documentation: Bump version

Reference: https://gitlab.com/go-extension/tls

.fpm_pacman

@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
--s dir
---name sing-box
---category net
---license GPL-3.0-or-later
---description "The universal proxy platform."
---url "https://sing-box.sagernet.org/"
---maintainer "nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>"
---config-files etc/sing-box/config.json
---after-install release/config/sing-box.postinst
-
-release/config/config.json=/etc/sing-box/config.json
-
-release/config/sing-box.service=/usr/lib/systemd/system/sing-box.service
-release/config/sing-box@.service=/usr/lib/systemd/system/sing-box@.service
-release/config/sing-box.sysusers=/usr/lib/sysusers.d/sing-box.conf
-release/config/sing-box.rules=usr/share/polkit-1/rules.d/sing-box.rules
-release/config/sing-box-split-dns.xml=/usr/share/dbus-1/system.d/sing-box-split-dns.conf
-
-release/completions/sing-box.bash=/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/sing-box.bash
-release/completions/sing-box.fish=/usr/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/sing-box.fish
-release/completions/sing-box.zsh=/usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_sing-box
-
-LICENSE=/usr/share/licenses/sing-box/LICENSE

.github/detect_track.sh

@@ -1,33 +0,0 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env bash
-set -euo pipefail
-
-branches=$(git branch -r --contains HEAD)
-if echo "$branches" | grep -q 'origin/stable'; then
-  track=stable
-elif echo "$branches" | grep -q 'origin/testing'; then
-  track=testing
-elif echo "$branches" | grep -q 'origin/oldstable'; then
-  track=oldstable
-else
-  echo "ERROR: HEAD is not on any known release branch (stable/testing/oldstable)" >&2
-  exit 1
-fi
-
-if [[ "$track" == "stable" ]]; then
-  tag=$(git describe --tags --exact-match HEAD 2>/dev/null || true)
-  if [[ -n "$tag" && "$tag" == *"-"* ]]; then
-    track=beta
-  fi
-fi
-
-case "$track" in
-  stable)    name=sing-box;           docker_tag=latest ;;
-  beta)      name=sing-box-beta;      docker_tag=latest-beta ;;
-  testing)   name=sing-box-testing;   docker_tag=latest-testing ;;
-  oldstable) name=sing-box-oldstable; docker_tag=latest-oldstable ;;
-esac
-
-echo "track=${track} name=${name} docker_tag=${docker_tag}" >&2
-echo "TRACK=${track}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-echo "NAME=${name}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-echo "DOCKER_TAG=${docker_tag}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"

.github/setup_go_for_windows7.sh

@@ -1,35 +1,16 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
-set -euo pipefail
+VERSION="1.25.1"
 
-VERSION="1.25.8"
-PATCH_COMMITS=(
-  "466f6c7a29bc098b0d4c987b803c779222894a11"
-  "1bdabae205052afe1dadb2ad6f1ba612cdbc532a"
-  "a90777dcf692dd2168577853ba743b4338721b06"
-  "f6bddda4e8ff58a957462a1a09562924d5f3d05c"
-  "bed309eff415bcb3c77dd4bc3277b682b89a388d"
-  "34b899c2fb39b092db4fa67c4417e41dc046be4b"
-)
-CURL_ARGS=(
-  -fL
-  --silent
-  --show-error
-)
-
-if [[ -n "${GITHUB_TOKEN:-}" ]]; then
-  CURL_ARGS+=(-H "Authorization: Bearer ${GITHUB_TOKEN}")
-fi
-
-mkdir -p "$HOME/go"
-cd "$HOME/go"
+mkdir -p $HOME/go
+cd $HOME/go
 wget "https://dl.google.com/go/go${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
 tar -xzf "go${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
 mv go go_win7
 cd go_win7
 
 # modify from https://github.com/restic/restic/issues/4636#issuecomment-1896455557
-# these patch URLs only work on golang1.25.x
+# this patch file only works on golang1.25.x
 # that means after golang1.26 release it must be changed
 # see: https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commits/release-branch.go1.25/
 # revert:
@@ -37,10 +18,10 @@ cd go_win7
 # 7c1157f9544922e96945196b47b95664b1e39108: "net: remove sysSocket fallback for Windows 7"
 # 48042aa09c2f878c4faa576948b07fe625c4707a: "syscall: remove Windows 7 console handle workaround"
 # a17d959debdb04cd550016a3501dd09d50cd62e7: "runtime: always use LoadLibraryEx to load system libraries"
-# fixes:
-# bed309eff415bcb3c77dd4bc3277b682b89a388d: "Fix os.RemoveAll not working on Windows7"
-# 34b899c2fb39b092db4fa67c4417e41dc046be4b: "Revert \"os: remove 5ms sleep on Windows in (*Process).Wait\""
 
-for patch_commit in "${PATCH_COMMITS[@]}"; do
-  curl "${CURL_ARGS[@]}" "https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/${patch_commit}.diff" | patch --verbose -p 1
-done
+alias curl='curl -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"'
+
+curl https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/8cb5472d94c34b88733a81091bd328e70ee565a4.diff | patch --verbose -p 1
+curl https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/6788c4c6f9fafb56729bad6b660f7ee2272d699f.diff | patch --verbose -p 1
+curl https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/a5b2168bb836ed9d6601c626f95e56c07923f906.diff | patch --verbose -p 1
+curl https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/f56f1e23507e646c85243a71bde7b9629b2f970c.diff | patch --verbose -p 1

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -25,7 +25,8 @@ on:
           - publish-android
   push:
     branches:
-      - oldstable
+      - main-next
+      - dev-next
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.event_name }}-${{ inputs.build }}
@@ -45,7 +46,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ~1.25.8
+          go-version: ^1.25.1
       - name: Check input version
         if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
         run: |-
@@ -106,15 +107,15 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup Go
-        if: ${{ ! (matrix.legacy_win7 || matrix.legacy_go124) }}
+        if: ${{ ! (matrix.legacy_go123 || matrix.legacy_go124) }}
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ~1.25.8
+          go-version: ^1.25.1
       - name: Setup Go 1.24
         if: matrix.legacy_go124
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ~1.24.10
+          go-version: ~1.24.6
       - name: Cache Go for Windows 7
         if: matrix.legacy_win7
         id: cache-go-for-windows7
@@ -122,7 +123,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: |
             ~/go/go_win7
-          key: go_win7_1255
+          key: go_win7_1251
       - name: Setup Go for Windows 7
         if: matrix.legacy_win7 && steps.cache-go-for-windows7.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         run: |-
@@ -153,7 +154,7 @@ jobs:
           set -xeuo pipefail
           mkdir -p dist
           go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' \
+          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -checklinkname=0' \
           ./cmd/sing-box
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: "0"
@@ -173,7 +174,7 @@ jobs:
           export CXX="${CC}++"
           mkdir -p dist
           GOOS=$BUILD_GOOS GOARCH=$BUILD_GOARCH build go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' \
+          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -checklinkname=0' \
           ./cmd/sing-box
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: "1"
@@ -242,7 +243,7 @@ jobs:
           sudo gem install fpm
           sudo apt-get update
           sudo apt-get install -y libarchive-tools
-          cp .fpm_pacman .fpm
+          cp .fpm_systemd .fpm
           fpm -t pacman \
             -v "$PKG_VERSION" \
             -p "dist/sing-box_${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}_${{ matrix.os }}_${{ matrix.pacman }}.pkg.tar.zst" \
@@ -286,7 +287,7 @@ jobs:
           path: "dist"
   build_android:
     name: Build Android
-    if: (github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Android') && github.ref != 'refs/heads/oldstable'
+    if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Android'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs:
       - calculate_version
@@ -299,7 +300,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ~1.25.8
+          go-version: ^1.25.1
       - name: Setup Android NDK
         id: setup-ndk
         uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
@@ -322,12 +323,12 @@ jobs:
           JAVA_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64
           ANDROID_NDK_HOME: ${{ steps.setup-ndk.outputs.ndk-path }}
       - name: Checkout main branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/stable' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main-next' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
         run: |-
           cd clients/android
           git checkout main
       - name: Checkout dev branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/testing'
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev-next'
         run: |-
           cd clients/android
           git checkout dev
@@ -366,7 +367,7 @@ jobs:
           path: 'dist'
   publish_android:
     name: Publish Android
-    if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.build == 'publish-android' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/oldstable'
+    if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.build == 'publish-android'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs:
       - calculate_version
@@ -379,7 +380,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ~1.25.8
+          go-version: ^1.25.1
       - name: Setup Android NDK
         id: setup-ndk
         uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
@@ -402,12 +403,12 @@ jobs:
           JAVA_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64
           ANDROID_NDK_HOME: ${{ steps.setup-ndk.outputs.ndk-path }}
       - name: Checkout main branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/stable' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main-next' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
         run: |-
           cd clients/android
           git checkout main
       - name: Checkout dev branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/testing'
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev-next'
         run: |-
           cd clients/android
           git checkout dev
@@ -478,7 +479,7 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.if
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ~1.25.8
+          go-version: ^1.25.1
       - name: Set tag
         if: matrix.if
         run: |-
@@ -486,12 +487,12 @@ jobs:
           git tag v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -f
           echo "VERSION=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
       - name: Checkout main branch
-        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/stable' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
+        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main-next' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
         run: |-
           cd clients/apple
           git checkout main
       - name: Checkout dev branch
-        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/testing'
+        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev-next'
         run: |-
           cd clients/apple
           git checkout dev
@@ -577,7 +578,7 @@ jobs:
             -authenticationKeyID $ASC_KEY_ID \
             -authenticationKeyIssuerID $ASC_KEY_ISSUER_ID
       - name: Publish to TestFlight
-        if: matrix.if && matrix.name != 'macOS-standalone' && github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.ref =='refs/heads/testing'
+        if: matrix.if && matrix.name != 'macOS-standalone' && github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.ref =='refs/heads/dev-next'
         run: |-
           go run -v ./cmd/internal/app_store_connect publish_testflight ${{ matrix.platform }}
       - name: Build image

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -99,13 +99,13 @@ jobs:
           fi
           echo "ref=$ref"
           echo "ref=$ref" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-      - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
-        with:
-          ref: ${{ steps.ref.outputs.ref }}
-          fetch-depth: 0
-      - name: Detect track
-        run: bash .github/detect_track.sh
+          if [[ $ref == *"-"* ]]; then
+            latest=latest-beta
+          else
+            latest=latest
+          fi
+          echo "latest=$latest"
+          echo "latest=$latest" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
       - name: Download digests
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
         with:
@@ -124,10 +124,10 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: /tmp/digests
         run: |
           docker buildx imagetools create \
-            -t "${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ env.DOCKER_TAG }}" \
+            -t "${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ steps.ref.outputs.latest }}" \
             -t "${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ steps.ref.outputs.ref }}" \
             $(printf '${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}@sha256:%s ' *)
       - name: Inspect image
         run: |
-          docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ env.DOCKER_TAG }}
+          docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ steps.ref.outputs.latest }}
           docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ steps.ref.outputs.ref }}

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -3,20 +3,18 @@ name: Lint
 on:
   push:
     branches:
-      - oldstable
-      - stable
-      - testing
-      - unstable
+      - stable-next
+      - main-next
+      - dev-next
     paths-ignore:
       - '**.md'
       - '.github/**'
       - '!.github/workflows/lint.yml'
   pull_request:
     branches:
-      - oldstable
-      - stable
-      - testing
-      - unstable
+      - stable-next
+      - main-next
+      - dev-next
 
 jobs:
   build:
@@ -30,7 +28,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ~1.24.10
+          go-version: ^1.25
       - name: golangci-lint
         uses: golangci/golangci-lint-action@v8
         with:

