struct {
-	providerType string
-	providerTag  string
-}
-
-func NewAdapter(providerType string, providerTag string) Adapter {
-	return Adapter{
-		providerType: providerType,
-		providerTag:  providerTag,
-	}
-}
-
-func (a *Adapter) Type() string {
-	return a.providerType
-}
-
-func (a *Adapter) Tag() string {
-	return a.providerTag
-}
--- a/adapter/certificate/manager.go
+++ b/adapter/certificate/manager.go
@@ -1,158 +0,0 @@
-package certificate
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"os"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/taskmonitor"
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
-)
-
-var _ adapter.CertificateProviderManager = (*Manager)(nil)
-
-type Manager struct {
-	logger        log.ContextLogger
-	registry      adapter.CertificateProviderRegistry
-	access        sync.Mutex
-	started       bool
-	stage         adapter.StartStage
-	providers     []adapter.CertificateProviderService
-	providerByTag map[string]adapter.CertificateProviderService
-}
-
-func NewManager(logger log.ContextLogger, registry adapter.CertificateProviderRegistry) *Manager {
-	return &Manager{
-		logger:        logger,
-		registry:      registry,
-		providerByTag: make(map[string]adapter.CertificateProviderService),
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	if m.started && m.stage >= stage {
-		panic("already started")
-	}
-	m.started = true
-	m.stage = stage
-	providers := m.providers
-	m.access.Unlock()
-	for _, provider := range providers {
-		name := "certificate-provider/" + provider.Type() + "[" + provider.Tag() + "]"
-		m.logger.Trace(stage, " ", name)
-		startTime := time.Now()
-		err := adapter.LegacyStart(provider, stage)
-		if err != nil {
-			return E.Cause(err, stage, " ", name)
-		}
-		m.logger.Trace(stage, " ", name, " completed (", F.Seconds(time.Since(startTime).Seconds()), "s)")
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Close() error {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	if !m.started {
-		return nil
-	}
-	m.started = false
-	providers := m.providers
-	m.providers = nil
-	monitor := taskmonitor.New(m.logger, C.StopTimeout)
-	var err error
-	for _, provider := range providers {
-		name := "certificate-provider/" + provider.Type() + "[" + provider.Tag() + "]"
-		m.logger.Trace("close ", name)
-		startTime := time.Now()
-		monitor.Start("close ", name)
-		err = E.Append(err, provider.Close(), func(err error) error {
-			return E.Cause(err, "close ", name)
-		})
-		monitor.Finish()
-		m.logger.Trace("close ", name, " completed (", F.Seconds(time.Since(startTime).Seconds()), "s)")
-	}
-	return err
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) CertificateProviders() []adapter.CertificateProviderService {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	return m.providers
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Get(tag string) (adapter.CertificateProviderService, bool) {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	provider, found := m.providerByTag[tag]
-	m.access.Unlock()
-	return provider, found
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Remove(tag string) error {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	provider, found := m.providerByTag[tag]
-	if !found {
-		m.access.Unlock()
-		return os.ErrInvalid
-	}
-	delete(m.providerByTag, tag)
-	index := common.Index(m.providers, func(it adapter.CertificateProviderService) bool {
-		return it == provider
-	})
-	if index == -1 {
-		panic("invalid certificate provider index")
-	}
-	m.providers = append(m.providers[:index], m.providers[index+1:]...)
-	started := m.started
-	m.access.Unlock()
-	if started {
-		return provider.Close()
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Create(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, providerType string, options any) error {
-	provider, err := m.registry.Create(ctx, logger, tag, providerType, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	if m.started {
-		name := "certificate-provider/" + provider.Type() + "[" + provider.Tag() + "]"
-		for _, stage := range adapter.ListStartStages {
-			m.logger.Trace(stage, " ", name)
-			startTime := time.Now()
-			err = adapter.LegacyStart(provider, stage)
-			if err != nil {
-				return E.Cause(err, stage, " ", name)
-			}
-			m.logger.Trace(stage, " ", name, " completed (", F.Seconds(time.Since(startTime).Seconds()), "s)")
-		}
-	}
-	if existsProvider, loaded := m.providerByTag[tag]; loaded {
-		if m.started {
-			err = existsProvider.Close()
-			if err != nil {
-				return E.Cause(err, "close certificate-provider/", existsProvider.Type(), "[", existsProvider.Tag(), "]")
-			}
-		}
-		existsIndex := common.Index(m.providers, func(it adapter.CertificateProviderService) bool {
-			return it == existsProvider
-		})
-		if existsIndex == -1 {
-			panic("invalid certificate provider index")
-		}
-		m.providers = append(m.providers[:existsIndex], m.providers[existsIndex+1:]...)
-	}
-	m.providers = append(m.providers, provider)
-	m.providerByTag[tag] = provider
-	return nil
-}
--- a/adapter/certificate/registry.go
+++ b/adapter/certificate/registry.go
@@ -1,72 +0,0 @@
-package certificate
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-)
-
-type ConstructorFunc[T any] func(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options T) (adapter.CertificateProviderService, error)
-
-func Register[Options any](registry *Registry, providerType string, constructor ConstructorFunc[Options]) {
-	registry.register(providerType, func() any {
-		return new(Options)
-	}, func(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, rawOptions any) (adapter.CertificateProviderService, error) {
-		var options *Options
-		if rawOptions != nil {
-			options = rawOptions.(*Options)
-		}
-		return constructor(ctx, logger, tag, common.PtrValueOrDefault(options))
-	})
-}
-
-var _ adapter.CertificateProviderRegistry = (*Registry)(nil)
-
-type (
-	optionsConstructorFunc func() any
-	constructorFunc        func(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options any) (adapter.CertificateProviderService, error)
-)
-
-type Registry struct {
-	access      sync.Mutex
-	optionsType map[string]optionsConstructorFunc
-	constructor map[string]constructorFunc
-}
-
-func NewRegistry() *Registry {
-	return &Registry{
-		optionsType: make(map[string]optionsConstructorFunc),
-		constructor: make(map[string]constructorFunc),
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *Registry) CreateOptions(providerType string) (any, bool) {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	optionsConstructor, loaded := m.optionsType[providerType]
-	if !loaded {
-		return nil, false
-	}
-	return optionsConstructor(), true
-}
-
-func (m *Registry) Create(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, providerType string, options any) (adapter.CertificateProviderService, error) {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	constructor, loaded := m.constructor[providerType]
-	if !loaded {
-		return nil, E.New("certificate provider type not found: " + providerType)
-	}
-	return constructor(ctx, logger, tag, options)
-}
-
-func (m *Registry) register(providerType string, optionsConstructor optionsConstructorFunc, constructor constructorFunc) {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	m.optionsType[providerType] = optionsConstructor
-	m.constructor[providerType] = constructor
-}
--- a/adapter/certificate_provider.go
+++ b/adapter/certificate_provider.go
@@ -1,38 +0,0 @@
-package adapter
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"crypto/tls"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-)
-
-type CertificateProvider interface {
-	GetCertificate(hello *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error)
-}
-
-type ACMECertificateProvider interface {
-	CertificateProvider
-	GetACMENextProtos() []string
-}
-
-type CertificateProviderService interface {
-	Lifecycle
-	Type() string
-	Tag() string
-	CertificateProvider
-}
-
-type CertificateProviderRegistry interface {
-	option.CertificateProviderOptionsRegistry
-	Create(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, providerType string, options any) (CertificateProviderService, error)
-}
-
-type CertificateProviderManager interface {
-	Lifecycle
-	CertificateProviders() []CertificateProviderService
-	Get(tag string) (CertificateProviderService, bool)
-	Remove(tag string) error
-	Create(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, providerType string, options any) error
-}
--- a/adapter/dns.go
+++ b/adapter/dns.go
@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ package adapter
 import (
 	"context"
 	"net/netip"
-	"time"

 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
@@ -26,19 +25,18 @@ type DNSRouter interface {

 type DNSClient interface {
 	Start()
-	Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport DNSTransport, message *dns.Msg, options DNSQueryOptions, responseChecker func(response *dns.Msg) bool) (*dns.Msg, error)
-	Lookup(ctx context.Context, transport DNSTransport, domain string, options DNSQueryOptions, responseChecker func(response *dns.Msg) bool) ([]netip.Addr, error)
+	Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport DNSTransport, message *dns.Msg, options DNSQueryOptions, responseChecker func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool) (*dns.Msg, error)
+	Lookup(ctx context.Context, transport DNSTransport, domain string, options DNSQueryOptions, responseChecker func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool) ([]netip.Addr, error)
 	ClearCache()
 }

 type DNSQueryOptions struct {
-	Transport              DNSTransport
-	Strategy               C.DomainStrategy
-	LookupStrategy         C.DomainStrategy
-	DisableCache           bool
-	DisableOptimisticCache bool
-	RewriteTTL             *uint32
-	ClientSubnet           netip.Prefix
+	Transport      DNSTransport
+	Strategy       C.DomainStrategy
+	LookupStrategy C.DomainStrategy
+	DisableCache   bool
+	RewriteTTL     *uint32
+	ClientSubnet   netip.Prefix
 }

 func DNSQueryOptionsFrom(ctx context.Context, options *option.DomainResolveOptions) (*DNSQueryOptions, error) {
@@ -51,12 +49,11 @@ func DNSQueryOptionsFrom(ctx context.Context, options *option.DomainResolveOptio
 		return nil, E.New("domain resolver not found: " + options.Server)
 	}
 	return &DNSQueryOptions{
-		Transport:              transport,
-		Strategy:               C.DomainStrategy(options.Strategy),
-		DisableCache:           options.DisableCache,
-		DisableOptimisticCache: options.DisableOptimisticCache,
-		RewriteTTL:             options.RewriteTTL,
-		ClientSubnet:           options.ClientSubnet.Build(netip.Prefix{}),
+		Transport:    transport,
+		Strategy:     C.DomainStrategy(options.Strategy),
+		DisableCache: options.DisableCache,
+		RewriteTTL:   options.RewriteTTL,
+		ClientSubnet: options.ClientSubnet.Build(netip.Prefix{}),
 	}, nil
 }

@@ -66,13 +63,6 @@ type RDRCStore interface {
 	SaveRDRCAsync(transportName string, qName string, qType uint16, logger logger.Logger)
 }

-type DNSCacheStore interface {
-	LoadDNSCache(transportName string, qName string, qType uint16) (rawMessage []byte, expireAt time.Time, loaded bool)
-	SaveDNSCache(transportName string, qName string, qType uint16, rawMessage []byte, expireAt time.Time) error
-	SaveDNSCacheAsync(transportName string, qName string, qType uint16, rawMessage []byte, expireAt time.Time, logger logger.Logger)
-	ClearDNSCache() error
-}
-
 type DNSTransport interface {
 	Lifecycle
 	Type() string
@@ -82,6 +72,11 @@ type DNSTransport interface {
 	Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *dns.Msg) (*dns.Msg, error)
 }

+type LegacyDNSTransport interface {
+	LegacyStrategy() C.DomainStrategy
+	LegacyClientSubnet() netip.Prefix
+}
+
 type DNSTransportRegistry interface {
 	option.DNSTransportOptionsRegistry
 	CreateDNSTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, transportType string, options any) (DNSTransport, error)
--- a/adapter/experimental.go
+++ b/adapter/experimental.go
@@ -47,12 +47,6 @@ type CacheFile interface {
 	StoreRDRC() bool
 	RDRCStore

-	StoreDNS() bool
-	DNSCacheStore
-
-	SetDisableExpire(disableExpire bool)
-	SetOptimisticTimeout(timeout time.Duration)
-
 	LoadMode() string
 	StoreMode(mode string) error
 	LoadSelected(group string) string
--- a/adapter/http.go
+++ b/adapter/http.go
@@ -1,22 +0,0 @@
-package adapter
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net/http"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
-)
-
-type HTTPTransport interface {
-	http.RoundTripper
-	CloseIdleConnections()
-	Clone() HTTPTransport
-	Close() error
-}
-
-type HTTPClientManager interface {
-	ResolveTransport(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, options option.HTTPClientOptions) (HTTPTransport, error)
-	DefaultTransport() HTTPTransport
-	ResetNetwork()
-}
--- a/adapter/inbound.go
+++ b/adapter/inbound.go
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package adapter

 import (
 	"context"
-	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"time"

@@ -10,8 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-
-	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 )

 type Inbound interface {
@@ -65,10 +62,13 @@ type InboundContext struct {
 	// cache

 	// Deprecated: implement in rule action
-	InboundDetour             string
-	LastInbound               string
-	OriginDestination         M.Socksaddr
-	RouteOriginalDestination  M.Socksaddr
+	InboundDetour            string
+	LastInbound              string
+	OriginDestination        M.Socksaddr
+	RouteOriginalDestination M.Socksaddr
+	// Deprecated: to be removed
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	InboundOptions            option.InboundOptions
 	UDPDisableDomainUnmapping bool
 	UDPConnect                bool
 	UDPTimeout                time.Duration
@@ -81,16 +81,12 @@ type InboundContext struct {
 	FallbackNetworkType []C.InterfaceType
 	FallbackDelay       time.Duration

-	DestinationAddresses                []netip.Addr
-	DNSResponse                         *dns.Msg
-	DestinationAddressMatchFromResponse bool
-	SourceGeoIPCode                     string
-	GeoIPCode                           string
-	ProcessInfo                         *ConnectionOwner
-	SourceMACAddress                    net.HardwareAddr
-	SourceHostname                      string
-	QueryType                           uint16
-	FakeIP                              bool
+	DestinationAddresses []netip.Addr
+	SourceGeoIPCode      string
+	GeoIPCode            string
+	ProcessInfo          *ConnectionOwner
+	QueryType            uint16
+	FakeIP               bool

 	// rule cache

@@ -108,10 +104,6 @@ type InboundContext struct {
 func (c *InboundContext) ResetRuleCache() {
 	c.IPCIDRMatchSource = false
 	c.IPCIDRAcceptEmpty = false
-	c.ResetRuleMatchCache()
-}
-
-func (c *InboundContext) ResetRuleMatchCache() {
 	c.SourceAddressMatch = false
 	c.SourcePortMatch = false
 	c.DestinationAddressMatch = false
@@ -119,51 +111,6 @@ func (c *InboundContext) ResetRuleMatchCache() {
 	c.DidMatch = false
 }

-func (c *InboundContext) DNSResponseAddressesForMatch() []netip.Addr {
-	return DNSResponseAddresses(c.DNSResponse)
-}
-
-func DNSResponseAddresses(response *dns.Msg) []netip.Addr {
-	if response == nil || response.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess {
-		return nil
-	}
-	addresses := make([]netip.Addr, 0, len(response.Answer))
-	for _, rawRecord := range response.Answer {
-		switch record := rawRecord.(type) {
-		case *dns.A:
-			addr := M.AddrFromIP(record.A)
-			if addr.IsValid() {
-				addresses = append(addresses, addr)
-			}
-		case *dns.AAAA:
-			addr := M.AddrFromIP(record.AAAA)
-			if addr.IsValid() {
-				addresses = append(addresses, addr)
-			}
-		case *dns.HTTPS:
-			for _, value := range record.SVCB.Value {
-				switch hint := value.(type) {
-				case *dns.SVCBIPv4Hint:
-					for _, ip := range hint.Hint {
-						addr := M.AddrFromIP(ip).Unmap()
-						if addr.IsValid() {
-							addresses = append(addresses, addr)
-						}
-					}
-				case *dns.SVCBIPv6Hint:
-					for _, ip := range hint.Hint {
-						addr := M.AddrFromIP(ip)
-						if addr.IsValid() {
-							addresses = append(addresses, addr)
-						}
-					}
-				}
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return addresses
-}
-
 type inboundContextKey struct{}

 func WithContext(ctx context.Context, inboundContext *InboundContext) context.Context {
--- a/adapter/inbound_test.go
+++ b/adapter/inbound_test.go
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-package adapter
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"testing"
-
-	"github.com/miekg/dns"
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestDNSResponseAddressesUnmapsHTTPSIPv4Hints(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	ipv4Hint := net.ParseIP("1.1.1.1")
-	require.NotNil(t, ipv4Hint)
-
-	response := &dns.Msg{
-		MsgHdr: dns.MsgHdr{
-			Response: true,
-			Rcode:    dns.RcodeSuccess,
-		},
-		Answer: []dns.RR{
-			&dns.HTTPS{
-				SVCB: dns.SVCB{
-					Hdr: dns.RR_Header{
-						Name:   dns.Fqdn("example.com"),
-						Rrtype: dns.TypeHTTPS,
-						Class:  dns.ClassINET,
-						Ttl:    60,
-					},
-					Priority: 1,
-					Target:   ".",
-					Value: []dns.SVCBKeyValue{
-						&dns.SVCBIPv4Hint{Hint: []net.IP{ipv4Hint}},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-
-	addresses := DNSResponseAddresses(response)
-	require.Equal(t, []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1")}, addresses)
-	require.True(t, addresses[0].Is4())
-}
--- a/adapter/neighbor.go
+++ b/adapter/neighbor.go
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-package adapter
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-)
-
-type NeighborEntry struct {
-	Address    netip.Addr
-	MACAddress net.HardwareAddr
-	Hostname   string
-}
-
-type NeighborResolver interface {
-	LookupMAC(address netip.Addr) (net.HardwareAddr, bool)
-	LookupHostname(address netip.Addr) (string, bool)
-	Start() error
-	Close() error
-}
-
-type NeighborUpdateListener interface {
-	UpdateNeighborTable(entries []NeighborEntry)
-}
--- a/adapter/platform.go
+++ b/adapter/platform.go
@@ -36,10 +36,6 @@ type PlatformInterface interface {

 	UsePlatformNotification() bool
 	SendNotification(notification *Notification) error
-
-	UsePlatformNeighborResolver() bool
-	StartNeighborMonitor(listener NeighborUpdateListener) error
-	CloseNeighborMonitor(listener NeighborUpdateListener) error
 }

 type FindConnectionOwnerRequest struct {
@@ -51,11 +47,11 @@ type FindConnectionOwnerRequest struct {
 }

 type ConnectionOwner struct {
-	ProcessID           uint32
-	UserId              int32
-	UserName            string
-	ProcessPath         string
-	AndroidPackageNames []string
+	ProcessID          uint32
+	UserId             int32
+	UserName           string
+	ProcessPath        string
+	AndroidPackageName string
 }

 type Notification struct {
--- a/adapter/router.go
+++ b/adapter/router.go
@@ -2,11 +2,17 @@ package adapter

 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
 	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"sync"
 	"time"

+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"

 	"go4.org/netipx"
@@ -20,8 +26,6 @@ type Router interface {
 	RuleSet(tag string) (RuleSet, bool)
 	Rules() []Rule
 	NeedFindProcess() bool
-	NeedFindNeighbor() bool
-	NeighborResolver() NeighborResolver
 	AppendTracker(tracker ConnectionTracker)
 	ResetNetwork()
 }
@@ -45,7 +49,7 @@ type ConnectionRouterEx interface {

 type RuleSet interface {
 	Name() string
-	StartContext(ctx context.Context) error
+	StartContext(ctx context.Context, startContext *HTTPStartContext) error
 	PostStart() error
 	Metadata() RuleSetMetadata
 	ExtractIPSet() []*netipx.IPSet
@@ -60,14 +64,51 @@ type RuleSet interface {

 type RuleSetUpdateCallback func(it RuleSet)

-type DNSRuleSetUpdateValidator interface {
-	ValidateRuleSetMetadataUpdate(tag string, metadata RuleSetMetadata) error
+type RuleSetMetadata struct {
+	ContainsProcessRule bool
+	ContainsWIFIRule    bool
+	ContainsIPCIDRRule  bool
+}
+type HTTPStartContext struct {
+	ctx             context.Context
+	access          sync.Mutex
+	httpClientCache map[string]*http.Client
 }

-// ip_version is not a headless-rule item, so ContainsIPVersionRule is intentionally absent.
-type RuleSetMetadata struct {
-	ContainsProcessRule      bool
-	ContainsWIFIRule         bool
-	ContainsIPCIDRRule       bool
-	ContainsDNSQueryTypeRule bool
+func NewHTTPStartContext(ctx context.Context) *HTTPStartContext {
+	return &HTTPStartContext{
+		ctx:             ctx,
+		httpClientCache: make(map[string]*http.Client),
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *HTTPStartContext) HTTPClient(detour string, dialer N.Dialer) *http.Client {
+	c.access.Lock()
+	defer c.access.Unlock()
+	if httpClient, loaded := c.httpClientCache[detour]; loaded {
+		return httpClient
+	}
+	httpClient := &http.Client{
+		Transport: &http.Transport{
+			ForceAttemptHTTP2:   true,
+			TLSHandshakeTimeout: C.TCPTimeout,
+			DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+				return dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
+			},
+			TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{
+				Time:    ntp.TimeFuncFromContext(c.ctx),
+				RootCAs: RootPoolFromContext(c.ctx),
+			},
+		},
+	}
+	c.httpClientCache[detour] = httpClient
+	return httpClient
+}
+
+func (c *HTTPStartContext) Close() {
+	c.access.Lock()
+	defer c.access.Unlock()
+	for _, client := range c.httpClientCache {
+		client.CloseIdleConnections()
+	}
 }
--- a/adapter/rule.go
+++ b/adapter/rule.go
@@ -2,8 +2,6 @@ package adapter

 import (
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-
-	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 )

 type HeadlessRule interface {
@@ -20,9 +18,8 @@ type Rule interface {

 type DNSRule interface {
 	Rule
-	LegacyPreMatch(metadata *InboundContext) bool
 	WithAddressLimit() bool
-	MatchAddressLimit(metadata *InboundContext, response *dns.Msg) bool
+	MatchAddressLimit(metadata *InboundContext) bool
 }

 type RuleAction interface {
@@ -32,7 +29,7 @@ type RuleAction interface {

 func IsFinalAction(action RuleAction) bool {
 	switch action.Type() {
-	case C.RuleActionTypeSniff, C.RuleActionTypeResolve, C.RuleActionTypeEvaluate:
+	case C.RuleActionTypeSniff, C.RuleActionTypeResolve:
 		return false
 	default:
 		return true
--- a/adapter/tailscale.go
+++ b/adapter/tailscale.go
@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
-package adapter
-
-import "context"
-
-type TailscaleEndpoint interface {
-	SubscribeTailscaleStatus(ctx context.Context, fn func(*TailscaleEndpointStatus)) error
-	StartTailscalePing(ctx context.Context, peerIP string, fn func(*TailscalePingResult)) error
-}
-
-type TailscalePingResult struct {
-	LatencyMs      float64
-	IsDirect       bool
-	Endpoint       string
-	DERPRegionID   int32
-	DERPRegionCode string
-	Error          string
-}
-
-type TailscaleEndpointStatus struct {
-	BackendState   string
-	AuthURL        string
-	NetworkName    string
-	MagicDNSSuffix string
-	Self           *TailscalePeer
-	UserGroups     []*TailscaleUserGroup
-}
-
-type TailscaleUserGroup struct {
-	UserID        int64
-	LoginName     string
-	DisplayName   string
-	ProfilePicURL string
-	Peers         []*TailscalePeer
-}
-
-type TailscalePeer struct {
-	HostName       string
-	DNSName        string
-	OS             string
-	TailscaleIPs   []string
-	Online         bool
-	ExitNode       bool
-	ExitNodeOption bool
-	Active         bool
-	RxBytes        int64
-	TxBytes        int64
-	UserID         int64
-	KeyExpiry      int64
-}
--- a/box.go
+++ b/box.go
@@ -9,21 +9,19 @@ import (
 	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	boxCertificate "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/certificate"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/endpoint"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/inbound"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/outbound"
 	boxService "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/service"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/certificate"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/dialer"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/httpclient"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/taskmonitor"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport/local"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/cachefile"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/deprecated"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/protocol/direct"
@@ -39,22 +37,20 @@ import (
 var _ adapter.SimpleLifecycle = (*Box)(nil)

 type Box struct {
-	createdAt           time.Time
-	logFactory          log.Factory
-	logger              log.ContextLogger
-	network             *route.NetworkManager
-	endpoint            *endpoint.Manager
-	inbound             *inbound.Manager
-	outbound            *outbound.Manager
-	service             *boxService.Manager
-	certificateProvider *boxCertificate.Manager
-	dnsTransport        *dns.TransportManager
-	dnsRouter           *dns.Router
-	connection          *route.ConnectionManager
-	router              *route.Router
-	httpClientService   adapter.LifecycleService
-	internalService     []adapter.LifecycleService
-	done                chan struct{}
+	createdAt       time.Time
+	logFactory      log.Factory
+	logger          log.ContextLogger
+	network         *route.NetworkManager
+	endpoint        *endpoint.Manager
+	inbound         *inbound.Manager
+	outbound        *outbound.Manager
+	service         *boxService.Manager
+	dnsTransport    *dns.TransportManager
+	dnsRouter       *dns.Router
+	connection      *route.ConnectionManager
+	router          *route.Router
+	internalService []adapter.LifecycleService
+	done            chan struct{}
 }

 type Options struct {
@@ -70,7 +66,6 @@ func Context(
 	endpointRegistry adapter.EndpointRegistry,
 	dnsTransportRegistry adapter.DNSTransportRegistry,
 	serviceRegistry adapter.ServiceRegistry,
-	certificateProviderRegistry adapter.CertificateProviderRegistry,
 ) context.Context {
 	if service.FromContext[option.InboundOptionsRegistry](ctx) == nil ||
 		service.FromContext[adapter.InboundRegistry](ctx) == nil {
@@ -95,10 +90,6 @@ func Context(
 		ctx = service.ContextWith[option.ServiceOptionsRegistry](ctx, serviceRegistry)
 		ctx = service.ContextWith[adapter.ServiceRegistry](ctx, serviceRegistry)
 	}
-	if service.FromContext[adapter.CertificateProviderRegistry](ctx) == nil {
-		ctx = service.ContextWith[option.CertificateProviderOptionsRegistry](ctx, certificateProviderRegistry)
-		ctx = service.ContextWith[adapter.CertificateProviderRegistry](ctx, certificateProviderRegistry)
-	}
 	return ctx
 }

@@ -115,7 +106,6 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 	outboundRegistry := service.FromContext[adapter.OutboundRegistry](ctx)
 	dnsTransportRegistry := service.FromContext[adapter.DNSTransportRegistry](ctx)
 	serviceRegistry := service.FromContext[adapter.ServiceRegistry](ctx)
-	certificateProviderRegistry := service.FromContext[adapter.CertificateProviderRegistry](ctx)

 	if endpointRegistry == nil {
 		return nil, E.New("missing endpoint registry in context")
@@ -132,9 +122,6 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 	if serviceRegistry == nil {
 		return nil, E.New("missing service registry in context")
 	}
-	if certificateProviderRegistry == nil {
-		return nil, E.New("missing certificate provider registry in context")
-	}

 	ctx = pause.WithDefaultManager(ctx)
 	experimentalOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Experimental)
@@ -172,7 +159,6 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 	}

 	var internalServices []adapter.LifecycleService
-	routeOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Route)
 	certificateOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Certificate)
 	if C.IsAndroid || certificateOptions.Store != "" && certificateOptions.Store != C.CertificateStoreSystem ||
 		len(certificateOptions.Certificate) > 0 ||
@@ -185,25 +171,21 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 		service.MustRegister[adapter.CertificateStore](ctx, certificateStore)
 		internalServices = append(internalServices, certificateStore)
 	}
+
+	routeOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Route)
 	dnsOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.DNS)
 	endpointManager := endpoint.NewManager(logFactory.NewLogger("endpoint"), endpointRegistry)
 	inboundManager := inbound.NewManager(logFactory.NewLogger("inbound"), inboundRegistry, endpointManager)
 	outboundManager := outbound.NewManager(logFactory.NewLogger("outbound"), outboundRegistry, endpointManager, routeOptions.Final)
 	dnsTransportManager := dns.NewTransportManager(logFactory.NewLogger("dns/transport"), dnsTransportRegistry, outboundManager, dnsOptions.Final)
 	serviceManager := boxService.NewManager(logFactory.NewLogger("service"), serviceRegistry)
-	certificateProviderManager := boxCertificate.NewManager(logFactory.NewLogger("certificate-provider"), certificateProviderRegistry)
 	service.MustRegister[adapter.EndpointManager](ctx, endpointManager)
 	service.MustRegister[adapter.InboundManager](ctx, inboundManager)
 	service.MustRegister[adapter.OutboundManager](ctx, outboundManager)
 	service.MustRegister[adapter.DNSTransportManager](ctx, dnsTransportManager)
 	service.MustRegister[adapter.ServiceManager](ctx, serviceManager)
-	service.MustRegister[adapter.CertificateProviderManager](ctx, certificateProviderManager)
-	dnsRouter, err := dns.NewRouter(ctx, logFactory, dnsOptions)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize DNS router")
-	}
+	dnsRouter := dns.NewRouter(ctx, logFactory, dnsOptions)
 	service.MustRegister[adapter.DNSRouter](ctx, dnsRouter)
-	service.MustRegister[adapter.DNSRuleSetUpdateValidator](ctx, dnsRouter)
 	networkManager, err := route.NewNetworkManager(ctx, logFactory.NewLogger("network"), routeOptions, dnsOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize network manager")
@@ -211,10 +193,6 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 	service.MustRegister[adapter.NetworkManager](ctx, networkManager)
 	connectionManager := route.NewConnectionManager(logFactory.NewLogger("connection"))
 	service.MustRegister[adapter.ConnectionManager](ctx, connectionManager)
-	// Must register after ConnectionManager: the Apple HTTP engine's proxy bridge reads it from the context when Manager.Start resolves the default client.
-	httpClientManager := httpclient.NewManager(ctx, logFactory.NewLogger("httpclient"), options.HTTPClients, routeOptions.DefaultHTTPClient)
-	service.MustRegister[adapter.HTTPClientManager](ctx, httpClientManager)
-	httpClientService := adapter.LifecycleService(httpClientManager)
 	router := route.NewRouter(ctx, logFactory, routeOptions, dnsOptions)
 	service.MustRegister[adapter.Router](ctx, router)
 	err = router.Initialize(routeOptions.Rules, routeOptions.RuleSet)
@@ -294,24 +272,6 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 			return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize inbound[", i, "]")
 		}
 	}
-	for i, serviceOptions := range options.Services {
-		var tag string
-		if serviceOptions.Tag != "" {
-			tag = serviceOptions.Tag
-		} else {
-			tag = F.ToString(i)
-		}
-		err = serviceManager.Create(
-			ctx,
-			logFactory.NewLogger(F.ToString("service/", serviceOptions.Type, "[", tag, "]")),
-			tag,
-			serviceOptions.Type,
-			serviceOptions.Options,
-		)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize service[", i, "]")
-		}
-	}
 	for i, outboundOptions := range options.Outbounds {
 		var tag string
 		if outboundOptions.Tag != "" {
@@ -338,22 +298,22 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 			return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize outbound[", i, "]")
 		}
 	}
-	for i, certificateProviderOptions := range options.CertificateProviders {
+	for i, serviceOptions := range options.Services {
 		var tag string
-		if certificateProviderOptions.Tag != "" {
-			tag = certificateProviderOptions.Tag
+		if serviceOptions.Tag != "" {
+			tag = serviceOptions.Tag
 		} else {
 			tag = F.ToString(i)
 		}
-		err = certificateProviderManager.Create(
+		err = serviceManager.Create(
 			ctx,
-			logFactory.NewLogger(F.ToString("certificate-provider/", certificateProviderOptions.Type, "[", tag, "]")),
+			logFactory.NewLogger(F.ToString("service/", serviceOptions.Type, "[", tag, "]")),
 			tag,
-			certificateProviderOptions.Type,
-			certificateProviderOptions.Options,
+			serviceOptions.Type,
+			serviceOptions.Options,
 		)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize certificate provider[", i, "]")
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize service[", i, "]")
 		}
 	}
 	outboundManager.Initialize(func() (adapter.Outbound, error) {
@@ -366,20 +326,13 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 		)
 	})
 	dnsTransportManager.Initialize(func() (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
-		return dnsTransportRegistry.CreateDNSTransport(
+		return local.NewTransport(
 			ctx,
 			logFactory.NewLogger("dns/local"),
 			"local",
-			C.DNSTypeLocal,
-			&option.LocalDNSServerOptions{},
+			option.LocalDNSServerOptions{},
 		)
 	})
-	httpClientManager.Initialize(func() (*httpclient.Transport, error) {
-		deprecated.Report(ctx, deprecated.OptionImplicitDefaultHTTPClient)
-		var httpClientOptions option.HTTPClientOptions
-		httpClientOptions.DefaultOutbound = true
-		return httpclient.NewTransport(ctx, logFactory.NewLogger("httpclient"), "", httpClientOptions)
-	})
 	if platformInterface != nil {
 		err = platformInterface.Initialize(networkManager)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -387,7 +340,7 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 		}
 	}
 	if needCacheFile {
-		cacheFile := cachefile.New(ctx, logFactory.NewLogger("cache-file"), common.PtrValueOrDefault(experimentalOptions.CacheFile))
+		cacheFile := cachefile.New(ctx, common.PtrValueOrDefault(experimentalOptions.CacheFile))
 		service.MustRegister[adapter.CacheFile](ctx, cacheFile)
 		internalServices = append(internalServices, cacheFile)
 	}
@@ -430,22 +383,20 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 		internalServices = append(internalServices, adapter.NewLifecycleService(ntpService, "ntp service"))
 	}
 	return &Box{
-		network:             networkManager,
-		endpoint:            endpointManager,
-		inbound:             inboundManager,
-		outbound:            outboundManager,
-		dnsTransport:        dnsTransportManager,
-		service:             serviceManager,
-		certificateProvider: certificateProviderManager,
-		dnsRouter:           dnsRouter,
-		connection:          connectionManager,
-		router:              router,
-		httpClientService:   httpClientService,
-		createdAt:           createdAt,
-		logFactory:          logFactory,
-		logger:              logFactory.Logger(),
-		internalService:     internalServices,
-		done:                make(chan struct{}),
+		network:         networkManager,
+		endpoint:        endpointManager,
+		inbound:         inboundManager,
+		outbound:        outboundManager,
+		dnsTransport:    dnsTransportManager,
+		service:         serviceManager,
+		dnsRouter:       dnsRouter,
+		connection:      connectionManager,
+		router:          router,
+		createdAt:       createdAt,
+		logFactory:      logFactory,
+		logger:          logFactory.Logger(),
+		internalService: internalServices,
+		done:            make(chan struct{}),
 	}, nil
 }

@@ -499,19 +450,11 @@ func (s *Box) preStart() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateInitialize, s.network, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.connection, s.router, s.outbound, s.inbound, s.endpoint, s.service, s.certificateProvider)
+	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateInitialize, s.network, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.connection, s.router, s.outbound, s.inbound, s.endpoint, s.service)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStart, s.outbound, s.dnsTransport, s.network, s.connection)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = adapter.StartNamed(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStart, []adapter.LifecycleService{s.httpClientService})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStart, s.router, s.dnsRouter)
+	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStart, s.outbound, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.network, s.connection, s.router)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -527,19 +470,11 @@ func (s *Box) start() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStart, s.endpoint)
+	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStart, s.inbound, s.endpoint, s.service)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStart, s.certificateProvider)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStart, s.inbound, s.service)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStatePostStart, s.outbound, s.network, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.connection, s.router, s.endpoint, s.certificateProvider, s.inbound, s.service)
+	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStatePostStart, s.outbound, s.network, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.connection, s.router, s.inbound, s.endpoint, s.service)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -547,7 +482,7 @@ func (s *Box) start() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStarted, s.network, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.connection, s.router, s.outbound, s.endpoint, s.certificateProvider, s.inbound, s.service)
+	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStarted, s.network, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.connection, s.router, s.outbound, s.inbound, s.endpoint, s.service)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -571,9 +506,8 @@ func (s *Box) Close() error {
 		service adapter.Lifecycle
 	}{
 		{"service", s.service},
-		{"inbound", s.inbound},
-		{"certificate-provider", s.certificateProvider},
 		{"endpoint", s.endpoint},
+		{"inbound", s.inbound},
 		{"outbound", s.outbound},
 		{"router", s.router},
 		{"connection", s.connection},
@@ -588,14 +522,6 @@ func (s *Box) Close() error {
 		})
 		s.logger.Trace("close ", closeItem.name, " completed (", F.Seconds(time.Since(startTime).Seconds()), "s)")
 	}
-	if s.httpClientService != nil {
-		s.logger.Trace("close ", s.httpClientService.Name())
-		startTime := time.Now()
-		err = E.Append(err, s.httpClientService.Close(), func(err error) error {
-			return E.Cause(err, "close ", s.httpClientService.Name())
-		})
-		s.logger.Trace("close ", s.httpClientService.Name(), " completed (", F.Seconds(time.Since(startTime).Seconds()), "s)")
-	}
 	for _, lifecycleService := range s.internalService {
 		s.logger.Trace("close ", lifecycleService.Name())
 		startTime := time.Now()
@@ -629,10 +555,6 @@ func (s *Box) Outbound() adapter.OutboundManager {
 	return s.outbound
 }

-func (s *Box) Endpoint() adapter.EndpointManager {
-	return s.endpoint
-}
-
 func (s *Box) LogFactory() log.Factory {
 	return s.logFactory
 }
--- a/clients/android
+++ b/clients/android
--- a/clients/apple
+++ b/clients/apple
--- a/cmd/internal/build_libbox/main.go
+++ b/cmd/internal/build_libbox/main.go
@@ -204,9 +204,6 @@ func buildApple() {
 		"-target", bindTarget,
 		"-libname=box",
 		"-tags-not-macos=with_low_memory",
-		"-iosversion=15.0",
-		"-macosversion=13.0",
-		"-tvosversion=17.0",
 	}
 	//if !withTailscale {
 	//	args = append(args, "-tags-macos="+strings.Join(memcTags, ","))
--- a/cmd/internal/update_certificates/main.go
+++ b/cmd/internal/update_certificates/main.go
@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
@@ -36,9 +35,21 @@ func updateMozillaIncludedRootCAs() error {
 		return err
 	}
 	geoIndex := slices.Index(header, "Geographic Focus")
+	nameIndex := slices.Index(header, "Common Name or Certificate Name")
 	certIndex := slices.Index(header, "PEM Info")

-	pemBundle := strings.Builder{}
+	generated := strings.Builder{}
+	generated.WriteString(`// Code generated by 'make update_certificates'. DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package certificate
+
+import "crypto/x509"
+
+var mozillaIncluded *x509.CertPool
+
+func init() {
+	mozillaIncluded = x509.NewCertPool()
+`)
 	for {
 		record, err := reader.Read()
 		if err == io.EOF {
@@ -49,12 +60,18 @@ func updateMozillaIncludedRootCAs() error {
 		if record[geoIndex] == "China" {
 			continue
 		}
+		generated.WriteString("\n	// ")
+		generated.WriteString(record[nameIndex])
+		generated.WriteString("\n")
+		generated.WriteString("	mozillaIncluded.AppendCertsFromPEM([]byte(`")
 		cert := record[certIndex]
+		// Remove single quotes
 		cert = cert[1 : len(cert)-1]
-		pemBundle.WriteString(cert)
-		pemBundle.WriteString("\n")
+		generated.WriteString(cert)
+		generated.WriteString("`))\n")
 	}
-	return writeGeneratedCertificateBundle("mozilla", "mozillaIncluded", pemBundle.String())
+	generated.WriteString("}\n")
+	return os.WriteFile("common/certificate/mozilla.go", []byte(generated.String()), 0o644)
 }

 func fetchChinaFingerprints() (map[string]bool, error) {
@@ -102,11 +119,23 @@ func updateChromeIncludedRootCAs() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	subjectIndex := slices.Index(header, "Subject")
 	statusIndex := slices.Index(header, "Google Chrome Status")
 	certIndex := slices.Index(header, "X.509 Certificate (PEM)")
 	fingerprintIndex := slices.Index(header, "SHA-256 Fingerprint")