.github/workflows/linux.yml

@@ -7,6 +7,11 @@ on:
         description: "Version name"
         required: true
         type: string
+      forceBeta:
+        description: "Force beta"
+        required: false
+        type: boolean
+        default: false
   release:
     types:
       - published
@@ -25,7 +30,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ~1.25.8
+          go-version: ^1.25.1
       - name: Check input version
         if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
         run: |-
@@ -66,7 +71,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ~1.25.8
+          go-version: ^1.25.1
       - name: Setup Android NDK
         if: matrix.os == 'android'
         uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
@@ -87,7 +92,7 @@ jobs:
           set -xeuo pipefail
           mkdir -p dist
           go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' \
+          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -checklinkname=0' \
           ./cmd/sing-box
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: "0"
@@ -98,8 +103,14 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set mtime
         run: |-
           TZ=UTC touch -t '197001010000' dist/sing-box
-      - name: Detect track
-        run: bash .github/detect_track.sh
+      - name: Set name
+        if: (! contains(needs.calculate_version.outputs.version, '-')) && !inputs.forceBeta
+        run: |-
+          echo "NAME=sing-box" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Set beta name
+        if: contains(needs.calculate_version.outputs.version, '-') || inputs.forceBeta
+        run: |-
+          echo "NAME=sing-box-beta" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
       - name: Set version
         run: |-
           PKG_VERSION="${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}"

.gitignore

@@ -15,6 +15,4 @@
 .DS_Store
 /config.d/
 /venv/
-CLAUDE.md
-AGENTS.md
-/.claude/
+

.golangci.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 version: "2"
 run:
-  go: "1.24"
+  go: "1.25"
   build-tags:
     - with_gvisor
     - with_quic

Dockerfile

@@ -15,11 +15,13 @@ RUN set -ex \
     && go build -v -trimpath -tags \
         "with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale" \
         -o /go/bin/sing-box \
-        -ldflags "-X \"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$VERSION\" -s -w -buildid=" \
+        -ldflags "-X \"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$VERSION\" -s -w -buildid= -checklinkname=0" \
         ./cmd/sing-box
 FROM --platform=$TARGETPLATFORM alpine AS dist
 LABEL maintainer="nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>"
 RUN set -ex \
-    && apk add --no-cache --upgrade bash tzdata ca-certificates nftables
+    && apk upgrade \
+    && apk add bash tzdata ca-certificates nftables \
+    && rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*
 COPY --from=builder /go/bin/sing-box /usr/local/bin/sing-box
 ENTRYPOINT ["sing-box"]

Makefile

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ GOHOSTOS = $(shell go env GOHOSTOS)
 GOHOSTARCH = $(shell go env GOHOSTARCH)
 VERSION=$(shell CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=$(GOHOSTOS) GOARCH=$(GOHOSTARCH) go run github.com/sagernet/sing-box/cmd/internal/read_tag@latest)
 
-PARAMS = -v -trimpath -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$(VERSION)' -s -w -buildid="
+PARAMS = -v -trimpath -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$(VERSION)' -s -w -buildid= -checklinkname=0"
 MAIN_PARAMS = $(PARAMS) -tags "$(TAGS)"
 MAIN = ./cmd/sing-box
 PREFIX ?= $(shell go env GOPATH)

README.md

@@ -1,11 +1,3 @@
-> Sponsored by [Warp](https://go.warp.dev/sing-box), built for coding with multiple AI agents
-
-<a href="https://go.warp.dev/sing-box">
-<img alt="Warp sponsorship" width="400" src="https://github.com/warpdotdev/brand-assets/raw/refs/heads/main/Github/Sponsor/Warp-Github-LG-02.png">
-</a>
-
----
-
 # sing-box
 
 The universal proxy platform.

adapter/dns.go

@@ -27,6 +27,8 @@ type DNSClient interface {
 	Start()
 	Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport DNSTransport, message *dns.Msg, options DNSQueryOptions, responseChecker func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool) (*dns.Msg, error)
 	Lookup(ctx context.Context, transport DNSTransport, domain string, options DNSQueryOptions, responseChecker func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool) ([]netip.Addr, error)
+	LookupCache(domain string, strategy C.DomainStrategy) ([]netip.Addr, bool)
+	ExchangeCache(ctx context.Context, message *dns.Msg) (*dns.Msg, bool)
 	ClearCache()
 }
 

adapter/outbound.go

@@ -2,9 +2,12 @@ package adapter
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"net/netip"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 )
 
@@ -18,6 +21,17 @@ type Outbound interface {
 	N.Dialer
 }
 
+type OutboundWithPreferredRoutes interface {
+	Outbound
+	PreferredDomain(domain string) bool
+	PreferredAddress(address netip.Addr) bool
+}
+
+type DirectRouteOutbound interface {
+	Outbound
+	NewDirectRouteConnection(metadata InboundContext, routeContext tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error)
+}
+
 type OutboundRegistry interface {
 	option.OutboundOptionsRegistry
 	CreateOutbound(ctx context.Context, router Router, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, outboundType string, options any) (Outbound, error)

adapter/router.go

@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/http"
 	"sync"
+	"time"
 
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
@@ -19,7 +21,7 @@ import (
 type Router interface {
 	Lifecycle
 	ConnectionRouter
-	PreMatch(metadata InboundContext) error
+	PreMatch(metadata InboundContext, context tun.DirectRouteContext, timeout time.Duration) (tun.DirectRouteDestination, error)
 	ConnectionRouterEx
 	RuleSet(tag string) (RuleSet, bool)
 	NeedWIFIState() bool

adapter/upstream.go

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ func NewUpstreamContextHandlerEx(
 }
 
 func (w *myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapperEx) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	_, myMetadata := ExtendContext(ctx)
+	myMetadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
 	if source.IsValid() {
 		myMetadata.Source = source
 	}
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ func (w *myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapperEx) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context,
 }
 
 func (w *myUpstreamContextHandlerWrapperEx) NewPacketConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	_, myMetadata := ExtendContext(ctx)
+	myMetadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
 	if source.IsValid() {
 		myMetadata.Source = source
 	}
@@ -146,7 +146,7 @@ type routeContextHandlerWrapperEx struct {
 }
 
 func (r *routeContextHandlerWrapperEx) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	_, metadata := ExtendContext(ctx)
+	metadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
 	if source.IsValid() {
 		metadata.Source = source
 	}
@@ -157,7 +157,7 @@ func (r *routeContextHandlerWrapperEx) NewConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn
 }
 
 func (r *routeContextHandlerWrapperEx) NewPacketConnectionEx(ctx context.Context, conn N.PacketConn, source M.Socksaddr, destination M.Socksaddr, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc) {
-	_, metadata := ExtendContext(ctx)
+	metadata := ContextFrom(ctx)
 	if source.IsValid() {
 		metadata.Source = source
 	}

box.go

@@ -323,13 +323,14 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 			option.DirectOutboundOptions{},
 		)
 	})
-	dnsTransportManager.Initialize(common.Must1(
-		local.NewTransport(
+	dnsTransportManager.Initialize(func() (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
+		return local.NewTransport(
 			ctx,
 			logFactory.NewLogger("dns/local"),
 			"local",
 			option.LocalDNSServerOptions{},
-		)))
+		)
+	})
 	if platformInterface != nil {
 		err = platformInterface.Initialize(networkManager)
 		if err != nil {

cmd/internal/build_libbox/main.go

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ var (
 	sharedFlags []string
 	debugFlags  []string
 	sharedTags  []string
-	darwinTags  []string
+	macOSTags   []string
 	memcTags    []string
 	notMemcTags []string
 	debugTags   []string
@@ -59,11 +59,11 @@ func init() {
 	if err != nil {
 		currentTag = "unknown"
 	}
-	sharedFlags = append(sharedFlags, "-ldflags", "-X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version="+currentTag+" -s -w -buildid=")
-	debugFlags = append(debugFlags, "-ldflags", "-X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version="+currentTag)
+	sharedFlags = append(sharedFlags, "-ldflags", "-X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version="+currentTag+" -s -w -buildid=  -checklinkname=0")
+	debugFlags = append(debugFlags, "-ldflags", "-X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version="+currentTag+" -checklinkname=0")
 
 	sharedTags = append(sharedTags, "with_gvisor", "with_quic", "with_wireguard", "with_utls", "with_clash_api", "with_conntrack")
-	darwinTags = append(darwinTags, "with_dhcp")
+	macOSTags = append(macOSTags, "with_dhcp")
 	memcTags = append(memcTags, "with_tailscale")
 	notMemcTags = append(notMemcTags, "with_low_memory")
 	debugTags = append(debugTags, "debug")
@@ -107,10 +107,10 @@ func buildAndroid() {
 	}
 
 	if !debugEnabled {
-		sharedFlags[3] = sharedFlags[3] + " -checklinkname=0"
+		// sharedFlags[3] = sharedFlags[3] + " -checklinkname=0"
 		args = append(args, sharedFlags...)
 	} else {
-		debugFlags[1] = debugFlags[1] + " -checklinkname=0"
+		// debugFlags[1] = debugFlags[1] + " -checklinkname=0"
 		args = append(args, debugFlags...)
 	}
 
@@ -160,7 +160,9 @@ func buildApple() {
 		"-tags-not-macos=with_low_memory",
 	}
 	if !withTailscale {
-		args = append(args, "-tags-macos="+strings.Join(memcTags, ","))
+		args = append(args, "-tags-macos="+strings.Join(append(macOSTags, memcTags...), ","))
+	} else {
+		args = append(args, "-tags-macos="+strings.Join(macOSTags, ","))
 	}
 
 	if !debugEnabled {
@@ -169,7 +171,7 @@ func buildApple() {
 		args = append(args, debugFlags...)
 	}
 
-	tags := append(sharedTags, darwinTags...)
+	tags := sharedTags
 	if withTailscale {
 		tags = append(tags, memcTags...)
 	}

cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_compile.go

@@ -6,8 +6,10 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/srs"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/route/rule"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json"
 
 	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
@@ -69,7 +71,7 @@ func compileRuleSet(sourcePath string) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = srs.Write(outputFile, plainRuleSet.Options, plainRuleSet.Version)
+	err = srs.Write(outputFile, plainRuleSet.Options, downgradeRuleSetVersion(plainRuleSet.Version, plainRuleSet.Options))
 	if err != nil {
 		outputFile.Close()
 		os.Remove(outputPath)
@@ -78,3 +80,18 @@ func compileRuleSet(sourcePath string) error {
 	outputFile.Close()
 	return nil
 }
+
+func downgradeRuleSetVersion(version uint8, options option.PlainRuleSet) uint8 {
+	if version == C.RuleSetVersion4 && !rule.HasHeadlessRule(options.Rules, func(rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule) bool {
+		return rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress != nil && rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Size() > 0 ||
+			len(rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress) > 0
+	}) {
+		version = C.RuleSetVersion3
+	}
+	if version == C.RuleSetVersion3 && !rule.HasHeadlessRule(options.Rules, func(rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule) bool {
+		return len(rule.NetworkType) > 0 || rule.NetworkIsExpensive || rule.NetworkIsConstrained
+	}) {
+		version = C.RuleSetVersion2
+	}
+	return version
+}

cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_fetch_http3.go

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ func initializeHTTP3Client(instance *box.Box) error {
 	}
 	http3Client = &http.Client{
 		Transport: &http3.Transport{
-			Dial: func(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsCfg *tls.Config, cfg *quic.Config) (quic.EarlyConnection, error) {
+			Dial: func(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsCfg *tls.Config, cfg *quic.Config) (*quic.Conn, error) {
 				destination := M.ParseSocksaddr(addr)
 				udpConn, dErr := dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, destination)
 				if dErr != nil {