-	pemBundle := strings.Builder{}
+	generated := strings.Builder{}
+	generated.WriteString(`// Code generated by 'make update_certificates'. DO NOT EDIT.
+
+package certificate
+
+import "crypto/x509"
+
+var chromeIncluded *x509.CertPool
+
+func init() {
+	chromeIncluded = x509.NewCertPool()
+`)
 	for {
 		record, err := reader.Read()
 		if err == io.EOF {
@@ -120,39 +149,18 @@ func updateChromeIncludedRootCAs() error {
 		if chinaFingerprints[record[fingerprintIndex]] {
 			continue
 		}
+		generated.WriteString("\n	// ")
+		generated.WriteString(record[subjectIndex])
+		generated.WriteString("\n")
+		generated.WriteString("	chromeIncluded.AppendCertsFromPEM([]byte(`")
 		cert := record[certIndex]
+		// Remove single quotes if present
 		if len(cert) > 0 && cert[0] == '\'' {
 			cert = cert[1 : len(cert)-1]
 		}
-		pemBundle.WriteString(cert)
-		pemBundle.WriteString("\n")
+		generated.WriteString(cert)
+		generated.WriteString("`))\n")
 	}
-	return writeGeneratedCertificateBundle("chrome", "chromeIncluded", pemBundle.String())
-}
-
-func writeGeneratedCertificateBundle(name string, variableName string, pemBundle string) error {
-	goSource := `// Code generated by 'make update_certificates'. DO NOT EDIT.
-
-package certificate
-
-import (
-	"crypto/x509"
-	_ "embed"
-)
-
-//go:embed ` + name + `.pem
-var ` + variableName + `PEM string
-
-var ` + variableName + ` *x509.CertPool
-
-func init() {
-	` + variableName + ` = x509.NewCertPool()
-	` + variableName + `.AppendCertsFromPEM([]byte(` + variableName + `PEM))
-}
-`
-	err := os.WriteFile(filepath.Join("common/certificate", name+".pem"), []byte(pemBundle), 0o644)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	return os.WriteFile(filepath.Join("common/certificate", name+".go"), []byte(goSource), 0o644)
+	generated.WriteString("}\n")
+	return os.WriteFile("common/certificate/chrome.go", []byte(generated.String()), 0o644)
 }
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_compile.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_compile.go
@@ -82,11 +82,6 @@ func compileRuleSet(sourcePath string) error {
 }

 func downgradeRuleSetVersion(version uint8, options option.PlainRuleSet) uint8 {
-	if version == C.RuleSetVersion5 && !rule.HasHeadlessRule(options.Rules, func(rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule) bool {
-		return len(rule.PackageNameRegex) > 0
-	}) {
-		version = C.RuleSetVersion4
-	}
 	if version == C.RuleSetVersion4 && !rule.HasHeadlessRule(options.Rules, func(rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule) bool {
 		return rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress != nil && rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Size() > 0 ||
 			len(rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress) > 0
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_networkquality.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_networkquality.go
@@ -1,121 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/networkquality"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-var (
-	commandNetworkQualityFlagConfigURL  string
-	commandNetworkQualityFlagSerial     bool
-	commandNetworkQualityFlagMaxRuntime int
-	commandNetworkQualityFlagHTTP3      bool
-)
-
-var commandNetworkQuality = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "networkquality",
-	Short: "Run a network quality test",
-	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		err := runNetworkQuality()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal(err)
-		}
-	},
-}
-
-func init() {
-	commandNetworkQuality.Flags().StringVar(
-		&commandNetworkQualityFlagConfigURL,
-		"config-url", "",
-		"Network quality test config URL (default: Apple mensura)",
-	)
-	commandNetworkQuality.Flags().BoolVar(
-		&commandNetworkQualityFlagSerial,
-		"serial", false,
-		"Run download and upload tests sequentially instead of in parallel",
-	)
-	commandNetworkQuality.Flags().IntVar(
-		&commandNetworkQualityFlagMaxRuntime,
-		"max-runtime", int(networkquality.DefaultMaxRuntime/time.Second),
-		"Network quality maximum runtime in seconds",
-	)
-	commandNetworkQuality.Flags().BoolVar(
-		&commandNetworkQualityFlagHTTP3,
-		"http3", false,
-		"Use HTTP/3 (QUIC) for measurement traffic",
-	)
-	commandTools.AddCommand(commandNetworkQuality)
-}
-
-func runNetworkQuality() error {
-	instance, err := createPreStartedClient()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer instance.Close()
-
-	dialer, err := createDialer(instance, commandToolsFlagOutbound)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	httpClient := networkquality.NewHTTPClient(dialer)
-	defer httpClient.CloseIdleConnections()
-
-	measurementClientFactory, err := networkquality.NewOptionalHTTP3Factory(dialer, commandNetworkQualityFlagHTTP3)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "==== NETWORK QUALITY TEST ====")
-
-	result, err := networkquality.Run(networkquality.Options{
-		ConfigURL:            commandNetworkQualityFlagConfigURL,
-		HTTPClient:           httpClient,
-		NewMeasurementClient: measurementClientFactory,
-		Serial:               commandNetworkQualityFlagSerial,
-		MaxRuntime:           time.Duration(commandNetworkQualityFlagMaxRuntime) * time.Second,
-		Context:              globalCtx,
-		OnProgress: func(p networkquality.Progress) {
-			if !commandNetworkQualityFlagSerial && p.Phase != networkquality.PhaseIdle {
-				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\rDownload: %s  RPM: %d  Upload: %s  RPM: %d",
-					networkquality.FormatBitrate(p.DownloadCapacity), p.DownloadRPM,
-					networkquality.FormatBitrate(p.UploadCapacity), p.UploadRPM)
-				return
-			}
-			switch networkquality.Phase(p.Phase) {
-			case networkquality.PhaseIdle:
-				if p.IdleLatencyMs > 0 {
-					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\rIdle Latency: %d ms", p.IdleLatencyMs)
-				} else {
-					fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "\rMeasuring idle latency...")
-				}
-			case networkquality.PhaseDownload:
-				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\rDownload: %s  RPM: %d",
-					networkquality.FormatBitrate(p.DownloadCapacity), p.DownloadRPM)
-			case networkquality.PhaseUpload:
-				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\rUpload: %s  RPM: %d",
-					networkquality.FormatBitrate(p.UploadCapacity), p.UploadRPM)
-			}
-		},
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr)
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, strings.Repeat("-", 40))
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Idle Latency:            %d ms\n", result.IdleLatencyMs)
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Download Capacity:       %-20s Accuracy: %s\n", networkquality.FormatBitrate(result.DownloadCapacity), result.DownloadCapacityAccuracy)
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Upload Capacity:         %-20s Accuracy: %s\n", networkquality.FormatBitrate(result.UploadCapacity), result.UploadCapacityAccuracy)
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Download Responsiveness: %-20s Accuracy: %s\n", fmt.Sprintf("%d RPM", result.DownloadRPM), result.DownloadRPMAccuracy)
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Upload Responsiveness:   %-20s Accuracy: %s\n", fmt.Sprintf("%d RPM", result.UploadRPM), result.UploadRPMAccuracy)
-	return nil
-}
--- a/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_stun.go
+++ b/cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_stun.go
@@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
-package main
-
-import (
-	"fmt"
-	"os"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/stun"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-
-	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
-)
-
-var commandSTUNFlagServer string
-
-var commandSTUN = &cobra.Command{
-	Use:   "stun",
-	Short: "Run a STUN test",
-	Args:  cobra.NoArgs,
-	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
-		err := runSTUN()
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Fatal(err)
-		}
-	},
-}
-
-func init() {
-	commandSTUN.Flags().StringVarP(&commandSTUNFlagServer, "server", "s", stun.DefaultServer, "STUN server address")
-	commandTools.AddCommand(commandSTUN)
-}
-
-func runSTUN() error {
-	instance, err := createPreStartedClient()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	defer instance.Close()
-
-	dialer, err := createDialer(instance, commandToolsFlagOutbound)
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "==== STUN TEST ====")
-
-	result, err := stun.Run(stun.Options{
-		Server:  commandSTUNFlagServer,
-		Dialer:  dialer,
-		Context: globalCtx,
-		OnProgress: func(p stun.Progress) {
-			switch p.Phase {
-			case stun.PhaseBinding:
-				if p.ExternalAddr != "" {
-					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\rExternal Address: %s (%d ms)", p.ExternalAddr, p.LatencyMs)
-				} else {
-					fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "\rSending binding request...")
-				}
-			case stun.PhaseNATMapping:
-				fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "\rDetecting NAT mapping behavior...")
-			case stun.PhaseNATFiltering:
-				fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "\rDetecting NAT filtering behavior...")
-			}
-		},
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-
-	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr)
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "External Address: %s\n", result.ExternalAddr)
-	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Latency:          %d ms\n", result.LatencyMs)
-	if result.NATTypeSupported {
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "NAT Mapping:      %s\n", result.NATMapping)
-		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "NAT Filtering:    %s\n", result.NATFiltering)
-	} else {
-		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "NAT Type Detection: not supported by server")
-	}
-	return nil
-}
--- a/common/certificate/chrome.go
+++ b/common/certificate/chrome.go
--- a/common/certificate/chrome.pem
+++ b/common/certificate/chrome.pem
--- a/common/certificate/mozilla.go
+++ b/common/certificate/mozilla.go
--- a/common/certificate/mozilla.pem
+++ b/common/certificate/mozilla.pem
--- a/common/certificate/store.go
+++ b/common/certificate/store.go
@@ -22,10 +22,8 @@ var _ adapter.CertificateStore = (*Store)(nil)

 type Store struct {
 	access                    sync.RWMutex
-	store                     string
 	systemPool                *x509.CertPool
 	currentPool               *x509.CertPool
-	currentPEM                []string
 	certificate               string
 	certificatePaths          []string
 	certificateDirectoryPaths []string
@@ -63,7 +61,6 @@ func NewStore(ctx context.Context, logger logger.Logger, options option.Certific
 		return nil, E.New("unknown certificate store: ", options.Store)
 	}
 	store := &Store{
-		store:                     options.Store,
 		systemPool:                systemPool,
 		certificate:               strings.Join(options.Certificate, "\n"),
 		certificatePaths:          options.CertificatePath,
@@ -126,37 +123,19 @@ func (s *Store) Pool() *x509.CertPool {
 	return s.currentPool
 }

-func (s *Store) StoreKind() string {
-	return s.store
-}
-
-func (s *Store) CurrentPEM() []string {
-	s.access.RLock()
-	defer s.access.RUnlock()
-	return append([]string(nil), s.currentPEM...)
-}
-
 func (s *Store) update() error {
 	s.access.Lock()
 	defer s.access.Unlock()
 	var currentPool *x509.CertPool
-	var currentPEM []string
 	if s.systemPool == nil {
 		currentPool = x509.NewCertPool()
 	} else {
 		currentPool = s.systemPool.Clone()
 	}
-	switch s.store {
-	case C.CertificateStoreMozilla:
-		currentPEM = append(currentPEM, mozillaIncludedPEM)
-	case C.CertificateStoreChrome:
-		currentPEM = append(currentPEM, chromeIncludedPEM)
-	}
 	if s.certificate != "" {
 		if !currentPool.AppendCertsFromPEM([]byte(s.certificate)) {
 			return E.New("invalid certificate PEM strings")
 		}
-		currentPEM = append(currentPEM, s.certificate)
 	}
 	for _, path := range s.certificatePaths {
 		pemContent, err := os.ReadFile(path)
@@ -166,7 +145,6 @@ func (s *Store) update() error {
 		if !currentPool.AppendCertsFromPEM(pemContent) {
 			return E.New("invalid certificate PEM file: ", path)
 		}
-		currentPEM = append(currentPEM, string(pemContent))
 	}
 	var firstErr error
 	for _, directoryPath := range s.certificateDirectoryPaths {
@@ -179,8 +157,8 @@ func (s *Store) update() error {
 		}
 		for _, directoryEntry := range directoryEntries {
 			pemContent, err := os.ReadFile(filepath.Join(directoryPath, directoryEntry.Name()))
-			if err == nil && currentPool.AppendCertsFromPEM(pemContent) {
-				currentPEM = append(currentPEM, string(pemContent))
+			if err == nil {
+				currentPool.AppendCertsFromPEM(pemContent)
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -188,7 +166,6 @@ func (s *Store) update() error {
 		return firstErr
 	}
 	s.currentPool = currentPool
-	s.currentPEM = currentPEM
 	return nil
 }

--- a/common/dialer/default.go
+++ b/common/dialer/default.go
@@ -149,10 +149,7 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 	} else {
 		dialer.Timeout = C.TCPConnectTimeout
 	}
-	if options.DisableTCPKeepAlive {
-		dialer.KeepAlive = -1
-		dialer.KeepAliveConfig.Enable = false
-	} else {
+	if !options.DisableTCPKeepAlive {
 		keepIdle := time.Duration(options.TCPKeepAlive)
 		if keepIdle == 0 {
 			keepIdle = C.TCPKeepAliveInitial
@@ -242,7 +239,7 @@ func setMarkWrapper(networkManager adapter.NetworkManager, mark uint32, isDefaul
 func (d *DefaultDialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, address M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {
 	if !address.IsValid() {
 		return nil, E.New("invalid address")
-	} else if address.IsDomain() {
+	} else if address.IsFqdn() {
 		return nil, E.New("domain not resolved")
 	}
 	if d.networkStrategy == nil {
@@ -332,9 +329,9 @@ func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksadd

 func (d *DefaultDialer) DialerForICMPDestination(destination netip.Addr) net.Dialer {
 	if !destination.Is6() {
-		return d.dialer4.Dialer
-	} else {
 		return d.dialer6.Dialer
+	} else {
+		return d.dialer4.Dialer
 	}
 }

--- a/common/dialer/detour.go
+++ b/common/dialer/detour.go
@@ -19,7 +19,6 @@ type DirectDialer interface {
 type DetourDialer struct {
 	outboundManager adapter.OutboundManager
 	detour          string
-	defaultOutbound bool
 	legacyDNSDialer bool
 	dialer          N.Dialer
 	initOnce        sync.Once
@@ -34,13 +33,6 @@ func NewDetour(outboundManager adapter.OutboundManager, detour string, legacyDNS
 	}
 }

-func NewDefaultOutboundDetour(outboundManager adapter.OutboundManager) N.Dialer {
-	return &DetourDialer{
-		outboundManager: outboundManager,
-		defaultOutbound: true,
-	}
-}
-
 func InitializeDetour(dialer N.Dialer) error {
 	detourDialer, isDetour := common.Cast[*DetourDialer](dialer)
 	if !isDetour {
@@ -55,18 +47,12 @@ func (d *DetourDialer) Dialer() (N.Dialer, error) {
 }

 func (d *DetourDialer) init() {
-	var dialer adapter.Outbound
-	if d.detour != "" {
-		var loaded bool
-		dialer, loaded = d.outboundManager.Outbound(d.detour)
-		if !loaded {
-			d.initErr = E.New("outbound detour not found: ", d.detour)
-			return
-		}
-	} else {
-		dialer = d.outboundManager.Default()
+	dialer, loaded := d.outboundManager.Outbound(d.detour)
+	if !loaded {
+		d.initErr = E.New("outbound detour not found: ", d.detour)
+		return
 	}
-	if !d.defaultOutbound && !d.legacyDNSDialer {
+	if !d.legacyDNSDialer {
 		if directDialer, isDirect := dialer.(DirectDialer); isDirect {
 			if directDialer.IsEmpty() {
 				d.initErr = E.New("detour to an empty direct outbound makes no sense")
--- a/common/dialer/dialer.go
+++ b/common/dialer/dialer.go
@@ -25,7 +25,6 @@ type Options struct {
 	NewDialer        bool
 	LegacyDNSDialer  bool
 	DirectOutbound   bool
-	DefaultOutbound  bool
 }

 // TODO: merge with NewWithOptions
@@ -43,26 +42,19 @@ func NewWithOptions(options Options) (N.Dialer, error) {
 		dialer N.Dialer
 		err    error
 	)
-	hasDetour := dialOptions.Detour != "" || options.DefaultOutbound
 	if dialOptions.Detour != "" {
 		outboundManager := service.FromContext[adapter.OutboundManager](options.Context)
 		if outboundManager == nil {
 			return nil, E.New("missing outbound manager")
 		}
 		dialer = NewDetour(outboundManager, dialOptions.Detour, options.LegacyDNSDialer)
-	} else if options.DefaultOutbound {
-		outboundManager := service.FromContext[adapter.OutboundManager](options.Context)
-		if outboundManager == nil {
-			return nil, E.New("missing outbound manager")
-		}
-		dialer = NewDefaultOutboundDetour(outboundManager)
 	} else {
 		dialer, err = NewDefault(options.Context, dialOptions)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
-	if options.RemoteIsDomain && (!hasDetour || options.ResolverOnDetour || dialOptions.DomainResolver != nil && dialOptions.DomainResolver.Server != "") {
+	if options.RemoteIsDomain && (dialOptions.Detour == "" || options.ResolverOnDetour || dialOptions.DomainResolver != nil && dialOptions.DomainResolver.Server != "") {
 		networkManager := service.FromContext[adapter.NetworkManager](options.Context)
 		dnsTransport := service.FromContext[adapter.DNSTransportManager](options.Context)
 		var defaultOptions adapter.NetworkOptions
@@ -95,12 +87,11 @@ func NewWithOptions(options Options) (N.Dialer, error) {
 			}
 			server = dialOptions.DomainResolver.Server
 			dnsQueryOptions = adapter.DNSQueryOptions{
-				Transport:              transport,
-				Strategy:               strategy,
-				DisableCache:           dialOptions.DomainResolver.DisableCache,
-				DisableOptimisticCache: dialOptions.DomainResolver.DisableOptimisticCache,
-				RewriteTTL:             dialOptions.DomainResolver.RewriteTTL,
-				ClientSubnet:           dialOptions.DomainResolver.ClientSubnet.Build(netip.Prefix{}),
+				Transport:    transport,
+				Strategy:     strategy,
+				DisableCache: dialOptions.DomainResolver.DisableCache,
+				RewriteTTL:   dialOptions.DomainResolver.RewriteTTL,
+				ClientSubnet: dialOptions.DomainResolver.ClientSubnet.Build(netip.Prefix{}),
 			}
 			resolveFallbackDelay = time.Duration(dialOptions.FallbackDelay)
 		} else if options.DirectResolver {
@@ -154,7 +145,3 @@ type ParallelNetworkDialer interface {
 	DialParallelNetwork(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.Conn, error)
 	ListenSerialNetworkPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, netip.Addr, error)
 }
-
-type PacketDialerWithDestination interface {
-	ListenPacketWithDestination(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, netip.Addr, error)
-}
--- a/common/dialer/resolve.go
+++ b/common/dialer/resolve.go
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func (d *resolveDialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destina
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if !destination.IsDomain() {
+	if !destination.IsFqdn() {
 		return d.dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, destination)
 	}
 	ctx = log.ContextWithOverrideLevel(ctx, log.LevelDebug)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ func (d *resolveDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksadd
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if !destination.IsDomain() {
+	if !destination.IsFqdn() {
 		return d.dialer.ListenPacket(ctx, destination)
 	}
 	ctx = log.ContextWithOverrideLevel(ctx, log.LevelDebug)
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func (d *resolveParallelNetworkDialer) DialParallelInterface(ctx context.Context
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if !destination.IsDomain() {
+	if !destination.IsFqdn() {
 		return d.dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, destination)
 	}
 	ctx = log.ContextWithOverrideLevel(ctx, log.LevelDebug)
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ func (d *resolveParallelNetworkDialer) ListenSerialInterfacePacket(ctx context.C
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if !destination.IsDomain() {
+	if !destination.IsFqdn() {
 		return d.dialer.ListenPacket(ctx, destination)
 	}
 	ctx = log.ContextWithOverrideLevel(ctx, log.LevelDebug)
--- a/common/httpclient/apple_transport_darwin.go
+++ b/common/httpclient/apple_transport_darwin.go
@@ -1,456 +0,0 @@
-//go:build darwin && cgo
-
-package httpclient
-
-/*
-#cgo CFLAGS: -x objective-c -fobjc-arc
-#cgo LDFLAGS: -framework Foundation -framework Security
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include "apple_transport_darwin.h"
-*/
-import "C"
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"crypto/sha256"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"time"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/proxybridge"
-	boxTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
-)
-
-const applePinnedHashSize = sha256.Size
-
-func verifyApplePinnedPublicKeySHA256(flatHashes []byte, leafCertificate []byte) error {
-	if len(flatHashes)%applePinnedHashSize != 0 {
-		return E.New("invalid pinned public key list")
-	}
-	knownHashes := make([][]byte, 0, len(flatHashes)/applePinnedHashSize)
-	for offset := 0; offset < len(flatHashes); offset += applePinnedHashSize {
-		knownHashes = append(knownHashes, append([]byte(nil), flatHashes[offset:offset+applePinnedHashSize]...))
-	}
-	return boxTLS.VerifyPublicKeySHA256(knownHashes, [][]byte{leafCertificate})
-}
-
-//export box_apple_http_verify_public_key_sha256
-func box_apple_http_verify_public_key_sha256(knownHashValues *C.uint8_t, knownHashValuesLen C.size_t, leafCert *C.uint8_t, leafCertLen C.size_t) *C.char {
-	flatHashes := C.GoBytes(unsafe.Pointer(knownHashValues), C.int(knownHashValuesLen))
-	leafCertificate := C.GoBytes(unsafe.Pointer(leafCert), C.int(leafCertLen))
-	err := verifyApplePinnedPublicKeySHA256(flatHashes, leafCertificate)
-	if err == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return C.CString(err.Error())
-}
-
-type appleSessionConfig struct {
-	serverName             string
-	minVersion             uint16
-	maxVersion             uint16
-	insecure               bool
-	anchorPEM              string
-	anchorOnly             bool
-	pinnedPublicKeySHA256s []byte
-}
-
-type appleTransportShared struct {
-	logger logger.ContextLogger
-	bridge *proxybridge.Bridge
-	config appleSessionConfig
-	timeFunc func() time.Time
-	refs   atomic.Int32
-}
-
-type appleTransport struct {
-	shared  *appleTransportShared
-	access  sync.Mutex
-	session *C.box_apple_http_session_t
-	closed  bool
-}
-
-type errorTransport struct {
-	err error
-}
-
-func newAppleTransport(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, rawDialer N.Dialer, options option.HTTPClientOptions) (adapter.HTTPTransport, error) {
-	sessionConfig, err := newAppleSessionConfig(ctx, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	bridge, err := proxybridge.New(ctx, logger, "apple http proxy", rawDialer)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	shared := &appleTransportShared{
-		logger: logger,
-		bridge: bridge,
-		config: sessionConfig,
-		timeFunc: ntp.TimeFuncFromContext(ctx),
-	}
-	shared.refs.Store(1)
-	session, err := shared.newSession()
-	if err != nil {
-		bridge.Close()
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return &appleTransport{
-		shared:  shared,
-		session: session,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func newAppleSessionConfig(ctx context.Context, options option.HTTPClientOptions) (appleSessionConfig, error) {
-	version := options.Version
-	if version == 0 {
-		version = 2
-	}
-	switch version {
-	case 2:
-	case 1:
-		return appleSessionConfig{}, E.New("HTTP/1.1 is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine")
-	case 3:
-		return appleSessionConfig{}, E.New("HTTP/3 is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine")
-	default:
-		return appleSessionConfig{}, E.New("unknown HTTP version: ", version)
-	}
-	if options.DisableVersionFallback {
-		return appleSessionConfig{}, E.New("disable_version_fallback is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine")
-	}
-	if options.HTTP2Options != (option.HTTP2Options{}) {
-		return appleSessionConfig{}, E.New("HTTP/2 options are unsupported in Apple HTTP engine")
-	}
-	if options.HTTP3Options != (option.QUICOptions{}) {
-		return appleSessionConfig{}, E.New("QUIC options are unsupported in Apple HTTP engine")
-	}
-
-	tlsOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.TLS)
-	if tlsOptions.Engine != "" {
-		return appleSessionConfig{}, E.New("tls.engine is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine")
-	}
-	if len(tlsOptions.ALPN) > 0 {
-		return appleSessionConfig{}, E.New("tls.alpn is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine")
-	}
-	validated, err := boxTLS.ValidateAppleTLSOptions(ctx, tlsOptions, "Apple HTTP engine")
-	if err != nil {
-		return appleSessionConfig{}, err
-	}
-
-	config := appleSessionConfig{
-		serverName: tlsOptions.ServerName,
-		minVersion: validated.MinVersion,
-		maxVersion: validated.MaxVersion,
-		insecure:   tlsOptions.Insecure || len(tlsOptions.CertificatePublicKeySHA256) > 0,
-		anchorPEM:  validated.AnchorPEM,
-		anchorOnly: validated.AnchorOnly,
-	}
-	if len(tlsOptions.CertificatePublicKeySHA256) > 0 {
-		config.pinnedPublicKeySHA256s = make([]byte, 0, len(tlsOptions.CertificatePublicKeySHA256)*applePinnedHashSize)
-		for _, hashValue := range tlsOptions.CertificatePublicKeySHA256 {
-			if len(hashValue) != applePinnedHashSize {
-				return appleSessionConfig{}, E.New("invalid certificate_public_key_sha256 length: ", len(hashValue))
-			}
-			config.pinnedPublicKeySHA256s = append(config.pinnedPublicKeySHA256s, hashValue...)
-		}
-	}
-	return config, nil
-}
-
-func (s *appleTransportShared) retain() {
-	s.refs.Add(1)
-}
-
-func (s *appleTransportShared) release() error {
-	if s.refs.Add(-1) == 0 {
-		return s.bridge.Close()
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (s *appleTransportShared) newSession() (*C.box_apple_http_session_t, error) {
-	cProxyHost := C.CString("127.0.0.1")
-	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cProxyHost))
-	cProxyUsername := C.CString(s.bridge.Username())
-	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cProxyUsername))
-	cProxyPassword := C.CString(s.bridge.Password())
-	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cProxyPassword))
-	var cAnchorPEM *C.char
-	if s.config.anchorPEM != "" {
-		cAnchorPEM = C.CString(s.config.anchorPEM)
-		defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cAnchorPEM))
-	}
-	var pinnedPointer *C.uint8_t
-	if len(s.config.pinnedPublicKeySHA256s) > 0 {
-		pinnedPointer = (*C.uint8_t)(C.CBytes(s.config.pinnedPublicKeySHA256s))
-		defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(pinnedPointer))
-	}
-	cConfig := C.box_apple_http_session_config_t{
-		proxy_host:                   cProxyHost,
-		proxy_port:                   C.int(s.bridge.Port()),
-		proxy_username:               cProxyUsername,
-		proxy_password:               cProxyPassword,
-		min_tls_version:              C.uint16_t(s.config.minVersion),
-		max_tls_version:              C.uint16_t(s.config.maxVersion),
-		insecure:                     C.bool(s.config.insecure),
-		anchor_pem:                   cAnchorPEM,
-		anchor_pem_len:               C.size_t(len(s.config.anchorPEM)),
-		anchor_only:                  C.bool(s.config.anchorOnly),
-		pinned_public_key_sha256:     pinnedPointer,
-		pinned_public_key_sha256_len: C.size_t(len(s.config.pinnedPublicKeySHA256s)),
-	}
-	var cErr *C.char
-	session := C.box_apple_http_session_create(&cConfig, &cErr)
-	if session != nil {
-		return session, nil
-	}
-	return nil, appleCStringError(cErr, "create Apple HTTP session")
-}
-
-func (t *appleTransport) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-	if requestRequiresHTTP1(request) {
-		return nil, E.New("HTTP upgrade requests are unsupported in Apple HTTP engine")
-	}
-	if request.URL == nil {
-		return nil, E.New("missing request URL")
-	}
-	switch request.URL.Scheme {
-	case "http", "https":
-	default:
-		return nil, E.New("unsupported URL scheme: ", request.URL.Scheme)
-	}
-	if request.URL.Scheme == "https" && t.shared.config.serverName != "" && !strings.EqualFold(t.shared.config.serverName, request.URL.Hostname()) {
-		return nil, E.New("tls.server_name is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine unless it matches request host")
-	}
-	var body []byte
-	if request.Body != nil && request.Body != http.NoBody {
-		defer request.Body.Close()
-		var err error
-		body, err = io.ReadAll(request.Body)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	headerKeys, headerValues := flattenRequestHeaders(request)
-	cMethod := C.CString(request.Method)
-	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cMethod))
-	cURL := C.CString(request.URL.String())
-	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cURL))
-	cHeaderKeys := make([]*C.char, len(headerKeys))
-	cHeaderValues := make([]*C.char, len(headerValues))
-	defer func() {
-		for _, ptr := range cHeaderKeys {
-			C.free(unsafe.Pointer(ptr))
-		}
-		for _, ptr := range cHeaderValues {
-			C.free(unsafe.Pointer(ptr))
-		}
-	}()
-	for index, value := range headerKeys {
-		cHeaderKeys[index] = C.CString(value)
-	}
-	for index, value := range headerValues {
-		cHeaderValues[index] = C.CString(value)
-	}
-	var headerKeysPointer **C.char
-	var headerValuesPointer **C.char
-	if len(cHeaderKeys) > 0 {
-		pointerArraySize := C.size_t(len(cHeaderKeys)) * C.size_t(unsafe.Sizeof((*C.char)(nil)))
-		headerKeysPointer = (**C.char)(C.malloc(pointerArraySize))
-		defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(headerKeysPointer))
-		headerValuesPointer = (**C.char)(C.malloc(pointerArraySize))
-		defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(headerValuesPointer))
-		copy(unsafe.Slice(headerKeysPointer, len(cHeaderKeys)), cHeaderKeys)
-		copy(unsafe.Slice(headerValuesPointer, len(cHeaderValues)), cHeaderValues)
-	}
-	var bodyPointer *C.uint8_t
-	if len(body) > 0 {
-		bodyPointer = (*C.uint8_t)(C.CBytes(body))
-		defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(bodyPointer))
-	}
-	var (
-		hasVerifyTime       bool
-		verifyTimeUnixMilli int64
-	)
-	if t.shared.timeFunc != nil {
-		hasVerifyTime = true
-		verifyTimeUnixMilli = t.shared.timeFunc().UnixMilli()
-	}
-	cRequest := C.box_apple_http_request_t{
-		method:                 cMethod,
-		url:                    cURL,
-		header_keys:            (**C.char)(headerKeysPointer),
-		header_values:          (**C.char)(headerValuesPointer),
-		header_count:           C.size_t(len(cHeaderKeys)),
-		body:                   bodyPointer,
-		body_len:               C.size_t(len(body)),
-		has_verify_time:        C.bool(hasVerifyTime),
-		verify_time_unix_millis: C.int64_t(verifyTimeUnixMilli),
-	}
-	var cErr *C.char
-	var task *C.box_apple_http_task_t
-	t.access.Lock()
-	if t.session == nil {
-		t.access.Unlock()
-		return nil, net.ErrClosed
-	}
-	// Keep the session attached until NSURLSession has created the task.
-	task = C.box_apple_http_session_send_async(t.session, &cRequest, &cErr)
-	t.access.Unlock()
-	if task == nil {
-		return nil, appleCStringError(cErr, "create Apple HTTP request")
-	}
-	cancelDone := make(chan struct{})
-	cancelExit := make(chan struct{})
-	go func() {
-		defer close(cancelExit)
-		select {
-		case <-request.Context().Done():
-			C.box_apple_http_task_cancel(task)
-		case <-cancelDone:
-		}
-	}()
-	cResponse := C.box_apple_http_task_wait(task, &cErr)
-	close(cancelDone)
-	<-cancelExit
-	C.box_apple_http_task_close(task)
-	if cResponse == nil {
-		err := appleCStringError(cErr, "Apple HTTP request failed")
-		if request.Context().Err() != nil {
-			return nil, request.Context().Err()
-		}
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer C.box_apple_http_response_free(cResponse)
-	return parseAppleHTTPResponse(request, cResponse), nil
-}
-
-func (t *appleTransport) CloseIdleConnections() {
-	t.access.Lock()
-	if t.closed {
-		t.access.Unlock()
-		return
-	}
-	t.access.Unlock()
-	newSession, err := t.shared.newSession()
-	if err != nil {
-		t.shared.logger.Error(E.Cause(err, "reset Apple HTTP session"))
-		return
-	}
-	t.access.Lock()
-	if t.closed {
-		t.access.Unlock()
-		C.box_apple_http_session_close(newSession)
-		return
-	}
-	oldSession := t.session
-	t.session = newSession
-	t.access.Unlock()
-	C.box_apple_http_session_retire(oldSession)
-}
-
-func (t *appleTransport) Clone() adapter.HTTPTransport {
-	t.shared.retain()
-	session, err := t.shared.newSession()
-	if err != nil {
-		_ = t.shared.release()
-		return &errorTransport{err: err}
-	}
-	return &appleTransport{
-		shared:  t.shared,
-		session: session,
-	}
-}
-
-func (t *appleTransport) Close() error {
-	t.access.Lock()
-	if t.closed {
-		t.access.Unlock()
-		return nil
-	}
-	t.closed = true
-	session := t.session
-	t.session = nil
-	t.access.Unlock()
-	C.box_apple_http_session_close(session)
-	return t.shared.release()
-}
-
-func (t *errorTransport) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-	return nil, t.err
-}
-
-func (t *errorTransport) CloseIdleConnections() {
-}
-
-func (t *errorTransport) Clone() adapter.HTTPTransport {
-	return &errorTransport{err: t.err}
-}
-
-func (t *errorTransport) Close() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func flattenRequestHeaders(request *http.Request) ([]string, []string) {
-	var (
-		keys   []string
-		values []string
-	)
-	for key, headerValues := range request.Header {
-		for _, value := range headerValues {
-			keys = append(keys, key)
-			values = append(values, value)
-		}
-	}
-	if request.Host != "" {
-		keys = append(keys, "Host")
-		values = append(values, request.Host)
-	}
-	return keys, values
-}
-
-func parseAppleHTTPResponse(request *http.Request, response *C.box_apple_http_response_t) *http.Response {
-	headers := make(http.Header)
-	headerKeys := unsafe.Slice(response.header_keys, int(response.header_count))
-	headerValues := unsafe.Slice(response.header_values, int(response.header_count))
-	for index := range headerKeys {
-		headers.Add(C.GoString(headerKeys[index]), C.GoString(headerValues[index]))
-	}
-	body := bytes.NewReader(C.GoBytes(unsafe.Pointer(response.body), C.int(response.body_len)))
-	// NSURLSession's completion-handler API does not expose the negotiated protocol;
-	// callers that read Response.Proto will see HTTP/1.1 even when the wire was HTTP/2.
-	return &http.Response{
-		StatusCode:    int(response.status_code),
-		Status:        fmt.Sprintf("%d %s", int(response.status_code), http.StatusText(int(response.status_code))),
-		Proto:         "HTTP/1.1",
-		ProtoMajor:    1,
-		ProtoMinor:    1,
-		Header:        headers,
-		Body:          io.NopCloser(body),
-		ContentLength: int64(body.Len()),
-		Request:       request,
-	}
-}
-
-func appleCStringError(cErr *C.char, message string) error {
-	if cErr == nil {
-		return E.New(message)
-	}
-	defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(cErr))
-	return E.New(message, ": ", C.GoString(cErr))
-}
--- a/common/httpclient/apple_transport_darwin.h
+++ b/common/httpclient/apple_transport_darwin.h
@@ -1,71 +0,0 @@
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-
-typedef struct box_apple_http_session box_apple_http_session_t;
-typedef struct box_apple_http_task box_apple_http_task_t;
-
-typedef struct box_apple_http_session_config {
-	const char *proxy_host;
-	int proxy_port;
-	const char *proxy_username;
-	const char *proxy_password;
-	uint16_t min_tls_version;
-	uint16_t max_tls_version;
-	bool insecure;
-	const char *anchor_pem;
-	size_t anchor_pem_len;
-	bool anchor_only;
-	const uint8_t *pinned_public_key_sha256;
-	size_t pinned_public_key_sha256_len;
-} box_apple_http_session_config_t;
-
-typedef struct box_apple_http_request {
-	const char *method;
-	const char *url;
-	const char **header_keys;
-	const char **header_values;
-	size_t header_count;
-	const uint8_t *body;
-	size_t body_len;
-	bool has_verify_time;
-	int64_t verify_time_unix_millis;
-} box_apple_http_request_t;
-
-typedef struct box_apple_http_response {
-	int status_code;
-	char **header_keys;
-	char **header_values;
-	size_t header_count;
-	uint8_t *body;
-	size_t body_len;
-	char *error;
-} box_apple_http_response_t;
-
-box_apple_http_session_t *box_apple_http_session_create(
-	const box_apple_http_session_config_t *config,
-	char **error_out
-);
-void box_apple_http_session_retire(box_apple_http_session_t *session);
-void box_apple_http_session_close(box_apple_http_session_t *session);
-
-box_apple_http_task_t *box_apple_http_session_send_async(
-	box_apple_http_session_t *session,
-	const box_apple_http_request_t *request,
-	char **error_out
-);
-box_apple_http_response_t *box_apple_http_task_wait(
-	box_apple_http_task_t *task,
-	char **error_out
-);
-void box_apple_http_task_cancel(box_apple_http_task_t *task);
-void box_apple_http_task_close(box_apple_http_task_t *task);
-
-void box_apple_http_response_free(box_apple_http_response_t *response);
-
-char *box_apple_http_verify_public_key_sha256(
-	uint8_t *known_hash_values,
-	size_t known_hash_values_len,
-	uint8_t *leaf_cert,
-	size_t leaf_cert_len
-);
--- a/common/httpclient/apple_transport_darwin.m
+++ b/common/httpclient/apple_transport_darwin.m
@@ -1,398 +0,0 @@
-#import "apple_transport_darwin.h"
-
-#import <CoreFoundation/CFStream.h>
-#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
-#import <Security/Security.h>
-#import <dispatch/dispatch.h>
-#import <stdlib.h>
-#import <string.h>
-
-typedef struct box_apple_http_session {
-	void *handle;
-} box_apple_http_session_t;
-
-typedef struct box_apple_http_task {
-	void *task;
-	void *done_semaphore;
-	box_apple_http_response_t *response;
-	char *error;
-} box_apple_http_task_t;
-
-static NSString *const box_apple_http_verify_time_key = @"sing-box.verify-time";
-
-static void box_set_error_string(char **error_out, NSString *message) {
-	if (error_out == NULL || *error_out != NULL) {
-		return;
-	}
-	const char *utf8 = [message UTF8String];
-	*error_out = strdup(utf8 != NULL ? utf8 : "unknown error");
-}
-
-static void box_set_error_from_nserror(char **error_out, NSError *error) {
-	if (error == nil) {
-		box_set_error_string(error_out, @"unknown error");
-		return;
-	}
-	box_set_error_string(error_out, error.localizedDescription ?: error.description);
-}
-
-static NSArray *box_parse_certificates_from_pem(const char *pem, size_t pem_len) {
-	if (pem == NULL || pem_len == 0) {
-		return @[];
-	}
-	NSString *content = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:pem length:pem_len encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
-	if (content == nil) {
-		return @[];
-	}
-	NSString *beginMarker = @"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----";
-	NSString *endMarker = @"-----END CERTIFICATE-----";
-	NSMutableArray *certificates = [NSMutableArray array];
-	NSUInteger searchFrom = 0;
-	while (searchFrom < content.length) {
-		NSRange beginRange = [content rangeOfString:beginMarker options:0 range:NSMakeRange(searchFrom, content.length - searchFrom)];
-		if (beginRange.location == NSNotFound) {
-			break;
-		}
-		NSUInteger bodyStart = beginRange.location + beginRange.length;
-		NSRange endRange = [content rangeOfString:endMarker options:0 range:NSMakeRange(bodyStart, content.length - bodyStart)];
-		if (endRange.location == NSNotFound) {
-			break;
-		}
-		NSString *base64Section = [content substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(bodyStart, endRange.location - bodyStart)];
-		NSArray<NSString *> *components = [base64Section componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet]];
-		NSString *base64Content = [components componentsJoinedByString:@""];
-		NSData *der = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:base64Content options:0];
-		if (der != nil) {
-			SecCertificateRef certificate = SecCertificateCreateWithData(NULL, (__bridge CFDataRef)der);
-			if (certificate != NULL) {
-				[certificates addObject:(__bridge id)certificate];
-				CFRelease(certificate);
-			}
-		}
-		searchFrom = endRange.location + endRange.length;
-	}
-	return certificates;
-}
-
-static bool box_evaluate_trust(SecTrustRef trustRef, NSArray *anchors, bool anchor_only, NSDate *verifyDate) {
-	if (trustRef == NULL) {
-		return false;
-	}
-	if (verifyDate != nil && SecTrustSetVerifyDate(trustRef, (__bridge CFDateRef)verifyDate) != errSecSuccess) {
-		return false;
-	}
-	if (anchors.count > 0 || anchor_only) {
-		CFMutableArrayRef anchorArray = CFArrayCreateMutable(NULL, 0, &kCFTypeArrayCallBacks);
-		for (id certificate in anchors) {
-			CFArrayAppendValue(anchorArray, (__bridge const void *)certificate);
-		}
-		SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(trustRef, anchorArray);
-		SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly(trustRef, anchor_only);
-		CFRelease(anchorArray);
-	}
-	CFErrorRef error = NULL;
-	bool result = SecTrustEvaluateWithError(trustRef, &error);
-	if (error != NULL) {
-		CFRelease(error);
-	}
-	return result;
-}
-
-static NSDate *box_apple_http_verify_date_for_request(NSURLRequest *request) {
-	if (request == nil) {
-		return nil;
-	}
-	id value = [NSURLProtocol propertyForKey:box_apple_http_verify_time_key inRequest:request];
-	if (![value isKindOfClass:[NSNumber class]]) {
-		return nil;
-	}
-	return [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSince1970:[(NSNumber *)value longLongValue] / 1000.0];
-}
-
-static box_apple_http_response_t *box_create_response(NSHTTPURLResponse *httpResponse, NSData *data) {
-	box_apple_http_response_t *response = calloc(1, sizeof(box_apple_http_response_t));
-	response->status_code = (int)httpResponse.statusCode;
-	NSDictionary *headers = httpResponse.allHeaderFields;
-	response->header_count = headers.count;
-	if (response->header_count > 0) {
-		response->header_keys = calloc(response->header_count, sizeof(char *));
-		response->header_values = calloc(response->header_count, sizeof(char *));
-		NSUInteger index = 0;
-		for (id key in headers) {
-			NSString *keyString = [[key description] copy];
-			NSString *valueString = [[headers[key] description] copy];
-			response->header_keys[index] = strdup(keyString.UTF8String ?: "");
-			response->header_values[index] = strdup(valueString.UTF8String ?: "");
-			index++;
-		}
-	}
-	if (data.length > 0) {
-		response->body_len = data.length;
-		response->body = malloc(data.length);
-		memcpy(response->body, data.bytes, data.length);
-	}
-	return response;
-}
-
-@interface BoxAppleHTTPSessionDelegate : NSObject <NSURLSessionTaskDelegate, NSURLSessionDataDelegate>
-@property(nonatomic, assign) BOOL insecure;
-@property(nonatomic, assign) BOOL anchorOnly;
-@property(nonatomic, strong) NSArray *anchors;
-@property(nonatomic, strong) NSData *pinnedPublicKeyHashes;
-@end
-
-@implementation BoxAppleHTTPSessionDelegate
-
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session
-              task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task
-willPerformHTTPRedirection:(NSHTTPURLResponse *)response
-        newRequest:(NSURLRequest *)request
- completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLRequest * _Nullable))completionHandler {
-	completionHandler(nil);
-}
-
- (void)URLSession:(NSURLSession *)session
-              task:(NSURLSessionTask *)task
-didReceiveChallenge:(NSURLAuthenticationChallenge *)challenge
- completionHandler:(void (^)(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeDisposition disposition, NSURLCredential * _Nullable credential))completionHandler {
-	if (![challenge.protectionSpace.authenticationMethod isEqualToString:NSURLAuthenticationMethodServerTrust]) {
-		completionHandler(NSURLSessionAuthChallengePerformDefaultHandling, nil);
-		return;
-	}
-	SecTrustRef trustRef = challenge.protectionSpace.serverTrust;
-	if (trustRef == NULL) {
-		completionHandler(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeCancelAuthenticationChallenge, nil);
-		return;
-	}
-	NSDate *verifyDate = box_apple_http_verify_date_for_request(task.currentRequest ?: task.originalRequest);
-	BOOL needsCustomHandling = self.insecure || self.anchorOnly || self.anchors.count > 0 || self.pinnedPublicKeyHashes.length > 0 || verifyDate != nil;
-	if (!needsCustomHandling) {
-		completionHandler(NSURLSessionAuthChallengePerformDefaultHandling, nil);
-		return;
-	}
-	BOOL ok = YES;
-	if (!self.insecure) {
-		ok = box_evaluate_trust(trustRef, self.anchors, self.anchorOnly, verifyDate);
-	}
-	if (ok && self.pinnedPublicKeyHashes.length > 0) {
-		CFArrayRef certificateChain = SecTrustCopyCertificateChain(trustRef);
-		SecCertificateRef leafCertificate = NULL;
-		if (certificateChain != NULL && CFArrayGetCount(certificateChain) > 0) {
-			leafCertificate = (SecCertificateRef)CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(certificateChain, 0);
-		}
-		if (leafCertificate == NULL) {
-			ok = NO;
-		} else {
-			NSData *leafData = CFBridgingRelease(SecCertificateCopyData(leafCertificate));
-			char *pinError = box_apple_http_verify_public_key_sha256(
-				(uint8_t *)self.pinnedPublicKeyHashes.bytes,
-				self.pinnedPublicKeyHashes.length,
-				(uint8_t *)leafData.bytes,
-				leafData.length
-			);
-			if (pinError != NULL) {
-				free(pinError);
-				ok = NO;
-			}
-		}
-		if (certificateChain != NULL) {
-			CFRelease(certificateChain);
-		}
-	}
-	if (!ok) {
-		completionHandler(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeCancelAuthenticationChallenge, nil);
-		return;
-	}
-	completionHandler(NSURLSessionAuthChallengeUseCredential, [NSURLCredential credentialForTrust:trustRef]);
-}
-
-@end
-
-@interface BoxAppleHTTPSessionHandle : NSObject
-@property(nonatomic, strong) NSURLSession *session;
-@property(nonatomic, strong) BoxAppleHTTPSessionDelegate *delegate;
-@end
-
-@implementation BoxAppleHTTPSessionHandle
-@end
-
-box_apple_http_session_t *box_apple_http_session_create(
-	const box_apple_http_session_config_t *config,
-	char **error_out
-) {
-	@autoreleasepool {
-		NSURLSessionConfiguration *sessionConfig = [NSURLSessionConfiguration ephemeralSessionConfiguration];
-		sessionConfig.URLCache = nil;
-		sessionConfig.HTTPCookieStorage = nil;
-		sessionConfig.URLCredentialStorage = nil;
-		sessionConfig.HTTPShouldSetCookies = NO;
-		if (config != NULL && config->proxy_host != NULL && config->proxy_port > 0) {
-			NSMutableDictionary *proxyDictionary = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary];
-			proxyDictionary[(__bridge NSString *)kCFStreamPropertySOCKSProxyHost] = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:config->proxy_host];
-			proxyDictionary[(__bridge NSString *)kCFStreamPropertySOCKSProxyPort] = @(config->proxy_port);
-			proxyDictionary[(__bridge NSString *)kCFStreamPropertySOCKSVersion] = (__bridge NSString *)kCFStreamSocketSOCKSVersion5;
-			if (config->proxy_username != NULL) {
-				proxyDictionary[(__bridge NSString *)kCFStreamPropertySOCKSUser] = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:config->proxy_username];
-			}
-			if (config->proxy_password != NULL) {
-				proxyDictionary[(__bridge NSString *)kCFStreamPropertySOCKSPassword] = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:config->proxy_password];
-			}
-			sessionConfig.connectionProxyDictionary = proxyDictionary;
-		}
-		if (config != NULL && config->min_tls_version != 0) {
-			sessionConfig.TLSMinimumSupportedProtocolVersion = (tls_protocol_version_t)config->min_tls_version;
-		}
-		if (config != NULL && config->max_tls_version != 0) {
-			sessionConfig.TLSMaximumSupportedProtocolVersion = (tls_protocol_version_t)config->max_tls_version;
-		}
-		BoxAppleHTTPSessionDelegate *delegate = [[BoxAppleHTTPSessionDelegate alloc] init];
-		if (config != NULL) {
-			delegate.insecure = config->insecure;
-			delegate.anchorOnly = config->anchor_only;
-			delegate.anchors = box_parse_certificates_from_pem(config->anchor_pem, config->anchor_pem_len);
-			if (config->pinned_public_key_sha256 != NULL && config->pinned_public_key_sha256_len > 0) {
-				delegate.pinnedPublicKeyHashes = [NSData dataWithBytes:config->pinned_public_key_sha256 length:config->pinned_public_key_sha256_len];
-			}
-		}
-		NSURLSession *session = [NSURLSession sessionWithConfiguration:sessionConfig delegate:delegate delegateQueue:nil];
-		if (session == nil) {
-			box_set_error_string(error_out, @"create URLSession");
-			return NULL;
-		}
-		BoxAppleHTTPSessionHandle *handle = [[BoxAppleHTTPSessionHandle alloc] init];
-		handle.session = session;
-		handle.delegate = delegate;
-		box_apple_http_session_t *sessionHandle = calloc(1, sizeof(box_apple_http_session_t));
-		sessionHandle->handle = (__bridge_retained void *)handle;
-		return sessionHandle;
-	}
-}
-
-void box_apple_http_session_retire(box_apple_http_session_t *session) {
-	if (session == NULL || session->handle == NULL) {
-		return;
-	}
-	BoxAppleHTTPSessionHandle *handle = (__bridge_transfer BoxAppleHTTPSessionHandle *)session->handle;
-	[handle.session finishTasksAndInvalidate];
-	free(session);
-}
-
-void box_apple_http_session_close(box_apple_http_session_t *session) {
-	if (session == NULL || session->handle == NULL) {
-		return;
-	}
-	BoxAppleHTTPSessionHandle *handle = (__bridge_transfer BoxAppleHTTPSessionHandle *)session->handle;
-	[handle.session invalidateAndCancel];
-	free(session);
-}
-
-box_apple_http_task_t *box_apple_http_session_send_async(
-	box_apple_http_session_t *session,
-	const box_apple_http_request_t *request,
-	char **error_out
-) {
-	@autoreleasepool {
-		if (session == NULL || session->handle == NULL || request == NULL || request->method == NULL || request->url == NULL) {
-			box_set_error_string(error_out, @"invalid apple HTTP request");
-			return NULL;
-		}
-		BoxAppleHTTPSessionHandle *handle = (__bridge BoxAppleHTTPSessionHandle *)session->handle;
-		NSURL *requestURL = [NSURL URLWithString:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:request->url]];
-		if (requestURL == nil) {
-			box_set_error_string(error_out, @"invalid request URL");
-			return NULL;
-		}
-		NSMutableURLRequest *urlRequest = [NSMutableURLRequest requestWithURL:requestURL];
-		urlRequest.HTTPMethod = [NSString stringWithUTF8String:request->method];
-		for (size_t index = 0; index < request->header_count; index++) {
-			const char *key = request->header_keys[index];
-			const char *value = request->header_values[index];
-			if (key == NULL || value == NULL) {
-				continue;
-			}
-			[urlRequest addValue:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:value] forHTTPHeaderField:[NSString stringWithUTF8String:key]];
-		}
-		if (request->body != NULL && request->body_len > 0) {
-			urlRequest.HTTPBody = [NSData dataWithBytes:request->body length:request->body_len];
-		}
-		if (request->has_verify_time) {
-			[NSURLProtocol setProperty:@(request->verify_time_unix_millis) forKey:box_apple_http_verify_time_key inRequest:urlRequest];
-		}
-		box_apple_http_task_t *task = calloc(1, sizeof(box_apple_http_task_t));
-		dispatch_semaphore_t doneSemaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
-		task->done_semaphore = (__bridge_retained void *)doneSemaphore;
-		NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [handle.session dataTaskWithRequest:urlRequest completionHandler:^(NSData *data, NSURLResponse *response, NSError *error) {
-			if (error != nil) {
-				box_set_error_from_nserror(&task->error, error);
-			} else if (![response isKindOfClass:[NSHTTPURLResponse class]]) {
-				box_set_error_string(&task->error, @"unexpected HTTP response type");
-			} else {
-				task->response = box_create_response((NSHTTPURLResponse *)response, data ?: [NSData data]);
-			}
-			dispatch_semaphore_signal((__bridge dispatch_semaphore_t)task->done_semaphore);
-		}];
-		if (dataTask == nil) {
-			box_set_error_string(error_out, @"create data task");
-			box_apple_http_task_close(task);
-			return NULL;
-		}
-		task->task = (__bridge_retained void *)dataTask;
-		[dataTask resume];
-		return task;
-	}
-}
-
-box_apple_http_response_t *box_apple_http_task_wait(
-	box_apple_http_task_t *task,
-	char **error_out
-) {
-	if (task == NULL || task->done_semaphore == NULL) {
-		box_set_error_string(error_out, @"invalid apple HTTP task");
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	dispatch_semaphore_wait((__bridge dispatch_semaphore_t)task->done_semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
-	if (task->error != NULL) {
-		box_set_error_string(error_out, [NSString stringWithUTF8String:task->error]);
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	return task->response;
-}
-
-void box_apple_http_task_cancel(box_apple_http_task_t *task) {
-	if (task == NULL || task->task == NULL) {
-		return;
-	}
-	NSURLSessionTask *nsTask = (__bridge NSURLSessionTask *)task->task;
-	[nsTask cancel];
-}
-
-void box_apple_http_task_close(box_apple_http_task_t *task) {
-	if (task == NULL) {
-		return;
-	}
-	if (task->task != NULL) {
-		__unused NSURLSessionTask *nsTask = (__bridge_transfer NSURLSessionTask *)task->task;
-		task->task = NULL;
-	}
-	if (task->done_semaphore != NULL) {
-		__unused dispatch_semaphore_t doneSemaphore = (__bridge_transfer dispatch_semaphore_t)task->done_semaphore;
-		task->done_semaphore = NULL;
-	}
-	free(task->error);
-	free(task);
-}
-
-void box_apple_http_response_free(box_apple_http_response_t *response) {
-	if (response == NULL) {
-		return;
-	}
-	for (size_t index = 0; index < response->header_count; index++) {
-		free(response->header_keys[index]);
-		free(response->header_values[index]);
-	}
-	free(response->header_keys);
-	free(response->header_values);
-	free(response->body);
-	free(response->error);
-	free(response);
-}
--- a/common/httpclient/apple_transport_darwin_test.go
+++ b/common/httpclient/apple_transport_darwin_test.go
@@ -1,876 +0,0 @@
-//go:build darwin && cgo
-
-package httpclient
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"crypto/sha256"
-	stdtls "crypto/tls"
-	"crypto/x509"
-	"errors"
-	"io"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"net/http/httptest"
-	"net/url"
-	"slices"
-	"strconv"
-	"strings"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	boxTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/route"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badoption"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
-)
-
-const appleHTTPTestTimeout = 5 * time.Second
-
-const appleHTTPRecoveryLoops = 5
-
-type appleHTTPTestDialer struct {
-	dialer   net.Dialer
-	listener net.ListenConfig
-	hostMap  map[string]string
-}
-
-type appleHTTPObservedRequest struct {
-	method     string
-	body       string
-	host       string
-	values     []string
-	protoMajor int
-}
-
-type appleHTTPTestServer struct {
-	server         *httptest.Server
-	baseURL        string
-	dialHost       string
-	certificate    stdtls.Certificate
-	certificatePEM string
-	publicKeyHash  []byte
-}
-
-func TestNewAppleSessionConfig(t *testing.T) {
-	serverCertificate, serverCertificatePEM := newAppleHTTPTestCertificate(t, "localhost")
-	serverHash := certificatePublicKeySHA256(t, serverCertificate.Certificate[0])
-	otherHash := bytes.Repeat([]byte{0x7f}, applePinnedHashSize)
-
-	testCases := []struct {
-		name    string
-		options option.HTTPClientOptions
-		check   func(t *testing.T, config appleSessionConfig)
-		wantErr string
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "success with certificate anchors",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				Version: 2,
-				DialerOptions: option.DialerOptions{
-					ConnectTimeout: badoption.Duration(2 * time.Second),
-				},
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-						Enabled:     true,
-						ServerName:  "localhost",
-						MinVersion:  "1.2",
-						MaxVersion:  "1.3",
-						Certificate: badoption.Listable[string]{serverCertificatePEM},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			check: func(t *testing.T, config appleSessionConfig) {
-				t.Helper()
-				if config.serverName != "localhost" {
-					t.Fatalf("unexpected server name: %q", config.serverName)
-				}
-				if config.minVersion != stdtls.VersionTLS12 {
-					t.Fatalf("unexpected min version: %x", config.minVersion)
-				}
-				if config.maxVersion != stdtls.VersionTLS13 {
-					t.Fatalf("unexpected max version: %x", config.maxVersion)
-				}
-				if config.insecure {
-					t.Fatal("unexpected insecure flag")
-				}
-				if !config.anchorOnly {
-					t.Fatal("expected anchor_only")
-				}
-				if !strings.Contains(config.anchorPEM, "BEGIN CERTIFICATE") {
-					t.Fatalf("unexpected anchor pem: %q", config.anchorPEM)
-				}
-				if len(config.pinnedPublicKeySHA256s) != 0 {
-					t.Fatalf("unexpected pinned hashes: %d", len(config.pinnedPublicKeySHA256s))
-				}
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "success with flattened pins",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				Version: 2,
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-						Enabled:                    true,
-						Insecure:                   true,
-						CertificatePublicKeySHA256: badoption.Listable[[]byte]{serverHash, otherHash},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			check: func(t *testing.T, config appleSessionConfig) {
-				t.Helper()
-				if !config.insecure {
-					t.Fatal("expected insecure flag")
-				}
-				if len(config.pinnedPublicKeySHA256s) != 2*applePinnedHashSize {
-					t.Fatalf("unexpected flattened pin length: %d", len(config.pinnedPublicKeySHA256s))
-				}
-				if !bytes.Equal(config.pinnedPublicKeySHA256s[:applePinnedHashSize], serverHash) {
-					t.Fatal("unexpected first pin")
-				}
-				if !bytes.Equal(config.pinnedPublicKeySHA256s[applePinnedHashSize:], otherHash) {
-					t.Fatal("unexpected second pin")
-				}
-				if config.anchorPEM != "" {
-					t.Fatalf("unexpected anchor pem: %q", config.anchorPEM)
-				}
-				if config.anchorOnly {
-					t.Fatal("unexpected anchor_only")
-				}
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "http11 unsupported",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{Version: 1},
-			wantErr: "HTTP/1.1 is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine",
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "http3 unsupported",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{Version: 3},
-			wantErr: "HTTP/3 is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine",
-		},
-		{
-			name:    "unknown version",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{Version: 9},
-			wantErr: "unknown HTTP version: 9",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "disable version fallback unsupported",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				DisableVersionFallback: true,
-			},
-			wantErr: "disable_version_fallback is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "http2 options unsupported",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				HTTP2Options: option.HTTP2Options{
-					IdleTimeout: badoption.Duration(time.Second),
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: "HTTP/2 options are unsupported in Apple HTTP engine",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "quic options unsupported",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				HTTP3Options: option.QUICOptions{
-					InitialPacketSize: 1200,
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: "QUIC options are unsupported in Apple HTTP engine",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "tls engine unsupported",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{Engine: "go"},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: "tls.engine is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "disable sni unsupported",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{DisableSNI: true},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: "disable_sni is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "alpn unsupported",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-						ALPN: badoption.Listable[string]{"h2"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: "tls.alpn is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "cipher suites unsupported",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-						CipherSuites: badoption.Listable[string]{"TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: "cipher_suites is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "curve preferences unsupported",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-						CurvePreferences: badoption.Listable[option.CurvePreference]{option.CurvePreference(option.X25519)},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: "curve_preferences is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "client certificate unsupported",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-						ClientCertificate: badoption.Listable[string]{"client-certificate"},
-						ClientKey:         badoption.Listable[string]{"client-key"},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: "client certificate is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "tls fragment unsupported",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{Fragment: true},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: "tls fragment is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "ktls unsupported",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{KernelTx: true},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: "ktls is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "ech unsupported",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-						ECH: &option.OutboundECHOptions{Enabled: true},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: "ech is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "utls unsupported",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-						UTLS: &option.OutboundUTLSOptions{Enabled: true},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: "utls is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "reality unsupported",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-						Reality: &option.OutboundRealityOptions{Enabled: true},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: "reality is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "pin and certificate conflict",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-						Certificate:                badoption.Listable[string]{serverCertificatePEM},
-						CertificatePublicKeySHA256: badoption.Listable[[]byte]{serverHash},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: "certificate_public_key_sha256 is conflict with certificate or certificate_path",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "invalid min version",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{MinVersion: "bogus"},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: "parse min_version",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "invalid max version",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{MaxVersion: "bogus"},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: "parse max_version",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "invalid pin length",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-						CertificatePublicKeySHA256: badoption.Listable[[]byte]{{0x01, 0x02}},
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			wantErr: "invalid certificate_public_key_sha256 length: 2",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, testCase := range testCases {
-		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			config, err := newAppleSessionConfig(context.Background(), testCase.options)
-			if testCase.wantErr != "" {
-				if err == nil {
-					t.Fatal("expected error")
-				}
-				if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), testCase.wantErr) {
-					t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-				}
-				return
-			}
-			if err != nil {
-				t.Fatal(err)
-			}
-			if testCase.check != nil {
-				testCase.check(t, config)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAppleTransportVerifyPublicKeySHA256(t *testing.T) {
-	serverCertificate, _ := newAppleHTTPTestCertificate(t, "localhost")
-	goodHash := certificatePublicKeySHA256(t, serverCertificate.Certificate[0])
-	badHash := append([]byte(nil), goodHash...)
-	badHash[0] ^= 0xff
-
-	err := verifyApplePinnedPublicKeySHA256(goodHash, serverCertificate.Certificate[0])
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected correct pin to succeed: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	err = verifyApplePinnedPublicKeySHA256(badHash, serverCertificate.Certificate[0])
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected incorrect pin to fail")
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "unrecognized remote public key") {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected pin mismatch error: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	err = verifyApplePinnedPublicKeySHA256(goodHash[:applePinnedHashSize-1], serverCertificate.Certificate[0])
-	if err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected malformed pin list to fail")
-	}
-	if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), "invalid pinned public key list") {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected malformed pin error: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAppleTransportRoundTripHTTPS(t *testing.T) {
-	requests := make(chan appleHTTPObservedRequest, 1)
-	server := startAppleHTTPTestServer(t, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		body, err := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Error(err)
-			http.Error(w, err.Error(), http.StatusInternalServerError)
-			return
-		}
-		requests <- appleHTTPObservedRequest{
-			method:     r.Method,
-			body:       string(body),
-			host:       r.Host,
-			values:     append([]string(nil), r.Header.Values("X-Test")...),
-			protoMajor: r.ProtoMajor,
-		}
-		w.Header().Set("X-Reply", "apple")
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusCreated)
-		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("response body"))
-	})
-
-	transport := newAppleHTTPTestTransport(t, server, option.HTTPClientOptions{
-		Version: 2,
-		OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-			TLS: appleHTTPServerTLSOptions(server),
-		},
-	})
-
-	request, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, server.URL("/roundtrip"), bytes.NewReader([]byte("request body")))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	request.Header.Add("X-Test", "one")
-	request.Header.Add("X-Test", "two")
-	request.Host = "custom.example"
-
-	response, err := transport.RoundTrip(request)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer response.Body.Close()
-
-	responseBody := readResponseBody(t, response)
-	if response.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected status code: %d", response.StatusCode)
-	}
-	if response.Status != "201 Created" {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected status: %q", response.Status)
-	}
-	if response.Header.Get("X-Reply") != "apple" {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected response header: %q", response.Header.Get("X-Reply"))
-	}
-	if responseBody != "response body" {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected response body: %q", responseBody)
-	}
-	if response.ContentLength != int64(len(responseBody)) {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected content length: %d", response.ContentLength)
-	}
-
-	observed := waitObservedRequest(t, requests)
-	if observed.method != http.MethodPost {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected method: %q", observed.method)
-	}
-	if observed.body != "request body" {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected request body: %q", observed.body)
-	}
-	if observed.host != "custom.example" {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected host: %q", observed.host)
-	}
-	if observed.protoMajor != 2 {
-		t.Fatalf("expected HTTP/2 request, got HTTP/%d", observed.protoMajor)
-	}
-	var normalizedValues []string
-	for _, value := range observed.values {
-		for _, part := range strings.Split(value, ",") {
-			normalizedValues = append(normalizedValues, strings.TrimSpace(part))
-		}
-	}
-	slices.Sort(normalizedValues)
-	if !slices.Equal(normalizedValues, []string{"one", "two"}) {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected header values: %#v", observed.values)
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAppleTransportPinnedPublicKey(t *testing.T) {
-	server := startAppleHTTPTestServer(t, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("pinned"))
-	})
-
-	goodTransport := newAppleHTTPTestTransport(t, server, option.HTTPClientOptions{
-		Version: 2,
-		OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-			TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-				Enabled:                    true,
-				ServerName:                 "localhost",
-				Insecure:                   true,
-				CertificatePublicKeySHA256: badoption.Listable[[]byte]{server.publicKeyHash},
-			},
-		},
-	})
-
-	response, err := goodTransport.RoundTrip(newAppleHTTPRequest(t, http.MethodGet, server.URL("/good"), nil))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatalf("expected pinned request to succeed: %v", err)
-	}
-	response.Body.Close()
-
-	badHash := append([]byte(nil), server.publicKeyHash...)
-	badHash[0] ^= 0xff
-	badTransport := newAppleHTTPTestTransport(t, server, option.HTTPClientOptions{
-		Version: 2,
-		OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-			TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-				Enabled:                    true,
-				ServerName:                 "localhost",
-				Insecure:                   true,
-				CertificatePublicKeySHA256: badoption.Listable[[]byte]{badHash},
-			},
-		},
-	})
-
-	response, err = badTransport.RoundTrip(newAppleHTTPRequest(t, http.MethodGet, server.URL("/bad"), nil))
-	if err == nil {
-		response.Body.Close()
-		t.Fatal("expected incorrect pinned public key to fail")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAppleTransportGuardrails(t *testing.T) {
-	testCases := []struct {
-		name          string
-		options       option.HTTPClientOptions
-		buildRequest  func(t *testing.T) *http.Request
-		wantErrSubstr string
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "websocket upgrade rejected",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				Version: 2,
-			},
-			buildRequest: func(t *testing.T) *http.Request {
-				t.Helper()
-				request := newAppleHTTPRequest(t, http.MethodGet, "https://localhost/socket", nil)
-				request.Header.Set("Connection", "Upgrade")
-				request.Header.Set("Upgrade", "websocket")
-				return request
-			},
-			wantErrSubstr: "HTTP upgrade requests are unsupported in Apple HTTP engine",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "missing url rejected",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				Version: 2,
-			},
-			buildRequest: func(t *testing.T) *http.Request {
-				t.Helper()
-				return &http.Request{Method: http.MethodGet}
-			},
-			wantErrSubstr: "missing request URL",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "unsupported scheme rejected",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				Version: 2,
-			},
-			buildRequest: func(t *testing.T) *http.Request {
-				t.Helper()
-				return newAppleHTTPRequest(t, http.MethodGet, "ftp://localhost/file", nil)
-			},
-			wantErrSubstr: "unsupported URL scheme: ftp",
-		},
-		{
-			name: "server name mismatch rejected",
-			options: option.HTTPClientOptions{
-				Version: 2,
-				OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-					TLS: &option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-						Enabled:    true,
-						ServerName: "example.com",
-					},
-				},
-			},
-			buildRequest: func(t *testing.T) *http.Request {
-				t.Helper()
-				return newAppleHTTPRequest(t, http.MethodGet, "https://localhost/path", nil)
-			},
-			wantErrSubstr: "tls.server_name is unsupported in Apple HTTP engine unless it matches request host",
-		},
-	}
-
-	for _, testCase := range testCases {
-		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			transport := newAppleHTTPTestTransport(t, nil, testCase.options)
-			response, err := transport.RoundTrip(testCase.buildRequest(t))
-			if err == nil {
-				response.Body.Close()
-				t.Fatal("expected error")
-			}
-			if !strings.Contains(err.Error(), testCase.wantErrSubstr) {
-				t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAppleTransportCancellationRecovery(t *testing.T) {
-	server := startAppleHTTPTestServer(t, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		switch r.URL.Path {
-		case "/block":
-			select {
-			case <-r.Context().Done():
-				return
-			case <-time.After(appleHTTPTestTimeout):
-				http.Error(w, "request was not canceled", http.StatusGatewayTimeout)
-			}
-		default:
-			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-			_, _ = w.Write([]byte("ok"))
-		}
-	})
-
-	transport := newAppleHTTPTestTransport(t, server, option.HTTPClientOptions{
-		Version: 2,
-		OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-			TLS: appleHTTPServerTLSOptions(server),
-		},
-	})
-
-	for index := 0; index < appleHTTPRecoveryLoops; index++ {
-		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 100*time.Millisecond)
-		request := newAppleHTTPRequestWithContext(t, ctx, http.MethodGet, server.URL("/block"), nil)
-		response, err := transport.RoundTrip(request)
-		cancel()
-		if err == nil {
-			response.Body.Close()
-			t.Fatalf("iteration %d: expected cancellation error", index)
-		}
-		if !errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
-			t.Fatalf("iteration %d: unexpected cancellation error: %v", index, err)
-		}
-
-		response, err = transport.RoundTrip(newAppleHTTPRequest(t, http.MethodGet, server.URL("/ok"), nil))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("iteration %d: follow-up request failed: %v", index, err)
-		}
-		if body := readResponseBody(t, response); body != "ok" {
-			response.Body.Close()
-			t.Fatalf("iteration %d: unexpected follow-up body: %q", index, body)
-		}
-		response.Body.Close()
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAppleTransportLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
-	server := startAppleHTTPTestServer(t, func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
-		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
-		_, _ = w.Write([]byte("ok"))
-	})
-
-	transport := newAppleHTTPTestTransport(t, server, option.HTTPClientOptions{
-		Version: 2,
-		OutboundTLSOptionsContainer: option.OutboundTLSOptionsContainer{
-			TLS: appleHTTPServerTLSOptions(server),
-		},
-	})
-	clone := transport.Clone()
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		_ = clone.Close()
-	})
-
-	assertAppleHTTPSucceeds(t, transport, server.URL("/original"))
-	assertAppleHTTPSucceeds(t, clone, server.URL("/clone"))
-
-	transport.CloseIdleConnections()
-	assertAppleHTTPSucceeds(t, transport, server.URL("/reset"))
-
-	if err := transport.Close(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-
-	response, err := transport.RoundTrip(newAppleHTTPRequest(t, http.MethodGet, server.URL("/closed"), nil))
-	if err == nil {
-		response.Body.Close()
-		t.Fatal("expected closed transport to fail")
-	}
-	if !errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected closed transport error: %v", err)
-	}
-
-	assertAppleHTTPSucceeds(t, clone, server.URL("/clone-after-original-close"))
-
-	clone.CloseIdleConnections()
-	assertAppleHTTPSucceeds(t, clone, server.URL("/clone-reset"))
-
-	if err := clone.Close(); err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	response, err = clone.RoundTrip(newAppleHTTPRequest(t, http.MethodGet, server.URL("/clone-closed"), nil))
-	if err == nil {
-		response.Body.Close()
-		t.Fatal("expected closed clone to fail")
-	}
-	if !errors.Is(err, net.ErrClosed) {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected closed clone error: %v", err)
-	}
-}
-
-func startAppleHTTPTestServer(t *testing.T, handler http.HandlerFunc) *appleHTTPTestServer {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	serverCertificate, serverCertificatePEM := newAppleHTTPTestCertificate(t, "localhost")
-	server := httptest.NewUnstartedServer(handler)
-	server.EnableHTTP2 = true
-	server.TLS = &stdtls.Config{
-		Certificates: []stdtls.Certificate{serverCertificate},
-		MinVersion:   stdtls.VersionTLS12,
-	}
-	server.StartTLS()
-	t.Cleanup(server.Close)
-
-	parsedURL, err := url.Parse(server.URL)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	baseURL := *parsedURL
-	baseURL.Host = net.JoinHostPort("localhost", parsedURL.Port())
-
-	return &appleHTTPTestServer{
-		server:         server,
-		baseURL:        baseURL.String(),
-		dialHost:       parsedURL.Hostname(),
-		certificate:    serverCertificate,
-		certificatePEM: serverCertificatePEM,
-		publicKeyHash:  certificatePublicKeySHA256(t, serverCertificate.Certificate[0]),
-	}
-}
-
-func (s *appleHTTPTestServer) URL(path string) string {
-	if path == "" {
-		return s.baseURL
-	}
-	if strings.HasPrefix(path, "/") {
-		return s.baseURL + path
-	}
-	return s.baseURL + "/" + path
-}
-
-func newAppleHTTPTestTransport(t *testing.T, server *appleHTTPTestServer, options option.HTTPClientOptions) adapter.HTTPTransport {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	ctx := service.ContextWith[adapter.ConnectionManager](
-		context.Background(),
-		route.NewConnectionManager(log.NewNOPFactory().NewLogger("connection")),
-	)
-	dialer := &appleHTTPTestDialer{
-		hostMap: make(map[string]string),
-	}
-	if server != nil {
-		dialer.hostMap["localhost"] = server.dialHost
-	}
-
-	transport, err := newAppleTransport(ctx, log.NewNOPFactory().NewLogger("httpclient"), dialer, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		_ = transport.Close()
-	})
-	return transport
-}
-
-func (d *appleHTTPTestDialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {
-	host := destination.AddrString()
-	if destination.IsDomain() {
-		host = destination.Fqdn
-		if mappedHost, loaded := d.hostMap[host]; loaded {
-			host = mappedHost
-		}
-	}
-	return d.dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(int(destination.Port))))
-}
-
-func (d *appleHTTPTestDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	host := destination.AddrString()
-	if destination.IsDomain() {
-		host = destination.Fqdn
-		if mappedHost, loaded := d.hostMap[host]; loaded {
-			host = mappedHost
-		}
-	}
-	if host == "" {
-		host = "127.0.0.1"
-	}
-	return d.listener.ListenPacket(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, net.JoinHostPort(host, strconv.Itoa(int(destination.Port))))
-}
-
-func newAppleHTTPTestCertificate(t *testing.T, serverName string) (stdtls.Certificate, string) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	privateKeyPEM, certificatePEM, err := boxTLS.GenerateCertificate(nil, nil, time.Now, serverName, time.Now().Add(time.Hour))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	certificate, err := stdtls.X509KeyPair(certificatePEM, privateKeyPEM)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	return certificate, string(certificatePEM)
-}
-
-func certificatePublicKeySHA256(t *testing.T, certificateDER []byte) []byte {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	certificate, err := x509.ParseCertificate(certificateDER)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	publicKeyDER, err := x509.MarshalPKIXPublicKey(certificate.PublicKey)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	hashValue := sha256.Sum256(publicKeyDER)
-	return append([]byte(nil), hashValue[:]...)
-}
-
-func appleHTTPServerTLSOptions(server *appleHTTPTestServer) *option.OutboundTLSOptions {
-	return &option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-		Enabled:     true,
-		ServerName:  "localhost",
-		Certificate: badoption.Listable[string]{server.certificatePEM},
-	}
-}
-
-func newAppleHTTPRequest(t *testing.T, method string, rawURL string, body []byte) *http.Request {
-	t.Helper()
-	return newAppleHTTPRequestWithContext(t, context.Background(), method, rawURL, body)
-}
-
-func newAppleHTTPRequestWithContext(t *testing.T, ctx context.Context, method string, rawURL string, body []byte) *http.Request {
-	t.Helper()
-	request, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, method, rawURL, bytes.NewReader(body))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	return request
-}
-
-func waitObservedRequest(t *testing.T, requests <-chan appleHTTPObservedRequest) appleHTTPObservedRequest {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	select {
-	case request := <-requests:
-		return request
-	case <-time.After(appleHTTPTestTimeout):
-		t.Fatal("timed out waiting for observed request")
-		return appleHTTPObservedRequest{}
-	}
-}
-
-func readResponseBody(t *testing.T, response *http.Response) string {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	body, err := io.ReadAll(response.Body)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	return string(body)
-}
-
-func assertAppleHTTPSucceeds(t *testing.T, transport adapter.HTTPTransport, rawURL string) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	response, err := transport.RoundTrip(newAppleHTTPRequest(t, http.MethodGet, rawURL, nil))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	defer response.Body.Close()
-	if body := readResponseBody(t, response); body != "ok" {
-		t.Fatalf("unexpected response body: %q", body)
-	}
-}
--- a/common/httpclient/apple_transport_stub.go
+++ b/common/httpclient/apple_transport_stub.go
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !darwin || !cgo
-
-package httpclient
-
-import (
-	"context"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-func newAppleTransport(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, rawDialer N.Dialer, options option.HTTPClientOptions) (adapter.HTTPTransport, error) {
-	return nil, E.New("Apple HTTP engine is not available on non-Apple platforms")
-}
--- a/common/httpclient/client.go
+++ b/common/httpclient/client.go
@@ -1,197 +0,0 @@
-package httpclient
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net/http"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/dialer"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-type Transport struct {
-	transport adapter.HTTPTransport
-	dialer    N.Dialer
-	headers   http.Header
-	host      string
-	tag       string
-}
-
-func NewTransport(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.HTTPClientOptions) (*Transport, error) {
-	rawDialer, err := dialer.NewWithOptions(dialer.Options{
-		Context:          ctx,
-		Options:          options.DialerOptions,
-		RemoteIsDomain:   true,
-		DirectResolver:   options.DirectResolver,
-		ResolverOnDetour: options.ResolveOnDetour,
-		NewDialer:        options.ResolveOnDetour,
-		DefaultOutbound:  options.DefaultOutbound,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	switch options.Engine {
-	case C.TLSEngineApple:
-		transport, transportErr := newAppleTransport(ctx, logger, rawDialer, options)
-		if transportErr != nil {
-			return nil, transportErr
-		}
-		headers := options.Headers.Build()
-		host := headers.Get("Host")
-		headers.Del("Host")
-		return &Transport{
-			transport: transport,
-			dialer:    rawDialer,
-			headers:   headers,
-			host:      host,
-			tag:       tag,
-		}, nil
-	case C.TLSEngineCronet:
-		transport, transportErr := newCronetTransport(ctx, logger, rawDialer, options)
-		if transportErr != nil {
-			return nil, transportErr
-		}
-		headers := options.Headers.Build()
-		host := headers.Get("Host")
-		headers.Del("Host")
-		return &Transport{
-			transport: transport,
-			dialer:    rawDialer,
-			headers:   headers,
-			host:      host,
-			tag:       tag,
-		}, nil
-	case C.TLSEngineDefault, "go":
-	default:
-		return nil, E.New("unknown HTTP engine: ", options.Engine)
-	}
-	tlsOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.TLS)
-	tlsOptions.Enabled = true
-	baseTLSConfig, err := tls.NewClientWithOptions(tls.ClientOptions{
-		Context:              ctx,
-		Logger:               logger,
-		Options:              tlsOptions,
-		AllowEmptyServerName: true,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return NewTransportWithDialer(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, tag, options)
-}
-
-func NewTransportWithDialer(rawDialer N.Dialer, baseTLSConfig tls.Config, tag string, options option.HTTPClientOptions) (*Transport, error) {
-	transport, err := newTransport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	headers := options.Headers.Build()
-	host := headers.Get("Host")
-	headers.Del("Host")
-	return &Transport{
-		transport: transport,
-		dialer:    rawDialer,
-		headers:   headers,
-		host:      host,
-		tag:       tag,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func newTransport(rawDialer N.Dialer, baseTLSConfig tls.Config, options option.HTTPClientOptions) (adapter.HTTPTransport, error) {
-	version := options.Version
-	if version == 0 {
-		version = 2
-	}
-	fallbackDelay := time.Duration(options.DialerOptions.FallbackDelay)
-	if fallbackDelay == 0 {
-		fallbackDelay = 300 * time.Millisecond
-	}
-	var transport adapter.HTTPTransport
-	var err error
-	switch version {
-	case 1:
-		transport = newHTTP1Transport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig)
-	case 2:
-		if options.DisableVersionFallback {
-			transport, err = newHTTP2Transport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, options.HTTP2Options)
-		} else {
-			transport, err = newHTTP2FallbackTransport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, options.HTTP2Options)
-		}
-	case 3:
-		if baseTLSConfig != nil {
-			_, err = baseTLSConfig.STDConfig()
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-		}
-		if options.DisableVersionFallback {
-			transport, err = newHTTP3Transport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, options.HTTP3Options)
-		} else {
-			var h2Fallback adapter.HTTPTransport
-			h2Fallback, err = newHTTP2FallbackTransport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, options.HTTP2Options)
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			transport, err = newHTTP3FallbackTransport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, h2Fallback, options.HTTP3Options, fallbackDelay)
-		}
-	default:
-		return nil, E.New("unknown HTTP version: ", version)
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return transport, nil
-}
-
-func (c *Transport) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-	if c.tag == "" && len(c.headers) == 0 && c.host == "" {
-		return c.transport.RoundTrip(request)
-	}
-	if c.tag != "" {
-		if transportTag, loaded := transportTagFromContext(request.Context()); loaded && transportTag == c.tag {
-			return nil, E.New("HTTP request loopback in transport[", c.tag, "]")
-		}
-		request = request.Clone(contextWithTransportTag(request.Context(), c.tag))
-	} else {
-		request = request.Clone(request.Context())
-	}
-	applyHeaders(request, c.headers, c.host)
-	return c.transport.RoundTrip(request)
-}
-
-func (c *Transport) CloseIdleConnections() {
-	c.transport.CloseIdleConnections()
-}
-
-func (c *Transport) Clone() adapter.HTTPTransport {
-	return &Transport{
-		transport: c.transport.Clone(),
-		dialer:    c.dialer,
-		headers:   c.headers.Clone(),
-		host:      c.host,
-		tag:       c.tag,
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *Transport) Close() error {
-	return c.transport.Close()
-}
-
-// InitializeDetour eagerly resolves the detour dialer backing transport so that
-// detour misconfigurations surface at startup instead of on the first request.
-func InitializeDetour(transport adapter.HTTPTransport) error {
-	if shared, isShared := transport.(*sharedTransport); isShared {
-		transport = shared.HTTPTransport
-	}
-	inner, isInner := transport.(*Transport)
-	if !isInner {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return dialer.InitializeDetour(inner.dialer)
-}
--- a/common/httpclient/context.go
+++ b/common/httpclient/context.go
@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-package httpclient
-
-import "context"
-
-type transportKey struct{}
-
-func contextWithTransportTag(ctx context.Context, transportTag string) context.Context {
-	return context.WithValue(ctx, transportKey{}, transportTag)
-}
-
-func transportTagFromContext(ctx context.Context) (string, bool) {
-	value, loaded := ctx.Value(transportKey{}).(string)
-	return value, loaded
-}
--- a/common/httpclient/cronet_transport_stub.go
+++ b/common/httpclient/cronet_transport_stub.go
@@ -1,17 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !with_naive_outbound
-
-package httpclient
-
-import (
-	"context"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-func newCronetTransport(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, rawDialer N.Dialer, options option.HTTPClientOptions) (adapter.HTTPTransport, error) {
-	return nil, E.New("Cronet HTTP engine is not available on current platform/build")
-}
--- a/common/httpclient/cronet_transport_supported.go
+++ b/common/httpclient/cronet_transport_supported.go
@@ -1,249 +0,0 @@
-//go:build with_naive_outbound
-
-package httpclient
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"encoding/pem"
-	"net/http"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/cronet-go"
-	_ "github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/all"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/dialer"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	singLogger "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
-
-	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
-)
-
-type cronetTransportShared struct {
-	roundTripper *cronet.RoundTripper
-	refs         atomic.Int32
-}
-
-type cronetTransport struct {
-	shared *cronetTransportShared
-}
-
-func newCronetTransport(ctx context.Context, logger singLogger.ContextLogger, rawDialer N.Dialer, options option.HTTPClientOptions) (adapter.HTTPTransport, error) {
-	version := options.Version
-	if version == 0 {
-		version = 2
-	}
-	switch version {
-	case 1, 2, 3:
-	default:
-		return nil, E.New("unknown HTTP version: ", version)
-	}
-	if options.DisableVersionFallback && version != 3 {
-		return nil, E.New("disable_version_fallback is unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine unless version is 3")
-	}
-	switch version {
-	case 1:
-		if options.HTTP2Options != (option.HTTP2Options{}) {
-			return nil, E.New("HTTP/2 options are unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine for HTTP/1.1")
-		}
-		if options.HTTP3Options != (option.QUICOptions{}) {
-			return nil, E.New("QUIC options are unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine for HTTP/1.1")
-		}
-	case 2:
-		if options.HTTP2Options.IdleTimeout != 0 ||
-			options.HTTP2Options.KeepAlivePeriod != 0 ||
-			options.HTTP2Options.MaxConcurrentStreams > 0 {
-			return nil, E.New("selected HTTP/2 options are unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine")
-		}
-	case 3:
-		if options.HTTP3Options.KeepAlivePeriod != 0 ||
-			options.HTTP3Options.InitialPacketSize > 0 ||
-			options.HTTP3Options.DisablePathMTUDiscovery ||
-			options.HTTP3Options.MaxConcurrentStreams > 0 {
-			return nil, E.New("selected QUIC options are unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine")
-		}
-	}
-
-	tlsOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.TLS)
-	if tlsOptions.Engine != "" {
-		return nil, E.New("tls.engine is unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine")
-	}
-	if tlsOptions.DisableSNI {
-		return nil, E.New("disable_sni is unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine")
-	}
-	if tlsOptions.Insecure {
-		return nil, E.New("tls.insecure is unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine")
-	}
-	if len(tlsOptions.ALPN) > 0 {
-		return nil, E.New("tls.alpn is unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine")
-	}
-	if tlsOptions.MinVersion != "" || tlsOptions.MaxVersion != "" {
-		return nil, E.New("tls.min_version/max_version is unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine")
-	}
-	if len(tlsOptions.CipherSuites) > 0 {
-		return nil, E.New("cipher_suites is unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine")
-	}
-	if len(tlsOptions.CurvePreferences) > 0 {
-		return nil, E.New("curve_preferences is unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine")
-	}
-	if len(tlsOptions.ClientCertificate) > 0 || len(tlsOptions.ClientCertificatePath) > 0 {
-		return nil, E.New("client certificate is unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine")
-	}
-	if len(tlsOptions.ClientKey) > 0 || tlsOptions.ClientKeyPath != "" {
-		return nil, E.New("client key is unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine")
-	}
-	if tlsOptions.Fragment || tlsOptions.RecordFragment {
-		return nil, E.New("tls fragment is unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine")
-	}
-	if tlsOptions.KernelTx || tlsOptions.KernelRx {
-		return nil, E.New("ktls is unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine")
-	}
-	if tlsOptions.HandshakeTimeout != 0 {
-		return nil, E.New("tls.handshake_timeout is unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine")
-	}
-	if tlsOptions.UTLS != nil && tlsOptions.UTLS.Enabled {
-		return nil, E.New("utls is unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine")
-	}
-	if tlsOptions.Reality != nil && tlsOptions.Reality.Enabled {
-		return nil, E.New("reality is unsupported in Cronet HTTP engine")
-	}
-
-	trustedRootCertificates, err := readCronetRootCertificates(tlsOptions)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	echEnabled, echConfigList, echQueryServerName, err := readCronetECH(tlsOptions)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	dnsResolver := newCronetDNSResolver(ctx, logger, rawDialer)
-	if echEnabled && dnsResolver == nil {
-		return nil, E.New("ECH requires a configured DNS resolver in Cronet HTTP engine")
-	}
-
-	roundTripper, err := cronet.NewRoundTripper(cronet.RoundTripperOptions{
-		Logger:                 logger,
-		Version:                version,
-		DisableVersionFallback: options.DisableVersionFallback,
-		Dialer:                 rawDialer,
-		DNSResolver:            dnsResolver,
-		TLS: cronet.RoundTripperTLSOptions{
-			ServerName:              tlsOptions.ServerName,
-			TrustedRootCertificates: trustedRootCertificates,
-			PinnedPublicKeySHA256:   tlsOptions.CertificatePublicKeySHA256,
-			ECHEnabled:              echEnabled,
-			ECHConfigList:           echConfigList,
-			ECHQueryServerName:      echQueryServerName,
-		},
-		HTTP2: cronet.RoundTripperHTTP2Options{
-			StreamReceiveWindow:     options.HTTP2Options.StreamReceiveWindow.Value(),
-			ConnectionReceiveWindow: options.HTTP2Options.ConnectionReceiveWindow.Value(),
-		},
-		QUIC: cronet.RoundTripperQUICOptions{
-			StreamReceiveWindow:     options.HTTP3Options.StreamReceiveWindow.Value(),
-			ConnectionReceiveWindow: options.HTTP3Options.ConnectionReceiveWindow.Value(),
-			IdleTimeout:             time.Duration(options.HTTP3Options.IdleTimeout),
-		},
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	shared := &cronetTransportShared{
-		roundTripper: roundTripper,
-	}
-	shared.refs.Store(1)
-	return &cronetTransport{shared: shared}, nil
-}
-
-func readCronetRootCertificates(tlsOptions option.OutboundTLSOptions) (string, error) {
-	if len(tlsOptions.Certificate) > 0 {
-		return strings.Join(tlsOptions.Certificate, "\n"), nil
-	}
-	if tlsOptions.CertificatePath == "" {
-		return "", nil
-	}
-	content, err := os.ReadFile(tlsOptions.CertificatePath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", E.Cause(err, "read certificate")
-	}
-	return string(content), nil
-}
-
-func readCronetECH(tlsOptions option.OutboundTLSOptions) (bool, []byte, string, error) {
-	if tlsOptions.ECH == nil || !tlsOptions.ECH.Enabled {
-		return false, nil, "", nil
-	}
-	//nolint:staticcheck
-	if tlsOptions.ECH.PQSignatureSchemesEnabled || tlsOptions.ECH.DynamicRecordSizingDisabled {
-		return false, nil, "", E.New("legacy ECH options are deprecated in sing-box 1.12.0 and removed in sing-box 1.13.0")
-	}
-	var echConfig []byte
-	if len(tlsOptions.ECH.Config) > 0 {
-		echConfig = []byte(strings.Join(tlsOptions.ECH.Config, "\n"))
-	} else if tlsOptions.ECH.ConfigPath != "" {
-		content, err := os.ReadFile(tlsOptions.ECH.ConfigPath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return false, nil, "", E.Cause(err, "read ECH config")
-		}
-		echConfig = content
-	}
-	if len(echConfig) == 0 {
-		return true, nil, tlsOptions.ECH.QueryServerName, nil
-	}
-	block, rest := pem.Decode(echConfig)
-	if block == nil || block.Type != "ECH CONFIGS" || len(rest) > 0 {
-		return false, nil, "", E.New("invalid ECH configs pem")
-	}
-	return true, block.Bytes, tlsOptions.ECH.QueryServerName, nil
-}
-
-func newCronetDNSResolver(ctx context.Context, logger singLogger.ContextLogger, rawDialer N.Dialer) cronet.DNSResolverFunc {
-	resolveDialer, isResolveDialer := rawDialer.(dialer.ResolveDialer)
-	if !isResolveDialer {
-		return nil
-	}
-	dnsRouter := service.FromContext[adapter.DNSRouter](ctx)
-	if dnsRouter == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	queryOptions := resolveDialer.QueryOptions()
-	return func(dnsContext context.Context, request *mDNS.Msg) *mDNS.Msg {
-		response, err := dnsRouter.Exchange(dnsContext, request, queryOptions)
-		if err == nil {
-			return response
-		}
-		logger.Error("DNS exchange failed: ", err)
-		failure := new(mDNS.Msg)
-		failure.SetReply(request)
-		failure.Rcode = mDNS.RcodeServerFailure
-		return failure
-	}
-}
-
-func (t *cronetTransport) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-	return t.shared.roundTripper.RoundTrip(request)
-}
-
-func (t *cronetTransport) CloseIdleConnections() {
-	t.shared.roundTripper.CloseIdleConnections()
-}
-
-func (t *cronetTransport) Clone() adapter.HTTPTransport {
-	t.shared.refs.Add(1)
-	return &cronetTransport{shared: t.shared}
-}
-
-func (t *cronetTransport) Close() error {
-	if t.shared.refs.Add(-1) == 0 {
-		return t.shared.roundTripper.Close()
-	}
-	return nil
-}
--- a/common/httpclient/helpers.go
+++ b/common/httpclient/helpers.go
@@ -1,86 +0,0 @@
-package httpclient
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	stdTLS "crypto/tls"
-	"io"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-func dialTLS(ctx context.Context, rawDialer N.Dialer, baseTLSConfig tls.Config, destination M.Socksaddr, nextProtos []string, expectProto string) (net.Conn, error) {
-	if baseTLSConfig == nil {
-		return nil, E.New("TLS transport unavailable")
-	}
-	tlsConfig := baseTLSConfig.Clone()
-	if tlsConfig.ServerName() == "" && destination.IsValid() {
-		tlsConfig.SetServerName(destination.AddrString())
-	}
-	tlsConfig.SetNextProtos(nextProtos)
-	conn, err := rawDialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, destination)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	tlsConn, err := tls.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, tlsConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		conn.Close()
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if expectProto != "" && tlsConn.ConnectionState().NegotiatedProtocol != expectProto {
-		tlsConn.Close()
-		return nil, errHTTP2Fallback
-	}
-	return tlsConn, nil
-}
-
-func applyHeaders(request *http.Request, headers http.Header, host string) {
-	for header, values := range headers {
-		request.Header[header] = append([]string(nil), values...)
-	}
-	if host != "" {
-		request.Host = host
-	}
-}
-
-func requestRequiresHTTP1(request *http.Request) bool {
-	return strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(request.Header.Get("Connection")), "upgrade") &&
-		strings.EqualFold(request.Header.Get("Upgrade"), "websocket")
-}
-
-func requestReplayable(request *http.Request) bool {
-	return request.Body == nil || request.Body == http.NoBody || request.GetBody != nil
-}
-
-func cloneRequestForRetry(request *http.Request) *http.Request {
-	cloned := request.Clone(request.Context())
-	if request.Body != nil && request.Body != http.NoBody && request.GetBody != nil {
-		cloned.Body = mustGetBody(request)
-	}
-	return cloned
-}
-
-func mustGetBody(request *http.Request) io.ReadCloser {
-	body, err := request.GetBody()
-	if err != nil {
-		panic(err)
-	}
-	return body
-}
-
-func buildSTDTLSConfig(baseTLSConfig tls.Config, destination M.Socksaddr, nextProtos []string) (*stdTLS.Config, error) {
-	if baseTLSConfig == nil {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-	tlsConfig := baseTLSConfig.Clone()
-	if tlsConfig.ServerName() == "" && destination.IsValid() {
-		tlsConfig.SetServerName(destination.AddrString())
-	}
-	tlsConfig.SetNextProtos(nextProtos)
-	return tlsConfig.STDConfig()
-}
--- a/common/httpclient/http1_transport.go
+++ b/common/httpclient/http1_transport.go
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-package httpclient
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-type http1Transport struct {
-	transport *http.Transport
-}
-
-func newHTTP1Transport(rawDialer N.Dialer, baseTLSConfig tls.Config) *http1Transport {
-	transport := &http.Transport{
-		DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-			return rawDialer.DialContext(ctx, network, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
-		},
-	}
-	if baseTLSConfig != nil {
-		transport.DialTLSContext = func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-			return dialTLS(ctx, rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr), []string{"http/1.1"}, "")
-		}
-	}
-	return &http1Transport{transport: transport}
-}
-
-func (t *http1Transport) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-	return t.transport.RoundTrip(request)
-}
-
-func (t *http1Transport) CloseIdleConnections() {
-	t.transport.CloseIdleConnections()
-}
-
-func (t *http1Transport) Clone() adapter.HTTPTransport {
-	return &http1Transport{transport: t.transport.Clone()}
-}
-
-func (t *http1Transport) Close() error {
-	t.CloseIdleConnections()
-	return nil
-}
--- a/common/httpclient/http2_config.go
+++ b/common/httpclient/http2_config.go
@@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
-package httpclient
-
-import (
-	stdTLS "crypto/tls"
-	"net/http"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-
-	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
-)
-
-func CloneHTTP2Transport(transport *http2.Transport) *http2.Transport {
-	return &http2.Transport{
-		ReadIdleTimeout: transport.ReadIdleTimeout,
-		PingTimeout:     transport.PingTimeout,
-		DialTLSContext:  transport.DialTLSContext,
-	}
-}
-
-func ConfigureHTTP2Transport(options option.HTTP2Options) (*http2.Transport, error) {
-	stdTransport := &http.Transport{
-		TLSClientConfig: &stdTLS.Config{},
-		HTTP2: &http.HTTP2Config{
-			MaxReceiveBufferPerStream:     int(options.StreamReceiveWindow.Value()),
-			MaxReceiveBufferPerConnection: int(options.ConnectionReceiveWindow.Value()),
-			MaxConcurrentStreams:          options.MaxConcurrentStreams,
-			SendPingTimeout:               time.Duration(options.KeepAlivePeriod),
-			PingTimeout:                   time.Duration(options.IdleTimeout),
-		},
-	}
-	h2Transport, err := http2.ConfigureTransports(stdTransport)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "configure HTTP/2 transport")
-	}
-	// ConfigureTransports binds ConnPool to the throwaway http.Transport; sever it so DialTLSContext is used directly.
-	h2Transport.ConnPool = nil
-	h2Transport.ReadIdleTimeout = time.Duration(options.KeepAlivePeriod)
-	h2Transport.PingTimeout = time.Duration(options.IdleTimeout)
-	return h2Transport, nil
-}
--- a/common/httpclient/http2_fallback_transport.go
+++ b/common/httpclient/http2_fallback_transport.go
@@ -1,93 +0,0 @@
-package httpclient
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	stdTLS "crypto/tls"
-	"errors"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"sync/atomic"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-
-	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
-)
-
-var errHTTP2Fallback = E.New("fallback to HTTP/1.1")
-
-type http2FallbackTransport struct {
-	h2Transport *http2.Transport
-	h1Transport *http1Transport
-	h2Fallback  *atomic.Bool
-}
-
-func newHTTP2FallbackTransport(rawDialer N.Dialer, baseTLSConfig tls.Config, options option.HTTP2Options) (*http2FallbackTransport, error) {
-	h1 := newHTTP1Transport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig)
-	var fallback atomic.Bool
-	h2Transport, err := ConfigureHTTP2Transport(options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	h2Transport.DialTLSContext = func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string, _ *stdTLS.Config) (net.Conn, error) {
-		conn, dialErr := dialTLS(ctx, rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr), []string{http2.NextProtoTLS, "http/1.1"}, http2.NextProtoTLS)
-		if dialErr != nil {
-			if errors.Is(dialErr, errHTTP2Fallback) {
-				fallback.Store(true)
-			}
-			return nil, dialErr
-		}
-		return conn, nil
-	}
-	return &http2FallbackTransport{
-		h2Transport: h2Transport,
-		h1Transport: h1,
-		h2Fallback:  &fallback,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (t *http2FallbackTransport) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-	return t.roundTrip(request, true)
-}
-
-func (t *http2FallbackTransport) roundTrip(request *http.Request, allowHTTP1Fallback bool) (*http.Response, error) {
-	if request.URL.Scheme != "https" || requestRequiresHTTP1(request) {
-		return t.h1Transport.RoundTrip(request)
-	}
-	if t.h2Fallback.Load() {
-		if !allowHTTP1Fallback {
-			return nil, errHTTP2Fallback
-		}
-		return t.h1Transport.RoundTrip(request)
-	}
-	response, err := t.h2Transport.RoundTrip(request)
-	if err == nil {
-		return response, nil
-	}
-	if !errors.Is(err, errHTTP2Fallback) || !allowHTTP1Fallback {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return t.h1Transport.RoundTrip(cloneRequestForRetry(request))
-}
-
-func (t *http2FallbackTransport) CloseIdleConnections() {
-	t.h1Transport.CloseIdleConnections()
-	t.h2Transport.CloseIdleConnections()
-}
-
-func (t *http2FallbackTransport) Clone() adapter.HTTPTransport {
-	return &http2FallbackTransport{
-		h2Transport: CloneHTTP2Transport(t.h2Transport),
-		h1Transport: t.h1Transport.Clone().(*http1Transport),
-		h2Fallback:  t.h2Fallback,
-	}
-}
-
-func (t *http2FallbackTransport) Close() error {
-	t.CloseIdleConnections()
-	return nil
-}
--- a/common/httpclient/http2_transport.go
+++ b/common/httpclient/http2_transport.go
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-package httpclient
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	stdTLS "crypto/tls"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-
-	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
-)
-
-type http2Transport struct {
-	h2Transport *http2.Transport
-	h1Transport *http1Transport
-}
-
-func newHTTP2Transport(rawDialer N.Dialer, baseTLSConfig tls.Config, options option.HTTP2Options) (*http2Transport, error) {
-	h1 := newHTTP1Transport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig)
-	h2Transport, err := ConfigureHTTP2Transport(options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	h2Transport.DialTLSContext = func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string, _ *stdTLS.Config) (net.Conn, error) {
-		return dialTLS(ctx, rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr), []string{http2.NextProtoTLS}, http2.NextProtoTLS)
-	}
-	return &http2Transport{
-		h2Transport: h2Transport,
-		h1Transport: h1,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (t *http2Transport) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-	if request.URL.Scheme != "https" || requestRequiresHTTP1(request) {
-		return t.h1Transport.RoundTrip(request)
-	}
-	return t.h2Transport.RoundTrip(request)
-}
-
-func (t *http2Transport) CloseIdleConnections() {
-	t.h1Transport.CloseIdleConnections()
-	t.h2Transport.CloseIdleConnections()
-}
-
-func (t *http2Transport) Clone() adapter.HTTPTransport {
-	return &http2Transport{
-		h2Transport: CloneHTTP2Transport(t.h2Transport),
-		h1Transport: t.h1Transport.Clone().(*http1Transport),
-	}
-}
-
-func (t *http2Transport) Close() error {
-	t.CloseIdleConnections()
-	return nil
-}
--- a/common/httpclient/http3_transport.go
+++ b/common/httpclient/http3_transport.go
@@ -1,312 +0,0 @@
-//go:build with_quic
-
-package httpclient
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	stdTLS "crypto/tls"
-	"errors"
-	"net/http"
-	"sync"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/quic-go"
-	"github.com/sagernet/quic-go/http3"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-type http3Transport struct {
-	h3Transport *http3.Transport
-}
-
-type http3FallbackTransport struct {
-	h3Transport   *http3.Transport
-	h2Fallback    adapter.HTTPTransport
-	fallbackDelay time.Duration
-	brokenAccess  sync.Mutex
-	brokenUntil   time.Time
-	brokenBackoff time.Duration
-}
-
-func newHTTP3RoundTripper(
-	rawDialer N.Dialer,
-	baseTLSConfig tls.Config,
-	options option.QUICOptions,
-) *http3.Transport {
-	var handshakeTimeout time.Duration
-	if baseTLSConfig != nil {
-		handshakeTimeout = baseTLSConfig.HandshakeTimeout()
-	}
-	quicConfig := &quic.Config{
-		InitialStreamReceiveWindow:     options.StreamReceiveWindow.Value(),
-		MaxStreamReceiveWindow:         options.StreamReceiveWindow.Value(),
-		InitialConnectionReceiveWindow: options.ConnectionReceiveWindow.Value(),
-		MaxConnectionReceiveWindow:     options.ConnectionReceiveWindow.Value(),
-		KeepAlivePeriod:                time.Duration(options.KeepAlivePeriod),
-		MaxIdleTimeout:                 time.Duration(options.IdleTimeout),
-		DisablePathMTUDiscovery:        options.DisablePathMTUDiscovery,
-	}
-	if options.InitialPacketSize > 0 {
-		quicConfig.InitialPacketSize = uint16(options.InitialPacketSize)
-	}
-	if options.MaxConcurrentStreams > 0 {
-		quicConfig.MaxIncomingStreams = int64(options.MaxConcurrentStreams)
-	}
-	if handshakeTimeout > 0 {
-		quicConfig.HandshakeIdleTimeout = handshakeTimeout
-	}
-	h3Transport := &http3.Transport{
-		TLSClientConfig: &stdTLS.Config{},
-		QUICConfig:      quicConfig,
-		Dial: func(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsConfig *stdTLS.Config, quicConfig *quic.Config) (*quic.Conn, error) {
-			if handshakeTimeout > 0 && quicConfig.HandshakeIdleTimeout == 0 {
-				quicConfig = quicConfig.Clone()
-				quicConfig.HandshakeIdleTimeout = handshakeTimeout
-			}
-			if baseTLSConfig != nil {
-				var err error
-				tlsConfig, err = buildSTDTLSConfig(baseTLSConfig, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr), []string{http3.NextProtoH3})
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-			} else {
-				tlsConfig = tlsConfig.Clone()
-				tlsConfig.NextProtos = []string{http3.NextProtoH3}
-			}
-			conn, err := rawDialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
-			if err != nil {
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			quicConn, err := quic.DialEarly(ctx, bufio.NewUnbindPacketConn(conn), conn.RemoteAddr(), tlsConfig, quicConfig)
-			if err != nil {
-				conn.Close()
-				return nil, err
-			}
-			return quicConn, nil
-		},
-	}
-	return h3Transport
-}
-
-func newHTTP3Transport(
-	rawDialer N.Dialer,
-	baseTLSConfig tls.Config,
-	options option.QUICOptions,
-) (adapter.HTTPTransport, error) {
-	return &http3Transport{
-		h3Transport: newHTTP3RoundTripper(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, options),
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func newHTTP3FallbackTransport(
-	rawDialer N.Dialer,
-	baseTLSConfig tls.Config,
-	h2Fallback adapter.HTTPTransport,
-	options option.QUICOptions,
-	fallbackDelay time.Duration,
-) (adapter.HTTPTransport, error) {
-	return &http3FallbackTransport{
-		h3Transport:   newHTTP3RoundTripper(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, options),
-		h2Fallback:    h2Fallback,
-		fallbackDelay: fallbackDelay,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (t *http3Transport) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-	return t.h3Transport.RoundTrip(request)
-}
-
-func (t *http3Transport) CloseIdleConnections() {
-	t.h3Transport.CloseIdleConnections()
-}
-
-func (t *http3Transport) Close() error {
-	t.CloseIdleConnections()
-	return t.h3Transport.Close()
-}
-
-func (t *http3Transport) Clone() adapter.HTTPTransport {
-	return &http3Transport{
-		h3Transport: t.h3Transport,
-	}
-}
-
-func (t *http3FallbackTransport) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-	if request.URL.Scheme != "https" || requestRequiresHTTP1(request) {
-		return t.h2Fallback.RoundTrip(request)
-	}
-	return t.roundTripHTTP3(request)
-}
-
-func (t *http3FallbackTransport) roundTripHTTP3(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-	if t.h3Broken() {
-		return t.h2FallbackRoundTrip(request)
-	}
-	response, err := t.h3Transport.RoundTripOpt(request, http3.RoundTripOpt{OnlyCachedConn: true})
-	if err == nil {
-		t.clearH3Broken()
-		return response, nil
-	}
-	if !errors.Is(err, http3.ErrNoCachedConn) {
-		t.markH3Broken()
-		return t.h2FallbackRoundTrip(cloneRequestForRetry(request))
-	}
-	if !requestReplayable(request) {
-		response, err = t.h3Transport.RoundTrip(request)
-		if err == nil {
-			t.clearH3Broken()
-			return response, nil
-		}
-		t.markH3Broken()
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return t.roundTripHTTP3Race(request)
-}
-
-func (t *http3FallbackTransport) roundTripHTTP3Race(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(request.Context())
-	defer cancel()
-	type result struct {
-		response *http.Response
-		err      error
-		h3       bool
-	}
-	results := make(chan result, 2)
-	startRoundTrip := func(request *http.Request, useH3 bool) {
-		request = request.WithContext(ctx)
-		var (
-			response *http.Response
-			err      error
-		)
-		if useH3 {
-			response, err = t.h3Transport.RoundTrip(request)
-		} else {
-			response, err = t.h2FallbackRoundTrip(request)
-		}
-		results <- result{response: response, err: err, h3: useH3}
-	}
-	goroutines := 1
-	received := 0
-	drainRemaining := func() {
-		cancel()
-		for range goroutines - received {
-			go func() {
-				loser := <-results
-				if loser.response != nil && loser.response.Body != nil {
-					loser.response.Body.Close()
-				}
-			}()
-		}
-	}
-	go startRoundTrip(cloneRequestForRetry(request), true)
-	timer := time.NewTimer(t.fallbackDelay)
-	defer timer.Stop()
-	var (
-		h3Err       error
-		fallbackErr error
-	)
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-timer.C:
-			if goroutines == 1 {
-				goroutines++
-				go startRoundTrip(cloneRequestForRetry(request), false)
-			}
-		case raceResult := <-results:
-			received++
-			if raceResult.err == nil {
-				if raceResult.h3 {
-					t.clearH3Broken()
-				}
-				drainRemaining()
-				return raceResult.response, nil
-			}
-			if raceResult.h3 {
-				t.markH3Broken()
-				h3Err = raceResult.err
-				if goroutines == 1 {
-					goroutines++
-					if !timer.Stop() {
-						select {
-						case <-timer.C:
-						default:
-						}
-					}
-					go startRoundTrip(cloneRequestForRetry(request), false)
-				}
-			} else {
-				fallbackErr = raceResult.err
-			}
-			if received < goroutines {
-				continue
-			}
-			drainRemaining()
-			switch {
-			case h3Err != nil && fallbackErr != nil:
-				return nil, E.Errors(h3Err, fallbackErr)
-			case fallbackErr != nil:
-				return nil, fallbackErr
-			default:
-				return nil, h3Err
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (t *http3FallbackTransport) h2FallbackRoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-	if fallback, isFallback := t.h2Fallback.(*http2FallbackTransport); isFallback {
-		return fallback.roundTrip(request, true)
-	}
-	return t.h2Fallback.RoundTrip(request)
-}
-
-func (t *http3FallbackTransport) CloseIdleConnections() {
-	t.h3Transport.CloseIdleConnections()
-	t.h2Fallback.CloseIdleConnections()
-}
-
-func (t *http3FallbackTransport) Close() error {
-	t.CloseIdleConnections()
-	return t.h3Transport.Close()
-}
-
-func (t *http3FallbackTransport) Clone() adapter.HTTPTransport {
-	return &http3FallbackTransport{
-		h3Transport:   t.h3Transport,
-		h2Fallback:    t.h2Fallback.Clone(),
-		fallbackDelay: t.fallbackDelay,
-	}
-}
-
-func (t *http3FallbackTransport) h3Broken() bool {
-	t.brokenAccess.Lock()
-	defer t.brokenAccess.Unlock()
-	return !t.brokenUntil.IsZero() && time.Now().Before(t.brokenUntil)
-}
-
-func (t *http3FallbackTransport) clearH3Broken() {
-	t.brokenAccess.Lock()
-	t.brokenUntil = time.Time{}
-	t.brokenBackoff = 0
-	t.brokenAccess.Unlock()
-}
-
-func (t *http3FallbackTransport) markH3Broken() {
-	t.brokenAccess.Lock()
-	defer t.brokenAccess.Unlock()
-	if t.brokenBackoff == 0 {
-		t.brokenBackoff = 5 * time.Minute
-	} else {
-		t.brokenBackoff *= 2
-		if t.brokenBackoff > 48*time.Hour {
-			t.brokenBackoff = 48 * time.Hour
-		}
-	}
-	t.brokenUntil = time.Now().Add(t.brokenBackoff)
-}
--- a/common/httpclient/http3_transport_stub.go
+++ b/common/httpclient/http3_transport_stub.go
@@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !with_quic
-
-package httpclient
-
-import (
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-func newHTTP3FallbackTransport(
-	rawDialer N.Dialer,
-	baseTLSConfig tls.Config,
-	h2Fallback adapter.HTTPTransport,
-	options option.QUICOptions,
-	fallbackDelay time.Duration,
-) (adapter.HTTPTransport, error) {
-	return nil, E.New("HTTP/3 requires building with the with_quic tag")
-}
-
-func newHTTP3Transport(
-	rawDialer N.Dialer,
-	baseTLSConfig tls.Config,
-	options option.QUICOptions,
-) (adapter.HTTPTransport, error) {
-	return nil, E.New("HTTP/3 requires building with the with_quic tag")
-}
--- a/common/httpclient/manager.go
+++ b/common/httpclient/manager.go
@@ -1,164 +0,0 @@
-package httpclient
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
-)
-
-var (
-	_ adapter.HTTPClientManager = (*Manager)(nil)
-	_ adapter.LifecycleService  = (*Manager)(nil)
-)
-
-type Manager struct {
-	ctx                      context.Context
-	logger                   log.ContextLogger
-	access                   sync.Mutex
-	defines                  map[string]option.HTTPClient
-	transports               map[string]*Transport
-	defaultTag               string
-	defaultTransport         adapter.HTTPTransport
-	defaultTransportFallback func() (*Transport, error)
-	fallbackTransport        *Transport
-}
-
-func NewManager(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, clients []option.HTTPClient, defaultHTTPClient string) *Manager {
-	defines := make(map[string]option.HTTPClient, len(clients))
-	for _, client := range clients {
-		defines[client.Tag] = client
-	}
-	defaultTag := defaultHTTPClient
-	if defaultTag == "" && len(clients) > 0 {
-		defaultTag = clients[0].Tag
-	}
-	return &Manager{
-		ctx:        ctx,
-		logger:     logger,
-		defines:    defines,
-		transports: make(map[string]*Transport),
-		defaultTag: defaultTag,
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Initialize(defaultTransportFallback func() (*Transport, error)) {
-	m.defaultTransportFallback = defaultTransportFallback
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Name() string {
-	return "http-client"
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
-	if stage != adapter.StartStateStart {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if m.defaultTag != "" {
-		transport, err := m.resolveShared(m.defaultTag)
-		if err != nil {
-			return E.Cause(err, "resolve default http client")
-		}
-		m.defaultTransport = transport
-	} else if m.defaultTransportFallback != nil {
-		transport, err := m.defaultTransportFallback()
-		if err != nil {
-			return E.Cause(err, "create default http client")
-		}
-		m.defaultTransport = transport
-		m.fallbackTransport = transport
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) DefaultTransport() adapter.HTTPTransport {
-	if m.defaultTransport == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return &sharedTransport{m.defaultTransport}
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) ResolveTransport(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, options option.HTTPClientOptions) (adapter.HTTPTransport, error) {
-	if options.Tag != "" {
-		if options.ResolveOnDetour {
-			define, loaded := m.defines[options.Tag]
-			if !loaded {
-				return nil, E.New("http_client not found: ", options.Tag)
-			}
-			resolvedOptions := define.Options()
-			resolvedOptions.ResolveOnDetour = true
-			return NewTransport(ctx, logger, options.Tag, resolvedOptions)
-		}
-		transport, err := m.resolveShared(options.Tag)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return &sharedTransport{transport}, nil
-	}
-	return NewTransport(ctx, logger, "", options)
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) resolveShared(tag string) (adapter.HTTPTransport, error) {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	if transport, loaded := m.transports[tag]; loaded {
-		return transport, nil
-	}
-	define, loaded := m.defines[tag]
-	if !loaded {
-		return nil, E.New("http_client not found: ", tag)
-	}
-	transport, err := NewTransport(m.ctx, m.logger, tag, define.Options())
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "create shared http_client[", tag, "]")
-	}
-	m.transports[tag] = transport
-	return transport, nil
-}
-
-type sharedTransport struct {
-	adapter.HTTPTransport
-}
-
-func (t *sharedTransport) CloseIdleConnections() {
-}
-
-func (t *sharedTransport) Close() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) ResetNetwork() {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	for _, transport := range m.transports {
-		transport.CloseIdleConnections()
-	}
-	if m.fallbackTransport != nil {
-		m.fallbackTransport.CloseIdleConnections()
-	}
-}
-
-func (m *Manager) Close() error {
-	m.access.Lock()
-	defer m.access.Unlock()
-	if m.transports == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	var err error
-	for _, transport := range m.transports {
-		err = E.Append(err, transport.Close(), func(err error) error {
-			return E.Cause(err, "close http client")
-		})
-	}
-	if m.fallbackTransport != nil {
-		err = E.Append(err, m.fallbackTransport.Close(), func(err error) error {
-			return E.Cause(err, "close default http client")
-		})
-	}
-	m.transports = nil
-	return err
-}
--- a/common/ktls/ktls_read.go
+++ b/common/ktls/ktls_read.go
@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net"
-	"unsafe"
 )