common/badtls/raw_conn.go

@@ -0,0 +1,176 @@
+//go:build go1.25 && !without_badtls
+
+package badtls
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"os"
+	"reflect"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
+)
+
+type RawConn struct {
+	pointer unsafe.Pointer
+	methods *Methods
+
+	IsClient            *bool
+	IsHandshakeComplete *atomic.Bool
+	Vers                *uint16
+	CipherSuite         *uint16
+
+	RawInput *bytes.Buffer
+	Input    *bytes.Reader
+	Hand     *bytes.Buffer
+
+	CloseNotifySent *bool
+	CloseNotifyErr  *error
+
+	In  *RawHalfConn
+	Out *RawHalfConn
+
+	BytesSent   *int64
+	PacketsSent *int64
+
+	ActiveCall *atomic.Int32
+	Tmp        *[16]byte
+}
+
+func NewRawConn(rawTLSConn tls.Conn) (*RawConn, error) {
+	var (
+		pointer unsafe.Pointer
+		methods *Methods
+		loaded  bool
+	)
+	for _, tlsCreator := range methodRegistry {
+		pointer, methods, loaded = tlsCreator(rawTLSConn)
+		if loaded {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !loaded {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+
+	conn := &RawConn{
+		pointer: pointer,
+		methods: methods,
+	}
+
+	rawConn := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(rawTLSConn))
+
+	rawIsClient := rawConn.FieldByName("isClient")
+	if !rawIsClient.IsValid() || rawIsClient.Kind() != reflect.Bool {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.isClient")
+	}
+	conn.IsClient = (*bool)(unsafe.Pointer(rawIsClient.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawIsHandshakeComplete := rawConn.FieldByName("isHandshakeComplete")
+	if !rawIsHandshakeComplete.IsValid() || rawIsHandshakeComplete.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.isHandshakeComplete")
+	}
+	conn.IsHandshakeComplete = (*atomic.Bool)(unsafe.Pointer(rawIsHandshakeComplete.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawVers := rawConn.FieldByName("vers")
+	if !rawVers.IsValid() || rawVers.Kind() != reflect.Uint16 {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.vers")
+	}
+	conn.Vers = (*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(rawVers.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawCipherSuite := rawConn.FieldByName("cipherSuite")
+	if !rawCipherSuite.IsValid() || rawCipherSuite.Kind() != reflect.Uint16 {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.cipherSuite")
+	}
+	conn.CipherSuite = (*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(rawCipherSuite.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawRawInput := rawConn.FieldByName("rawInput")
+	if !rawRawInput.IsValid() || rawRawInput.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.rawInput")
+	}
+	conn.RawInput = (*bytes.Buffer)(unsafe.Pointer(rawRawInput.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawInput := rawConn.FieldByName("input")
+	if !rawInput.IsValid() || rawInput.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.input")
+	}
+	conn.Input = (*bytes.Reader)(unsafe.Pointer(rawInput.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawHand := rawConn.FieldByName("hand")
+	if !rawHand.IsValid() || rawHand.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.hand")
+	}
+	conn.Hand = (*bytes.Buffer)(unsafe.Pointer(rawHand.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawCloseNotifySent := rawConn.FieldByName("closeNotifySent")
+	if !rawCloseNotifySent.IsValid() || rawCloseNotifySent.Kind() != reflect.Bool {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.closeNotifySent")
+	}
+	conn.CloseNotifySent = (*bool)(unsafe.Pointer(rawCloseNotifySent.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawCloseNotifyErr := rawConn.FieldByName("closeNotifyErr")
+	if !rawCloseNotifyErr.IsValid() || rawCloseNotifyErr.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.closeNotifyErr")
+	}
+	conn.CloseNotifyErr = (*error)(unsafe.Pointer(rawCloseNotifyErr.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawIn := rawConn.FieldByName("in")
+	if !rawIn.IsValid() || rawIn.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.in")
+	}
+	halfIn, err := NewRawHalfConn(rawIn, methods)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "invalid Conn.in")
+	}
+	conn.In = halfIn
+
+	rawOut := rawConn.FieldByName("out")
+	if !rawOut.IsValid() || rawOut.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.out")
+	}
+	halfOut, err := NewRawHalfConn(rawOut, methods)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "invalid Conn.out")
+	}
+	conn.Out = halfOut
+
+	rawBytesSent := rawConn.FieldByName("bytesSent")
+	if !rawBytesSent.IsValid() || rawBytesSent.Kind() != reflect.Int64 {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.bytesSent")
+	}
+	conn.BytesSent = (*int64)(unsafe.Pointer(rawBytesSent.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawPacketsSent := rawConn.FieldByName("packetsSent")
+	if !rawPacketsSent.IsValid() || rawPacketsSent.Kind() != reflect.Int64 {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.packetsSent")
+	}
+	conn.PacketsSent = (*int64)(unsafe.Pointer(rawPacketsSent.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawActiveCall := rawConn.FieldByName("activeCall")
+	if !rawActiveCall.IsValid() || rawActiveCall.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.activeCall")
+	}
+	conn.ActiveCall = (*atomic.Int32)(unsafe.Pointer(rawActiveCall.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawTmp := rawConn.FieldByName("tmp")
+	if !rawTmp.IsValid() || rawTmp.Kind() != reflect.Array || rawTmp.Len() != 16 || rawTmp.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid Conn.tmp")
+	}
+	conn.Tmp = (*[16]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawTmp.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	return conn, nil
+}
+
+func (c *RawConn) ReadRecord() error {
+	return c.methods.readRecord(c.pointer)
+}
+
+func (c *RawConn) HandlePostHandshakeMessage() error {
+	return c.methods.handlePostHandshakeMessage(c.pointer)
+}
+
+func (c *RawConn) WriteRecordLocked(typ uint16, data []byte) (int, error) {
+	return c.methods.writeRecordLocked(c.pointer, typ, data)
+}

common/badtls/raw_half_conn.go

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+//go:build go1.25 && !without_badtls
+
+package badtls
+
+import (
+	"hash"
+	"reflect"
+	"sync"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+)
+
+type RawHalfConn struct {
+	pointer unsafe.Pointer
+	methods *Methods
+	*sync.Mutex
+	Err           *error
+	Version       *uint16
+	Cipher        *any
+	Seq           *[8]byte
+	ScratchBuf    *[13]byte
+	TrafficSecret *[]byte
+	Mac           *hash.Hash
+	RawKey        *[]byte
+	RawIV         *[]byte
+	RawMac        *[]byte
+}
+
+func NewRawHalfConn(rawHalfConn reflect.Value, methods *Methods) (*RawHalfConn, error) {
+	halfConn := &RawHalfConn{
+		pointer: (unsafe.Pointer)(rawHalfConn.UnsafeAddr()),
+		methods: methods,
+	}
+
+	rawMutex := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("Mutex")
+	if !rawMutex.IsValid() || rawMutex.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.Mutex")
+	}
+	halfConn.Mutex = (*sync.Mutex)(unsafe.Pointer(rawMutex.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawErr := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("err")
+	if !rawErr.IsValid() || rawErr.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.err")
+	}
+	halfConn.Err = (*error)(unsafe.Pointer(rawErr.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawVersion := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("version")
+	if !rawVersion.IsValid() || rawVersion.Kind() != reflect.Uint16 {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.version")
+	}
+	halfConn.Version = (*uint16)(unsafe.Pointer(rawVersion.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawCipher := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("cipher")
+	if !rawCipher.IsValid() || rawCipher.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.cipher")
+	}
+	halfConn.Cipher = (*any)(unsafe.Pointer(rawCipher.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawSeq := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("seq")
+	if !rawSeq.IsValid() || rawSeq.Kind() != reflect.Array || rawSeq.Len() != 8 || rawSeq.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.seq")
+	}
+	halfConn.Seq = (*[8]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawSeq.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawScratchBuf := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("scratchBuf")
+	if !rawScratchBuf.IsValid() || rawScratchBuf.Kind() != reflect.Array || rawScratchBuf.Len() != 13 || rawScratchBuf.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.scratchBuf")
+	}
+	halfConn.ScratchBuf = (*[13]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawScratchBuf.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawTrafficSecret := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("trafficSecret")
+	if !rawTrafficSecret.IsValid() || rawTrafficSecret.Kind() != reflect.Slice || rawTrafficSecret.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.trafficSecret")
+	}
+	halfConn.TrafficSecret = (*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawTrafficSecret.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawMac := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("mac")
+	if !rawMac.IsValid() || rawMac.Kind() != reflect.Interface {
+		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.mac")
+	}
+	halfConn.Mac = (*hash.Hash)(unsafe.Pointer(rawMac.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+	rawKey := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("rawKey")
+	if rawKey.IsValid() {
+		if /*!rawKey.IsValid() || */ rawKey.Kind() != reflect.Slice || rawKey.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+			return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.rawKey")
+		}
+		halfConn.RawKey = (*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawKey.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+		rawIV := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("rawIV")
+		if !rawIV.IsValid() || rawIV.Kind() != reflect.Slice || rawIV.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+			return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.rawIV")
+		}
+		halfConn.RawIV = (*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawIV.UnsafeAddr()))
+
+		rawMAC := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("rawMac")
+		if !rawMAC.IsValid() || rawMAC.Kind() != reflect.Slice || rawMAC.Type().Elem().Kind() != reflect.Uint8 {
+			return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid halfConn.rawMac")
+		}
+		halfConn.RawMac = (*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(rawMAC.UnsafeAddr()))
+	}
+
+	return halfConn, nil
+}
+
+func (hc *RawHalfConn) Decrypt(record []byte) ([]byte, uint8, error) {
+	return hc.methods.decrypt(hc.pointer, record)
+}
+
+func (hc *RawHalfConn) SetErrorLocked(err error) error {
+	return hc.methods.setErrorLocked(hc.pointer, err)
+}
+
+func (hc *RawHalfConn) SetTrafficSecret(suite unsafe.Pointer, level int, secret []byte) {
+	hc.methods.setTrafficSecret(hc.pointer, suite, level, secret)
+}
+
+func (hc *RawHalfConn) ExplicitNonceLen() int {
+	return hc.methods.explicitNonceLen(hc.pointer)
+}

common/badtls/read_wait.go

@@ -1,18 +1,9 @@
-//go:build go1.21 && !without_badtls
+//go:build go1.25 && !without_badtls
 
 package badtls
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
-	"context"
-	"net"
-	"os"
-	"reflect"
-	"sync"
-	"unsafe"
-
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
 )
@@ -21,63 +12,21 @@ var _ N.ReadWaiter = (*ReadWaitConn)(nil)
 
 type ReadWaitConn struct {
 	tls.Conn
-	halfAccess                    *sync.Mutex
-	rawInput                      *bytes.Buffer
-	input                         *bytes.Reader
-	hand                          *bytes.Buffer
-	readWaitOptions               N.ReadWaitOptions
-	tlsReadRecord                 func() error
-	tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage func() error
+	rawConn         *RawConn
+	readWaitOptions N.ReadWaitOptions
 }
 