 func (c *Conn) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
@@ -230,7 +229,7 @@ func (c *Conn) readRawRecord() (typ uint8, data []byte, err error) {
 	record := c.rawConn.RawInput.Next(recordHeaderLen + n)
 	data, typ, err = c.rawConn.In.Decrypt(record)
 	if err != nil {
-		err = c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(*(*uint8)((*[2]unsafe.Pointer)(unsafe.Pointer(&err))[1])))
+		err = c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(uint8(err.(tls.AlertError))))
 		return
 	}
 	return
--- a/common/listener/listener.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener.go
@@ -151,7 +151,6 @@ func ListenNetworkNamespace[T any](nameOrPath string, block func() (T, error)) (
 		if err != nil {
 			return common.DefaultValue[T](), E.Cause(err, "get current netns")
 		}
-		defer currentNs.Close()
 		defer netns.Set(currentNs)
 		var targetNs netns.NsHandle
 		if strings.HasPrefix(nameOrPath, "/") {
--- a/common/listener/listener_tcp.go
+++ b/common/listener/listener_tcp.go
@@ -37,10 +37,7 @@ func (l *Listener) ListenTCP() (net.Listener, error) {
 	if l.listenOptions.ReuseAddr {
 		listenConfig.Control = control.Append(listenConfig.Control, control.ReuseAddr())
 	}
-	if l.listenOptions.DisableTCPKeepAlive {
-		listenConfig.KeepAlive = -1
-		listenConfig.KeepAliveConfig.Enable = false
-	} else {
+	if !l.listenOptions.DisableTCPKeepAlive {
 		keepIdle := time.Duration(l.listenOptions.TCPKeepAlive)
 		if keepIdle == 0 {
 			keepIdle = C.TCPKeepAliveInitial
@@ -102,6 +99,8 @@ func (l *Listener) loopTCPIn() {
 		}
 		//nolint:staticcheck
 		metadata.InboundDetour = l.listenOptions.Detour
+		//nolint:staticcheck
+		metadata.InboundOptions = l.listenOptions.InboundOptions
 		metadata.Source = M.SocksaddrFromNet(conn.RemoteAddr()).Unwrap()
 		metadata.OriginDestination = M.SocksaddrFromNet(conn.LocalAddr()).Unwrap()
 		ctx := log.ContextWithNewID(l.ctx)
--- a/common/networkquality/http.go
+++ b/common/networkquality/http.go
@@ -1,142 +0,0 @@
-package networkquality
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"strings"
-
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	sBufio "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-func FormatBitrate(bps int64) string {
-	switch {
-	case bps >= 1_000_000_000:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f Gbps", float64(bps)/1_000_000_000)
-	case bps >= 1_000_000:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f Mbps", float64(bps)/1_000_000)
-	case bps >= 1_000:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f Kbps", float64(bps)/1_000)
-	default:
-		return fmt.Sprintf("%d bps", bps)
-	}
-}
-
-func NewHTTPClient(dialer N.Dialer) *http.Client {
-	transport := &http.Transport{
-		ForceAttemptHTTP2:   true,
-		TLSHandshakeTimeout: C.TCPTimeout,
-	}
-	if dialer != nil {
-		transport.DialContext = func(ctx context.Context, network string, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-			return dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
-		}
-	}
-	return &http.Client{Transport: transport}
-}
-
-func baseTransportFromClient(client *http.Client) (*http.Transport, error) {
-	if client == nil {
-		return nil, E.New("http client is nil")
-	}
-	if client.Transport == nil {
-		return http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).Clone(), nil
-	}
-	transport, ok := client.Transport.(*http.Transport)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, E.New("http client transport must be *http.Transport")
-	}
-	return transport.Clone(), nil
-}
-
-func newMeasurementClient(
-	baseClient *http.Client,
-	connectEndpoint string,
-	singleConnection bool,
-	disableKeepAlives bool,
-	readCounters []N.CountFunc,
-	writeCounters []N.CountFunc,
-) (*http.Client, error) {
-	transport, err := baseTransportFromClient(baseClient)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	transport.DisableCompression = true
-	transport.DisableKeepAlives = disableKeepAlives
-	if singleConnection {
-		transport.MaxConnsPerHost = 1
-		transport.MaxIdleConnsPerHost = 1
-		transport.MaxIdleConns = 1
-	}
-
-	baseDialContext := transport.DialContext
-	if baseDialContext == nil {
-		dialer := &net.Dialer{}
-		baseDialContext = dialer.DialContext
-	}
-	transport.DialContext = func(ctx context.Context, network string, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-		dialAddr := addr
-		if connectEndpoint != "" {
-			dialAddr = rewriteDialAddress(addr, connectEndpoint)
-		}
-		conn, dialErr := baseDialContext(ctx, network, dialAddr)
-		if dialErr != nil {
-			return nil, dialErr
-		}
-		if len(readCounters) > 0 || len(writeCounters) > 0 {
-			return sBufio.NewCounterConn(conn, readCounters, writeCounters), nil
-		}
-		return conn, nil
-	}
-
-	return &http.Client{
-		Transport:     transport,
-		CheckRedirect: baseClient.CheckRedirect,
-		Jar:           baseClient.Jar,
-		Timeout:       baseClient.Timeout,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-type MeasurementClientFactory func(
-	connectEndpoint string,
-	singleConnection bool,
-	disableKeepAlives bool,
-	readCounters []N.CountFunc,
-	writeCounters []N.CountFunc,
-) (*http.Client, error)
-
-func defaultMeasurementClientFactory(baseClient *http.Client) MeasurementClientFactory {
-	return func(connectEndpoint string, singleConnection, disableKeepAlives bool, readCounters, writeCounters []N.CountFunc) (*http.Client, error) {
-		return newMeasurementClient(baseClient, connectEndpoint, singleConnection, disableKeepAlives, readCounters, writeCounters)
-	}
-}
-
-func NewOptionalHTTP3Factory(dialer N.Dialer, useHTTP3 bool) (MeasurementClientFactory, error) {
-	if !useHTTP3 {
-		return nil, nil
-	}
-	return NewHTTP3MeasurementClientFactory(dialer)
-}
-
-func rewriteDialAddress(addr string, connectEndpoint string) string {
-	connectEndpoint = strings.TrimSpace(connectEndpoint)
-	host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return addr
-	}
-	endpointHost, endpointPort, err := net.SplitHostPort(connectEndpoint)
-	if err == nil {
-		host = endpointHost
-		if endpointPort != "" {
-			port = endpointPort
-		}
-	} else if connectEndpoint != "" {
-		host = connectEndpoint
-	}
-	return net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
-}
--- a/common/networkquality/http3.go
+++ b/common/networkquality/http3.go
@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-//go:build with_quic
-
-package networkquality
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"crypto/tls"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/quic-go"
-	"github.com/sagernet/quic-go/http3"
-	sBufio "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-func NewHTTP3MeasurementClientFactory(dialer N.Dialer) (MeasurementClientFactory, error) {
-	// singleConnection and disableKeepAlives are not applied:
-	// HTTP/3 multiplexes streams over a single QUIC connection by default.
-	return func(connectEndpoint string, _, _ bool, readCounters, writeCounters []N.CountFunc) (*http.Client, error) {
-		transport := &http3.Transport{
-			Dial: func(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsCfg *tls.Config, cfg *quic.Config) (*quic.Conn, error) {
-				dialAddr := addr
-				if connectEndpoint != "" {
-					dialAddr = rewriteDialAddress(addr, connectEndpoint)
-				}
-				destination := M.ParseSocksaddr(dialAddr)
-				var udpConn net.Conn
-				var dialErr error
-				if dialer != nil {
-					udpConn, dialErr = dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, destination)
-				} else {
-					var netDialer net.Dialer
-					udpConn, dialErr = netDialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, destination.String())
-				}
-				if dialErr != nil {
-					return nil, dialErr
-				}
-				wrappedConn := udpConn
-				if len(readCounters) > 0 || len(writeCounters) > 0 {
-					wrappedConn = sBufio.NewCounterConn(udpConn, readCounters, writeCounters)
-				}
-				packetConn := sBufio.NewUnbindPacketConn(wrappedConn)
-				quicConn, dialErr := quic.DialEarly(ctx, packetConn, udpConn.RemoteAddr(), tlsCfg, cfg)
-				if dialErr != nil {
-					udpConn.Close()
-					return nil, dialErr
-				}
-				return quicConn, nil
-			},
-		}
-		return &http.Client{Transport: transport}, nil
-	}, nil
-}
--- a/common/networkquality/http3_stub.go
+++ b/common/networkquality/http3_stub.go
@@ -1,12 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !with_quic
-
-package networkquality
-
-import (
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-func NewHTTP3MeasurementClientFactory(dialer N.Dialer) (MeasurementClientFactory, error) {
-	return nil, C.ErrQUICNotIncluded
-}
--- a/common/networkquality/networkquality.go
+++ b/common/networkquality/networkquality.go
--- a/common/process/searcher.go
+++ b/common/process/searcher.go
@@ -14,7 +14,6 @@ import (

 type Searcher interface {
 	FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error)
-	Close() error
 }

 var ErrNotFound = E.New("process not found")
@@ -29,7 +28,7 @@ func FindProcessInfo(searcher Searcher, ctx context.Context, network string, sou
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if info.UserId != -1 && info.UserName == "" {
+	if info.UserId != -1 {
 		osUser, _ := user.LookupId(F.ToString(info.UserId))
 		if osUser != nil {
 			info.UserName = osUser.Username
--- a/common/process/searcher_android.go
+++ b/common/process/searcher_android.go
@@ -6,7 +6,6 @@ import (

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 )

 var _ Searcher = (*androidSearcher)(nil)
@@ -19,30 +18,22 @@ func NewSearcher(config Config) (Searcher, error) {
 	return &androidSearcher{config.PackageManager}, nil
 }

-func (s *androidSearcher) Close() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (s *androidSearcher) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error) {
-	family, protocol, err := socketDiagSettings(network, source)
+	_, uid, err := resolveSocketByNetlink(network, source, destination)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	_, uid, err := querySocketDiagOnce(family, protocol, source)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	if sharedPackage, loaded := s.packageManager.SharedPackageByID(uid % 100000); loaded {
+		return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{
+			UserId:             int32(uid),
+			AndroidPackageName: sharedPackage,
+		}, nil
 	}
-	appID := uid % 100000
-	var packageNames []string
-	if sharedPackage, loaded := s.packageManager.SharedPackageByID(appID); loaded {
-		packageNames = append(packageNames, sharedPackage)
+	if packageName, loaded := s.packageManager.PackageByID(uid % 100000); loaded {
+		return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{
+			UserId:             int32(uid),
+			AndroidPackageName: packageName,
+		}, nil
 	}
-	if packages, loaded := s.packageManager.PackagesByID(appID); loaded {
-		packageNames = append(packageNames, packages...)
-	}
-	packageNames = common.Uniq(packageNames)
-	return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{
-		UserId:              int32(uid),
-		AndroidPackageNames: packageNames,
-	}, nil
+	return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{UserId: int32(uid)}, nil
 }
--- a/common/process/searcher_darwin.go
+++ b/common/process/searcher_darwin.go
@@ -1,15 +1,19 @@
-//go:build darwin
-
 package process

 import (
 	"context"
+	"encoding/binary"
 	"net/netip"
+	"os"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 )

 var _ Searcher = (*darwinSearcher)(nil)
@@ -20,12 +24,12 @@ func NewSearcher(_ Config) (Searcher, error) {
 	return &darwinSearcher{}, nil
 }

-func (d *darwinSearcher) Close() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (d *darwinSearcher) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error) {
-	return FindDarwinConnectionOwner(network, source, destination)
+	processName, err := findProcessName(network, source.Addr(), int(source.Port()))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{ProcessPath: processName, UserId: -1}, nil
 }

 var structSize = func() int {
@@ -43,3 +47,107 @@ var structSize = func() int {
 		return 384
 	}
 }()
+
+func findProcessName(network string, ip netip.Addr, port int) (string, error) {
+	var spath string
+	switch network {
+	case N.NetworkTCP:
+		spath = "net.inet.tcp.pcblist_n"
+	case N.NetworkUDP:
+		spath = "net.inet.udp.pcblist_n"
+	default:
+		return "", os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+
+	isIPv4 := ip.Is4()
+
+	value, err := unix.SysctlRaw(spath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+
+	buf := value
+
+	// from darwin-xnu/bsd/netinet/in_pcblist.c:get_pcblist_n
+	// size/offset are round up (aligned) to 8 bytes in darwin
+	// rup8(sizeof(xinpcb_n)) + rup8(sizeof(xsocket_n)) +
+	// 2 * rup8(sizeof(xsockbuf_n)) + rup8(sizeof(xsockstat_n))
+	itemSize := structSize
+	if network == N.NetworkTCP {
+		// rup8(sizeof(xtcpcb_n))
+		itemSize += 208
+	}
+
+	var fallbackUDPProcess string
+	// skip the first xinpgen(24 bytes) block
+	for i := 24; i+itemSize <= len(buf); i += itemSize {
+		// offset of xinpcb_n and xsocket_n
+		inp, so := i, i+104
+
+		srcPort := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(buf[inp+18 : inp+20])
+		if uint16(port) != srcPort {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// xinpcb_n.inp_vflag
+		flag := buf[inp+44]
+
+		var srcIP netip.Addr
+		srcIsIPv4 := false
+		switch {
+		case flag&0x1 > 0 && isIPv4:
+			// ipv4
+			srcIP = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte(buf[inp+76 : inp+80]))
+			srcIsIPv4 = true
+		case flag&0x2 > 0 && !isIPv4:
+			// ipv6
+			srcIP = netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte(buf[inp+64 : inp+80]))
+		default:
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if ip == srcIP {
+			// xsocket_n.so_last_pid
+			pid := readNativeUint32(buf[so+68 : so+72])
+			return getExecPathFromPID(pid)
+		}
+
+		// udp packet connection may be not equal with srcIP
+		if network == N.NetworkUDP && srcIP.IsUnspecified() && isIPv4 == srcIsIPv4 {
+			pid := readNativeUint32(buf[so+68 : so+72])
+			fallbackUDPProcess, _ = getExecPathFromPID(pid)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if network == N.NetworkUDP && len(fallbackUDPProcess) > 0 {
+		return fallbackUDPProcess, nil
+	}
+
+	return "", ErrNotFound
+}
+
+func getExecPathFromPID(pid uint32) (string, error) {
+	const (
+		procpidpathinfo     = 0xb
+		procpidpathinfosize = 1024
+		proccallnumpidinfo  = 0x2
+	)
+	buf := make([]byte, procpidpathinfosize)
+	_, _, errno := syscall.Syscall6(
+		syscall.SYS_PROC_INFO,
+		proccallnumpidinfo,
+		uintptr(pid),
+		procpidpathinfo,
+		0,
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0])),
+		procpidpathinfosize)
+	if errno != 0 {
+		return "", errno
+	}
+
+	return unix.ByteSliceToString(buf), nil
+}
+
+func readNativeUint32(b []byte) uint32 {
+	return *(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&b[0]))
+}
--- a/common/process/searcher_darwin_shared.go
+++ b/common/process/searcher_darwin_shared.go
@@ -1,269 +0,0 @@
-//go:build darwin
-
-package process
-
-import (
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"net/netip"
-	"os"
-	"sync"
-	"syscall"
-	"time"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-)
-
-const (
-	darwinSnapshotTTL = 200 * time.Millisecond
-
-	darwinXinpgenSize        = 24
-	darwinXsocketOffset      = 104
-	darwinXinpcbForeignPort  = 16
-	darwinXinpcbLocalPort    = 18
-	darwinXinpcbVFlag        = 44
-	darwinXinpcbForeignAddr  = 48
-	darwinXinpcbLocalAddr    = 64
-	darwinXinpcbIPv4Addr     = 12
-	darwinXsocketUID         = 64
-	darwinXsocketLastPID     = 68
-	darwinTCPExtraStructSize = 208
-)
-
-type darwinConnectionEntry struct {
-	localAddr  netip.Addr
-	remoteAddr netip.Addr
-	localPort  uint16
-	remotePort uint16
-	pid        uint32
-	uid        int32
-}
-
-type darwinConnectionMatchKind uint8
-
-const (
-	darwinConnectionMatchExact darwinConnectionMatchKind = iota
-	darwinConnectionMatchLocalFallback
-	darwinConnectionMatchWildcardFallback
-)
-
-type darwinSnapshot struct {
-	createdAt time.Time
-	entries   []darwinConnectionEntry
-}
-
-type darwinConnectionFinder struct {
-	access    sync.Mutex
-	ttl       time.Duration
-	snapshots map[string]darwinSnapshot
-	builder   func(string) (darwinSnapshot, error)
-}
-
-var sharedDarwinConnectionFinder = newDarwinConnectionFinder(darwinSnapshotTTL)
-
-func newDarwinConnectionFinder(ttl time.Duration) *darwinConnectionFinder {
-	return &darwinConnectionFinder{
-		ttl:       ttl,
-		snapshots: make(map[string]darwinSnapshot),
-		builder:   buildDarwinSnapshot,
-	}
-}
-
-func FindDarwinConnectionOwner(network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error) {
-	return sharedDarwinConnectionFinder.find(network, source, destination)
-}
-
-func (f *darwinConnectionFinder) find(network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error) {
-	networkName := N.NetworkName(network)
-	source = normalizeDarwinAddrPort(source)
-	destination = normalizeDarwinAddrPort(destination)
-	var lastOwner *adapter.ConnectionOwner
-	for attempt := 0; attempt < 2; attempt++ {
-		snapshot, fromCache, err := f.loadSnapshot(networkName, attempt > 0)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		entry, matchKind, err := matchDarwinConnectionEntry(snapshot.entries, networkName, source, destination)
-		if err != nil {
-			if err == ErrNotFound && fromCache {
-				continue
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		if fromCache && matchKind != darwinConnectionMatchExact {
-			continue
-		}
-		owner := &adapter.ConnectionOwner{
-			UserId: entry.uid,
-		}
-		lastOwner = owner
-		if entry.pid == 0 {
-			return owner, nil
-		}
-		processPath, err := getExecPathFromPID(entry.pid)
-		if err == nil {
-			owner.ProcessPath = processPath
-			return owner, nil
-		}
-		if fromCache {
-			continue
-		}
-		return owner, nil
-	}
-	if lastOwner != nil {
-		return lastOwner, nil
-	}
-	return nil, ErrNotFound
-}
-
-func (f *darwinConnectionFinder) loadSnapshot(network string, forceRefresh bool) (darwinSnapshot, bool, error) {
-	f.access.Lock()
-	defer f.access.Unlock()
-	if !forceRefresh {
-		if snapshot, loaded := f.snapshots[network]; loaded && time.Since(snapshot.createdAt) < f.ttl {
-			return snapshot, true, nil
-		}
-	}
-	snapshot, err := f.builder(network)
-	if err != nil {
-		return darwinSnapshot{}, false, err
-	}
-	f.snapshots[network] = snapshot
-	return snapshot, false, nil
-}
-
-func buildDarwinSnapshot(network string) (darwinSnapshot, error) {
-	spath, itemSize, err := darwinSnapshotSettings(network)
-	if err != nil {
-		return darwinSnapshot{}, err
-	}
-	value, err := unix.SysctlRaw(spath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return darwinSnapshot{}, err
-	}
-	return darwinSnapshot{
-		createdAt: time.Now(),
-		entries:   parseDarwinSnapshot(value, itemSize),
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func darwinSnapshotSettings(network string) (string, int, error) {
-	itemSize := structSize
-	switch network {
-	case N.NetworkTCP:
-		return "net.inet.tcp.pcblist_n", itemSize + darwinTCPExtraStructSize, nil
-	case N.NetworkUDP:
-		return "net.inet.udp.pcblist_n", itemSize, nil
-	default:
-		return "", 0, os.ErrInvalid
-	}
-}
-
-func parseDarwinSnapshot(buf []byte, itemSize int) []darwinConnectionEntry {
-	entries := make([]darwinConnectionEntry, 0, (len(buf)-darwinXinpgenSize)/itemSize)
-	for i := darwinXinpgenSize; i+itemSize <= len(buf); i += itemSize {
-		inp := i
-		so := i + darwinXsocketOffset
-		entry, ok := parseDarwinConnectionEntry(buf[inp:so], buf[so:so+structSize-darwinXsocketOffset])
-		if ok {
-			entries = append(entries, entry)
-		}
-	}
-	return entries
-}
-
-func parseDarwinConnectionEntry(inp []byte, so []byte) (darwinConnectionEntry, bool) {
-	if len(inp) < darwinXsocketOffset || len(so) < structSize-darwinXsocketOffset {
-		return darwinConnectionEntry{}, false
-	}
-	entry := darwinConnectionEntry{
-		remotePort: binary.BigEndian.Uint16(inp[darwinXinpcbForeignPort : darwinXinpcbForeignPort+2]),
-		localPort:  binary.BigEndian.Uint16(inp[darwinXinpcbLocalPort : darwinXinpcbLocalPort+2]),
-		pid:        binary.NativeEndian.Uint32(so[darwinXsocketLastPID : darwinXsocketLastPID+4]),
-		uid:        int32(binary.NativeEndian.Uint32(so[darwinXsocketUID : darwinXsocketUID+4])),
-	}
-	flag := inp[darwinXinpcbVFlag]
-	switch {
-	case flag&0x1 != 0:
-		entry.remoteAddr = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte(inp[darwinXinpcbForeignAddr+darwinXinpcbIPv4Addr : darwinXinpcbForeignAddr+darwinXinpcbIPv4Addr+4]))
-		entry.localAddr = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte(inp[darwinXinpcbLocalAddr+darwinXinpcbIPv4Addr : darwinXinpcbLocalAddr+darwinXinpcbIPv4Addr+4]))
-		return entry, true
-	case flag&0x2 != 0:
-		entry.remoteAddr = netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte(inp[darwinXinpcbForeignAddr : darwinXinpcbForeignAddr+16]))
-		entry.localAddr = netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte(inp[darwinXinpcbLocalAddr : darwinXinpcbLocalAddr+16]))
-		return entry, true
-	default:
-		return darwinConnectionEntry{}, false
-	}
-}
-
-func matchDarwinConnectionEntry(entries []darwinConnectionEntry, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (darwinConnectionEntry, darwinConnectionMatchKind, error) {
-	sourceAddr := source.Addr()
-	if !sourceAddr.IsValid() {
-		return darwinConnectionEntry{}, darwinConnectionMatchExact, os.ErrInvalid
-	}
-	var localFallback darwinConnectionEntry
-	var hasLocalFallback bool
-	var wildcardFallback darwinConnectionEntry
-	var hasWildcardFallback bool
-	for _, entry := range entries {
-		if entry.localPort != source.Port() || sourceAddr.BitLen() != entry.localAddr.BitLen() {
-			continue
-		}
-		if entry.localAddr == sourceAddr && destination.IsValid() && entry.remotePort == destination.Port() && entry.remoteAddr == destination.Addr() {
-			return entry, darwinConnectionMatchExact, nil
-		}
-		if !destination.IsValid() && entry.localAddr == sourceAddr {
-			return entry, darwinConnectionMatchExact, nil
-		}
-		if network != N.NetworkUDP {
-			continue
-		}
-		if !hasLocalFallback && entry.localAddr == sourceAddr {
-			hasLocalFallback = true
-			localFallback = entry
-		}
-		if !hasWildcardFallback && entry.localAddr.IsUnspecified() {
-			hasWildcardFallback = true
-			wildcardFallback = entry
-		}
-	}
-	if hasLocalFallback {
-		return localFallback, darwinConnectionMatchLocalFallback, nil
-	}
-	if hasWildcardFallback {
-		return wildcardFallback, darwinConnectionMatchWildcardFallback, nil
-	}
-	return darwinConnectionEntry{}, darwinConnectionMatchExact, ErrNotFound
-}
-
-func normalizeDarwinAddrPort(addrPort netip.AddrPort) netip.AddrPort {
-	if !addrPort.IsValid() {
-		return addrPort
-	}
-	return netip.AddrPortFrom(addrPort.Addr().Unmap(), addrPort.Port())
-}
-
-func getExecPathFromPID(pid uint32) (string, error) {
-	const (
-		procpidpathinfo     = 0xb
-		procpidpathinfosize = 1024
-		proccallnumpidinfo  = 0x2
-	)
-	buf := make([]byte, procpidpathinfosize)
-	_, _, errno := syscall.Syscall6(
-		syscall.SYS_PROC_INFO,
-		proccallnumpidinfo,
-		uintptr(pid),
-		procpidpathinfo,
-		0,
-		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0])),
-		procpidpathinfosize)
-	if errno != 0 {
-		return "", errno
-	}
-	return unix.ByteSliceToString(buf), nil
-}
--- a/common/process/searcher_linux.go
+++ b/common/process/searcher_linux.go
@@ -4,82 +4,33 @@ package process

 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
 	"net/netip"
-	"syscall"
-	"time"

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 )

 var _ Searcher = (*linuxSearcher)(nil)

 type linuxSearcher struct {
-	logger           log.ContextLogger
-	diagConns        [4]*socketDiagConn
-	processPathCache *uidProcessPathCache
+	logger log.ContextLogger
 }

 func NewSearcher(config Config) (Searcher, error) {
-	searcher := &linuxSearcher{
-		logger:           config.Logger,
-		processPathCache: newUIDProcessPathCache(time.Second),
-	}
-	for _, family := range []uint8{syscall.AF_INET, syscall.AF_INET6} {
-		for _, protocol := range []uint8{syscall.IPPROTO_TCP, syscall.IPPROTO_UDP} {
-			searcher.diagConns[socketDiagConnIndex(family, protocol)] = newSocketDiagConn(family, protocol)
-		}
-	}
-	return searcher, nil
-}
-
-func (s *linuxSearcher) Close() error {
-	var errs []error
-	for _, conn := range s.diagConns {
-		if conn == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		errs = append(errs, conn.Close())
-	}
-	return E.Errors(errs...)
+	return &linuxSearcher{config.Logger}, nil
 }

 func (s *linuxSearcher) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error) {
-	inode, uid, err := s.resolveSocketByNetlink(network, source, destination)
+	inode, uid, err := resolveSocketByNetlink(network, source, destination)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	processInfo := &adapter.ConnectionOwner{
-		UserId: int32(uid),
-	}
-	processPath, err := s.processPathCache.findProcessPath(inode, uid)
+	processPath, err := resolveProcessNameByProcSearch(inode, uid)
 	if err != nil {
 		s.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "find process path: ", err)
-	} else {
-		processInfo.ProcessPath = processPath
 	}
-	return processInfo, nil
-}
-
-func (s *linuxSearcher) resolveSocketByNetlink(network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (inode, uid uint32, err error) {
-	family, protocol, err := socketDiagSettings(network, source)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, err
-	}
-	conn := s.diagConns[socketDiagConnIndex(family, protocol)]
-	if conn == nil {
-		return 0, 0, E.New("missing socket diag connection for family=", family, " protocol=", protocol)
-	}
-	if destination.IsValid() && source.Addr().BitLen() == destination.Addr().BitLen() {
-		inode, uid, err = conn.query(source, destination)
-		if err == nil {
-			return inode, uid, nil
-		}
-		if !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
-			return 0, 0, err
-		}
-	}
-	return querySocketDiagOnce(family, protocol, source)
+	return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{
+		UserId:      int32(uid),
+		ProcessPath: processPath,
+	}, nil
 }
--- a/common/process/searcher_linux_shared.go
+++ b/common/process/searcher_linux_shared.go
@@ -3,67 +3,43 @@
 package process

 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"encoding/binary"
-	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
-	"path/filepath"
+	"path"
 	"strings"
-	"sync"
 	"syscall"
-	"time"
 	"unicode"
+	"unsafe"

-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/contrab/freelru"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/contrab/maphash"
 )

+// from https://github.com/vishvananda/netlink/blob/bca67dfc8220b44ef582c9da4e9172bf1c9ec973/nl/nl_linux.go#L52-L62
+var nativeEndian = func() binary.ByteOrder {
+	var x uint32 = 0x01020304
+	if *(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&x)) == 0x01 {
+		return binary.BigEndian
+	}
+
+	return binary.LittleEndian
+}()
+
 const (
-	sizeOfSocketDiagRequestData = 56
-	sizeOfSocketDiagRequest     = syscall.SizeofNlMsghdr + sizeOfSocketDiagRequestData
-	socketDiagResponseMinSize   = 72
-	socketDiagByFamily          = 20
-	pathProc                    = "/proc"
+	sizeOfSocketDiagRequest = syscall.SizeofNlMsghdr + 8 + 48
+	socketDiagByFamily      = 20
+	pathProc                = "/proc"
 )

-type socketDiagConn struct {
-	access   sync.Mutex
-	family   uint8
-	protocol uint8
-	fd       int
-}
+func resolveSocketByNetlink(network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (inode, uid uint32, err error) {
+	var family uint8
+	var protocol uint8

-type uidProcessPathCache struct {
-	cache freelru.Cache[uint32, *uidProcessPaths]
-}
-
-type uidProcessPaths struct {
-	entries map[uint32]string
-}
-
-func newSocketDiagConn(family, protocol uint8) *socketDiagConn {
-	return &socketDiagConn{
-		family:   family,
-		protocol: protocol,
-		fd:       -1,
-	}
-}
-
-func socketDiagConnIndex(family, protocol uint8) int {
-	index := 0
-	if protocol == syscall.IPPROTO_UDP {
-		index += 2
-	}
-	if family == syscall.AF_INET6 {
-		index++
-	}
-	return index
-}
-
-func socketDiagSettings(network string, source netip.AddrPort) (family, protocol uint8, err error) {
 	switch network {
 	case N.NetworkTCP:
 		protocol = syscall.IPPROTO_TCP
@@ -72,308 +48,151 @@ func socketDiagSettings(network string, source netip.AddrPort) (family, protocol
 	default:
 		return 0, 0, os.ErrInvalid
 	}
-	switch {
-	case source.Addr().Is4():
+
+	if source.Addr().Is4() {
 		family = syscall.AF_INET
-	case source.Addr().Is6():
+	} else {
 		family = syscall.AF_INET6
-	default:
-		return 0, 0, os.ErrInvalid
 	}
-	return family, protocol, nil
-}

-func newUIDProcessPathCache(ttl time.Duration) *uidProcessPathCache {
-	cache := common.Must1(freelru.NewSharded[uint32, *uidProcessPaths](64, maphash.NewHasher[uint32]().Hash32))
-	cache.SetLifetime(ttl)
-	return &uidProcessPathCache{cache: cache}
-}
+	req := packSocketDiagRequest(family, protocol, source)

-func (c *uidProcessPathCache) findProcessPath(targetInode, uid uint32) (string, error) {
-	if cached, ok := c.cache.Get(uid); ok {
-		if processPath, found := cached.entries[targetInode]; found {
-			return processPath, nil
-		}
-	}
-	processPaths, err := buildProcessPathByUIDCache(uid)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-	c.cache.Add(uid, &uidProcessPaths{entries: processPaths})
-	processPath, found := processPaths[targetInode]
-	if !found {
-		return "", E.New("process of uid(", uid, "), inode(", targetInode, ") not found")
-	}
-	return processPath, nil
-}
-
-func (c *socketDiagConn) Close() error {
-	c.access.Lock()
-	defer c.access.Unlock()
-	return c.closeLocked()
-}
-
-func (c *socketDiagConn) query(source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (inode, uid uint32, err error) {
-	c.access.Lock()
-	defer c.access.Unlock()
-	request := packSocketDiagRequest(c.family, c.protocol, source, destination, false)
-	for attempt := 0; attempt < 2; attempt++ {
-		err = c.ensureOpenLocked()
-		if err != nil {
-			return 0, 0, E.Cause(err, "dial netlink")
-		}
-		inode, uid, err = querySocketDiag(c.fd, request)
-		if err == nil || errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
-			return inode, uid, err
-		}
-		if !shouldRetrySocketDiag(err) {
-			return 0, 0, err
-		}
-		_ = c.closeLocked()
-	}
-	return 0, 0, err
-}
-
-func querySocketDiagOnce(family, protocol uint8, source netip.AddrPort) (inode, uid uint32, err error) {
-	fd, err := openSocketDiag()
+	socket, err := syscall.Socket(syscall.AF_NETLINK, syscall.SOCK_DGRAM, syscall.NETLINK_INET_DIAG)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, 0, E.Cause(err, "dial netlink")
 	}
-	defer syscall.Close(fd)
-	return querySocketDiag(fd, packSocketDiagRequest(family, protocol, source, netip.AddrPort{}, true))
-}
+	defer syscall.Close(socket)

-func (c *socketDiagConn) ensureOpenLocked() error {
-	if c.fd != -1 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	fd, err := openSocketDiag()
-	if err != nil {
-		return err
-	}
-	c.fd = fd
-	return nil
-}
+	syscall.SetsockoptTimeval(socket, syscall.SOL_SOCKET, syscall.SO_SNDTIMEO, &syscall.Timeval{Usec: 100})
+	syscall.SetsockoptTimeval(socket, syscall.SOL_SOCKET, syscall.SO_RCVTIMEO, &syscall.Timeval{Usec: 100})

-func openSocketDiag() (int, error) {
-	fd, err := syscall.Socket(syscall.AF_NETLINK, syscall.SOCK_DGRAM|syscall.SOCK_CLOEXEC, syscall.NETLINK_INET_DIAG)
-	if err != nil {
-		return -1, err
-	}
-	timeout := &syscall.Timeval{Usec: 100}
-	if err = syscall.SetsockoptTimeval(fd, syscall.SOL_SOCKET, syscall.SO_SNDTIMEO, timeout); err != nil {
-		syscall.Close(fd)
-		return -1, err
-	}
-	if err = syscall.SetsockoptTimeval(fd, syscall.SOL_SOCKET, syscall.SO_RCVTIMEO, timeout); err != nil {
-		syscall.Close(fd)
-		return -1, err
-	}
-	if err = syscall.Connect(fd, &syscall.SockaddrNetlink{
+	err = syscall.Connect(socket, &syscall.SockaddrNetlink{
 		Family: syscall.AF_NETLINK,
+		Pad:    0,
 		Pid:    0,
 		Groups: 0,
-	}); err != nil {
-		syscall.Close(fd)
-		return -1, err
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return
 	}
-	return fd, nil
-}

-func (c *socketDiagConn) closeLocked() error {
-	if c.fd == -1 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	err := syscall.Close(c.fd)
-	c.fd = -1
-	return err
-}
-
-func packSocketDiagRequest(family, protocol byte, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort, dump bool) []byte {
-	request := make([]byte, sizeOfSocketDiagRequest)
-
-	binary.NativeEndian.PutUint32(request[0:4], sizeOfSocketDiagRequest)
-	binary.NativeEndian.PutUint16(request[4:6], socketDiagByFamily)
-	flags := uint16(syscall.NLM_F_REQUEST)
-	if dump {
-		flags |= syscall.NLM_F_DUMP
-	}
-	binary.NativeEndian.PutUint16(request[6:8], flags)
-	binary.NativeEndian.PutUint32(request[8:12], 0)
-	binary.NativeEndian.PutUint32(request[12:16], 0)
-
-	request[16] = family
-	request[17] = protocol
-	request[18] = 0
-	request[19] = 0
-	if dump {
-		binary.NativeEndian.PutUint32(request[20:24], 0xFFFFFFFF)
-	}
-	requestSource := source
-	requestDestination := destination
-	if protocol == syscall.IPPROTO_UDP && !dump && destination.IsValid() {
-		// udp_dump_one expects the exact-match endpoints reversed for historical reasons.
-		requestSource, requestDestination = destination, source
-	}
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(request[24:26], requestSource.Port())
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(request[26:28], requestDestination.Port())
-	if family == syscall.AF_INET6 {
-		copy(request[28:44], requestSource.Addr().AsSlice())
-		if requestDestination.IsValid() {
-			copy(request[44:60], requestDestination.Addr().AsSlice())
-		}
-	} else {
-		copy(request[28:32], requestSource.Addr().AsSlice())
-		if requestDestination.IsValid() {
-			copy(request[44:48], requestDestination.Addr().AsSlice())
-		}
-	}
-	binary.NativeEndian.PutUint32(request[60:64], 0)
-	binary.NativeEndian.PutUint64(request[64:72], 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
-	return request
-}
-
-func querySocketDiag(fd int, request []byte) (inode, uid uint32, err error) {
-	_, err = syscall.Write(fd, request)
+	_, err = syscall.Write(socket, req)
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, 0, E.Cause(err, "write netlink request")
 	}
-	buffer := make([]byte, 64<<10)
-	n, err := syscall.Read(fd, buffer)
+
+	buffer := buf.New()
+	defer buffer.Release()
+
+	n, err := syscall.Read(socket, buffer.FreeBytes())
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, 0, E.Cause(err, "read netlink response")
 	}
-	messages, err := syscall.ParseNetlinkMessage(buffer[:n])
+
+	buffer.Truncate(n)
+
+	messages, err := syscall.ParseNetlinkMessage(buffer.Bytes())
 	if err != nil {
 		return 0, 0, E.Cause(err, "parse netlink message")
+	} else if len(messages) == 0 {
+		return 0, 0, E.New("unexcepted netlink response")
 	}
-	return unpackSocketDiagMessages(messages)
+
+	message := messages[0]
+	if message.Header.Type&syscall.NLMSG_ERROR != 0 {
+		return 0, 0, E.New("netlink message: NLMSG_ERROR")
+	}
+
+	inode, uid = unpackSocketDiagResponse(&messages[0])
+	return
 }

-func unpackSocketDiagMessages(messages []syscall.NetlinkMessage) (inode, uid uint32, err error) {
-	for _, message := range messages {
-		switch message.Header.Type {
-		case syscall.NLMSG_DONE:
-			continue
-		case syscall.NLMSG_ERROR:
-			err = unpackSocketDiagError(&message)
-			if err != nil {
-				return 0, 0, err
-			}
-		case socketDiagByFamily:
-			inode, uid = unpackSocketDiagResponse(&message)
-			if inode != 0 || uid != 0 {
-				return inode, uid, nil
-			}
-		}
-	}
-	return 0, 0, ErrNotFound
+func packSocketDiagRequest(family, protocol byte, source netip.AddrPort) []byte {
+	s := make([]byte, 16)
+	copy(s, source.Addr().AsSlice())
+
+	buf := make([]byte, sizeOfSocketDiagRequest)
+
+	nativeEndian.PutUint32(buf[0:4], sizeOfSocketDiagRequest)
+	nativeEndian.PutUint16(buf[4:6], socketDiagByFamily)
+	nativeEndian.PutUint16(buf[6:8], syscall.NLM_F_REQUEST|syscall.NLM_F_DUMP)
+	nativeEndian.PutUint32(buf[8:12], 0)
+	nativeEndian.PutUint32(buf[12:16], 0)
+
+	buf[16] = family
+	buf[17] = protocol
+	buf[18] = 0
+	buf[19] = 0
+	nativeEndian.PutUint32(buf[20:24], 0xFFFFFFFF)
+
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(buf[24:26], source.Port())
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(buf[26:28], 0)
+
+	copy(buf[28:44], s)
+	copy(buf[44:60], net.IPv6zero)
+
+	nativeEndian.PutUint32(buf[60:64], 0)
+	nativeEndian.PutUint64(buf[64:72], 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+
+	return buf
 }

 func unpackSocketDiagResponse(msg *syscall.NetlinkMessage) (inode, uid uint32) {
-	if len(msg.Data) < socketDiagResponseMinSize {
+	if len(msg.Data) < 72 {
 		return 0, 0
 	}
-	uid = binary.NativeEndian.Uint32(msg.Data[64:68])
-	inode = binary.NativeEndian.Uint32(msg.Data[68:72])
-	return inode, uid
+
+	data := msg.Data
+
+	uid = nativeEndian.Uint32(data[64:68])
+	inode = nativeEndian.Uint32(data[68:72])
+
+	return
 }