 func NewReadWaitConn(conn tls.Conn) (tls.Conn, error) {
-	var (
-		loaded                        bool
-		tlsReadRecord                 func() error
-		tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage func() error
-	)
-	for _, tlsCreator := range tlsRegistry {
-		loaded, tlsReadRecord, tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage = tlsCreator(conn)
-		if loaded {
-			break
-		}
+	if _, isReadWaitConn := conn.(N.ReadWaiter); isReadWaitConn {
+		return conn, nil
 	}
-	if !loaded {
-		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	rawConn, err := NewRawConn(conn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	rawConn := reflect.Indirect(reflect.ValueOf(conn))
-	rawHalfConn := rawConn.FieldByName("in")
-	if !rawHalfConn.IsValid() || rawHalfConn.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid half conn")
-	}
-	rawHalfMutex := rawHalfConn.FieldByName("Mutex")
-	if !rawHalfMutex.IsValid() || rawHalfMutex.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid half mutex")
-	}
-	halfAccess := (*sync.Mutex)(unsafe.Pointer(rawHalfMutex.UnsafeAddr()))
-	rawRawInput := rawConn.FieldByName("rawInput")
-	if !rawRawInput.IsValid() || rawRawInput.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid raw input")
-	}
-	rawInput := (*bytes.Buffer)(unsafe.Pointer(rawRawInput.UnsafeAddr()))
-	rawInput0 := rawConn.FieldByName("input")
-	if !rawInput0.IsValid() || rawInput0.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid input")
-	}
-	input := (*bytes.Reader)(unsafe.Pointer(rawInput0.UnsafeAddr()))
-	rawHand := rawConn.FieldByName("hand")
-	if !rawHand.IsValid() || rawHand.Kind() != reflect.Struct {
-		return nil, E.New("badtls: invalid hand")
-	}
-	hand := (*bytes.Buffer)(unsafe.Pointer(rawHand.UnsafeAddr()))
 	return &ReadWaitConn{
-		Conn:                          conn,
-		halfAccess:                    halfAccess,
-		rawInput:                      rawInput,
-		input:                         input,
-		hand:                          hand,
-		tlsReadRecord:                 tlsReadRecord,
-		tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage: tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage,
+		Conn:    conn,
+		rawConn: rawConn,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -87,36 +36,36 @@ func (c *ReadWaitConn) InitializeReadWaiter(options N.ReadWaitOptions) (needCopy
 }
 
 func (c *ReadWaitConn) WaitReadBuffer() (buffer *buf.Buffer, err error) {
-	err = c.HandshakeContext(context.Background())
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-	c.halfAccess.Lock()
-	defer c.halfAccess.Unlock()
-	for c.input.Len() == 0 {
-		err = c.tlsReadRecord()
+	//err = c.HandshakeContext(context.Background())
+	//if err != nil {
+	//	return
+	//}
+	c.rawConn.In.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.In.Unlock()
+	for c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 {
+		err = c.rawConn.ReadRecord()
 		if err != nil {
 			return
 		}
-		for c.hand.Len() > 0 {
-			err = c.tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage()
+		for c.rawConn.Hand.Len() > 0 {
+			err = c.rawConn.HandlePostHandshakeMessage()
 			if err != nil {
 				return
 			}
 		}
 	}
 	buffer = c.readWaitOptions.NewBuffer()
-	n, err := c.input.Read(buffer.FreeBytes())
+	n, err := c.rawConn.Input.Read(buffer.FreeBytes())
 	if err != nil {
 		buffer.Release()
 		return
 	}
 	buffer.Truncate(n)
 
-	if n != 0 && c.input.Len() == 0 && c.rawInput.Len() > 0 &&
-		// recordType(c.rawInput.Bytes()[0]) == recordTypeAlert {
-		c.rawInput.Bytes()[0] == 21 {
-		_ = c.tlsReadRecord()
+	if n != 0 && c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 && c.rawConn.Input.Len() > 0 &&
+		// recordType(c.RawInput.Bytes()[0]) == recordTypeAlert {
+		c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes()[0] == 21 {
+		_ = c.rawConn.ReadRecord()
 		// return n, err // will be io.EOF on closeNotify
 	}
 
@@ -131,25 +80,3 @@ func (c *ReadWaitConn) Upstream() any {
 func (c *ReadWaitConn) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
 	return true
 }
-
-var tlsRegistry []func(conn net.Conn) (loaded bool, tlsReadRecord func() error, tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage func() error)
-
-func init() {
-	tlsRegistry = append(tlsRegistry, func(conn net.Conn) (loaded bool, tlsReadRecord func() error, tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage func() error) {
-		tlsConn, loaded := conn.(*tls.STDConn)
-		if !loaded {
-			return
-		}
-		return true, func() error {
-				return stdTLSReadRecord(tlsConn)
-			}, func() error {
-				return stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage(tlsConn)
-			}
-	})
-}
-
-//go:linkname stdTLSReadRecord crypto/tls.(*Conn).readRecord
-func stdTLSReadRecord(c *tls.STDConn) error
-
-//go:linkname stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage crypto/tls.(*Conn).handlePostHandshakeMessage
-func stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage(c *tls.STDConn) error

common/badtls/read_wait_stub.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !go1.21 || without_badtls
+//go:build !go1.25 || without_badtls
 
 package badtls
 

common/badtls/read_wait_utls.go

@@ -1,36 +0,0 @@
-//go:build go1.21 && !without_badtls && with_utls
-
-package badtls
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	_ "unsafe"
-
-	"github.com/metacubex/utls"
-)
-
-func init() {
-	tlsRegistry = append(tlsRegistry, func(conn net.Conn) (loaded bool, tlsReadRecord func() error, tlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage func() error) {
-		switch tlsConn := conn.(type) {
-		case *tls.UConn:
-			return true, func() error {
-					return utlsReadRecord(tlsConn.Conn)
-				}, func() error {
-					return utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage(tlsConn.Conn)
-				}
-		case *tls.Conn:
-			return true, func() error {
-					return utlsReadRecord(tlsConn)
-				}, func() error {
-					return utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage(tlsConn)
-				}
-		}
-		return
-	})
-}
-
-//go:linkname utlsReadRecord github.com/metacubex/utls.(*Conn).readRecord
-func utlsReadRecord(c *tls.Conn) error
-
-//go:linkname utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage github.com/metacubex/utls.(*Conn).handlePostHandshakeMessage
-func utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage(c *tls.Conn) error

common/badtls/registry.go

@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+//go:build go1.25 && !without_badtls
+
+package badtls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"net"
+	"unsafe"
+)
+
+type Methods struct {
+	readRecord                 func(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+	handlePostHandshakeMessage func(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+	writeRecordLocked          func(c unsafe.Pointer, typ uint16, data []byte) (int, error)
+
+	setErrorLocked   func(hc unsafe.Pointer, err error) error
+	decrypt          func(hc unsafe.Pointer, record []byte) ([]byte, uint8, error)
+	setTrafficSecret func(hc unsafe.Pointer, suite unsafe.Pointer, level int, secret []byte)
+	explicitNonceLen func(hc unsafe.Pointer) int
+}
+
+var methodRegistry []func(conn net.Conn) (unsafe.Pointer, *Methods, bool)
+
+func init() {
+	methodRegistry = append(methodRegistry, func(conn net.Conn) (unsafe.Pointer, *Methods, bool) {
+		tlsConn, loaded := conn.(*tls.Conn)
+		if !loaded {
+			return nil, nil, false
+		}
+		return unsafe.Pointer(tlsConn), &Methods{
+			readRecord:                 stdTLSReadRecord,
+			handlePostHandshakeMessage: stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage,
+			writeRecordLocked:          stdWriteRecordLocked,
+
+			setErrorLocked:   stdSetErrorLocked,
+			decrypt:          stdDecrypt,
+			setTrafficSecret: stdSetTrafficSecret,
+			explicitNonceLen: stdExplicitNonceLen,
+		}, true
+	})
+}
+
+//go:linkname stdTLSReadRecord crypto/tls.(*Conn).readRecord
+func stdTLSReadRecord(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+
+//go:linkname stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage crypto/tls.(*Conn).handlePostHandshakeMessage
+func stdTLSHandlePostHandshakeMessage(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+
+//go:linkname stdWriteRecordLocked crypto/tls.(*Conn).writeRecordLocked
+func stdWriteRecordLocked(c unsafe.Pointer, typ uint16, data []byte) (int, error)
+
+//go:linkname stdSetErrorLocked crypto/tls.(*halfConn).setErrorLocked
+func stdSetErrorLocked(hc unsafe.Pointer, err error) error
+
+//go:linkname stdDecrypt crypto/tls.(*halfConn).decrypt
+func stdDecrypt(hc unsafe.Pointer, record []byte) ([]byte, uint8, error)
+
+//go:linkname stdSetTrafficSecret crypto/tls.(*halfConn).setTrafficSecret
+func stdSetTrafficSecret(hc unsafe.Pointer, suite unsafe.Pointer, level int, secret []byte)
+
+//go:linkname stdExplicitNonceLen crypto/tls.(*halfConn).explicitNonceLen
+func stdExplicitNonceLen(hc unsafe.Pointer) int

common/badtls/registry_utls.go

@@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
+//go:build go1.25 && !without_badtls
+
+package badtls
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+
+	"github.com/metacubex/utls"
+)
+
+func init() {
+	methodRegistry = append(methodRegistry, func(conn net.Conn) (unsafe.Pointer, *Methods, bool) {
+		var pointer unsafe.Pointer
+		if uConn, loaded := N.CastReader[*tls.Conn](conn); loaded {
+			pointer = unsafe.Pointer(uConn)
+		} else if uConn, loaded := N.CastReader[*tls.UConn](conn); loaded {
+			pointer = unsafe.Pointer(uConn.Conn)
+		} else {
+			return nil, nil, false
+		}
+		return pointer, &Methods{
+			readRecord:                 utlsReadRecord,
+			handlePostHandshakeMessage: utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage,
+			writeRecordLocked:          utlsWriteRecordLocked,
+
+			setErrorLocked:   utlsSetErrorLocked,
+			decrypt:          utlsDecrypt,
+			setTrafficSecret: utlsSetTrafficSecret,
+			explicitNonceLen: utlsExplicitNonceLen,
+		}, true
+	})
+}
+
+//go:linkname utlsReadRecord github.com/metacubex/utls.(*Conn).readRecord
+func utlsReadRecord(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+
+//go:linkname utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage github.com/metacubex/utls.(*Conn).handlePostHandshakeMessage
+func utlsHandlePostHandshakeMessage(c unsafe.Pointer) error
+
+//go:linkname utlsWriteRecordLocked github.com/metacubex/utls.(*Conn).writeRecordLocked
+func utlsWriteRecordLocked(hc unsafe.Pointer, typ uint16, data []byte) (int, error)
+
+//go:linkname utlsSetErrorLocked github.com/metacubex/utls.(*halfConn).setErrorLocked
+func utlsSetErrorLocked(hc unsafe.Pointer, err error) error
+
+//go:linkname utlsDecrypt github.com/metacubex/utls.(*halfConn).decrypt
+func utlsDecrypt(hc unsafe.Pointer, record []byte) ([]byte, uint8, error)
+
+//go:linkname utlsSetTrafficSecret github.com/metacubex/utls.(*halfConn).setTrafficSecret
+func utlsSetTrafficSecret(hc unsafe.Pointer, suite unsafe.Pointer, level int, secret []byte)
+
+//go:linkname utlsExplicitNonceLen github.com/metacubex/utls.(*halfConn).explicitNonceLen
+func utlsExplicitNonceLen(hc unsafe.Pointer) int

common/badversion/version.go

@@ -5,6 +5,8 @@ import (
 	"strings"
 
 	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
+
+	"golang.org/x/mod/semver"
 )
 
 type Version struct {
@@ -16,7 +18,19 @@ type Version struct {
 	PreReleaseVersion    int
 }
 