-func unpackSocketDiagError(msg *syscall.NetlinkMessage) error {
-	if len(msg.Data) < 4 {
-		return E.New("netlink message: NLMSG_ERROR")
-	}
-	errno := int32(binary.NativeEndian.Uint32(msg.Data[:4]))
-	if errno == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-	if errno < 0 {
-		errno = -errno
-	}
-	sysErr := syscall.Errno(errno)
-	switch sysErr {
-	case syscall.ENOENT, syscall.ESRCH:
-		return ErrNotFound
-	default:
-		return E.New("netlink message: ", sysErr)
-	}
-}
-
-func shouldRetrySocketDiag(err error) bool {
-	return err != nil && !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound)
-}
-
-func buildProcessPathByUIDCache(uid uint32) (map[uint32]string, error) {
+func resolveProcessNameByProcSearch(inode, uid uint32) (string, error) {
 	files, err := os.ReadDir(pathProc)
 	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+		return "", err
 	}
+
 	buffer := make([]byte, syscall.PathMax)
-	processPaths := make(map[uint32]string)
-	for _, file := range files {
-		if !file.IsDir() || !isPid(file.Name()) {
+	socket := []byte(fmt.Sprintf("socket:[%d]", inode))
+
+	for _, f := range files {
+		if !f.IsDir() || !isPid(f.Name()) {
 			continue
 		}
-		info, err := file.Info()
+
+		info, err := f.Info()
 		if err != nil {
-			if isIgnorableProcError(err) {
-				continue
-			}
-			return nil, err
+			return "", err
 		}
 		if info.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Uid != uid {
 			continue
 		}
-		processPath := filepath.Join(pathProc, file.Name())
-		fdPath := filepath.Join(processPath, "fd")
-		exePath, err := os.Readlink(filepath.Join(processPath, "exe"))
-		if err != nil {
-			if isIgnorableProcError(err) {
-				continue
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
+
+		processPath := path.Join(pathProc, f.Name())
+		fdPath := path.Join(processPath, "fd")
+
 		fds, err := os.ReadDir(fdPath)
 		if err != nil {
 			continue
 		}
+
 		for _, fd := range fds {
-			n, err := syscall.Readlink(filepath.Join(fdPath, fd.Name()), buffer)
+			n, err := syscall.Readlink(path.Join(fdPath, fd.Name()), buffer)
 			if err != nil {
 				continue
 			}
-			inode, ok := parseSocketInode(buffer[:n])
-			if !ok {
-				continue
-			}
-			if _, loaded := processPaths[inode]; !loaded {
-				processPaths[inode] = exePath
+
+			if bytes.Equal(buffer[:n], socket) {
+				return os.Readlink(path.Join(processPath, "exe"))
 			}
 		}
 	}
-	return processPaths, nil
-}

-func isIgnorableProcError(err error) bool {
-	return os.IsNotExist(err) || os.IsPermission(err)
-}
-
-func parseSocketInode(link []byte) (uint32, bool) {
-	const socketPrefix = "socket:["
-	if len(link) <= len(socketPrefix) || string(link[:len(socketPrefix)]) != socketPrefix || link[len(link)-1] != ']' {
-		return 0, false
-	}
-	var inode uint64
-	for _, char := range link[len(socketPrefix) : len(link)-1] {
-		if char < '0' || char > '9' {
-			return 0, false
-		}
-		inode = inode*10 + uint64(char-'0')
-		if inode > uint64(^uint32(0)) {
-			return 0, false
-		}
-	}
-	return uint32(inode), true
+	return "", fmt.Errorf("process of uid(%d),inode(%d) not found", uid, inode)
 }

 func isPid(s string) bool {
--- a/common/process/searcher_linux_shared_test.go
+++ b/common/process/searcher_linux_shared_test.go
@@ -1,60 +0,0 @@
-//go:build linux
-
-package process
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"os"
-	"syscall"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestQuerySocketDiagUDPExact(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	server, err := net.ListenUDP("udp4", &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 0})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer server.Close()
-
-	client, err := net.DialUDP("udp4", nil, server.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	err = client.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Second))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	_, err = client.Write([]byte{0})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	err = server.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Second))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	buffer := make([]byte, 1)
-	_, _, err = server.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-
-	source := addrPortFromUDPAddr(t, client.LocalAddr())
-	destination := addrPortFromUDPAddr(t, client.RemoteAddr())
-
-	fd, err := openSocketDiag()
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer syscall.Close(fd)
-
-	inode, uid, err := querySocketDiag(fd, packSocketDiagRequest(syscall.AF_INET, syscall.IPPROTO_UDP, source, destination, false))
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	require.NotZero(t, inode)
-	require.EqualValues(t, os.Getuid(), uid)
-}
-
-func addrPortFromUDPAddr(t *testing.T, addr net.Addr) netip.AddrPort {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	udpAddr, ok := addr.(*net.UDPAddr)
-	require.True(t, ok)
-
-	ip, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(udpAddr.IP)
-	require.True(t, ok)
-
-	return netip.AddrPortFrom(ip.Unmap(), uint16(udpAddr.Port))
-}
--- a/common/process/searcher_windows.go
+++ b/common/process/searcher_windows.go
@@ -28,10 +28,6 @@ func initWin32API() error {
 	return winiphlpapi.LoadExtendedTable()
 }

-func (s *windowsSearcher) Close() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
 func (s *windowsSearcher) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error) {
 	pid, err := winiphlpapi.FindPid(network, source)
 	if err != nil {
--- a/common/proxybridge/bridge.go
+++ b/common/proxybridge/bridge.go
@@ -1,115 +0,0 @@
-package proxybridge
-
-import (
-	std_bufio "bufio"
-	"context"
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"encoding/hex"
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/auth"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/protocol/socks"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
-)
-
-type Bridge struct {
-	ctx           context.Context
-	logger        logger.ContextLogger
-	tag           string
-	dialer        N.Dialer
-	connection    adapter.ConnectionManager
-	tcpListener   *net.TCPListener
-	username      string
-	password      string
-	authenticator *auth.Authenticator
-}
-
-func New(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, tag string, dialer N.Dialer) (*Bridge, error) {
-	username := randomHex(16)
-	password := randomHex(16)
-	tcpListener, err := net.ListenTCP("tcp", &net.TCPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1)})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	bridge := &Bridge{
-		ctx:           ctx,
-		logger:        logger,
-		tag:           tag,
-		dialer:        dialer,
-		connection:    service.FromContext[adapter.ConnectionManager](ctx),
-		tcpListener:   tcpListener,
-		username:      username,
-		password:      password,
-		authenticator: auth.NewAuthenticator([]auth.User{{Username: username, Password: password}}),
-	}
-	go bridge.acceptLoop()
-	return bridge, nil
-}
-
-func randomHex(size int) string {
-	raw := make([]byte, size)
-	rand.Read(raw)
-	return hex.EncodeToString(raw)
-}
-
-func (b *Bridge) Port() uint16 {
-	return M.SocksaddrFromNet(b.tcpListener.Addr()).Port
-}
-
-func (b *Bridge) Username() string {
-	return b.username
-}
-
-func (b *Bridge) Password() string {
-	return b.password
-}
-
-func (b *Bridge) Close() error {
-	return common.Close(b.tcpListener)
-}
-
-func (b *Bridge) acceptLoop() {
-	for {
-		tcpConn, err := b.tcpListener.AcceptTCP()
-		if err != nil {
-			return
-		}
-		ctx := log.ContextWithNewID(b.ctx)
-		go func() {
-			hErr := socks.HandleConnectionEx(ctx, tcpConn, std_bufio.NewReader(tcpConn), b.authenticator, b, nil, 0, M.SocksaddrFromNet(tcpConn.RemoteAddr()), nil)
-			if hErr == nil {
-				return
-			}
-			if E.IsClosedOrCanceled(hErr) {
-				b.logger.DebugContext(ctx, E.Cause(hErr, b.tag, " connection closed"))
-				return
-			}
-			b.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, E.Cause(hErr, b.tag))
-		}()
-	}
-}
-
-func (b *Bridge) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	var metadata adapter.InboundContext
-	metadata.Source = source
-	metadata.Destination = destination
-	metadata.Network = N.NetworkTCP
-	b.logger.InfoContext(ctx, b.tag, " connection to ", metadata.Destination)
-	b.connection.NewConnection(ctx, b.dialer, conn, metadata, onClose)
-}
-
-func (b *Bridge) NewPacketConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	var metadata adapter.InboundContext
-	metadata.Source = source
-	metadata.Destination = destination
-	metadata.Network = N.NetworkUDP
-	b.logger.InfoContext(ctx, b.tag, " packet connection to ", metadata.Destination)
-	b.connection.NewPacketConnection(ctx, b.dialer, conn, metadata, onClose)
-}
--- a/common/srs/binary.go
+++ b/common/srs/binary.go
@@ -46,7 +46,6 @@ const (
 	ruleItemNetworkIsConstrained
 	ruleItemNetworkInterfaceAddress
 	ruleItemDefaultInterfaceAddress
-	ruleItemPackageNameRegex
 	ruleItemFinal uint8 = 0xFF
 )

@@ -216,8 +215,6 @@ func readDefaultRule(reader varbin.Reader, recover bool) (rule option.DefaultHea
 			rule.ProcessPathRegex, err = readRuleItemString(reader)
 		case ruleItemPackageName:
 			rule.PackageName, err = readRuleItemString(reader)
-		case ruleItemPackageNameRegex:
-			rule.PackageNameRegex, err = readRuleItemString(reader)
 		case ruleItemWIFISSID:
 			rule.WIFISSID, err = readRuleItemString(reader)
 		case ruleItemWIFIBSSID:
@@ -397,15 +394,6 @@ func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, gen
 			return err
 		}
 	}
-	if len(rule.PackageNameRegex) > 0 {
-		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion5 {
-			return E.New("`package_name_regex` rule item is only supported in version 5 or later")
-		}
-		err = writeRuleItemString(writer, ruleItemPackageNameRegex, rule.PackageNameRegex)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
 	if len(rule.NetworkType) > 0 {
 		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion3 {
 			return E.New("`network_type` rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
--- a/common/stun/stun.go
+++ b/common/stun/stun.go
@@ -1,612 +0,0 @@
-package stun
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"crypto/rand"
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
-	"net/netip"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio/deadline"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-)
-
-const (
-	DefaultServer = "stun.voipgate.com:3478"
-
-	magicCookie = 0x2112A442
-	headerSize  = 20
-
-	bindingRequest         = 0x0001
-	bindingSuccessResponse = 0x0101
-	bindingErrorResponse   = 0x0111
-
-	attrMappedAddress    = 0x0001
-	attrChangeRequest    = 0x0003
-	attrErrorCode        = 0x0009
-	attrXORMappedAddress = 0x0020
-	attrOtherAddress     = 0x802c
-
-	familyIPv4 = 0x01
-	familyIPv6 = 0x02
-
-	changeIP   = 0x04
-	changePort = 0x02
-
-	defaultRTO    = 500 * time.Millisecond
-	minRTO        = 250 * time.Millisecond
-	maxRetransmit = 2
-)
-
-type Phase int32
-
-const (
-	PhaseBinding Phase = iota
-	PhaseNATMapping
-	PhaseNATFiltering
-	PhaseDone
-)
-
-type NATMapping int32
-
-const (
-	NATMappingUnknown NATMapping = iota
-	_                            // reserved
-	NATMappingEndpointIndependent
-	NATMappingAddressDependent
-	NATMappingAddressAndPortDependent
-)
-
-func (m NATMapping) String() string {
-	switch m {
-	case NATMappingEndpointIndependent:
-		return "Endpoint Independent"
-	case NATMappingAddressDependent:
-		return "Address Dependent"
-	case NATMappingAddressAndPortDependent:
-		return "Address and Port Dependent"
-	default:
-		return "Unknown"
-	}
-}
-
-type NATFiltering int32
-
-const (
-	NATFilteringUnknown NATFiltering = iota
-	NATFilteringEndpointIndependent
-	NATFilteringAddressDependent
-	NATFilteringAddressAndPortDependent
-)
-
-func (f NATFiltering) String() string {
-	switch f {
-	case NATFilteringEndpointIndependent:
-		return "Endpoint Independent"
-	case NATFilteringAddressDependent:
-		return "Address Dependent"
-	case NATFilteringAddressAndPortDependent:
-		return "Address and Port Dependent"
-	default:
-		return "Unknown"
-	}
-}
-
-type TransactionID [12]byte
-
-type Options struct {
-	Server     string
-	Dialer     N.Dialer
-	Context    context.Context
-	OnProgress func(Progress)
-}
-
-type Progress struct {
-	Phase        Phase
-	ExternalAddr string
-	LatencyMs    int32
-	NATMapping   NATMapping
-	NATFiltering NATFiltering
-}
-
-type Result struct {
-	ExternalAddr     string
-	LatencyMs        int32
-	NATMapping       NATMapping
-	NATFiltering     NATFiltering
-	NATTypeSupported bool
-}
-
-type parsedResponse struct {
-	xorMappedAddr netip.AddrPort
-	mappedAddr    netip.AddrPort
-	otherAddr     netip.AddrPort
-}
-
-func (r *parsedResponse) externalAddr() (netip.AddrPort, bool) {
-	if r.xorMappedAddr.IsValid() {
-		return r.xorMappedAddr, true
-	}
-	if r.mappedAddr.IsValid() {
-		return r.mappedAddr, true
-	}
-	return netip.AddrPort{}, false
-}
-
-type stunAttribute struct {
-	typ   uint16
-	value []byte
-}
-
-func newTransactionID() TransactionID {
-	var id TransactionID
-	_, _ = rand.Read(id[:])
-	return id
-}
-
-func buildBindingRequest(txID TransactionID, attrs ...stunAttribute) []byte {
-	attrLen := 0
-	for _, attr := range attrs {
-		attrLen += 4 + len(attr.value) + paddingLen(len(attr.value))
-	}
-
-	buf := make([]byte, headerSize+attrLen)
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(buf[0:2], bindingRequest)
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(buf[2:4], uint16(attrLen))
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(buf[4:8], magicCookie)
-	copy(buf[8:20], txID[:])
-
-	offset := headerSize
-	for _, attr := range attrs {
-		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(buf[offset:offset+2], attr.typ)
-		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(buf[offset+2:offset+4], uint16(len(attr.value)))
-		copy(buf[offset+4:offset+4+len(attr.value)], attr.value)
-		offset += 4 + len(attr.value) + paddingLen(len(attr.value))
-	}
-
-	return buf
-}
-
-func changeRequestAttr(flags byte) stunAttribute {
-	return stunAttribute{
-		typ:   attrChangeRequest,
-		value: []byte{0, 0, 0, flags},
-	}
-}
-
-func parseResponse(data []byte, expectedTxID TransactionID) (*parsedResponse, error) {
-	if len(data) < headerSize {
-		return nil, E.New("response too short")
-	}
-
-	msgType := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[0:2])
-	if msgType&0xC000 != 0 {
-		return nil, E.New("invalid STUN message: top 2 bits not zero")
-	}
-
-	cookie := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(data[4:8])
-	if cookie != magicCookie {
-		return nil, E.New("invalid magic cookie")
-	}
-
-	var txID TransactionID
-	copy(txID[:], data[8:20])
-	if txID != expectedTxID {
-		return nil, E.New("transaction ID mismatch")
-	}
-
-	msgLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[2:4]))
-	if msgLen > len(data)-headerSize {
-		return nil, E.New("message length exceeds data")
-	}
-
-	attrData := data[headerSize : headerSize+msgLen]
-
-	if msgType == bindingErrorResponse {
-		return nil, parseErrorResponse(attrData)
-	}
-	if msgType != bindingSuccessResponse {
-		return nil, E.New("unexpected message type: ", fmt.Sprintf("0x%04x", msgType))
-	}
-
-	resp := &parsedResponse{}
-	offset := 0
-	for offset+4 <= len(attrData) {
-		attrType := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(attrData[offset : offset+2])
-		attrLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(attrData[offset+2 : offset+4]))
-		if offset+4+attrLen > len(attrData) {
-			break
-		}
-		attrValue := attrData[offset+4 : offset+4+attrLen]
-
-		switch attrType {
-		case attrXORMappedAddress:
-			addr, err := parseXORMappedAddress(attrValue, txID)
-			if err == nil {
-				resp.xorMappedAddr = addr
-			}
-		case attrMappedAddress:
-			addr, err := parseMappedAddress(attrValue)
-			if err == nil {
-				resp.mappedAddr = addr
-			}
-		case attrOtherAddress:
-			addr, err := parseMappedAddress(attrValue)
-			if err == nil {
-				resp.otherAddr = addr
-			}
-		}
-
-		offset += 4 + attrLen + paddingLen(attrLen)
-	}
-
-	return resp, nil
-}
-
-func parseErrorResponse(data []byte) error {
-	offset := 0
-	for offset+4 <= len(data) {
-		attrType := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[offset : offset+2])
-		attrLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[offset+2 : offset+4]))
-		if offset+4+attrLen > len(data) {
-			break
-		}
-		if attrType == attrErrorCode && attrLen >= 4 {
-			attrValue := data[offset+4 : offset+4+attrLen]
-			class := int(attrValue[2] & 0x07)
-			number := int(attrValue[3])
-			code := class*100 + number
-			if attrLen > 4 {
-				return E.New("STUN error ", code, ": ", string(attrValue[4:]))
-			}
-			return E.New("STUN error ", code)
-		}
-		offset += 4 + attrLen + paddingLen(attrLen)
-	}
-	return E.New("STUN error response")
-}
-
-func parseXORMappedAddress(data []byte, txID TransactionID) (netip.AddrPort, error) {
-	if len(data) < 4 {
-		return netip.AddrPort{}, E.New("XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS too short")
-	}
-
-	family := data[1]
-	xPort := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[2:4])
-	port := xPort ^ uint16(magicCookie>>16)
-
-	switch family {
-	case familyIPv4:
-		if len(data) < 8 {
-			return netip.AddrPort{}, E.New("XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS IPv4 too short")
-		}
-		var ip [4]byte
-		binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(ip[:], binary.BigEndian.Uint32(data[4:8])^magicCookie)
-		return netip.AddrPortFrom(netip.AddrFrom4(ip), port), nil
-	case familyIPv6:
-		if len(data) < 20 {
-			return netip.AddrPort{}, E.New("XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS IPv6 too short")
-		}
-		var ip [16]byte
-		var xorKey [16]byte
-		binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(xorKey[0:4], magicCookie)
-		copy(xorKey[4:16], txID[:])
-		for i := range 16 {
-			ip[i] = data[4+i] ^ xorKey[i]
-		}
-		return netip.AddrPortFrom(netip.AddrFrom16(ip), port), nil
-	default:
-		return netip.AddrPort{}, E.New("unknown address family: ", family)
-	}
-}
-
-func parseMappedAddress(data []byte) (netip.AddrPort, error) {
-	if len(data) < 4 {
-		return netip.AddrPort{}, E.New("MAPPED-ADDRESS too short")
-	}
-
-	family := data[1]
-	port := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[2:4])
-
-	switch family {
-	case familyIPv4:
-		if len(data) < 8 {
-			return netip.AddrPort{}, E.New("MAPPED-ADDRESS IPv4 too short")
-		}
-		return netip.AddrPortFrom(
-			netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{data[4], data[5], data[6], data[7]}), port,
-		), nil
-	case familyIPv6:
-		if len(data) < 20 {
-			return netip.AddrPort{}, E.New("MAPPED-ADDRESS IPv6 too short")
-		}
-		var ip [16]byte
-		copy(ip[:], data[4:20])
-		return netip.AddrPortFrom(netip.AddrFrom16(ip), port), nil
-	default:
-		return netip.AddrPort{}, E.New("unknown address family: ", family)
-	}
-}
-
-func roundTrip(conn net.PacketConn, addr net.Addr, txID TransactionID, attrs []stunAttribute, rto time.Duration) (*parsedResponse, time.Duration, error) {
-	request := buildBindingRequest(txID, attrs...)
-	currentRTO := rto
-	retransmitCount := 0
-
-	sendTime := time.Now()
-	_, err := conn.WriteTo(request, addr)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, 0, E.Cause(err, "send STUN request")
-	}
-
-	buf := make([]byte, 1024)
-	for {
-		err = conn.SetReadDeadline(sendTime.Add(currentRTO))
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, 0, E.Cause(err, "set read deadline")
-		}
-
-		n, _, readErr := conn.ReadFrom(buf)
-		if readErr != nil {
-			if E.IsTimeout(readErr) && retransmitCount < maxRetransmit {
-				retransmitCount++
-				currentRTO *= 2
-				sendTime = time.Now()
-				_, err = conn.WriteTo(request, addr)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, 0, E.Cause(err, "retransmit STUN request")
-				}
-				continue
-			}
-			return nil, 0, E.Cause(readErr, "read STUN response")
-		}
-
-		if n < headerSize || buf[0]&0xC0 != 0 ||
-			binary.BigEndian.Uint32(buf[4:8]) != magicCookie {
-			continue
-		}
-		var receivedTxID TransactionID
-		copy(receivedTxID[:], buf[8:20])
-		if receivedTxID != txID {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		latency := time.Since(sendTime)
-
-		resp, parseErr := parseResponse(buf[:n], txID)
-		if parseErr != nil {
-			return nil, 0, parseErr
-		}
-
-		return resp, latency, nil
-	}
-}
-
-func Run(options Options) (*Result, error) {
-	ctx := options.Context
-	if ctx == nil {
-		ctx = context.Background()
-	}
-
-	server := options.Server
-	if server == "" {
-		server = DefaultServer
-	}
-	serverSocksaddr := M.ParseSocksaddr(server)
-	if serverSocksaddr.Port == 0 {
-		serverSocksaddr.Port = 3478
-	}
-
-	reportProgress := options.OnProgress
-	if reportProgress == nil {
-		reportProgress = func(Progress) {}
-	}
-
-	var (
-		packetConn net.PacketConn
-		serverAddr net.Addr
-		err        error
-	)
-
-	if options.Dialer != nil {
-		packetConn, err = options.Dialer.ListenPacket(ctx, serverSocksaddr)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "create UDP socket")
-		}
-		serverAddr = serverSocksaddr
-	} else {
-		serverUDPAddr, resolveErr := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", serverSocksaddr.String())
-		if resolveErr != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(resolveErr, "resolve STUN server")
-		}
-		packetConn, err = net.ListenPacket("udp", "")
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "create UDP socket")
-		}
-		serverAddr = serverUDPAddr
-	}
-	defer func() {
-		_ = packetConn.Close()
-	}()
-	if deadline.NeedAdditionalReadDeadline(packetConn) {
-		packetConn = deadline.NewPacketConn(bufio.NewPacketConn(packetConn))
-	}
-
-	select {
-	case <-ctx.Done():
-		return nil, ctx.Err()
-	default:
-	}
-
-	rto := defaultRTO
-
-	// Phase 1: Binding
-	reportProgress(Progress{Phase: PhaseBinding})
-
-	txID := newTransactionID()
-	resp, latency, err := roundTrip(packetConn, serverAddr, txID, nil, rto)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "binding request")
-	}
-
-	rto = max(minRTO, 3*latency)
-
-	externalAddr, ok := resp.externalAddr()
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, E.New("no mapped address in response")
-	}
-
-	result := &Result{
-		ExternalAddr: externalAddr.String(),
-		LatencyMs:    int32(latency.Milliseconds()),
-	}
-
-	reportProgress(Progress{
-		Phase:        PhaseBinding,
-		ExternalAddr: result.ExternalAddr,
-		LatencyMs:    result.LatencyMs,
-	})
-
-	otherAddr := resp.otherAddr
-	if !otherAddr.IsValid() {
-		result.NATTypeSupported = false
-		reportProgress(Progress{
-			Phase:        PhaseDone,
-			ExternalAddr: result.ExternalAddr,
-			LatencyMs:    result.LatencyMs,
-		})
-		return result, nil
-	}
-	result.NATTypeSupported = true
-
-	select {
-	case <-ctx.Done():
-		return result, nil
-	default:
-	}
-
-	// Phase 2: NAT Mapping Detection (RFC 5780 Section 4.3)
-	reportProgress(Progress{
-		Phase:        PhaseNATMapping,
-		ExternalAddr: result.ExternalAddr,
-		LatencyMs:    result.LatencyMs,
-	})
-
-	result.NATMapping = detectNATMapping(
-		packetConn, serverSocksaddr.Port, externalAddr, otherAddr, rto,
-	)
-
-	reportProgress(Progress{
-		Phase:        PhaseNATMapping,
-		ExternalAddr: result.ExternalAddr,
-		LatencyMs:    result.LatencyMs,
-		NATMapping:   result.NATMapping,
-	})
-
-	select {
-	case <-ctx.Done():
-		return result, nil
-	default:
-	}
-
-	// Phase 3: NAT Filtering Detection (RFC 5780 Section 4.4)
-	reportProgress(Progress{
-		Phase:        PhaseNATFiltering,
-		ExternalAddr: result.ExternalAddr,
-		LatencyMs:    result.LatencyMs,
-		NATMapping:   result.NATMapping,
-	})
-
-	result.NATFiltering = detectNATFiltering(packetConn, serverAddr, rto)
-
-	reportProgress(Progress{
-		Phase:        PhaseDone,
-		ExternalAddr: result.ExternalAddr,
-		LatencyMs:    result.LatencyMs,
-		NATMapping:   result.NATMapping,
-		NATFiltering: result.NATFiltering,
-	})
-
-	return result, nil
-}
-
-func detectNATMapping(
-	conn net.PacketConn,
-	serverPort uint16,
-	externalAddr netip.AddrPort,
-	otherAddr netip.AddrPort,
-	rto time.Duration,
-) NATMapping {
-	// Mapping Test II: Send to other_ip:server_port
-	testIIAddr := net.UDPAddrFromAddrPort(
-		netip.AddrPortFrom(otherAddr.Addr(), serverPort),
-	)
-	txID2 := newTransactionID()
-	resp2, _, err := roundTrip(conn, testIIAddr, txID2, nil, rto)
-	if err != nil {
-		return NATMappingUnknown
-	}
-
-	externalAddr2, ok := resp2.externalAddr()
-	if !ok {
-		return NATMappingUnknown
-	}
-
-	if externalAddr == externalAddr2 {
-		return NATMappingEndpointIndependent
-	}
-
-	// Mapping Test III: Send to other_ip:other_port
-	testIIIAddr := net.UDPAddrFromAddrPort(otherAddr)
-	txID3 := newTransactionID()
-	resp3, _, err := roundTrip(conn, testIIIAddr, txID3, nil, rto)
-	if err != nil {
-		return NATMappingUnknown
-	}
-
-	externalAddr3, ok := resp3.externalAddr()
-	if !ok {
-		return NATMappingUnknown
-	}
-
-	if externalAddr2 == externalAddr3 {
-		return NATMappingAddressDependent
-	}
-	return NATMappingAddressAndPortDependent
-}
-
-func detectNATFiltering(
-	conn net.PacketConn,
-	serverAddr net.Addr,
-	rto time.Duration,
-) NATFiltering {
-	// Filtering Test II: Request response from different IP and port
-	txID := newTransactionID()
-	_, _, err := roundTrip(conn, serverAddr, txID,
-		[]stunAttribute{changeRequestAttr(changeIP | changePort)}, rto)
-	if err == nil {
-		return NATFilteringEndpointIndependent
-	}
-
-	// Filtering Test III: Request response from different port only
-	txID = newTransactionID()
-	_, _, err = roundTrip(conn, serverAddr, txID,
-		[]stunAttribute{changeRequestAttr(changePort)}, rto)
-	if err == nil {
-		return NATFilteringAddressDependent
-	}
-
-	return NATFilteringAddressAndPortDependent
-}
-
-func paddingLen(n int) int {
-	if n%4 == 0 {
-		return 0
-	}
-	return 4 - n%4
-}
--- a/common/tls/acme.go
+++ b/common/tls/acme.go
@@ -38,6 +38,37 @@ func (w *acmeWrapper) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }

+type acmeLogWriter struct {
+	logger logger.Logger
+}
+
+func (w *acmeLogWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	logLine := strings.ReplaceAll(string(p), "	", ": ")
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(logLine, "error: "):
+		w.logger.Error(logLine[7:])
+	case strings.HasPrefix(logLine, "warn: "):
+		w.logger.Warn(logLine[6:])
+	case strings.HasPrefix(logLine, "info: "):
+		w.logger.Info(logLine[6:])
+	case strings.HasPrefix(logLine, "debug: "):
+		w.logger.Debug(logLine[7:])
+	default:
+		w.logger.Debug(logLine)
+	}
+	return len(p), nil
+}
+
+func (w *acmeLogWriter) Sync() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func encoderConfig() zapcore.EncoderConfig {
+	config := zap.NewProductionEncoderConfig()
+	config.TimeKey = zapcore.OmitKey
+	return config
+}
+
 func startACME(ctx context.Context, logger logger.Logger, options option.InboundACMEOptions) (*tls.Config, adapter.SimpleLifecycle, error) {
 	var acmeServer string
 	switch options.Provider {
@@ -60,8 +91,8 @@ func startACME(ctx context.Context, logger logger.Logger, options option.Inbound
 		storage = certmagic.Default.Storage
 	}
 	zapLogger := zap.New(zapcore.NewCore(
-		zapcore.NewConsoleEncoder(ACMEEncoderConfig()),
-		&ACMELogWriter{Logger: logger},
+		zapcore.NewConsoleEncoder(encoderConfig()),
+		&acmeLogWriter{logger: logger},
 		zap.DebugLevel,
 	))
 	config := &certmagic.Config{
@@ -127,7 +158,7 @@ func startACME(ctx context.Context, logger logger.Logger, options option.Inbound
 	} else {
 		tlsConfig = &tls.Config{
 			GetCertificate: config.GetCertificate,
-			NextProtos:     []string{C.ACMETLS1Protocol},
+			NextProtos:     []string{ACMETLS1Protocol},
 		}
 	}
 	return tlsConfig, &acmeWrapper{ctx: ctx, cfg: config, cache: cache, domain: options.Domain}, nil
--- a/common/tls/acme_contstant.go
+++ b/common/tls/acme_contstant.go
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+package tls
+
+const ACMETLS1Protocol = "acme-tls/1"
--- a/common/tls/acme_logger.go
+++ b/common/tls/acme_logger.go
@@ -1,41 +0,0 @@
-package tls
-
-import (
-	"strings"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
-
-	"go.uber.org/zap"
-	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
-)
-
-type ACMELogWriter struct {
-	Logger logger.Logger
-}
-
-func (w *ACMELogWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	logLine := strings.ReplaceAll(string(p), "	", ": ")
-	switch {
-	case strings.HasPrefix(logLine, "error: "):
-		w.Logger.Error(logLine[7:])
-	case strings.HasPrefix(logLine, "warn: "):
-		w.Logger.Warn(logLine[6:])
-	case strings.HasPrefix(logLine, "info: "):
-		w.Logger.Info(logLine[6:])
-	case strings.HasPrefix(logLine, "debug: "):
-		w.Logger.Debug(logLine[7:])
-	default:
-		w.Logger.Debug(logLine)
-	}
-	return len(p), nil
-}
-
-func (w *ACMELogWriter) Sync() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func ACMEEncoderConfig() zapcore.EncoderConfig {
-	config := zap.NewProductionEncoderConfig()
-	config.TimeKey = zapcore.OmitKey
-	return config
-}
--- a/common/tls/apple_client.go
+++ b/common/tls/apple_client.go
@@ -1,218 +0,0 @@
-//go:build darwin && cgo
-
-package tls
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"net"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	boxConstant "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
-)
-
-type appleCertificateStore interface {
-	StoreKind() string
-	CurrentPEM() []string
-}
-
-type appleClientConfig struct {
-	serverName                 string
-	nextProtos                 []string
-	handshakeTimeout           time.Duration
-	minVersion                 uint16
-	maxVersion                 uint16
-	insecure                   bool
-	anchorPEM                  string
-	anchorOnly                 bool
-	certificatePublicKeySHA256 [][]byte
-	timeFunc                   func() time.Time
-}
-
-func (c *appleClientConfig) ServerName() string {
-	return c.serverName
-}
-
-func (c *appleClientConfig) SetServerName(serverName string) {
-	c.serverName = serverName
-}
-
-func (c *appleClientConfig) NextProtos() []string {
-	return c.nextProtos
-}
-
-func (c *appleClientConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
-	c.nextProtos = append(c.nextProtos[:0], nextProto...)
-}
-
-func (c *appleClientConfig) HandshakeTimeout() time.Duration {
-	return c.handshakeTimeout
-}
-
-func (c *appleClientConfig) SetHandshakeTimeout(timeout time.Duration) {
-	c.handshakeTimeout = timeout
-}
-
-func (c *appleClientConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
-	return nil, E.New("unsupported usage for Apple TLS engine")
-}
-
-func (c *appleClientConfig) Client(conn net.Conn) (Conn, error) {
-	return nil, os.ErrInvalid
-}
-
-func (c *appleClientConfig) Clone() Config {
-	return &appleClientConfig{
-		serverName:                 c.serverName,
-		nextProtos:                 append([]string(nil), c.nextProtos...),
-		handshakeTimeout:           c.handshakeTimeout,
-		minVersion:                 c.minVersion,
-		maxVersion:                 c.maxVersion,
-		insecure:                   c.insecure,
-		anchorPEM:                  c.anchorPEM,
-		anchorOnly:                 c.anchorOnly,
-		certificatePublicKeySHA256: append([][]byte(nil), c.certificatePublicKeySHA256...),
-		timeFunc:                   c.timeFunc,
-	}
-}
-
-func newAppleClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions, allowEmptyServerName bool) (Config, error) {
-	validated, err := ValidateAppleTLSOptions(ctx, options, "Apple TLS engine")
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var serverName string
-	if options.ServerName != "" {
-		serverName = options.ServerName
-	} else if serverAddress != "" {
-		serverName = serverAddress
-	}
-	if serverName == "" && !options.Insecure && !allowEmptyServerName {
-		return nil, errMissingServerName
-	}
-
-	var handshakeTimeout time.Duration
-	if options.HandshakeTimeout > 0 {
-		handshakeTimeout = options.HandshakeTimeout.Build()
-	} else {
-		handshakeTimeout = boxConstant.TCPTimeout
-	}
-
-	return &appleClientConfig{
-		serverName:                 serverName,
-		nextProtos:                 append([]string(nil), options.ALPN...),
-		handshakeTimeout:           handshakeTimeout,
-		minVersion:                 validated.MinVersion,
-		maxVersion:                 validated.MaxVersion,
-		insecure:                   options.Insecure || len(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256) > 0,
-		anchorPEM:                  validated.AnchorPEM,
-		anchorOnly:                 validated.AnchorOnly,
-		certificatePublicKeySHA256: append([][]byte(nil), options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256...),
-		timeFunc:                   ntp.TimeFuncFromContext(ctx),
-	}, nil
-}
-
-type AppleTLSValidated struct {
-	MinVersion uint16
-	MaxVersion uint16
-	AnchorPEM  string
-	AnchorOnly bool
-}
-
-func ValidateAppleTLSOptions(ctx context.Context, options option.OutboundTLSOptions, engineName string) (AppleTLSValidated, error) {
-	if options.Reality != nil && options.Reality.Enabled {
-		return AppleTLSValidated{}, E.New("reality is unsupported in ", engineName)
-	}
-	if options.UTLS != nil && options.UTLS.Enabled {
-		return AppleTLSValidated{}, E.New("utls is unsupported in ", engineName)
-	}
-	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
-		return AppleTLSValidated{}, E.New("ech is unsupported in ", engineName)
-	}
-	if options.DisableSNI {
-		return AppleTLSValidated{}, E.New("disable_sni is unsupported in ", engineName)
-	}
-	if len(options.CipherSuites) > 0 {
-		return AppleTLSValidated{}, E.New("cipher_suites is unsupported in ", engineName)
-	}
-	if len(options.CurvePreferences) > 0 {
-		return AppleTLSValidated{}, E.New("curve_preferences is unsupported in ", engineName)
-	}
-	if len(options.ClientCertificate) > 0 || options.ClientCertificatePath != "" || len(options.ClientKey) > 0 || options.ClientKeyPath != "" {
-		return AppleTLSValidated{}, E.New("client certificate is unsupported in ", engineName)
-	}
-	if options.Fragment || options.RecordFragment {
-		return AppleTLSValidated{}, E.New("tls fragment is unsupported in ", engineName)
-	}
-	if options.KernelTx || options.KernelRx {
-		return AppleTLSValidated{}, E.New("ktls is unsupported in ", engineName)
-	}
-	if len(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256) > 0 && (len(options.Certificate) > 0 || options.CertificatePath != "") {
-		return AppleTLSValidated{}, E.New("certificate_public_key_sha256 is conflict with certificate or certificate_path")
-	}
-	var minVersion uint16
-	if options.MinVersion != "" {
-		var err error
-		minVersion, err = ParseTLSVersion(options.MinVersion)
-		if err != nil {
-			return AppleTLSValidated{}, E.Cause(err, "parse min_version")
-		}
-	}
-	var maxVersion uint16
-	if options.MaxVersion != "" {
-		var err error
-		maxVersion, err = ParseTLSVersion(options.MaxVersion)
-		if err != nil {
-			return AppleTLSValidated{}, E.Cause(err, "parse max_version")
-		}
-	}
-	anchorPEM, anchorOnly, err := AppleAnchorPEM(ctx, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return AppleTLSValidated{}, err
-	}
-	return AppleTLSValidated{
-		MinVersion: minVersion,
-		MaxVersion: maxVersion,
-		AnchorPEM:  anchorPEM,
-		AnchorOnly: anchorOnly,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func AppleAnchorPEM(ctx context.Context, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (string, bool, error) {
-	if len(options.Certificate) > 0 {
-		return strings.Join(options.Certificate, "\n"), true, nil
-	}
-	if options.CertificatePath != "" {
-		content, err := os.ReadFile(options.CertificatePath)
-		if err != nil {
-			return "", false, E.Cause(err, "read certificate")
-		}
-		return string(content), true, nil
-	}
-
-	certificateStore := service.FromContext[adapter.CertificateStore](ctx)
-	if certificateStore == nil {
-		return "", false, nil
-	}
-	store, ok := certificateStore.(appleCertificateStore)
-	if !ok {
-		return "", false, nil
-	}
-
-	switch store.StoreKind() {
-	case boxConstant.CertificateStoreSystem, "":
-		return strings.Join(store.CurrentPEM(), "\n"), false, nil
-	case boxConstant.CertificateStoreMozilla, boxConstant.CertificateStoreChrome, boxConstant.CertificateStoreNone:
-		return strings.Join(store.CurrentPEM(), "\n"), true, nil
-	default:
-		return "", false, E.New("unsupported certificate store for Apple TLS engine: ", store.StoreKind())
-	}
-}
--- a/common/tls/apple_client_platform.go
+++ b/common/tls/apple_client_platform.go
@@ -1,425 +0,0 @@
-//go:build darwin && cgo
-
-package tls
-
-/*
-#cgo CFLAGS: -x objective-c -fobjc-arc
-#cgo LDFLAGS: -framework Foundation -framework Network -framework Security
-
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include "apple_client_platform.h"
-*/
-import "C"
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"crypto/tls"
-	"crypto/x509"
-	"encoding/binary"
-	"io"
-	"math"
-	"net"
-	"os"
-	"strings"
-	"sync"
-	"syscall"
-	"time"
-	"unsafe"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
-)
-
-func (c *appleClientConfig) ClientHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) (Conn, error) {
-	rawSyscallConn, ok := common.Cast[syscall.Conn](conn)
-	if !ok {
-		return nil, E.New("apple TLS: requires fd-backed TCP connection")
-	}
-	syscallConn, err := rawSyscallConn.SyscallConn()
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "access raw connection")
-	}
-
-	var dupFD int
-	controlErr := syscallConn.Control(func(fd uintptr) {
-		dupFD, err = unix.Dup(int(fd))
-	})
-	if controlErr != nil {
-		return nil, E.Cause(controlErr, "access raw connection")
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "duplicate raw connection")
-	}
-
-	serverName := c.serverName
-	serverNamePtr := cStringOrNil(serverName)
-	defer cFree(serverNamePtr)
-
-	alpn := strings.Join(c.nextProtos, "\n")
-	alpnPtr := cStringOrNil(alpn)
-	defer cFree(alpnPtr)
-
-	anchorPEMPtr := cStringOrNil(c.anchorPEM)
-	defer cFree(anchorPEMPtr)
-
-	var (
-		hasVerifyTime       bool
-		verifyTimeUnixMilli int64
-	)
-	if c.timeFunc != nil {
-		hasVerifyTime = true
-		verifyTimeUnixMilli = c.timeFunc().UnixMilli()
-	}
-
-	var errorPtr *C.char
-	client := C.box_apple_tls_client_create(
-		C.int(dupFD),
-		serverNamePtr,
-		alpnPtr,
-		C.size_t(len(alpn)),
-		C.uint16_t(c.minVersion),
-		C.uint16_t(c.maxVersion),
-		C.bool(c.insecure),
-		anchorPEMPtr,
-		C.size_t(len(c.anchorPEM)),
-		C.bool(c.anchorOnly),
-		C.bool(hasVerifyTime),
-		C.int64_t(verifyTimeUnixMilli),
-		&errorPtr,
-	)
-	if client == nil {
-		if errorPtr != nil {
-			defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(errorPtr))
-			return nil, E.New(C.GoString(errorPtr))
-		}
-		return nil, E.New("apple TLS: create connection")
-	}
-	if err = waitAppleTLSClientReady(ctx, client); err != nil {
-		C.box_apple_tls_client_cancel(client)
-		C.box_apple_tls_client_free(client)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	var state C.box_apple_tls_state_t
-	stateOK := C.box_apple_tls_client_copy_state(client, &state, &errorPtr)
-	if !bool(stateOK) {
-		C.box_apple_tls_client_cancel(client)
-		C.box_apple_tls_client_free(client)
-		if errorPtr != nil {
-			defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(errorPtr))
-			return nil, E.New(C.GoString(errorPtr))
-		}
-		return nil, E.New("apple TLS: read metadata")
-	}
-	defer C.box_apple_tls_state_free(&state)
-
-	connectionState, rawCerts, err := parseAppleTLSState(&state)
-	if err != nil {
-		C.box_apple_tls_client_cancel(client)
-		C.box_apple_tls_client_free(client)
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	if len(c.certificatePublicKeySHA256) > 0 {
-		err = VerifyPublicKeySHA256(c.certificatePublicKeySHA256, rawCerts)
-		if err != nil {
-			C.box_apple_tls_client_cancel(client)
-			C.box_apple_tls_client_free(client)
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-
-	return &appleTLSConn{
-		rawConn: conn,
-		client:  client,
-		state:   connectionState,
-		closed:  make(chan struct{}),
-	}, nil
-}
-
-const appleTLSHandshakePollInterval = 100 * time.Millisecond
-
-func waitAppleTLSClientReady(ctx context.Context, client *C.box_apple_tls_client_t) error {
-	for {
-		if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
-			C.box_apple_tls_client_cancel(client)
-			return err
-		}
-
-		waitTimeout := appleTLSHandshakePollInterval
-		if deadline, loaded := ctx.Deadline(); loaded {
-			remaining := time.Until(deadline)
-			if remaining <= 0 {
-				C.box_apple_tls_client_cancel(client)
-				if err := ctx.Err(); err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-				return context.DeadlineExceeded
-			}
-			if remaining < waitTimeout {
-				waitTimeout = remaining
-			}
-		}
-
-		var errorPtr *C.char
-		waitResult := C.box_apple_tls_client_wait_ready(client, C.int(timeoutFromDuration(waitTimeout)), &errorPtr)
-		switch waitResult {
-		case 1:
-			return nil
-		case -2:
-			continue
-		case 0:
-			if errorPtr != nil {
-				defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(errorPtr))
-				return E.New(C.GoString(errorPtr))
-			}
-			return E.New("apple TLS: handshake failed")
-		default:
-			return E.New("apple TLS: invalid handshake state")
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-type appleTLSConn struct {
-	rawConn net.Conn
-	client  *C.box_apple_tls_client_t
-	state   tls.ConnectionState
-
-	readAccess  sync.Mutex
-	writeAccess sync.Mutex
-	stateAccess sync.RWMutex
-	closeOnce   sync.Once
-	ioAccess    sync.Mutex
-	ioGroup     sync.WaitGroup
-	closed      chan struct{}
-	readEOF     bool
-}
-
-func (c *appleTLSConn) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
-	c.readAccess.Lock()
-	defer c.readAccess.Unlock()
-	if c.readEOF {
-		return 0, io.EOF
-	}
-	if len(p) == 0 {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-
-	client, err := c.acquireClient()
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	defer c.releaseClient()
-
-	var eof C.bool
-	var errorPtr *C.char
-	n := C.box_apple_tls_client_read(client, unsafe.Pointer(&p[0]), C.size_t(len(p)), &eof, &errorPtr)
-	switch {
-	case n >= 0:
-		if bool(eof) {
-			c.readEOF = true
-			if n == 0 {
-				return 0, io.EOF
-			}
-		}
-		return int(n), nil
-	default:
-		if errorPtr != nil {
-			defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(errorPtr))
-			if c.isClosed() {
-				return 0, net.ErrClosed
-			}
-			return 0, E.New(C.GoString(errorPtr))
-		}
-		return 0, net.ErrClosed
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *appleTLSConn) Write(p []byte) (int, error) {
-	c.writeAccess.Lock()
-	defer c.writeAccess.Unlock()
-	if len(p) == 0 {
-		return 0, nil
-	}
-
-	client, err := c.acquireClient()
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, err
-	}
-	defer c.releaseClient()
-
-	var errorPtr *C.char
-	n := C.box_apple_tls_client_write(client, unsafe.Pointer(&p[0]), C.size_t(len(p)), &errorPtr)
-	if n >= 0 {
-		return int(n), nil
-	}
-	if errorPtr != nil {
-		defer C.free(unsafe.Pointer(errorPtr))
-		if c.isClosed() {
-			return 0, net.ErrClosed
-		}
-		return 0, E.New(C.GoString(errorPtr))
-	}
-	return 0, net.ErrClosed
-}
-
-func (c *appleTLSConn) Close() error {
-	var closeErr error
-	c.closeOnce.Do(func() {
-		close(c.closed)
-		C.box_apple_tls_client_cancel(c.client)
-		closeErr = c.rawConn.Close()
-		c.ioAccess.Lock()
-		c.ioGroup.Wait()
-		C.box_apple_tls_client_free(c.client)
-		c.client = nil
-		c.ioAccess.Unlock()
-	})
-	return closeErr
-}
-
-func (c *appleTLSConn) LocalAddr() net.Addr {
-	return c.rawConn.LocalAddr()
-}
-
-func (c *appleTLSConn) RemoteAddr() net.Addr {
-	return c.rawConn.RemoteAddr()
-}
-
-func (c *appleTLSConn) SetDeadline(t time.Time) error {
-	return os.ErrInvalid
-}
-
-func (c *appleTLSConn) SetReadDeadline(t time.Time) error {
-	return os.ErrInvalid
-}
-
-func (c *appleTLSConn) SetWriteDeadline(t time.Time) error {
-	return os.ErrInvalid
-}
-
-func (c *appleTLSConn) NeedAdditionalReadDeadline() bool {
-	return true
-}
-
-func (c *appleTLSConn) isClosed() bool {
-	select {
-	case <-c.closed:
-		return true
-	default:
-		return false
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *appleTLSConn) acquireClient() (*C.box_apple_tls_client_t, error) {
-	c.ioAccess.Lock()
-	defer c.ioAccess.Unlock()
-	if c.isClosed() {
-		return nil, net.ErrClosed
-	}
-	client := c.client
-	if client == nil {
-		return nil, net.ErrClosed
-	}
-	c.ioGroup.Add(1)
-	return client, nil
-}
-
-func (c *appleTLSConn) releaseClient() {
-	c.ioGroup.Done()
-}
-
-func (c *appleTLSConn) NetConn() net.Conn {
-	return c.rawConn
-}
-
-func (c *appleTLSConn) HandshakeContext(ctx context.Context) error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (c *appleTLSConn) ConnectionState() ConnectionState {
-	c.stateAccess.RLock()
-	defer c.stateAccess.RUnlock()
-	return c.state
-}
-
-func parseAppleTLSState(state *C.box_apple_tls_state_t) (tls.ConnectionState, [][]byte, error) {
-	rawCerts, peerCertificates, err := parseAppleCertChain(state.peer_cert_chain, state.peer_cert_chain_len)
-	if err != nil {
-		return tls.ConnectionState{}, nil, err
-	}
-	var negotiatedProtocol string
-	if state.alpn != nil {
-		negotiatedProtocol = C.GoString(state.alpn)
-	}
-	var serverName string
-	if state.server_name != nil {
-		serverName = C.GoString(state.server_name)
-	}
-	return tls.ConnectionState{
-		Version:            uint16(state.version),
-		HandshakeComplete:  true,
-		CipherSuite:        uint16(state.cipher_suite),
-		NegotiatedProtocol: negotiatedProtocol,
-		ServerName:         serverName,
-		PeerCertificates:   peerCertificates,
-	}, rawCerts, nil
-}
-
-func parseAppleCertChain(chain *C.uint8_t, chainLen C.size_t) ([][]byte, []*x509.Certificate, error) {
-	if chain == nil || chainLen == 0 {
-		return nil, nil, nil
-	}
-	chainBytes := C.GoBytes(unsafe.Pointer(chain), C.int(chainLen))
-	var (
-		rawCerts         [][]byte
-		peerCertificates []*x509.Certificate
-	)
-	for len(chainBytes) >= 4 {
-		certificateLen := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(chainBytes[:4])
-		chainBytes = chainBytes[4:]
-		if len(chainBytes) < int(certificateLen) {
-			return nil, nil, E.New("apple TLS: invalid certificate chain")
-		}
-		certificateData := append([]byte(nil), chainBytes[:certificateLen]...)
-		certificate, err := x509.ParseCertificate(certificateData)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, nil, E.Cause(err, "parse peer certificate")
-		}
-		rawCerts = append(rawCerts, certificateData)
-		peerCertificates = append(peerCertificates, certificate)
-		chainBytes = chainBytes[certificateLen:]
-	}
-	if len(chainBytes) != 0 {
-		return nil, nil, E.New("apple TLS: invalid certificate chain")
-	}
-	return rawCerts, peerCertificates, nil
-}
-
-func timeoutFromDuration(timeout time.Duration) int {
-	if timeout <= 0 {
-		return 0
-	}
-	timeoutMilliseconds := int64(timeout / time.Millisecond)
-	if timeout%time.Millisecond != 0 {
-		timeoutMilliseconds++
-	}
-	if timeoutMilliseconds > math.MaxInt32 {
-		return math.MaxInt32
-	}
-	return int(timeoutMilliseconds)
-}
-
-func cStringOrNil(value string) *C.char {
-	if value == "" {
-		return nil
-	}
-	return C.CString(value)
-}
-
-func cFree(pointer *C.char) {
-	if pointer != nil {
-		C.free(unsafe.Pointer(pointer))
-	}
-}
--- a/common/tls/apple_client_platform.h
+++ b/common/tls/apple_client_platform.h
@@ -1,39 +0,0 @@
-#include <stdbool.h>
-#include <stddef.h>
-#include <stdint.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-
-typedef struct box_apple_tls_client box_apple_tls_client_t;
-
-typedef struct box_apple_tls_state {
-	uint16_t version;
-	uint16_t cipher_suite;
-	char *alpn;
-	char *server_name;
-	uint8_t *peer_cert_chain;
-	size_t peer_cert_chain_len;
-} box_apple_tls_state_t;
-
-box_apple_tls_client_t *box_apple_tls_client_create(
-	int connected_socket,
-	const char *server_name,
-	const char *alpn,
-	size_t alpn_len,
-	uint16_t min_version,
-	uint16_t max_version,
-	bool insecure,
-	const char *anchor_pem,
-	size_t anchor_pem_len,
-	bool anchor_only,
-	bool has_verify_time,
-	int64_t verify_time_unix_millis,
-	char **error_out
-);
-
-int box_apple_tls_client_wait_ready(box_apple_tls_client_t *client, int timeout_msec, char **error_out);
-void box_apple_tls_client_cancel(box_apple_tls_client_t *client);
-void box_apple_tls_client_free(box_apple_tls_client_t *client);
-ssize_t box_apple_tls_client_read(box_apple_tls_client_t *client, void *buffer, size_t buffer_len, bool *eof_out, char **error_out);
-ssize_t box_apple_tls_client_write(box_apple_tls_client_t *client, const void *buffer, size_t buffer_len, char **error_out);
-bool box_apple_tls_client_copy_state(box_apple_tls_client_t *client, box_apple_tls_state_t *state, char **error_out);
-void box_apple_tls_state_free(box_apple_tls_state_t *state);
--- a/common/tls/apple_client_platform.m
+++ b/common/tls/apple_client_platform.m
@@ -1,641 +0,0 @@
-#import "apple_client_platform.h"
-
-#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
-#import <Network/Network.h>
-#import <Security/Security.h>
-#import <Security/SecProtocolMetadata.h>
-#import <Security/SecProtocolOptions.h>
-#import <Security/SecProtocolTypes.h>
-#import <arpa/inet.h>
-#import <dlfcn.h>
-#import <dispatch/dispatch.h>
-#import <stdatomic.h>
-#import <stdlib.h>
-#import <string.h>
-#import <unistd.h>
-
-typedef nw_connection_t _Nullable (*box_nw_connection_create_with_connected_socket_and_parameters_f)(int connected_socket, nw_parameters_t parameters);
-typedef const char * _Nullable (*box_sec_protocol_metadata_string_accessor_f)(sec_protocol_metadata_t metadata);
-
-typedef struct box_apple_tls_client {
-	void *connection;
-	void *queue;
-	void *ready_semaphore;
-	atomic_int ref_count;
-	atomic_bool ready;
-	atomic_bool ready_done;
-	char *ready_error;
-	box_apple_tls_state_t state;
-} box_apple_tls_client_t;
-
-static nw_connection_t box_apple_tls_connection(box_apple_tls_client_t *client) {
-	if (client == NULL || client->connection == NULL) {
-		return nil;
-	}
-	return (__bridge nw_connection_t)client->connection;
-}
-
-static dispatch_queue_t box_apple_tls_client_queue(box_apple_tls_client_t *client) {
-	if (client == NULL || client->queue == NULL) {
-		return nil;
-	}
-	return (__bridge dispatch_queue_t)client->queue;
-}
-
-static dispatch_semaphore_t box_apple_tls_ready_semaphore(box_apple_tls_client_t *client) {
-	if (client == NULL || client->ready_semaphore == NULL) {
-		return nil;
-	}
-	return (__bridge dispatch_semaphore_t)client->ready_semaphore;
-}
-
-static void box_apple_tls_state_reset(box_apple_tls_state_t *state) {
-	if (state == NULL) {
-		return;
-	}
-	free(state->alpn);
-	free(state->server_name);
-	free(state->peer_cert_chain);
-	memset(state, 0, sizeof(box_apple_tls_state_t));
-}
-
-static void box_apple_tls_client_destroy(box_apple_tls_client_t *client) {
-	free(client->ready_error);
-	box_apple_tls_state_reset(&client->state);
-	if (client->ready_semaphore != NULL) {
-		CFBridgingRelease(client->ready_semaphore);
-	}
-	if (client->connection != NULL) {
-		CFBridgingRelease(client->connection);
-	}
-	if (client->queue != NULL) {
-		CFBridgingRelease(client->queue);
-	}
-	free(client);
-}
-
-static void box_apple_tls_client_release(box_apple_tls_client_t *client) {
-	if (client == NULL) {
-		return;
-	}
-	if (atomic_fetch_sub(&client->ref_count, 1) == 1) {
-		box_apple_tls_client_destroy(client);
-	}
-}
-
-static void box_set_error_string(char **error_out, NSString *message) {
-	if (error_out == NULL || *error_out != NULL) {
-		return;
-	}
-	const char *utf8 = [message UTF8String];
-	*error_out = strdup(utf8 != NULL ? utf8 : "unknown error");
-}
-
-static void box_set_error_message(char **error_out, const char *message) {
-	if (error_out == NULL || *error_out != NULL) {
-		return;
-	}
-	*error_out = strdup(message != NULL ? message : "unknown error");
-}
-
-static void box_set_error_from_nw_error(char **error_out, nw_error_t error) {
-	if (error == NULL) {
-		box_set_error_message(error_out, "unknown network error");
-		return;
-	}
-	CFErrorRef cfError = nw_error_copy_cf_error(error);
-	if (cfError == NULL) {
-		box_set_error_message(error_out, "unknown network error");
-		return;
-	}
-	NSString *description = [(__bridge NSError *)cfError description];
-	box_set_error_string(error_out, description);
-	CFRelease(cfError);
-}
-
-static char *box_apple_tls_metadata_copy_negotiated_protocol(sec_protocol_metadata_t metadata) {
-	static box_sec_protocol_metadata_string_accessor_f copy_fn;
-	static box_sec_protocol_metadata_string_accessor_f get_fn;
-	static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
-	dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
-		copy_fn = (box_sec_protocol_metadata_string_accessor_f)dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "sec_protocol_metadata_copy_negotiated_protocol");
-		get_fn = (box_sec_protocol_metadata_string_accessor_f)dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "sec_protocol_metadata_get_negotiated_protocol");
-	});
-	if (copy_fn != NULL) {
-		return (char *)copy_fn(metadata);
-	}
-	if (get_fn != NULL) {
-		const char *protocol = get_fn(metadata);
-		if (protocol != NULL) {
-			return strdup(protocol);
-		}
-	}
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static char *box_apple_tls_metadata_copy_server_name(sec_protocol_metadata_t metadata) {
-	static box_sec_protocol_metadata_string_accessor_f copy_fn;
-	static box_sec_protocol_metadata_string_accessor_f get_fn;
-	static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
-	dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
-		copy_fn = (box_sec_protocol_metadata_string_accessor_f)dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "sec_protocol_metadata_copy_server_name");
-		get_fn = (box_sec_protocol_metadata_string_accessor_f)dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "sec_protocol_metadata_get_server_name");
-	});
-	if (copy_fn != NULL) {
-		return (char *)copy_fn(metadata);
-	}
-	if (get_fn != NULL) {
-		const char *server_name = get_fn(metadata);
-		if (server_name != NULL) {
-			return strdup(server_name);
-		}
-	}
-	return NULL;
-}
-
-static NSArray<NSString *> *box_split_lines(const char *content, size_t content_len) {
-	if (content == NULL || content_len == 0) {
-		return @[];
-	}
-	NSString *string = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:content length:content_len encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
-	if (string == nil) {
-		return @[];
-	}
-	NSMutableArray<NSString *> *lines = [NSMutableArray array];
-	[string enumerateLinesUsingBlock:^(NSString *line, BOOL *stop) {
-		if (line.length > 0) {
-			[lines addObject:line];
-		}
-	}];
-	return lines;
-}
-
-static NSArray *box_parse_certificates_from_pem(const char *pem, size_t pem_len) {
-	if (pem == NULL || pem_len == 0) {
-		return @[];
-	}
-	NSString *content = [[NSString alloc] initWithBytes:pem length:pem_len encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding];
-	if (content == nil) {
-		return @[];
-	}
-	NSString *beginMarker = @"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----";
-	NSString *endMarker = @"-----END CERTIFICATE-----";
-	NSMutableArray *certificates = [NSMutableArray array];
-	NSUInteger searchFrom = 0;
-	while (searchFrom < content.length) {
-		NSRange beginRange = [content rangeOfString:beginMarker options:0 range:NSMakeRange(searchFrom, content.length - searchFrom)];
-		if (beginRange.location == NSNotFound) {
-			break;
-		}
-		NSUInteger bodyStart = beginRange.location + beginRange.length;
-		NSRange endRange = [content rangeOfString:endMarker options:0 range:NSMakeRange(bodyStart, content.length - bodyStart)];
-		if (endRange.location == NSNotFound) {
-			break;
-		}
-		NSString *base64Section = [content substringWithRange:NSMakeRange(bodyStart, endRange.location - bodyStart)];
-		NSArray<NSString *> *components = [base64Section componentsSeparatedByCharactersInSet:[NSCharacterSet whitespaceAndNewlineCharacterSet]];
-		NSString *base64Content = [components componentsJoinedByString:@""];
-		NSData *der = [[NSData alloc] initWithBase64EncodedString:base64Content options:0];
-		if (der != nil) {
-			SecCertificateRef certificate = SecCertificateCreateWithData(NULL, (__bridge CFDataRef)der);
-			if (certificate != NULL) {
-				[certificates addObject:(__bridge id)certificate];
-				CFRelease(certificate);
-			}
-		}
-		searchFrom = endRange.location + endRange.length;
-	}
-	return certificates;
-}
-
-static bool box_evaluate_trust(sec_trust_t trust, NSArray *anchors, bool anchor_only, NSDate *verify_date) {
-	bool result = false;
-	SecTrustRef trustRef = sec_trust_copy_ref(trust);
-	if (trustRef == NULL) {
-		return false;
-	}
-	if (verify_date != nil && SecTrustSetVerifyDate(trustRef, (__bridge CFDateRef)verify_date) != errSecSuccess) {
-		CFRelease(trustRef);
-		return false;
-	}
-	if (anchors.count > 0 || anchor_only) {
-		CFMutableArrayRef anchorArray = CFArrayCreateMutable(NULL, 0, &kCFTypeArrayCallBacks);
-		for (id certificate in anchors) {
-			CFArrayAppendValue(anchorArray, (__bridge const void *)certificate);
-		}
-		SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates(trustRef, anchorArray);
-		SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly(trustRef, anchor_only);
-		CFRelease(anchorArray);
-	}
-	CFErrorRef error = NULL;
-	result = SecTrustEvaluateWithError(trustRef, &error);
-	if (error != NULL) {
-		CFRelease(error);
-	}
-	CFRelease(trustRef);
-	return result;
-}
-
-static nw_connection_t box_apple_tls_create_connection(int connected_socket, nw_parameters_t parameters) {
-	static box_nw_connection_create_with_connected_socket_and_parameters_f create_fn;
-	static dispatch_once_t onceToken;
-	dispatch_once(&onceToken, ^{
-		char name[] = "sretemarap_dna_tekcos_detcennoc_htiw_etaerc_noitcennoc_wn";
-		for (size_t i = 0, j = sizeof(name) - 2; i < j; i++, j--) {
-			char t = name[i];
-			name[i] = name[j];
-			name[j] = t;
-		}
-		create_fn = (box_nw_connection_create_with_connected_socket_and_parameters_f)dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, name);
-	});
-	if (create_fn == NULL) {
-		return nil;
-	}
-	return create_fn(connected_socket, parameters);
-}
-
-static bool box_apple_tls_state_copy(const box_apple_tls_state_t *source, box_apple_tls_state_t *destination) {
-	memset(destination, 0, sizeof(box_apple_tls_state_t));
-	destination->version = source->version;
-	destination->cipher_suite = source->cipher_suite;
-	if (source->alpn != NULL) {
-		destination->alpn = strdup(source->alpn);
-		if (destination->alpn == NULL) {
-			goto oom;
-		}
-	}
-	if (source->server_name != NULL) {
-		destination->server_name = strdup(source->server_name);
-		if (destination->server_name == NULL) {
-			goto oom;
-		}
-	}
-	if (source->peer_cert_chain_len > 0) {
-		destination->peer_cert_chain = malloc(source->peer_cert_chain_len);
-		if (destination->peer_cert_chain == NULL) {
-			goto oom;
-		}
-		memcpy(destination->peer_cert_chain, source->peer_cert_chain, source->peer_cert_chain_len);
-		destination->peer_cert_chain_len = source->peer_cert_chain_len;
-	}
-	return true;
-
-oom:
-	box_apple_tls_state_reset(destination);
-	return false;
-}
-
-static bool box_apple_tls_state_load(nw_connection_t connection, box_apple_tls_state_t *state, char **error_out) {
-	box_apple_tls_state_reset(state);
-	if (connection == nil) {
-		box_set_error_message(error_out, "apple TLS: invalid client");
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	nw_protocol_definition_t tls_definition = nw_protocol_copy_tls_definition();
-	nw_protocol_metadata_t metadata = nw_connection_copy_protocol_metadata(connection, tls_definition);
-	if (metadata == NULL || !nw_protocol_metadata_is_tls(metadata)) {
-		box_set_error_message(error_out, "apple TLS: metadata unavailable");
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	sec_protocol_metadata_t sec_metadata = nw_tls_copy_sec_protocol_metadata(metadata);
-	if (sec_metadata == NULL) {
-		box_set_error_message(error_out, "apple TLS: metadata unavailable");
-		return false;
-	}
-
-	state->version = (uint16_t)sec_protocol_metadata_get_negotiated_tls_protocol_version(sec_metadata);
-	state->cipher_suite = (uint16_t)sec_protocol_metadata_get_negotiated_tls_ciphersuite(sec_metadata);
-	state->alpn = box_apple_tls_metadata_copy_negotiated_protocol(sec_metadata);
-	state->server_name = box_apple_tls_metadata_copy_server_name(sec_metadata);
-
-	NSMutableData *chain_data = [NSMutableData data];
-	sec_protocol_metadata_access_peer_certificate_chain(sec_metadata, ^(sec_certificate_t certificate) {
-		SecCertificateRef certificate_ref = sec_certificate_copy_ref(certificate);
-		if (certificate_ref == NULL) {
-			return;
-		}
-		CFDataRef certificate_data = SecCertificateCopyData(certificate_ref);
-		CFRelease(certificate_ref);
-		if (certificate_data == NULL) {
-			return;
-		}
-		uint32_t certificate_len = (uint32_t)CFDataGetLength(certificate_data);
-		uint32_t network_len = htonl(certificate_len);
-		[chain_data appendBytes:&network_len length:sizeof(network_len)];
-		[chain_data appendBytes:CFDataGetBytePtr(certificate_data) length:certificate_len];
-		CFRelease(certificate_data);
-	});
-	if (chain_data.length > 0) {
-		state->peer_cert_chain = malloc(chain_data.length);
-		if (state->peer_cert_chain == NULL) {
-			box_set_error_message(error_out, "apple TLS: out of memory");
-			box_apple_tls_state_reset(state);
-			return false;
-		}
-		memcpy(state->peer_cert_chain, chain_data.bytes, chain_data.length);
-		state->peer_cert_chain_len = chain_data.length;
-	}
-	return true;
-}
-
-box_apple_tls_client_t *box_apple_tls_client_create(
-	int connected_socket,
-	const char *server_name,
-	const char *alpn,
-	size_t alpn_len,
-	uint16_t min_version,
-	uint16_t max_version,
-	bool insecure,
-	const char *anchor_pem,
-	size_t anchor_pem_len,
-	bool anchor_only,
-	bool has_verify_time,
-	int64_t verify_time_unix_millis,
-	char **error_out
-) {
-	box_apple_tls_client_t *client = calloc(1, sizeof(box_apple_tls_client_t));
-	if (client == NULL) {
-		close(connected_socket);
-		box_set_error_message(error_out, "apple TLS: out of memory");
-		return NULL;
-	}
-	client->queue = (__bridge_retained void *)dispatch_queue_create("sing-box.apple-private-tls", DISPATCH_QUEUE_SERIAL);
-	client->ready_semaphore = (__bridge_retained void *)dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
-	atomic_init(&client->ref_count, 1);
-	atomic_init(&client->ready, false);
-	atomic_init(&client->ready_done, false);
-
-	NSArray<NSString *> *alpnList = box_split_lines(alpn, alpn_len);
-	NSArray *anchors = box_parse_certificates_from_pem(anchor_pem, anchor_pem_len);
-	NSDate *verifyDate = nil;
-	if (has_verify_time) {
-		verifyDate = [NSDate dateWithTimeIntervalSince1970:(NSTimeInterval)verify_time_unix_millis / 1000.0];
-	}
-	nw_parameters_t parameters = nw_parameters_create_secure_tcp(^(nw_protocol_options_t tls_options) {
-		sec_protocol_options_t sec_options = nw_tls_copy_sec_protocol_options(tls_options);
-		if (min_version != 0) {
-			sec_protocol_options_set_min_tls_protocol_version(sec_options, (tls_protocol_version_t)min_version);
-		}
-		if (max_version != 0) {
-			sec_protocol_options_set_max_tls_protocol_version(sec_options, (tls_protocol_version_t)max_version);
-		}
-		if (server_name != NULL && server_name[0] != '\0') {
-			sec_protocol_options_set_tls_server_name(sec_options, server_name);
-		}
-		for (NSString *protocol in alpnList) {
-			sec_protocol_options_add_tls_application_protocol(sec_options, protocol.UTF8String);
-		}
-		sec_protocol_options_set_peer_authentication_required(sec_options, !insecure);
-		if (insecure) {
-			sec_protocol_options_set_verify_block(sec_options, ^(sec_protocol_metadata_t metadata, sec_trust_t trust, sec_protocol_verify_complete_t complete) {
-				complete(true);
-			}, box_apple_tls_client_queue(client));
-		} else if (verifyDate != nil || anchors.count > 0 || anchor_only) {
-			sec_protocol_options_set_verify_block(sec_options, ^(sec_protocol_metadata_t metadata, sec_trust_t trust, sec_protocol_verify_complete_t complete) {
-				complete(box_evaluate_trust(trust, anchors, anchor_only, verifyDate));
-			}, box_apple_tls_client_queue(client));
-		}
-	}, NW_PARAMETERS_DEFAULT_CONFIGURATION);
-
-	nw_connection_t connection = box_apple_tls_create_connection(connected_socket, parameters);
-	if (connection == NULL) {
-		close(connected_socket);
-		if (client->ready_semaphore != NULL) {
-			CFBridgingRelease(client->ready_semaphore);
-		}
-		if (client->queue != NULL) {
-			CFBridgingRelease(client->queue);
-		}
-		free(client);
-		box_set_error_message(error_out, "apple TLS: failed to create connection");
-		return NULL;
-	}
-
-	client->connection = (__bridge_retained void *)connection;
-	atomic_fetch_add(&client->ref_count, 1);
-
-	nw_connection_set_state_changed_handler(connection, ^(nw_connection_state_t state, nw_error_t error) {
-		switch (state) {
-		case nw_connection_state_ready:
-			if (!atomic_load(&client->ready_done)) {
-				atomic_store(&client->ready, box_apple_tls_state_load(connection, &client->state, &client->ready_error));
-				atomic_store(&client->ready_done, true);
-				dispatch_semaphore_signal(box_apple_tls_ready_semaphore(client));
-			}
-			break;
-		case nw_connection_state_failed:
-			if (!atomic_load(&client->ready_done)) {
-				box_set_error_from_nw_error(&client->ready_error, error);
-				atomic_store(&client->ready_done, true);
-				dispatch_semaphore_signal(box_apple_tls_ready_semaphore(client));
-			}
-			break;
-		case nw_connection_state_cancelled:
-			if (!atomic_load(&client->ready_done)) {
-				box_set_error_from_nw_error(&client->ready_error, error);
-				atomic_store(&client->ready_done, true);
-				dispatch_semaphore_signal(box_apple_tls_ready_semaphore(client));
-			}
-			box_apple_tls_client_release(client);
-			break;
-		default:
-			break;
-		}
-	});
-	nw_connection_set_queue(connection, box_apple_tls_client_queue(client));
-	nw_connection_start(connection);
-	return client;
-}
-
-int box_apple_tls_client_wait_ready(box_apple_tls_client_t *client, int timeout_msec, char **error_out) {
-	dispatch_semaphore_t ready_semaphore = box_apple_tls_ready_semaphore(client);
-	if (ready_semaphore == nil) {
-		box_set_error_message(error_out, "apple TLS: invalid client");
-		return 0;
-	}
-	if (!atomic_load(&client->ready_done)) {
-		dispatch_time_t timeout = DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER;
-		if (timeout_msec >= 0) {
-			timeout = dispatch_time(DISPATCH_TIME_NOW, (int64_t)timeout_msec * NSEC_PER_MSEC);
-		}
-		long wait_result = dispatch_semaphore_wait(ready_semaphore, timeout);
-		if (wait_result != 0) {
-			return -2;
-		}
-	}
-	if (atomic_load(&client->ready)) {
-		return 1;
-	}
-	if (client->ready_error != NULL) {
-		if (error_out != NULL) {
-			*error_out = client->ready_error;
-			client->ready_error = NULL;
-		} else {
-			free(client->ready_error);
-			client->ready_error = NULL;
-		}
-	} else {
-		box_set_error_message(error_out, "apple TLS: handshake failed");
-	}
-	return 0;
-}
-
-void box_apple_tls_client_cancel(box_apple_tls_client_t *client) {
-	if (client == NULL) {
-		return;
-	}
-	nw_connection_t connection = box_apple_tls_connection(client);
-	if (connection != nil) {
-		nw_connection_cancel(connection);
-	}
-}
-
-void box_apple_tls_client_free(box_apple_tls_client_t *client) {
-	if (client == NULL) {
-		return;
-	}
-	nw_connection_t connection = box_apple_tls_connection(client);
-	if (connection != nil) {
-		nw_connection_cancel(connection);
-	}
-	box_apple_tls_client_release(client);
-}
-
-ssize_t box_apple_tls_client_read(box_apple_tls_client_t *client, void *buffer, size_t buffer_len, bool *eof_out, char **error_out) {
-	nw_connection_t connection = box_apple_tls_connection(client);
-	if (connection == nil) {
-		box_set_error_message(error_out, "apple TLS: invalid client");
-		return -1;
-	}
-
-	dispatch_semaphore_t read_semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
-	__block NSData *content_data = nil;
-	__block bool read_eof = false;
-	__block char *local_error = NULL;
-
-	nw_connection_receive(connection, 1, (uint32_t)buffer_len, ^(dispatch_data_t content, nw_content_context_t context, bool is_complete, nw_error_t error) {
-		if (content != NULL) {
-			const void *mapped = NULL;
-			size_t mapped_len = 0;
-			dispatch_data_t mapped_data = dispatch_data_create_map(content, &mapped, &mapped_len);
-			if (mapped != NULL && mapped_len > 0) {
-				content_data = [NSData dataWithBytes:mapped length:mapped_len];
-			}
-			(void)mapped_data;
-		}
-		if (error != NULL && content_data.length == 0) {
-			box_set_error_from_nw_error(&local_error, error);
-		}
-		if (is_complete && (context == NULL || nw_content_context_get_is_final(context))) {
-			read_eof = true;
-		}
-		dispatch_semaphore_signal(read_semaphore);
-	});
-
-	dispatch_semaphore_wait(read_semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
-	if (local_error != NULL) {
-		if (error_out != NULL) {
-			*error_out = local_error;
-		} else {
-			free(local_error);
-		}
-		return -1;
-	}
-	if (eof_out != NULL) {
-		*eof_out = read_eof;
-	}
-	if (content_data == nil || content_data.length == 0) {
-		return 0;
-	}
-	memcpy(buffer, content_data.bytes, content_data.length);
-	return (ssize_t)content_data.length;
-}
-
-ssize_t box_apple_tls_client_write(box_apple_tls_client_t *client, const void *buffer, size_t buffer_len, char **error_out) {
-	nw_connection_t connection = box_apple_tls_connection(client);
-	if (connection == nil) {
-		box_set_error_message(error_out, "apple TLS: invalid client");
-		return -1;
-	}
-	if (buffer_len == 0) {
-		return 0;
-	}
-
-	void *content_copy = malloc(buffer_len);
-	dispatch_queue_t queue = box_apple_tls_client_queue(client);
-	if (content_copy == NULL) {
-		free(content_copy);
-		box_set_error_message(error_out, "apple TLS: out of memory");
-		return -1;
-	}
-	if (queue == nil) {
-		free(content_copy);
-		box_set_error_message(error_out, "apple TLS: invalid client");
-		return -1;
-	}
-	memcpy(content_copy, buffer, buffer_len);
-	dispatch_data_t content = dispatch_data_create(content_copy, buffer_len, queue, ^{
-		free(content_copy);
-	});
-
-	dispatch_semaphore_t write_semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
-	__block char *local_error = NULL;
-
-	nw_connection_send(connection, content, NW_CONNECTION_DEFAULT_STREAM_CONTEXT, false, ^(nw_error_t error) {
-		if (error != NULL) {
-			box_set_error_from_nw_error(&local_error, error);
-		}
-		dispatch_semaphore_signal(write_semaphore);
-	});
-
-	dispatch_semaphore_wait(write_semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
-	if (local_error != NULL) {
-		if (error_out != NULL) {
-			*error_out = local_error;
-		} else {
-			free(local_error);
-		}
-		return -1;
-	}
-	return (ssize_t)buffer_len;
-}
-
-bool box_apple_tls_client_copy_state(box_apple_tls_client_t *client, box_apple_tls_state_t *state, char **error_out) {
-	dispatch_queue_t queue = box_apple_tls_client_queue(client);
-	if (queue == nil || state == NULL) {
-		box_set_error_message(error_out, "apple TLS: invalid client");
-		return false;
-	}
-	memset(state, 0, sizeof(box_apple_tls_state_t));
-	__block bool copied = false;
-	__block char *local_error = NULL;
-	dispatch_sync(queue, ^{
-		if (!atomic_load(&client->ready)) {
-			box_set_error_message(&local_error, "apple TLS: metadata unavailable");
-			return;
-		}
-		if (!box_apple_tls_state_copy(&client->state, state)) {
-			box_set_error_message(&local_error, "apple TLS: out of memory");
-			return;
-		}
-		copied = true;
-	});
-	if (copied) {
-		return true;
-	}
-	if (local_error != NULL) {
-		if (error_out != NULL) {
-			*error_out = local_error;
-		} else {
-			free(local_error);
-		}
-	}
-	box_apple_tls_state_reset(state);
-	return false;
-}
-
-void box_apple_tls_state_free(box_apple_tls_state_t *state) {
-	box_apple_tls_state_reset(state);
-}
--- a/common/tls/apple_client_platform_test.go
+++ b/common/tls/apple_client_platform_test.go
@@ -1,301 +0,0 @@
-//go:build darwin && cgo
-
-package tls
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	stdtls "crypto/tls"
-	"net"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badoption"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
-)
-
-const appleTLSTestTimeout = 5 * time.Second
-
-const (
-	appleTLSSuccessHandshakeLoops = 20
-	appleTLSFailureRecoveryLoops  = 10
-)
-
-type appleTLSServerResult struct {
-	state stdtls.ConnectionState
-	err   error
-}
-
-func TestAppleClientHandshakeAppliesALPNAndVersion(t *testing.T) {
-	serverCertificate, serverCertificatePEM := newAppleTestCertificate(t, "localhost")
-	for index := 0; index < appleTLSSuccessHandshakeLoops; index++ {
-		serverResult, serverAddress := startAppleTLSTestServer(t, &stdtls.Config{
-			Certificates: []stdtls.Certificate{serverCertificate},
-			MinVersion:   stdtls.VersionTLS12,
-			MaxVersion:   stdtls.VersionTLS12,
-			NextProtos:   []string{"h2"},
-		})
-
-		clientConn, err := newAppleTestClientConn(t, serverAddress, option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-			Enabled:     true,
-			Engine:      "apple",
-			ServerName:  "localhost",
-			MinVersion:  "1.2",
-			MaxVersion:  "1.2",
-			ALPN:        badoption.Listable[string]{"h2"},
-			Certificate: badoption.Listable[string]{serverCertificatePEM},
-		})
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("iteration %d: %v", index, err)
-		}
-
-		clientState := clientConn.ConnectionState()
-		if clientState.Version != stdtls.VersionTLS12 {
-			_ = clientConn.Close()
-			t.Fatalf("iteration %d: unexpected negotiated version: %x", index, clientState.Version)
-		}
-		if clientState.NegotiatedProtocol != "h2" {
-			_ = clientConn.Close()
-			t.Fatalf("iteration %d: unexpected negotiated protocol: %q", index, clientState.NegotiatedProtocol)
-		}
-		_ = clientConn.Close()
-
-		result := <-serverResult
-		if result.err != nil {
-			t.Fatalf("iteration %d: %v", index, result.err)
-		}
-		if result.state.Version != stdtls.VersionTLS12 {
-			t.Fatalf("iteration %d: server negotiated unexpected version: %x", index, result.state.Version)
-		}
-		if result.state.NegotiatedProtocol != "h2" {
-			t.Fatalf("iteration %d: server negotiated unexpected protocol: %q", index, result.state.NegotiatedProtocol)
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAppleClientHandshakeRejectsVersionMismatch(t *testing.T) {
-	serverCertificate, serverCertificatePEM := newAppleTestCertificate(t, "localhost")
-	serverResult, serverAddress := startAppleTLSTestServer(t, &stdtls.Config{
-		Certificates: []stdtls.Certificate{serverCertificate},
-		MinVersion:   stdtls.VersionTLS13,
-		MaxVersion:   stdtls.VersionTLS13,
-	})
-
-	clientConn, err := newAppleTestClientConn(t, serverAddress, option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-		Enabled:     true,
-		Engine:      "apple",
-		ServerName:  "localhost",
-		MaxVersion:  "1.2",
-		Certificate: badoption.Listable[string]{serverCertificatePEM},
-	})
-	if err == nil {
-		clientConn.Close()
-		t.Fatal("expected version mismatch handshake to fail")
-	}
-
-	if result := <-serverResult; result.err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected server handshake to fail on version mismatch")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAppleClientHandshakeRejectsServerNameMismatch(t *testing.T) {
-	serverCertificate, serverCertificatePEM := newAppleTestCertificate(t, "localhost")
-	serverResult, serverAddress := startAppleTLSTestServer(t, &stdtls.Config{
-		Certificates: []stdtls.Certificate{serverCertificate},
-	})
-
-	clientConn, err := newAppleTestClientConn(t, serverAddress, option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-		Enabled:     true,
-		Engine:      "apple",
-		ServerName:  "example.com",
-		Certificate: badoption.Listable[string]{serverCertificatePEM},
-	})
-	if err == nil {
-		clientConn.Close()
-		t.Fatal("expected server name mismatch handshake to fail")
-	}
-
-	if result := <-serverResult; result.err == nil {
-		t.Fatal("expected server handshake to fail on server name mismatch")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestAppleClientHandshakeRecoversAfterFailure(t *testing.T) {
-	serverCertificate, serverCertificatePEM := newAppleTestCertificate(t, "localhost")
-	testCases := []struct {
-		name          string
-		serverConfig  *stdtls.Config
-		clientOptions option.OutboundTLSOptions
-	}{
-		{
-			name: "version mismatch",
-			serverConfig: &stdtls.Config{
-				Certificates: []stdtls.Certificate{serverCertificate},
-				MinVersion:   stdtls.VersionTLS13,
-				MaxVersion:   stdtls.VersionTLS13,
-			},
-			clientOptions: option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-				Enabled:     true,
-				Engine:      "apple",
-				ServerName:  "localhost",
-				MaxVersion:  "1.2",
-				Certificate: badoption.Listable[string]{serverCertificatePEM},
-			},
-		},
-		{
-			name: "server name mismatch",
-			serverConfig: &stdtls.Config{
-				Certificates: []stdtls.Certificate{serverCertificate},
-			},
-			clientOptions: option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-				Enabled:     true,
-				Engine:      "apple",
-				ServerName:  "example.com",
-				Certificate: badoption.Listable[string]{serverCertificatePEM},
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	successClientOptions := option.OutboundTLSOptions{
-		Enabled:     true,
-		Engine:      "apple",
-		ServerName:  "localhost",
-		MinVersion:  "1.2",
-		MaxVersion:  "1.2",
-		ALPN:        badoption.Listable[string]{"h2"},
-		Certificate: badoption.Listable[string]{serverCertificatePEM},
-	}
-
-	for _, testCase := range testCases {
-		t.Run(testCase.name, func(t *testing.T) {
-			for index := 0; index < appleTLSFailureRecoveryLoops; index++ {
-				failedResult, failedAddress := startAppleTLSTestServer(t, testCase.serverConfig)
-				failedConn, err := newAppleTestClientConn(t, failedAddress, testCase.clientOptions)
-				if err == nil {
-					_ = failedConn.Close()
-					t.Fatalf("iteration %d: expected handshake failure", index)
-				}
-				if result := <-failedResult; result.err == nil {
-					t.Fatalf("iteration %d: expected server handshake failure", index)
-				}
-
-				successResult, successAddress := startAppleTLSTestServer(t, &stdtls.Config{
-					Certificates: []stdtls.Certificate{serverCertificate},
-					MinVersion:   stdtls.VersionTLS12,
-					MaxVersion:   stdtls.VersionTLS12,
-					NextProtos:   []string{"h2"},
-				})
-				successConn, err := newAppleTestClientConn(t, successAddress, successClientOptions)
-				if err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("iteration %d: follow-up handshake failed: %v", index, err)
-				}
-				clientState := successConn.ConnectionState()
-				if clientState.NegotiatedProtocol != "h2" {
-					_ = successConn.Close()
-					t.Fatalf("iteration %d: unexpected negotiated protocol after failure: %q", index, clientState.NegotiatedProtocol)
-				}
-				_ = successConn.Close()
-
-				result := <-successResult
-				if result.err != nil {
-					t.Fatalf("iteration %d: follow-up server handshake failed: %v", index, result.err)
-				}
-				if result.state.NegotiatedProtocol != "h2" {
-					t.Fatalf("iteration %d: follow-up server negotiated unexpected protocol: %q", index, result.state.NegotiatedProtocol)
-				}
-			}
-		})
-	}
-}
-
-func newAppleTestCertificate(t *testing.T, serverName string) (stdtls.Certificate, string) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	privateKeyPEM, certificatePEM, err := GenerateCertificate(nil, nil, time.Now, serverName, time.Now().Add(time.Hour))
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	certificate, err := stdtls.X509KeyPair(certificatePEM, privateKeyPEM)
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	return certificate, string(certificatePEM)
-}
-
-func startAppleTLSTestServer(t *testing.T, tlsConfig *stdtls.Config) (<-chan appleTLSServerResult, string) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:0")
-	if err != nil {
-		t.Fatal(err)
-	}
-	t.Cleanup(func() {
-		listener.Close()
-	})
-
-	if tcpListener, isTCP := listener.(*net.TCPListener); isTCP {
-		err = tcpListener.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(appleTLSTestTimeout))
-		if err != nil {
-			t.Fatal(err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	result := make(chan appleTLSServerResult, 1)
-	go func() {
-		defer close(result)
-
-		conn, err := listener.Accept()
-		if err != nil {
-			result <- appleTLSServerResult{err: err}
-			return
-		}
-		defer conn.Close()
-
-		err = conn.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(appleTLSTestTimeout))
-		if err != nil {
-			result <- appleTLSServerResult{err: err}
-			return
-		}
-
-		tlsConn := stdtls.Server(conn, tlsConfig)
-		defer tlsConn.Close()
-
-		err = tlsConn.Handshake()
-		if err != nil {
-			result <- appleTLSServerResult{err: err}
-			return
-		}
-
-		result <- appleTLSServerResult{state: tlsConn.ConnectionState()}
-	}()
-
-	return result, listener.Addr().String()
-}
-
-func newAppleTestClientConn(t *testing.T, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Conn, error) {
-	t.Helper()
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), appleTLSTestTimeout)
-	t.Cleanup(cancel)
-
-	clientConfig, err := NewClientWithOptions(ClientOptions{
-		Context:       ctx,
-		Logger:        logger.NOP(),
-		ServerAddress: "",
-		Options:       options,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", serverAddress, appleTLSTestTimeout)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-
-	tlsConn, err := ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, clientConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		conn.Close()
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return tlsConn, nil
-}
--- a/common/tls/apple_client_stub.go
+++ b/common/tls/apple_client_stub.go
@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !darwin || !cgo
-
-package tls
-
-import (
-	"context"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
-)
-
-func newAppleClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions, allowEmptyServerName bool) (Config, error) {
-	return nil, E.New("Apple TLS engine is not available on non-Apple platforms")
-}
--- a/common/tls/client.go
+++ b/common/tls/client.go
@@ -10,15 +10,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/badtls"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
 )