-func (v Version) After(anotherVersion Version) bool {
+func (v Version) LessThan(anotherVersion Version) bool {
+	return !v.GreaterThanOrEqual(anotherVersion)
+}
+
+func (v Version) LessThanOrEqual(anotherVersion Version) bool {
+	return v == anotherVersion || anotherVersion.GreaterThan(v)
+}
+
+func (v Version) GreaterThanOrEqual(anotherVersion Version) bool {
+	return v == anotherVersion || v.GreaterThan(anotherVersion)
+}
+
+func (v Version) GreaterThan(anotherVersion Version) bool {
 	if v.Major > anotherVersion.Major {
 		return true
 	} else if v.Major < anotherVersion.Major {
@@ -44,19 +58,29 @@ func (v Version) After(anotherVersion Version) bool {
 			} else if v.PreReleaseVersion < anotherVersion.PreReleaseVersion {
 				return false
 			}
-		} else if v.PreReleaseIdentifier == "rc" && anotherVersion.PreReleaseIdentifier == "beta" {
+		}
+		preReleaseIdentifier := parsePreReleaseIdentifier(v.PreReleaseIdentifier)
+		anotherPreReleaseIdentifier := parsePreReleaseIdentifier(anotherVersion.PreReleaseIdentifier)
+		if preReleaseIdentifier < anotherPreReleaseIdentifier {
 			return true
-		} else if v.PreReleaseIdentifier == "beta" && anotherVersion.PreReleaseIdentifier == "rc" {
-			return false
-		} else if v.PreReleaseIdentifier == "beta" && anotherVersion.PreReleaseIdentifier == "alpha" {
-			return true
-		} else if v.PreReleaseIdentifier == "alpha" && anotherVersion.PreReleaseIdentifier == "beta" {
+		} else if preReleaseIdentifier > anotherPreReleaseIdentifier {
 			return false
 		}
 	}
 	return false
 }
 
+func parsePreReleaseIdentifier(identifier string) int {
+	if strings.HasPrefix(identifier, "rc") {
+		return 1
+	} else if strings.HasPrefix(identifier, "beta") {
+		return 2
+	} else if strings.HasPrefix(identifier, "alpha") {
+		return 3
+	}
+	return 0
+}
+
 func (v Version) VersionString() string {
 	return F.ToString(v.Major, ".", v.Minor, ".", v.Patch)
 }
@@ -83,6 +107,10 @@ func (v Version) BadString() string {
 	return version
 }
 
+func IsValid(versionName string) bool {
+	return semver.IsValid("v" + versionName)
+}
+
 func Parse(versionName string) (version Version) {
 	if strings.HasPrefix(versionName, "v") {
 		versionName = versionName[1:]

common/badversion/version_test.go

@@ -10,9 +10,9 @@ func TestCompareVersion(t *testing.T) {
 	t.Parallel()
 	require.Equal(t, "1.3.0-beta.1", Parse("v1.3.0-beta1").String())
 	require.Equal(t, "1.3-beta1", Parse("v1.3.0-beta.1").BadString())
-	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0").After(Parse("1.3-beta1")))
-	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0").After(Parse("1.3.0-beta1")))
-	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0-beta1").After(Parse("1.3.0-alpha1")))
-	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.1").After(Parse("1.3.0")))
-	require.True(t, Parse("1.4").After(Parse("1.3")))
+	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0").GreaterThan(Parse("1.3-beta1")))
+	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0").GreaterThan(Parse("1.3.0-beta1")))
+	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.0-beta1").GreaterThan(Parse("1.3.0-alpha1")))
+	require.True(t, Parse("1.3.1").GreaterThan(Parse("1.3.0")))
+	require.True(t, Parse("1.4").GreaterThan(Parse("1.3")))
 }

common/dialer/default.go

@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 
 	if networkManager != nil {
 		defaultOptions := networkManager.DefaultOptions()
-		if defaultOptions.BindInterface != "" && !disableDefaultBind {
+		if defaultOptions.BindInterface != "" {
 			bindFunc := control.BindToInterface(networkManager.InterfaceFinder(), defaultOptions.BindInterface, -1)
 			dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, bindFunc)
 			listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, bindFunc)
@@ -142,7 +142,8 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 		dialer.Timeout = C.TCPConnectTimeout
 	}
 	// TODO: Add an option to customize the keep alive period
-	setKeepAliveConfig(&dialer, C.TCPKeepAliveInitial, C.TCPKeepAliveInterval)
+	dialer.KeepAlive = C.TCPKeepAliveInitial
+	dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.SetKeepAlivePeriod(C.TCPKeepAliveInitial, C.TCPKeepAliveInterval))
 	var udpFragment bool
 	if options.UDPFragment != nil {
 		udpFragment = *options.UDPFragment
@@ -314,6 +315,14 @@ func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksadd
 	}
 }
 
+func (d *DefaultDialer) DialerForICMPDestination(destination netip.Addr) net.Dialer {
+	if !destination.Is6() {
+		return dialerFromTCPDialer(d.dialer6)
+	} else {
+		return dialerFromTCPDialer(d.dialer4)
+	}
+}
+
 func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenSerialInterfacePacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, error) {
 	if strategy == nil {
 		strategy = d.networkStrategy
@@ -347,18 +356,8 @@ func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenSerialInterfacePacket(ctx context.Context, destina
 	return trackPacketConn(packetConn, nil)
 }
 
-func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenPacketCompat(network, address string) (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	udpListener := d.udpListener
-	udpListener.Control = control.Append(udpListener.Control, func(network, address string, conn syscall.RawConn) error {
-		for _, wgControlFn := range WgControlFns {
-			err := wgControlFn(network, address, conn)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-		}
-		return nil
-	})
-	return udpListener.ListenPacket(context.Background(), network, address)
+func (d *DefaultDialer) WireGuardControl() control.Func {
+	return d.udpListener.Control
 }
 
 func trackConn(conn net.Conn, err error) (net.Conn, error) {

common/dialer/default_go123.go

@@ -1,16 +0,0 @@
-//go:build go1.23
-
-package dialer
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"time"
-)
-
-func setKeepAliveConfig(dialer *net.Dialer, idle time.Duration, interval time.Duration) {
-	dialer.KeepAliveConfig = net.KeepAliveConfig{
-		Enable:   true,
-		Idle:     idle,
-		Interval: interval,
-	}
-}

common/dialer/default_nongo123.go

@@ -1,15 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !go1.23
-
-package dialer
-
-import (
-	"net"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
-)
-
-func setKeepAliveConfig(dialer *net.Dialer, idle time.Duration, interval time.Duration) {
-	dialer.KeepAlive = idle
-	dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.SetKeepAlivePeriod(idle, interval))
-}

common/dialer/dialer.go

@@ -145,7 +145,3 @@ type ParallelNetworkDialer interface {
 	DialParallelNetwork(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.Conn, error)
 	ListenSerialNetworkPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, netip.Addr, error)
 }
-
-type PacketDialerWithDestination interface {
-	ListenPacketWithDestination(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, netip.Addr, error)
-}

common/dialer/wireguard.go

@@ -1,13 +1,9 @@
 package dialer
 
 import (
-	"net"
-
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
 )
 
 type WireGuardListener interface {
-	ListenPacketCompat(network, address string) (net.PacketConn, error)
+	WireGuardControl() control.Func
 }
-
-var WgControlFns []control.Func

common/ktls/ktls.go

@@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && !without_badtls
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/badtls"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+type Conn struct {
+	aTLS.Conn
+	ctx             context.Context
+	logger          logger.ContextLogger
+	conn            net.Conn
+	rawConn         *badtls.RawConn
+	syscallConn     syscall.Conn
+	rawSyscallConn  syscall.RawConn
+	readWaitOptions N.ReadWaitOptions
+	kernelTx        bool
+	kernelRx        bool
+	pendingRxSplice bool
+}
+
+func NewConn(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, conn aTLS.Conn, txOffload, rxOffload bool) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
+	err := Load()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	syscallConn, isSyscallConn := N.CastReader[interface {
+		io.Reader
+		syscall.Conn
+	}](conn.NetConn())
+	if !isSyscallConn {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	rawSyscallConn, err := syscallConn.SyscallConn()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	rawConn, err := badtls.NewRawConn(conn)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if *rawConn.Vers != tls.VersionTLS13 {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	for rawConn.RawInput.Len() > 0 {
+		err = rawConn.ReadRecord()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		for rawConn.Hand.Len() > 0 {
+			err = rawConn.HandlePostHandshakeMessage()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, E.Cause(err, "handle post-handshake messages")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	kConn := &Conn{
+		Conn:           conn,
+		ctx:            ctx,
+		logger:         logger,
+		conn:           conn.NetConn(),
+		rawConn:        rawConn,
+		syscallConn:    syscallConn,
+		rawSyscallConn: rawSyscallConn,
+	}
+	err = kConn.setupKernel(txOffload, rxOffload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return kConn, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) Upstream() any {
+	return c.Conn
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) SyscallConnForRead() syscall.RawConn {
+	if !c.kernelRx {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !*c.rawConn.IsClient {
+		c.logger.WarnContext(c.ctx, "ktls: RX splice is unavailable on the server size, since it will cause an unknown failure")
+		return nil
+	}
+	c.logger.DebugContext(c.ctx, "ktls: RX splice requested")
+	return c.rawSyscallConn
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) HandleSyscallReadError(inputErr error) ([]byte, error) {
+	if errors.Is(inputErr, unix.EINVAL) {
+		c.pendingRxSplice = true
+		err := c.readRecord()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "ktls: handle non-application-data record")
+		}
+		var input bytes.Buffer
+		if c.rawConn.Input.Len() > 0 {
+			_, err = c.rawConn.Input.WriteTo(&input)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		return input.Bytes(), nil
+	} else if errors.Is(inputErr, unix.EBADMSG) {
+		return nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertBadRecordMAC))
+	} else {
+		return nil, E.Cause(inputErr, "ktls: unexpected errno")
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) SyscallConnForWrite() syscall.RawConn {
+	if !c.kernelTx {
+		return nil
+	}
+	c.logger.DebugContext(c.ctx, "ktls: TX splice requested")
+	return c.rawSyscallConn
+}

common/ktls/ktls_alert.go

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && !without_badtls
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"net"
+)
+
+const (
+	// alert level
+	alertLevelWarning = 1
+	alertLevelError   = 2
+)
+
+const (
+	alertCloseNotify                  = 0
+	alertUnexpectedMessage            = 10
+	alertBadRecordMAC                 = 20
+	alertDecryptionFailed             = 21
+	alertRecordOverflow               = 22
+	alertDecompressionFailure         = 30
+	alertHandshakeFailure             = 40
+	alertBadCertificate               = 42
+	alertUnsupportedCertificate       = 43
+	alertCertificateRevoked           = 44
+	alertCertificateExpired           = 45
+	alertCertificateUnknown           = 46
+	alertIllegalParameter             = 47
+	alertUnknownCA                    = 48
+	alertAccessDenied                 = 49
+	alertDecodeError                  = 50
+	alertDecryptError                 = 51
+	alertExportRestriction            = 60
+	alertProtocolVersion              = 70
+	alertInsufficientSecurity         = 71
+	alertInternalError                = 80
+	alertInappropriateFallback        = 86
+	alertUserCanceled                 = 90
+	alertNoRenegotiation              = 100
+	alertMissingExtension             = 109
+	alertUnsupportedExtension         = 110
+	alertCertificateUnobtainable      = 111
+	alertUnrecognizedName             = 112
+	alertBadCertificateStatusResponse = 113
+	alertBadCertificateHashValue      = 114
+	alertUnknownPSKIdentity           = 115
+	alertCertificateRequired          = 116
+	alertNoApplicationProtocol        = 120
+	alertECHRequired                  = 121
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) sendAlertLocked(err uint8) error {
+	switch err {
+	case alertNoRenegotiation, alertCloseNotify:
+		c.rawConn.Tmp[0] = alertLevelWarning
+	default:
+		c.rawConn.Tmp[0] = alertLevelError
+	}
+	c.rawConn.Tmp[1] = byte(err)
+
+	_, writeErr := c.writeRecordLocked(recordTypeAlert, c.rawConn.Tmp[0:2])
+	if err == alertCloseNotify {
+		// closeNotify is a special case in that it isn't an error.
+		return writeErr
+	}
+
+	return c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(&net.OpError{Op: "local error", Err: tls.AlertError(err)})
+}
+
+// sendAlert sends a TLS alert message.
+func (c *Conn) sendAlert(err uint8) error {
+	c.rawConn.Out.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.Out.Unlock()
+	return c.sendAlertLocked(err)
+}