-var errMissingServerName = E.New("missing server_name or insecure=true")
-
 func NewDialerFromOptions(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (N.Dialer, error) {
 	if !options.Enabled {
 		return dialer, nil
@@ -45,12 +42,11 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress s
 }

 type ClientOptions struct {
-	Context              context.Context
-	Logger               logger.ContextLogger
-	ServerAddress        string
-	Options              option.OutboundTLSOptions
-	AllowEmptyServerName bool
-	KTLSCompatible       bool
+	Context        context.Context
+	Logger         logger.ContextLogger
+	ServerAddress  string
+	Options        option.OutboundTLSOptions
+	KTLSCompatible bool
 }

 func NewClientWithOptions(options ClientOptions) (Config, error) {
@@ -65,22 +61,17 @@ func NewClientWithOptions(options ClientOptions) (Config, error) {
 	if options.Options.KernelRx {
 		options.Logger.Warn("enabling kTLS RX will definitely reduce performance, please checkout https://sing-box.sagernet.org/configuration/shared/tls/#kernel_rx")
 	}
-	switch options.Options.Engine {
-	case C.TLSEngineDefault, "go":
-	case C.TLSEngineApple:
-		return newAppleClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options, options.AllowEmptyServerName)
-	default:
-		return nil, E.New("unknown tls engine: ", options.Options.Engine)
-	}
 	if options.Options.Reality != nil && options.Options.Reality.Enabled {
-		return newRealityClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options, options.AllowEmptyServerName)
+		return NewRealityClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options)
 	} else if options.Options.UTLS != nil && options.Options.UTLS.Enabled {
-		return newUTLSClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options, options.AllowEmptyServerName)
+		return NewUTLSClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options)
 	}
-	return newSTDClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options, options.AllowEmptyServerName)
+	return NewSTDClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options)
 }

 func ClientHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, config Config) (Conn, error) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, C.TCPTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
 	tlsConn, err := aTLS.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, config)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
--- a/common/tls/ech.go
+++ b/common/tls/ech.go
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ import (

 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/deprecated"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
@@ -37,7 +38,7 @@ func parseECHClientConfig(ctx context.Context, clientConfig ECHCapableConfig, op
 	}
 	//nolint:staticcheck
 	if options.ECH.PQSignatureSchemesEnabled || options.ECH.DynamicRecordSizingDisabled {
-		return nil, E.New("legacy ECH options are deprecated in sing-box 1.12.0 and removed in sing-box 1.13.0")
+		deprecated.Report(ctx, deprecated.OptionLegacyECHOptions)
 	}
 	if len(echConfig) > 0 {
 		block, rest := pem.Decode(echConfig)
@@ -76,7 +77,7 @@ func parseECHServerConfig(ctx context.Context, options option.InboundTLSOptions,
 	tlsConfig.EncryptedClientHelloKeys = echKeys
 	//nolint:staticcheck
 	if options.ECH.PQSignatureSchemesEnabled || options.ECH.DynamicRecordSizingDisabled {
-		return E.New("legacy ECH options are deprecated in sing-box 1.12.0 and removed in sing-box 1.13.0")
+		deprecated.Report(ctx, deprecated.OptionLegacyECHOptions)
 	}
 	return nil
 }
--- a/common/tls/reality_client.go
+++ b/common/tls/reality_client.go
@@ -52,15 +52,11 @@ type RealityClientConfig struct {
 }

 func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
-	return newRealityClient(ctx, logger, serverAddress, options, false)
-}
-
-func newRealityClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions, allowEmptyServerName bool) (Config, error) {
 	if options.UTLS == nil || !options.UTLS.Enabled {
 		return nil, E.New("uTLS is required by reality client")
 	}

-	uClient, err := newUTLSClient(ctx, logger, serverAddress, options, allowEmptyServerName)
+	uClient, err := NewUTLSClient(ctx, logger, serverAddress, options)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -112,14 +108,6 @@ func (e *RealityClientConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	e.uClient.SetNextProtos(nextProto)
 }

-func (e *RealityClientConfig) HandshakeTimeout() time.Duration {
-	return e.uClient.HandshakeTimeout()
-}
-
-func (e *RealityClientConfig) SetHandshakeTimeout(timeout time.Duration) {
-	e.uClient.SetHandshakeTimeout(timeout)
-}
-
 func (e *RealityClientConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return nil, E.New("unsupported usage for reality")
 }
--- a/common/tls/reality_server.go
+++ b/common/tls/reality_server.go
@@ -26,17 +26,12 @@ import (
 var _ ServerConfigCompat = (*RealityServerConfig)(nil)

 type RealityServerConfig struct {
-	config           *utls.RealityConfig
-	handshakeTimeout time.Duration
+	config *utls.RealityConfig
 }

 func NewRealityServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
 	var tlsConfig utls.RealityConfig

-	if options.CertificateProvider != nil {
-		return nil, E.New("certificate_provider is unavailable in reality")
-	}
-	//nolint:staticcheck
 	if options.ACME != nil && len(options.ACME.Domain) > 0 {
 		return nil, E.New("acme is unavailable in reality")
 	}
@@ -131,16 +126,7 @@ func NewRealityServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options opt
 	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
 		return nil, E.New("Reality is conflict with ECH")
 	}
-	var handshakeTimeout time.Duration
-	if options.HandshakeTimeout > 0 {
-		handshakeTimeout = options.HandshakeTimeout.Build()
-	} else {
-		handshakeTimeout = C.TCPTimeout
-	}
-	var config ServerConfig = &RealityServerConfig{
-		config:           &tlsConfig,
-		handshakeTimeout: handshakeTimeout,
-	}
+	var config ServerConfig = &RealityServerConfig{&tlsConfig}
 	if options.KernelTx || options.KernelRx {
 		if !C.IsLinux {
 			return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
@@ -171,14 +157,6 @@ func (c *RealityServerConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config.NextProtos = nextProto
 }

-func (c *RealityServerConfig) HandshakeTimeout() time.Duration {
-	return c.handshakeTimeout
-}
-
-func (c *RealityServerConfig) SetHandshakeTimeout(timeout time.Duration) {
-	c.handshakeTimeout = timeout
-}
-
 func (c *RealityServerConfig) STDConfig() (*tls.Config, error) {
 	return nil, E.New("unsupported usage for reality")
 }
@@ -209,8 +187,7 @@ func (c *RealityServerConfig) ServerHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn

 func (c *RealityServerConfig) Clone() Config {
 	return &RealityServerConfig{
-		config:           c.config.Clone(),
-		handshakeTimeout: c.handshakeTimeout,
+		config: c.config.Clone(),
 	}
 }

--- a/common/tls/server.go
+++ b/common/tls/server.go
@@ -46,11 +46,8 @@ func NewServerWithOptions(options ServerOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
 }

 func ServerHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, config ServerConfig) (Conn, error) {
-	if config.HandshakeTimeout() == 0 {
-		var cancel context.CancelFunc
-		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, C.TCPTimeout)
-		defer cancel()
-	}
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, C.TCPTimeout)
+	defer cancel()
 	tlsConn, err := aTLS.ServerHandshake(ctx, conn, config)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
--- a/common/tls/std_client.go
+++ b/common/tls/std_client.go
@@ -24,30 +24,16 @@ import (
 type STDClientConfig struct {
 	ctx                   context.Context
 	config                *tls.Config
-	serverName            string
-	disableSNI            bool
-	verifyServerName      bool
-	handshakeTimeout      time.Duration
 	fragment              bool
 	fragmentFallbackDelay time.Duration
 	recordFragment        bool
 }

 func (c *STDClientConfig) ServerName() string {
-	return c.serverName
+	return c.config.ServerName
 }

 func (c *STDClientConfig) SetServerName(serverName string) {
-	c.serverName = serverName
-	if c.disableSNI {
-		c.config.ServerName = ""
-		if c.verifyServerName {
-			c.config.VerifyConnection = verifyConnection(c.config.RootCAs, c.config.Time, serverName)
-		} else {
-			c.config.VerifyConnection = nil
-		}
-		return
-	}
 	c.config.ServerName = serverName
 }

@@ -59,14 +45,6 @@ func (c *STDClientConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config.NextProtos = nextProto
 }

-func (c *STDClientConfig) HandshakeTimeout() time.Duration {
-	return c.handshakeTimeout
-}
-
-func (c *STDClientConfig) SetHandshakeTimeout(timeout time.Duration) {
-	c.handshakeTimeout = timeout
-}
-
 func (c *STDClientConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return c.config, nil
 }
@@ -79,19 +57,13 @@ func (c *STDClientConfig) Client(conn net.Conn) (Conn, error) {
 }

 func (c *STDClientConfig) Clone() Config {
-	cloned := &STDClientConfig{
+	return &STDClientConfig{
 		ctx:                   c.ctx,
 		config:                c.config.Clone(),
-		serverName:            c.serverName,
-		disableSNI:            c.disableSNI,
-		verifyServerName:      c.verifyServerName,
-		handshakeTimeout:      c.handshakeTimeout,
 		fragment:              c.fragment,
 		fragmentFallbackDelay: c.fragmentFallbackDelay,
 		recordFragment:        c.recordFragment,
 	}
-	cloned.SetServerName(cloned.serverName)
-	return cloned
 }

 func (c *STDClientConfig) ECHConfigList() []byte {
@@ -103,27 +75,41 @@ func (c *STDClientConfig) SetECHConfigList(EncryptedClientHelloConfigList []byte
 }

 func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
-	return newSTDClient(ctx, logger, serverAddress, options, false)
-}
-
-func newSTDClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions, allowEmptyServerName bool) (Config, error) {
 	var serverName string
 	if options.ServerName != "" {
 		serverName = options.ServerName
 	} else if serverAddress != "" {
 		serverName = serverAddress
 	}
-	if serverName == "" && !options.Insecure && !allowEmptyServerName {
-		return nil, errMissingServerName
+	if serverName == "" && !options.Insecure {
+		return nil, E.New("missing server_name or insecure=true")
 	}

 	var tlsConfig tls.Config
 	tlsConfig.Time = ntp.TimeFuncFromContext(ctx)
 	tlsConfig.RootCAs = adapter.RootPoolFromContext(ctx)
+	if !options.DisableSNI {
+		tlsConfig.ServerName = serverName
+	}
 	if options.Insecure {
 		tlsConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = options.Insecure
 	} else if options.DisableSNI {
 		tlsConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = true
+		tlsConfig.VerifyConnection = func(state tls.ConnectionState) error {
+			verifyOptions := x509.VerifyOptions{
+				Roots:         tlsConfig.RootCAs,
+				DNSName:       serverName,
+				Intermediates: x509.NewCertPool(),
+			}
+			for _, cert := range state.PeerCertificates[1:] {
+				verifyOptions.Intermediates.AddCert(cert)
+			}
+			if tlsConfig.Time != nil {
+				verifyOptions.CurrentTime = tlsConfig.Time()
+			}
+			_, err := state.PeerCertificates[0].Verify(verifyOptions)
+			return err
+		}
 	}
 	if len(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256) > 0 {
 		if len(options.Certificate) > 0 || options.CertificatePath != "" {
@@ -131,7 +117,7 @@ func newSTDClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddres
 		}
 		tlsConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = true
 		tlsConfig.VerifyPeerCertificate = func(rawCerts [][]byte, verifiedChains [][]*x509.Certificate) error {
-			return VerifyPublicKeySHA256(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256, rawCerts)
+			return verifyPublicKeySHA256(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256, rawCerts, tlsConfig.Time)
 		}
 	}
 	if len(options.ALPN) > 0 {
@@ -212,24 +198,7 @@ func newSTDClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddres
 	} else if len(clientCertificate) > 0 || len(clientKey) > 0 {
 		return nil, E.New("client certificate and client key must be provided together")
 	}
-	var handshakeTimeout time.Duration
-	if options.HandshakeTimeout > 0 {
-		handshakeTimeout = options.HandshakeTimeout.Build()
-	} else {
-		handshakeTimeout = C.TCPTimeout
-	}
-	var config Config = &STDClientConfig{
-		ctx:                   ctx,
-		config:                &tlsConfig,
-		serverName:            serverName,
-		disableSNI:            options.DisableSNI,
-		verifyServerName:      options.DisableSNI && !options.Insecure,
-		handshakeTimeout:      handshakeTimeout,
-		fragment:              options.Fragment,
-		fragmentFallbackDelay: time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay),
-		recordFragment:        options.RecordFragment,
-	}
-	config.SetServerName(serverName)
+	var config Config = &STDClientConfig{ctx, &tlsConfig, options.Fragment, time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay), options.RecordFragment}
 	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
 		var err error
 		config, err = parseECHClientConfig(ctx, config.(ECHCapableConfig), options)
@@ -251,28 +220,7 @@ func newSTDClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddres
 	return config, nil
 }

-func verifyConnection(rootCAs *x509.CertPool, timeFunc func() time.Time, serverName string) func(state tls.ConnectionState) error {
-	return func(state tls.ConnectionState) error {
-		if serverName == "" {
-			return errMissingServerName
-		}
-		verifyOptions := x509.VerifyOptions{
-			Roots:         rootCAs,
-			DNSName:       serverName,
-			Intermediates: x509.NewCertPool(),
-		}
-		for _, cert := range state.PeerCertificates[1:] {
-			verifyOptions.Intermediates.AddCert(cert)
-		}
-		if timeFunc != nil {
-			verifyOptions.CurrentTime = timeFunc()
-		}
-		_, err := state.PeerCertificates[0].Verify(verifyOptions)
-		return err
-	}
-}
-
-func VerifyPublicKeySHA256(knownHashValues [][]byte, rawCerts [][]byte) error {
+func verifyPublicKeySHA256(knownHashValues [][]byte, rawCerts [][]byte, timeFunc func() time.Time) error {
 	leafCertificate, err := x509.ParseCertificate(rawCerts[0])
 	if err != nil {
 		return E.Cause(err, "failed to parse leaf certificate")
--- a/common/tls/std_server.go
+++ b/common/tls/std_server.go
@@ -13,88 +13,19 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/fswatch"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/deprecated"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
 )

 var errInsecureUnused = E.New("tls: insecure unused")

-type managedCertificateProvider interface {
-	adapter.CertificateProvider
-	adapter.SimpleLifecycle
-}
-
-type sharedCertificateProvider struct {
-	tag      string
-	manager  adapter.CertificateProviderManager
-	provider adapter.CertificateProviderService
-}
-
-func (p *sharedCertificateProvider) Start() error {
-	provider, found := p.manager.Get(p.tag)
-	if !found {
-		return E.New("certificate provider not found: ", p.tag)
-	}
-	p.provider = provider
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (p *sharedCertificateProvider) Close() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (p *sharedCertificateProvider) GetCertificate(hello *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
-	return p.provider.GetCertificate(hello)
-}
-
-func (p *sharedCertificateProvider) GetACMENextProtos() []string {
-	return getACMENextProtos(p.provider)
-}
-
-type inlineCertificateProvider struct {
-	provider adapter.CertificateProviderService
-}
-
-func (p *inlineCertificateProvider) Start() error {
-	for _, stage := range adapter.ListStartStages {
-		err := adapter.LegacyStart(p.provider, stage)
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (p *inlineCertificateProvider) Close() error {
-	return p.provider.Close()
-}
-
-func (p *inlineCertificateProvider) GetCertificate(hello *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
-	return p.provider.GetCertificate(hello)
-}
-
-func (p *inlineCertificateProvider) GetACMENextProtos() []string {
-	return getACMENextProtos(p.provider)
-}
-
-func getACMENextProtos(provider adapter.CertificateProvider) []string {
-	if acmeProvider, isACME := provider.(adapter.ACMECertificateProvider); isACME {
-		return acmeProvider.GetACMENextProtos()
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
 type STDServerConfig struct {
 	access                sync.RWMutex
 	config                *tls.Config
-	handshakeTimeout      time.Duration
 	logger                log.Logger
-	certificateProvider   managedCertificateProvider
 	acmeService           adapter.SimpleLifecycle
 	certificate           []byte
 	key                   []byte
@@ -122,17 +53,18 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) SetServerName(serverName string) {
 func (c *STDServerConfig) NextProtos() []string {
 	c.access.RLock()
 	defer c.access.RUnlock()
-	if c.hasACMEALPN() && len(c.config.NextProtos) > 1 && c.config.NextProtos[0] == C.ACMETLS1Protocol {
+	if c.acmeService != nil && len(c.config.NextProtos) > 1 && c.config.NextProtos[0] == ACMETLS1Protocol {
 		return c.config.NextProtos[1:]
+	} else {
+		return c.config.NextProtos
 	}
-	return c.config.NextProtos
 }

 func (c *STDServerConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.access.Lock()
 	defer c.access.Unlock()
 	config := c.config.Clone()
-	if c.hasACMEALPN() && len(c.config.NextProtos) > 1 && c.config.NextProtos[0] == C.ACMETLS1Protocol {
+	if c.acmeService != nil && len(c.config.NextProtos) > 1 && c.config.NextProtos[0] == ACMETLS1Protocol {
 		config.NextProtos = append(c.config.NextProtos[:1], nextProto...)
 	} else {
 		config.NextProtos = nextProto
@@ -140,30 +72,6 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config = config
 }

-func (c *STDServerConfig) HandshakeTimeout() time.Duration {
-	c.access.RLock()
-	defer c.access.RUnlock()
-	return c.handshakeTimeout
-}
-
-func (c *STDServerConfig) SetHandshakeTimeout(timeout time.Duration) {
-	c.access.Lock()
-	defer c.access.Unlock()
-	c.handshakeTimeout = timeout
-}
-
-func (c *STDServerConfig) hasACMEALPN() bool {
-	if c.acmeService != nil {
-		return true
-	}
-	if c.certificateProvider != nil {
-		if acmeProvider, isACME := c.certificateProvider.(adapter.ACMECertificateProvider); isACME {
-			return len(acmeProvider.GetACMENextProtos()) > 0
-		}
-	}
-	return false
-}
-
 func (c *STDServerConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return c.config, nil
 }
@@ -178,45 +86,20 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) Server(conn net.Conn) (Conn, error) {

 func (c *STDServerConfig) Clone() Config {
 	return &STDServerConfig{
-		config:           c.config.Clone(),
-		handshakeTimeout: c.handshakeTimeout,
+		config: c.config.Clone(),
 	}
 }

 func (c *STDServerConfig) Start() error {
-	if c.certificateProvider != nil {
-		err := c.certificateProvider.Start()
-		if err != nil {
-			return err
-		}
-		if acmeProvider, isACME := c.certificateProvider.(adapter.ACMECertificateProvider); isACME {
-			nextProtos := acmeProvider.GetACMENextProtos()
-			if len(nextProtos) > 0 {
-				c.access.Lock()
-				config := c.config.Clone()
-				mergedNextProtos := append([]string{}, nextProtos...)
-				for _, nextProto := range config.NextProtos {
-					if !common.Contains(mergedNextProtos, nextProto) {
-						mergedNextProtos = append(mergedNextProtos, nextProto)
-					}
-				}
-				config.NextProtos = mergedNextProtos
-				c.config = config
-				c.access.Unlock()
-			}
-		}
-	}
 	if c.acmeService != nil {
-		err := c.acmeService.Start()
+		return c.acmeService.Start()
+	} else {
+		err := c.startWatcher()
 		if err != nil {
-			return err
+			c.logger.Warn("create fsnotify watcher: ", err)
 		}
+		return nil
 	}
-	err := c.startWatcher()
-	if err != nil {
-		c.logger.Warn("create fsnotify watcher: ", err)
-	}
-	return nil
 }

 func (c *STDServerConfig) startWatcher() error {
@@ -320,34 +203,23 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) certificateUpdated(path string) error {
 }

 func (c *STDServerConfig) Close() error {
-	return common.Close(c.certificateProvider, c.acmeService, c.watcher)
+	if c.acmeService != nil {
+		return c.acmeService.Close()
+	}
+	if c.watcher != nil {
+		return c.watcher.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
 }

 func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
 	if !options.Enabled {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	//nolint:staticcheck
-	if options.CertificateProvider != nil && options.ACME != nil {
-		return nil, E.New("certificate_provider and acme are mutually exclusive")
-	}
 	var tlsConfig *tls.Config
-	var certificateProvider managedCertificateProvider
 	var acmeService adapter.SimpleLifecycle
 	var err error
-	if options.CertificateProvider != nil {
-		certificateProvider, err = newCertificateProvider(ctx, logger, options.CertificateProvider)
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		tlsConfig = &tls.Config{
-			GetCertificate: certificateProvider.GetCertificate,
-		}
-		if options.Insecure {
-			return nil, errInsecureUnused
-		}
-	} else if options.ACME != nil && len(options.ACME.Domain) > 0 { //nolint:staticcheck
-		deprecated.Report(ctx, deprecated.OptionInlineACME)
+	if options.ACME != nil && len(options.ACME.Domain) > 0 {
 		//nolint:staticcheck
 		tlsConfig, acmeService, err = startACME(ctx, logger, common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.ACME))
 		if err != nil {
@@ -400,7 +272,7 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.
 		certificate []byte
 		key         []byte
 	)
-	if certificateProvider == nil && acmeService == nil {
+	if acmeService == nil {
 		if len(options.Certificate) > 0 {
 			certificate = []byte(strings.Join(options.Certificate, "\n"))
 		} else if options.CertificatePath != "" {
@@ -472,7 +344,7 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.
 				tlsConfig.ClientAuth = tls.RequestClientCert
 			}
 			tlsConfig.VerifyPeerCertificate = func(rawCerts [][]byte, verifiedChains [][]*x509.Certificate) error {
-				return VerifyPublicKeySHA256(options.ClientCertificatePublicKeySHA256, rawCerts)
+				return verifyPublicKeySHA256(options.ClientCertificatePublicKeySHA256, rawCerts, tlsConfig.Time)
 			}
 		} else {
 			return nil, E.New("missing client_certificate, client_certificate_path or client_certificate_public_key_sha256 for client authentication")
@@ -485,17 +357,9 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
-	var handshakeTimeout time.Duration
-	if options.HandshakeTimeout > 0 {
-		handshakeTimeout = options.HandshakeTimeout.Build()
-	} else {
-		handshakeTimeout = C.TCPTimeout
-	}
 	serverConfig := &STDServerConfig{
 		config:                tlsConfig,
-		handshakeTimeout:      handshakeTimeout,
 		logger:                logger,
-		certificateProvider:   certificateProvider,
 		acmeService:           acmeService,
 		certificate:           certificate,
 		key:                   key,
@@ -505,8 +369,8 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.
 		echKeyPath:            echKeyPath,
 	}
 	serverConfig.config.GetConfigForClient = func(info *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Config, error) {
-		serverConfig.access.RLock()
-		defer serverConfig.access.RUnlock()
+		serverConfig.access.Lock()
+		defer serverConfig.access.Unlock()
 		return serverConfig.config, nil
 	}
 	var config ServerConfig = serverConfig
@@ -523,27 +387,3 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.
 	}
 	return config, nil
 }
-
-func newCertificateProvider(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options *option.CertificateProviderOptions) (managedCertificateProvider, error) {
-	if options.IsShared() {
-		manager := service.FromContext[adapter.CertificateProviderManager](ctx)
-		if manager == nil {
-			return nil, E.New("missing certificate provider manager in context")
-		}
-		return &sharedCertificateProvider{
-			tag:     options.Tag,
-			manager: manager,
-		}, nil
-	}
-	registry := service.FromContext[adapter.CertificateProviderRegistry](ctx)
-	if registry == nil {
-		return nil, E.New("missing certificate provider registry in context")
-	}
-	provider, err := registry.Create(ctx, logger, "", options.Type, options.Options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "create inline certificate provider")
-	}
-	return &inlineCertificateProvider{
-		provider: provider,
-	}, nil
-}
--- a/common/tls/utls_client.go
+++ b/common/tls/utls_client.go
@@ -28,10 +28,6 @@ import (
 type UTLSClientConfig struct {
 	ctx                   context.Context
 	config                *utls.Config
-	serverName            string
-	disableSNI            bool
-	verifyServerName      bool
-	handshakeTimeout      time.Duration
 	id                    utls.ClientHelloID
 	fragment              bool
 	fragmentFallbackDelay time.Duration
@@ -39,20 +35,10 @@ type UTLSClientConfig struct {
 }

 func (c *UTLSClientConfig) ServerName() string {
-	return c.serverName
+	return c.config.ServerName
 }

 func (c *UTLSClientConfig) SetServerName(serverName string) {
-	c.serverName = serverName
-	if c.disableSNI {
-		c.config.ServerName = ""
-		if c.verifyServerName {
-			c.config.InsecureServerNameToVerify = serverName
-		} else {
-			c.config.InsecureServerNameToVerify = ""
-		}
-		return
-	}
 	c.config.ServerName = serverName
 }

@@ -67,14 +53,6 @@ func (c *UTLSClientConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config.NextProtos = nextProto
 }

-func (c *UTLSClientConfig) HandshakeTimeout() time.Duration {
-	return c.handshakeTimeout
-}
-
-func (c *UTLSClientConfig) SetHandshakeTimeout(timeout time.Duration) {
-	c.handshakeTimeout = timeout
-}
-
 func (c *UTLSClientConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return nil, E.New("unsupported usage for uTLS")
 }
@@ -91,20 +69,9 @@ func (c *UTLSClientConfig) SetSessionIDGenerator(generator func(clientHello []by
 }

 func (c *UTLSClientConfig) Clone() Config {
-	cloned := &UTLSClientConfig{
-		ctx:                   c.ctx,
-		config:                c.config.Clone(),
-		serverName:            c.serverName,
-		disableSNI:            c.disableSNI,
-		verifyServerName:      c.verifyServerName,
-		handshakeTimeout:      c.handshakeTimeout,
-		id:                    c.id,
-		fragment:              c.fragment,
-		fragmentFallbackDelay: c.fragmentFallbackDelay,
-		recordFragment:        c.recordFragment,
+	return &UTLSClientConfig{
+		c.ctx, c.config.Clone(), c.id, c.fragment, c.fragmentFallbackDelay, c.recordFragment,
 	}
-	cloned.SetServerName(cloned.serverName)
-	return cloned
 }

 func (c *UTLSClientConfig) ECHConfigList() []byte {
@@ -176,29 +143,29 @@ func (c *utlsALPNWrapper) HandshakeContext(ctx context.Context) error {
 }

 func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
-	return newUTLSClient(ctx, logger, serverAddress, options, false)
-}
-
-func newUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions, allowEmptyServerName bool) (Config, error) {
 	var serverName string
 	if options.ServerName != "" {
 		serverName = options.ServerName
 	} else if serverAddress != "" {
 		serverName = serverAddress
 	}
-	if serverName == "" && !options.Insecure && !allowEmptyServerName {
-		return nil, errMissingServerName
+	if serverName == "" && !options.Insecure {
+		return nil, E.New("missing server_name or insecure=true")
 	}

 	var tlsConfig utls.Config
 	tlsConfig.Time = ntp.TimeFuncFromContext(ctx)
 	tlsConfig.RootCAs = adapter.RootPoolFromContext(ctx)
+	if !options.DisableSNI {
+		tlsConfig.ServerName = serverName
+	}
 	if options.Insecure {
 		tlsConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = options.Insecure
 	} else if options.DisableSNI {
 		if options.Reality != nil && options.Reality.Enabled {
 			return nil, E.New("disable_sni is unsupported in reality")
 		}
+		tlsConfig.InsecureServerNameToVerify = serverName
 	}
 	if len(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256) > 0 {
 		if len(options.Certificate) > 0 || options.CertificatePath != "" {
@@ -206,7 +173,7 @@ func newUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddre
 		}
 		tlsConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = true
 		tlsConfig.VerifyPeerCertificate = func(rawCerts [][]byte, verifiedChains [][]*x509.Certificate) error {
-			return VerifyPublicKeySHA256(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256, rawCerts)
+			return verifyPublicKeySHA256(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256, rawCerts, tlsConfig.Time)
 		}
 	}
 	if len(options.ALPN) > 0 {
@@ -284,29 +251,11 @@ func newUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddre
 	} else if len(clientCertificate) > 0 || len(clientKey) > 0 {
 		return nil, E.New("client certificate and client key must be provided together")
 	}
-	var handshakeTimeout time.Duration
-	if options.HandshakeTimeout > 0 {
-		handshakeTimeout = options.HandshakeTimeout.Build()
-	} else {
-		handshakeTimeout = C.TCPTimeout
-	}
 	id, err := uTLSClientHelloID(options.UTLS.Fingerprint)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	var config Config = &UTLSClientConfig{
-		ctx:                   ctx,
-		config:                &tlsConfig,
-		serverName:            serverName,
-		disableSNI:            options.DisableSNI,
-		verifyServerName:      options.DisableSNI && !options.Insecure,
-		handshakeTimeout:      handshakeTimeout,
-		id:                    id,
-		fragment:              options.Fragment,
-		fragmentFallbackDelay: time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay),
-		recordFragment:        options.RecordFragment,
-	}
-	config.SetServerName(serverName)
+	var config Config = &UTLSClientConfig{ctx, &tlsConfig, id, options.Fragment, time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay), options.RecordFragment}
 	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
 		if options.Reality != nil && options.Reality.Enabled {
 			return nil, E.New("Reality is conflict with ECH")
--- a/common/tls/utls_stub.go
+++ b/common/tls/utls_stub.go
@@ -12,18 +12,10 @@ import (
 )

 func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
-	return newUTLSClient(ctx, logger, serverAddress, options, false)
-}
-
-func newUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions, allowEmptyServerName bool) (Config, error) {
 	return nil, E.New(`uTLS is not included in this build, rebuild with -tags with_utls`)
 }

 func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
-	return newRealityClient(ctx, logger, serverAddress, options, false)
-}
-
-func newRealityClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions, allowEmptyServerName bool) (Config, error) {
 	return nil, E.New(`uTLS, which is required by reality is not included in this build, rebuild with -tags with_utls`)
 }

--- a/constant/dns.go
+++ b/constant/dns.go
@@ -15,18 +15,19 @@ const (
 )

 const (
-	DNSTypeLegacy    = "legacy"
-	DNSTypeUDP       = "udp"
-	DNSTypeTCP       = "tcp"
-	DNSTypeTLS       = "tls"
-	DNSTypeHTTPS     = "https"
-	DNSTypeQUIC      = "quic"
-	DNSTypeHTTP3     = "h3"
-	DNSTypeLocal     = "local"
-	DNSTypeHosts     = "hosts"
-	DNSTypeFakeIP    = "fakeip"
-	DNSTypeDHCP      = "dhcp"
-	DNSTypeTailscale = "tailscale"
+	DNSTypeLegacy      = "legacy"
+	DNSTypeLegacyRcode = "legacy_rcode"
+	DNSTypeUDP         = "udp"
+	DNSTypeTCP         = "tcp"
+	DNSTypeTLS         = "tls"
+	DNSTypeHTTPS       = "https"
+	DNSTypeQUIC        = "quic"
+	DNSTypeHTTP3       = "h3"
+	DNSTypeLocal       = "local"
+	DNSTypeHosts       = "hosts"
+	DNSTypeFakeIP      = "fakeip"
+	DNSTypeDHCP        = "dhcp"
+	DNSTypeTailscale   = "tailscale"
 )

 const (
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More