common/ktls/ktls_cipher_suites_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+// Copyright 2010 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && !without_badtls
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/badtls"
+)
+
+type kernelCryptoCipherType uint16
+
+const (
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128              kernelCryptoCipherType = 51
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256              kernelCryptoCipherType = 52
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 32
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128              kernelCryptoCipherType = 53
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305              kernelCryptoCipherType = 54
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 12
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 32
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 0
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM              kernelCryptoCipherType = 55
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM              kernelCryptoCipherType = 56
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	// TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128              kernelCryptoCipherType = 57
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256              kernelCryptoCipherType = 58
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_IV_SIZE      kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_KEY_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 32
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_SALT_SIZE    kernelCryptoCipherType = 4
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_TAG_SIZE     kernelCryptoCipherType = 16
+	TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_REC_SEQ_SIZE kernelCryptoCipherType = 8
+)
+
+type kernelCrypto interface {
+	String() string
+}
+
+type kernelCryptoInfo struct {
+	version     uint16
+	cipher_type kernelCryptoCipherType
+}
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoAES128GCM{}
+
+type kernelCryptoAES128GCM struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoAES128GCM) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_128
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoAES256GCM{}
+
+type kernelCryptoAES256GCM struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoAES256GCM) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_AES_GCM_256
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoAES128CCM{}
+
+type kernelCryptoAES128CCM struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoAES128CCM) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_AES_CCM_128
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoChacha20Poly1035{}
+
+type kernelCryptoChacha20Poly1035 struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoChacha20Poly1035) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_CHACHA20_POLY1305
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+// var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoSM4GCM{}
+
+// type kernelCryptoSM4GCM struct {
+// 	kernelCryptoInfo
+// 	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_IV_SIZE]byte
+// 	key     [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_KEY_SIZE]byte
+// 	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_SALT_SIZE]byte
+// 	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+// }
+
+// func (crypto *kernelCryptoSM4GCM) String() string {
+// 	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_SM4_GCM
+// 	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+// }
+
+// var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoSM4CCM{}
+
+// type kernelCryptoSM4CCM struct {
+// 	kernelCryptoInfo
+// 	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_IV_SIZE]byte
+// 	key     [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_KEY_SIZE]byte
+// 	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_SALT_SIZE]byte
+// 	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+// }
+
+// func (crypto *kernelCryptoSM4CCM) String() string {
+// 	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_SM4_CCM
+// 	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+// }
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoARIA128GCM{}
+
+type kernelCryptoARIA128GCM struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoARIA128GCM) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_128
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+var _ kernelCrypto = &kernelCryptoARIA256GCM{}
+
+type kernelCryptoARIA256GCM struct {
+	kernelCryptoInfo
+	iv      [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_IV_SIZE]byte
+	key     [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_KEY_SIZE]byte
+	salt    [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_SALT_SIZE]byte
+	rec_seq [TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256_REC_SEQ_SIZE]byte
+}
+
+func (crypto *kernelCryptoARIA256GCM) String() string {
+	crypto.cipher_type = TLS_CIPHER_ARIA_GCM_256
+	return string((*[unsafe.Sizeof(*crypto)]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(crypto))[:])
+}
+
+func kernelCipher(kernel *Support, hc *badtls.RawHalfConn, cipherSuite uint16, isRX bool) kernelCrypto {
+	if !kernel.TLS {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	switch *hc.Version {
+	case tls.VersionTLS12:
+		if isRX && !kernel.TLS_Version13_RX {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+	case tls.VersionTLS13:
+		if !kernel.TLS_Version13 {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		if isRX && !kernel.TLS_Version13_RX {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var key, iv []byte
+	if *hc.Version == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+		key, iv = trafficKey(cipherSuiteTLS13ByID(cipherSuite), *hc.TrafficSecret)
+		/*if isRX {
+			key, iv = trafficKey(cipherSuiteTLS13ByID(cipherSuite), keyLog.RemoteTrafficSecret)
+		} else {
+			key, iv = trafficKey(cipherSuiteTLS13ByID(cipherSuite), keyLog.TrafficSecret)
+		}*/
+	} else {
+		// csPtr := cipherSuiteByID(cipherSuite)
+		// keysFromMasterSecret(*hc.Version, csPtr, keyLog.Secret, keyLog.Random)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	switch cipherSuite {
+	case tls.TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256:
+		crypto := new(kernelCryptoAES128GCM)
+
+		crypto.version = *hc.Version
+		copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+		copy(crypto.iv[:], iv[4:])
+		copy(crypto.salt[:], iv[:4])
+		crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+
+		return crypto
+	case tls.TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, tls.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384:
+		if !kernel.TLS_AES_256_GCM {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		crypto := new(kernelCryptoAES256GCM)
+
+		crypto.version = *hc.Version
+		copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+		copy(crypto.iv[:], iv[4:])
+		copy(crypto.salt[:], iv[:4])
+		crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+
+		return crypto
+	//case tls.TLS_AES_128_CCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CCM_SHA256:
+	//	if !kernel.TLS_AES_128_CCM {
+	//		return nil
+	//	}
+	//
+	//	crypto := new(kernelCryptoAES128CCM)
+	//
+	//	crypto.version = *hc.Version
+	//	copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+	//	copy(crypto.iv[:], iv[4:])
+	//	copy(crypto.salt[:], iv[:4])
+	//	crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+	//
+	//	return crypto
+	case tls.TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256:
+		if !kernel.TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305 {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		crypto := new(kernelCryptoChacha20Poly1035)
+
+		crypto.version = *hc.Version
+		copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+		copy(crypto.iv[:], iv)
+		crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+
+		return crypto
+	//case tls.TLS_RSA_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_ARIA_128_GCM_SHA256:
+	//	if !kernel.TLS_ARIA_GCM {
+	//		return nil
+	//	}
+	//
+	//	crypto := new(kernelCryptoARIA128GCM)
+	//
+	//	crypto.version = *hc.Version
+	//	copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+	//	copy(crypto.iv[:], iv[4:])
+	//	copy(crypto.salt[:], iv[:4])
+	//	crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+	//
+	//	return crypto
+	//case tls.TLS_RSA_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384, tls.TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384, tls.TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_ARIA_256_GCM_SHA384:
+	//	if !kernel.TLS_ARIA_GCM {
+	//		return nil
+	//	}
+	//
+	//	crypto := new(kernelCryptoARIA256GCM)
+	//
+	//	crypto.version = *hc.Version
+	//	copy(crypto.key[:], key)
+	//	copy(crypto.iv[:], iv[4:])
+	//	copy(crypto.salt[:], iv[:4])
+	//	crypto.rec_seq = *hc.Seq
+	//
+	//	return crypto
+	default:
+		return nil
+	}
+}

common/ktls/ktls_close.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && !without_badtls
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) Close() error {
+	if !c.kernelTx {
+		return c.Conn.Close()
+	}
+
+	// Interlock with Conn.Write above.
+	var x int32
+	for {
+		x = c.rawConn.ActiveCall.Load()
+		if x&1 != 0 {
+			return net.ErrClosed
+		}
+		if c.rawConn.ActiveCall.CompareAndSwap(x, x|1) {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if x != 0 {
+		// io.Writer and io.Closer should not be used concurrently.
+		// If Close is called while a Write is currently in-flight,
+		// interpret that as a sign that this Close is really just
+		// being used to break the Write and/or clean up resources and
+		// avoid sending the alertCloseNotify, which may block
+		// waiting on handshakeMutex or the c.out mutex.
+		return c.conn.Close()
+	}
+
+	var alertErr error
+	if c.rawConn.IsHandshakeComplete.Load() {
+		if err := c.closeNotify(); err != nil {
+			alertErr = fmt.Errorf("tls: failed to send closeNotify alert (but connection was closed anyway): %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := c.conn.Close(); err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return alertErr
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) closeNotify() error {
+	c.rawConn.Out.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.Out.Unlock()
+
+	if !*c.rawConn.CloseNotifySent {
+		// Set a Write Deadline to prevent possibly blocking forever.
+		c.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Second * 5))
+		*c.rawConn.CloseNotifyErr = c.sendAlertLocked(alertCloseNotify)
+		*c.rawConn.CloseNotifySent = true
+		// Any subsequent writes will fail.
+		c.SetWriteDeadline(time.Now())
+	}
+	return *c.rawConn.CloseNotifyErr
+}

common/ktls/ktls_const.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && !without_badtls
+
+package ktls
+
+const (
+	maxPlaintext               = 16384        // maximum plaintext payload length
+	maxCiphertext              = 16384 + 2048 // maximum ciphertext payload length
+	maxCiphertextTLS13         = 16384 + 256  // maximum ciphertext length in TLS 1.3
+	recordHeaderLen            = 5            // record header length
+	maxHandshake               = 65536        // maximum handshake we support (protocol max is 16 MB)
+	maxHandshakeCertificateMsg = 262144       // maximum certificate message size (256 KiB)
+	maxUselessRecords          = 16           // maximum number of consecutive non-advancing records
+)
+
+const (
+	recordTypeChangeCipherSpec = 20
+	recordTypeAlert            = 21
+	recordTypeHandshake        = 22
+	recordTypeApplicationData  = 23
+)

common/ktls/ktls_handshake_messages.go

@@ -0,0 +1,238 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && !without_badtls
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+
+	"golang.org/x/crypto/cryptobyte"
+)
+
+// The marshalingFunction type is an adapter to allow the use of ordinary
+// functions as cryptobyte.MarshalingValue.
+type marshalingFunction func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) error
+
+func (f marshalingFunction) Marshal(b *cryptobyte.Builder) error {
+	return f(b)
+}
+
+// addBytesWithLength appends a sequence of bytes to the cryptobyte.Builder. If
+// the length of the sequence is not the value specified, it produces an error.
+func addBytesWithLength(b *cryptobyte.Builder, v []byte, n int) {
+	b.AddValue(marshalingFunction(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) error {
+		if len(v) != n {
+			return fmt.Errorf("invalid value length: expected %d, got %d", n, len(v))
+		}
+		b.AddBytes(v)
+		return nil
+	}))
+}
+
+// addUint64 appends a big-endian, 64-bit value to the cryptobyte.Builder.
+func addUint64(b *cryptobyte.Builder, v uint64) {
+	b.AddUint32(uint32(v >> 32))
+	b.AddUint32(uint32(v))
+}
+
+// readUint64 decodes a big-endian, 64-bit value into out and advances over it.
+// It reports whether the read was successful.
+func readUint64(s *cryptobyte.String, out *uint64) bool {
+	var hi, lo uint32
+	if !s.ReadUint32(&hi) || !s.ReadUint32(&lo) {
+		return false
+	}
+	*out = uint64(hi)<<32 | uint64(lo)
+	return true
+}
+
+// readUint8LengthPrefixed acts like s.ReadUint8LengthPrefixed, but targets a
+// []byte instead of a cryptobyte.String.
+func readUint8LengthPrefixed(s *cryptobyte.String, out *[]byte) bool {
+	return s.ReadUint8LengthPrefixed((*cryptobyte.String)(out))
+}
+
+// readUint16LengthPrefixed acts like s.ReadUint16LengthPrefixed, but targets a
+// []byte instead of a cryptobyte.String.
+func readUint16LengthPrefixed(s *cryptobyte.String, out *[]byte) bool {
+	return s.ReadUint16LengthPrefixed((*cryptobyte.String)(out))
+}
+
+// readUint24LengthPrefixed acts like s.ReadUint24LengthPrefixed, but targets a
+// []byte instead of a cryptobyte.String.
+func readUint24LengthPrefixed(s *cryptobyte.String, out *[]byte) bool {
+	return s.ReadUint24LengthPrefixed((*cryptobyte.String)(out))
+}
+
+type keyUpdateMsg struct {
+	updateRequested bool
+}
+
+func (m *keyUpdateMsg) marshal() ([]byte, error) {
+	var b cryptobyte.Builder
+	b.AddUint8(typeKeyUpdate)
+	b.AddUint24LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+		if m.updateRequested {
+			b.AddUint8(1)
+		} else {
+			b.AddUint8(0)
+		}
+	})
+
+	return b.Bytes()
+}
+
+func (m *keyUpdateMsg) unmarshal(data []byte) bool {
+	s := cryptobyte.String(data)
+
+	var updateRequested uint8
+	if !s.Skip(4) || // message type and uint24 length field
+		!s.ReadUint8(&updateRequested) || !s.Empty() {
+		return false
+	}
+	switch updateRequested {
+	case 0:
+		m.updateRequested = false
+	case 1:
+		m.updateRequested = true
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+	return true
+}
+
+// TLS handshake message types.
+const (
+	typeHelloRequest          uint8 = 0
+	typeClientHello           uint8 = 1
+	typeServerHello           uint8 = 2
+	typeNewSessionTicket      uint8 = 4
+	typeEndOfEarlyData        uint8 = 5
+	typeEncryptedExtensions   uint8 = 8
+	typeCertificate           uint8 = 11
+	typeServerKeyExchange     uint8 = 12
+	typeCertificateRequest    uint8 = 13
+	typeServerHelloDone       uint8 = 14
+	typeCertificateVerify     uint8 = 15
+	typeClientKeyExchange     uint8 = 16
+	typeFinished              uint8 = 20
+	typeCertificateStatus     uint8 = 22
+	typeKeyUpdate             uint8 = 24
+	typeCompressedCertificate uint8 = 25
+	typeMessageHash           uint8 = 254 // synthetic message
+)
+
+// TLS compression types.
+const (
+	compressionNone uint8 = 0
+)
+
+// TLS extension numbers
+const (
+	extensionServerName              uint16 = 0
+	extensionStatusRequest           uint16 = 5
+	extensionSupportedCurves         uint16 = 10 // supported_groups in TLS 1.3, see RFC 8446, Section 4.2.7
+	extensionSupportedPoints         uint16 = 11
+	extensionSignatureAlgorithms     uint16 = 13
+	extensionALPN                    uint16 = 16
+	extensionSCT                     uint16 = 18
+	extensionPadding                 uint16 = 21
+	extensionExtendedMasterSecret    uint16 = 23
+	extensionCompressCertificate     uint16 = 27 // compress_certificate in TLS 1.3
+	extensionSessionTicket           uint16 = 35
+	extensionPreSharedKey            uint16 = 41
+	extensionEarlyData               uint16 = 42
+	extensionSupportedVersions       uint16 = 43
+	extensionCookie                  uint16 = 44
+	extensionPSKModes                uint16 = 45
+	extensionCertificateAuthorities  uint16 = 47
+	extensionSignatureAlgorithmsCert uint16 = 50
+	extensionKeyShare                uint16 = 51
+	extensionQUICTransportParameters uint16 = 57
+	extensionALPS                    uint16 = 17513
+	extensionRenegotiationInfo       uint16 = 0xff01
+	extensionECHOuterExtensions      uint16 = 0xfd00
+	extensionEncryptedClientHello    uint16 = 0xfe0d
+)
+
+type handshakeMessage interface {
+	marshal() ([]byte, error)
+	unmarshal([]byte) bool
+}
+type newSessionTicketMsgTLS13 struct {
+	lifetime     uint32
+	ageAdd       uint32
+	nonce        []byte
+	label        []byte
+	maxEarlyData uint32
+}
+
+func (m *newSessionTicketMsgTLS13) marshal() ([]byte, error) {
+	var b cryptobyte.Builder
+	b.AddUint8(typeNewSessionTicket)
+	b.AddUint24LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+		b.AddUint32(m.lifetime)
+		b.AddUint32(m.ageAdd)
+		b.AddUint8LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+			b.AddBytes(m.nonce)
+		})
+		b.AddUint16LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+			b.AddBytes(m.label)
+		})
+
+		b.AddUint16LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+			if m.maxEarlyData > 0 {
+				b.AddUint16(extensionEarlyData)
+				b.AddUint16LengthPrefixed(func(b *cryptobyte.Builder) {
+					b.AddUint32(m.maxEarlyData)
+				})
+			}
+		})
+	})
+
+	return b.Bytes()
+}
+
+func (m *newSessionTicketMsgTLS13) unmarshal(data []byte) bool {
+	*m = newSessionTicketMsgTLS13{}
+	s := cryptobyte.String(data)
+
+	var extensions cryptobyte.String
+	if !s.Skip(4) || // message type and uint24 length field
+		!s.ReadUint32(&m.lifetime) ||
+		!s.ReadUint32(&m.ageAdd) ||
+		!readUint8LengthPrefixed(&s, &m.nonce) ||
+		!readUint16LengthPrefixed(&s, &m.label) ||
+		!s.ReadUint16LengthPrefixed(&extensions) ||
+		!s.Empty() {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	for !extensions.Empty() {
+		var extension uint16
+		var extData cryptobyte.String
+		if !extensions.ReadUint16(&extension) ||
+			!extensions.ReadUint16LengthPrefixed(&extData) {
+			return false
+		}
+
+		switch extension {
+		case extensionEarlyData:
+			if !extData.ReadUint32(&m.maxEarlyData) {
+				return false
+			}
+		default:
+			// Ignore unknown extensions.
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if !extData.Empty() {
+			return false
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true
+}

common/ktls/ktls_key_update.go

@@ -0,0 +1,173 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && !without_badtls
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+)
+
+// handlePostHandshakeMessage processes a handshake message arrived after the
+// handshake is complete. Up to TLS 1.2, it indicates the start of a renegotiation.
+func (c *Conn) handlePostHandshakeMessage() error {
+	if *c.rawConn.Vers != tls.VersionTLS13 {
+		return errors.New("ktls: kernel does not support TLS 1.2 renegotiation")
+	}
+
+	msg, err := c.readHandshake(nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	//c.retryCount++
+	//if c.retryCount > maxUselessRecords {
+	//	c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage)
+	//	return c.in.setErrorLocked(errors.New("tls: too many non-advancing records"))
+	//}
+
+	switch msg := msg.(type) {
+	case *newSessionTicketMsgTLS13:
+		// return errors.New("ktls: received new session ticket")
+		return nil
+	case *keyUpdateMsg:
+		return c.handleKeyUpdate(msg)
+	}
+	// The QUIC layer is supposed to treat an unexpected post-handshake CertificateRequest
+	// as a QUIC-level PROTOCOL_VIOLATION error (RFC 9001, Section 4.4). Returning an
+	// unexpected_message alert here doesn't provide it with enough information to distinguish
+	// this condition from other unexpected messages. This is probably fine.
+	c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage)
+	return fmt.Errorf("tls: received unexpected handshake message of type %T", msg)
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) handleKeyUpdate(keyUpdate *keyUpdateMsg) error {
+	//if c.quic != nil {
+	//	c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage)
+	//	return c.in.setErrorLocked(errors.New("tls: received unexpected key update message"))
+	//}
+
+	cipherSuite := cipherSuiteTLS13ByID(*c.rawConn.CipherSuite)
+	if cipherSuite == nil {
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertInternalError))
+	}
+
+	newSecret := nextTrafficSecret(cipherSuite, *c.rawConn.In.TrafficSecret)
+	c.rawConn.In.SetTrafficSecret(cipherSuite, 0 /*tls.QUICEncryptionLevelInitial*/, newSecret)
+
+	err := c.resetupRX()
+	if err != nil {
+		c.sendAlert(alertInternalError)
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(fmt.Errorf("ktls: resetupRX failed: %w", err))
+	}
+
+	if keyUpdate.updateRequested {
+		c.rawConn.Out.Lock()
+		defer c.rawConn.Out.Unlock()
+
+		resetup, err := c.resetupTX()
+		if err != nil {
+			c.sendAlertLocked(alertInternalError)
+			return c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(fmt.Errorf("ktls: resetupTX failed: %w", err))
+		}
+
+		msg := &keyUpdateMsg{}
+		msgBytes, err := msg.marshal()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = c.writeRecordLocked(recordTypeHandshake, msgBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			// Surface the error at the next write.
+			c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(err)
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		newSecret := nextTrafficSecret(cipherSuite, *c.rawConn.Out.TrafficSecret)
+		c.rawConn.Out.SetTrafficSecret(cipherSuite, 0 /*QUICEncryptionLevelInitial*/, newSecret)
+
+		err = resetup()
+		if err != nil {
+			return c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(fmt.Errorf("ktls: resetupTX failed: %w", err))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) readHandshakeBytes(n int) error {
+	//if c.quic != nil {
+	//	return c.quicReadHandshakeBytes(n)
+	//}
+	for c.rawConn.Hand.Len() < n {
+		if err := c.readRecord(); err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) readHandshake(transcript io.Writer) (any, error) {
+	if err := c.readHandshakeBytes(4); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	data := c.rawConn.Hand.Bytes()
+
+	maxHandshakeSize := maxHandshake
+	// hasVers indicates we're past the first message, forcing someone trying to
+	// make us just allocate a large buffer to at least do the initial part of
+	// the handshake first.
+	//if c.haveVers && data[0] == typeCertificate {
+	// Since certificate messages are likely to be the only messages that
+	// can be larger than maxHandshake, we use a special limit for just
+	// those messages.
+	//maxHandshakeSize = maxHandshakeCertificateMsg
+	//}
+
+	n := int(data[1])<<16 | int(data[2])<<8 | int(data[3])
+	if n > maxHandshakeSize {
+		c.sendAlertLocked(alertInternalError)
+		return nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(fmt.Errorf("tls: handshake message of length %d bytes exceeds maximum of %d bytes", n, maxHandshakeSize))
+	}
+	if err := c.readHandshakeBytes(4 + n); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	data = c.rawConn.Hand.Next(4 + n)
+	return c.unmarshalHandshakeMessage(data, transcript)
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) unmarshalHandshakeMessage(data []byte, transcript io.Writer) (any, error) {
+	var m handshakeMessage
+	switch data[0] {
+	case typeNewSessionTicket:
+		if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+			m = new(newSessionTicketMsgTLS13)
+		} else {
+			return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+		}
+	case typeKeyUpdate:
+		m = new(keyUpdateMsg)
+	default:
+		return nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+	}
+
+	// The handshake message unmarshalers
+	// expect to be able to keep references to data,
+	// so pass in a fresh copy that won't be overwritten.
+	data = append([]byte(nil), data...)
+
+	if !m.unmarshal(data) {
+		return nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertDecodeError))
+	}
+
+	if transcript != nil {
+		transcript.Write(data)
+	}
+
+	return m, nil
+}

common/ktls/ktls_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && !without_badtls
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"io"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/badversion"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/shell"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+// mod from https://gitlab.com/go-extension/tls
+
+const (
+	TLS_TX               = 1
+	TLS_RX               = 2
+	TLS_TX_ZEROCOPY_RO   = 3 // TX zerocopy (only sendfile now)
+	TLS_RX_EXPECT_NO_PAD = 4 // Attempt opportunistic zero-copy, TLS 1.3 only
+
+	TLS_SET_RECORD_TYPE = 1
+	TLS_GET_RECORD_TYPE = 2
+)
+
+type Support struct {
+	TLS, TLS_RX                     bool
+	TLS_Version13, TLS_Version13_RX bool
+
+	TLS_TX_ZEROCOPY  bool
+	TLS_RX_NOPADDING bool
+
+	TLS_AES_256_GCM       bool
+	TLS_AES_128_CCM       bool
+	TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305 bool
+	TLS_SM4               bool
+	TLS_ARIA_GCM          bool
+
+	TLS_Version13_KeyUpdate bool
+}
+
+var KernelSupport = sync.OnceValues(func() (*Support, error) {
+	var uname unix.Utsname
+	err := unix.Uname(&uname)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	kernelVersion := badversion.Parse(strings.Trim(string(uname.Release[:]), "\x00"))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var support Support
+	switch {
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 6, Minor: 14}):
+		support.TLS_Version13_KeyUpdate = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 6, Minor: 1}):
+		support.TLS_ARIA_GCM = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 6}):
+		support.TLS_Version13_RX = true
+		support.TLS_RX_NOPADDING = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 5, Minor: 19}):
+		support.TLS_TX_ZEROCOPY = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 5, Minor: 16}):
+		support.TLS_SM4 = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 5, Minor: 11}):
+		support.TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305 = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 5, Minor: 2}):
+		support.TLS_AES_128_CCM = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 5, Minor: 1}):
+		support.TLS_AES_256_GCM = true
+		support.TLS_Version13 = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 4, Minor: 17}):
+		support.TLS_RX = true
+		fallthrough
+	case kernelVersion.GreaterThanOrEqual(badversion.Version{Major: 4, Minor: 13}):
+		support.TLS = true
+	}
+
+	if support.TLS && support.TLS_Version13 {
+		_, err := os.Stat("/sys/module/tls")
+		if err != nil {
+			if os.Getuid() == 0 {
+				output, err := shell.Exec("modprobe", "tls").Read()
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, E.Extend(E.Cause(err, "modprobe tls"), output)
+				}
+			} else {
+				return nil, E.New("ktls: kernel TLS module not loaded")
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &support, nil
+})
+
+func Load() error {
+	support, err := KernelSupport()
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "ktls: check availability")
+	}
+	if !support.TLS || !support.TLS_Version13 {
+		return E.New("ktls: kernel does not support TLS 1.3")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) setupKernel(txOffload, rxOffload bool) error {
+	if !txOffload && !rxOffload {
+		return os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	support, err := KernelSupport()
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "check availability")
+	}
+	if !support.TLS || !support.TLS_Version13 {
+		return E.New("kernel does not support TLS 1.3")
+	}
+	c.rawConn.Out.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.Out.Unlock()
+	err = control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+		return syscall.SetsockoptString(int(fd), unix.SOL_TCP, unix.TCP_ULP, "tls")
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return os.NewSyscallError("setsockopt", err)
+	}
+
+	if txOffload {
+		txCrypto := kernelCipher(support, c.rawConn.Out, *c.rawConn.CipherSuite, false)
+		if txCrypto == nil {
+			return E.New("unsupported cipher suite")
+		}
+		err = control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+			return syscall.SetsockoptString(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, txCrypto.String())
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if support.TLS_TX_ZEROCOPY {
+			err = control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+				return syscall.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_TX_ZEROCOPY_RO, 1)
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		c.kernelTx = true
+		c.logger.DebugContext(c.ctx, "ktls: kernel TLS TX enabled")
+	}
+
+	if rxOffload {
+		rxCrypto := kernelCipher(support, c.rawConn.In, *c.rawConn.CipherSuite, true)
+		if rxCrypto == nil {
+			return E.New("unsupported cipher suite")
+		}
+		err = control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+			return syscall.SetsockoptString(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, rxCrypto.String())
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if *c.rawConn.Vers >= tls.VersionTLS13 && support.TLS_RX_NOPADDING {
+			err = control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+				return syscall.SetsockoptInt(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_RX_EXPECT_NO_PAD, 1)
+			})
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		c.kernelRx = true
+		c.logger.DebugContext(c.ctx, "ktls: kernel TLS RX enabled")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) resetupTX() (func() error, error) {
+	if !c.kernelTx {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	support, err := KernelSupport()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if !support.TLS_Version13_KeyUpdate {
+		return nil, errors.New("ktls: kernel does not support rekey")
+	}
+	txCrypto := kernelCipher(support, c.rawConn.Out, *c.rawConn.CipherSuite, false)
+	if txCrypto == nil {
+		return nil, errors.New("ktls: set kernelCipher on unsupported tls session")
+	}
+	return func() error {
+		return control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+			return syscall.SetsockoptString(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_TX, txCrypto.String())
+		})
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) resetupRX() error {
+	if !c.kernelRx {
+		return nil
+	}
+	support, err := KernelSupport()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	if !support.TLS_Version13_KeyUpdate {
+		return errors.New("ktls: kernel does not support rekey")
+	}
+	rxCrypto := kernelCipher(support, c.rawConn.In, *c.rawConn.CipherSuite, true)
+	if rxCrypto == nil {
+		return errors.New("ktls: set kernelCipher on unsupported tls session")
+	}
+	return control.Raw(c.rawSyscallConn, func(fd uintptr) error {
+		return syscall.SetsockoptString(int(fd), unix.SOL_TLS, TLS_RX, rxCrypto.String())
+	})
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) readKernelRecord() (uint8, []byte, error) {
+	if c.rawConn.RawInput.Len() < maxPlaintext {
+		c.rawConn.RawInput.Grow(maxPlaintext - c.rawConn.RawInput.Len())
+	}
+
+	data := c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes()[:maxPlaintext]
+
+	// cmsg for record type
+	buffer := make([]byte, unix.CmsgSpace(1))
+	cmsg := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&buffer[0]))
+	cmsg.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(1))
+
+	var iov unix.Iovec
+	iov.Base = &data[0]
+	iov.SetLen(len(data))
+
+	var msg unix.Msghdr
+	msg.Control = &buffer[0]
+	msg.Controllen = cmsg.Len
+	msg.Iov = &iov
+	msg.Iovlen = 1
+
+	var n int
+	var err error
+	er := c.rawSyscallConn.Read(func(fd uintptr) bool {
+		n, err = recvmsg(int(fd), &msg, 0)
+		return err != unix.EAGAIN || c.pendingRxSplice
+	})
+	if er != nil {
+		return 0, nil, er
+	}
+	switch err {
+	case nil:
+	case syscall.EINVAL, syscall.EAGAIN:
+		return 0, nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertProtocolVersion))
+	case syscall.EMSGSIZE:
+		return 0, nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertRecordOverflow))
+	case syscall.EBADMSG:
+		return 0, nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertDecryptError))
+	default:
+		return 0, nil, err
+	}
+
+	if n <= 0 {
+		return 0, nil, c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(io.EOF)
+	}
+
+	if cmsg.Level == unix.SOL_TLS && cmsg.Type == TLS_GET_RECORD_TYPE {
+		typ := buffer[unix.CmsgLen(0)]
+		return typ, data[:n], nil
+	}
+
+	return recordTypeApplicationData, data[:n], nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) writeKernelRecord(typ uint16, data []byte) (int, error) {
+	if typ == recordTypeApplicationData {
+		return c.conn.Write(data)
+	}
+
+	// cmsg for record type
+	buffer := make([]byte, unix.CmsgSpace(1))
+	cmsg := (*unix.Cmsghdr)(unsafe.Pointer(&buffer[0]))
+	cmsg.SetLen(unix.CmsgLen(1))
+	buffer[unix.CmsgLen(0)] = byte(typ)
+	cmsg.Level = unix.SOL_TLS
+	cmsg.Type = TLS_SET_RECORD_TYPE
+
+	var iov unix.Iovec
+	iov.Base = &data[0]
+	iov.SetLen(len(data))
+
+	var msg unix.Msghdr
+	msg.Control = &buffer[0]
+	msg.Controllen = cmsg.Len
+	msg.Iov = &iov
+	msg.Iovlen = 1
+
+	var n int
+	var err error
+	ew := c.rawSyscallConn.Write(func(fd uintptr) bool {
+		n, err = sendmsg(int(fd), &msg, 0)
+		return err != unix.EAGAIN
+	})
+	if ew != nil {
+		return 0, ew
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
+//go:linkname recvmsg golang.org/x/sys/unix.recvmsg
+func recvmsg(fd int, msg *unix.Msghdr, flags int) (n int, err error)
+
+//go:linkname sendmsg golang.org/x/sys/unix.sendmsg
+func sendmsg(fd int, msg *unix.Msghdr, flags int) (n int, err error)

common/ktls/ktls_prf.go

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && !without_badtls
+
+package ktls
+
+import "unsafe"
+
+//go:linkname cipherSuiteByID github.com/metacubex/utls.cipherSuiteByID
+func cipherSuiteByID(id uint16) unsafe.Pointer
+
+//go:linkname keysFromMasterSecret github.com/metacubex/utls.keysFromMasterSecret
+func keysFromMasterSecret(version uint16, suite unsafe.Pointer, masterSecret, clientRandom, serverRandom []byte, macLen, keyLen, ivLen int) (clientMAC, serverMAC, clientKey, serverKey, clientIV, serverIV []byte)
+
+//go:linkname cipherSuiteTLS13ByID github.com/metacubex/utls.cipherSuiteTLS13ByID
+func cipherSuiteTLS13ByID(id uint16) unsafe.Pointer
+
+//go:linkname nextTrafficSecret github.com/metacubex/utls.(*cipherSuiteTLS13).nextTrafficSecret
+func nextTrafficSecret(cs unsafe.Pointer, trafficSecret []byte) []byte
+
+//go:linkname trafficKey github.com/metacubex/utls.(*cipherSuiteTLS13).trafficKey
+func trafficKey(cs unsafe.Pointer, trafficSecret []byte) (key, iv []byte)

common/ktls/ktls_read.go

@@ -0,0 +1,292 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && !without_badtls
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"bytes"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	if !c.kernelRx {
+		return c.Conn.Read(b)
+	}
+
+	if len(b) == 0 {
+		// Put this after Handshake, in case people were calling
+		// Read(nil) for the side effect of the Handshake.
+		return 0, nil
+	}
+
+	c.rawConn.In.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.In.Unlock()
+
+	for c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 {
+		if err := c.readRecord(); err != nil {
+			return 0, err
+		}
+		for c.rawConn.Hand.Len() > 0 {
+			if err := c.handlePostHandshakeMessage(); err != nil {
+				return 0, err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	n, _ := c.rawConn.Input.Read(b)
+
+	// If a close-notify alert is waiting, read it so that we can return (n,
+	// EOF) instead of (n, nil), to signal to the HTTP response reading
+	// goroutine that the connection is now closed. This eliminates a race
+	// where the HTTP response reading goroutine would otherwise not observe
+	// the EOF until its next read, by which time a client goroutine might
+	// have already tried to reuse the HTTP connection for a new request.
+	// See https://golang.org/cl/76400046 and https://golang.org/issue/3514
+	if n != 0 && c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 && c.rawConn.RawInput.Len() > 0 &&
+		c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes()[0] == recordTypeAlert {
+		if err := c.readRecord(); err != nil {
+			return n, err // will be io.EOF on closeNotify
+		}
+	}
+
+	return n, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) readRecord() error {
+	if *c.rawConn.In.Err != nil {
+		return *c.rawConn.In.Err
+	}
+
+	typ, data, err := c.readRawRecord()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	if len(data) > maxPlaintext {
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertRecordOverflow))
+	}
+
+	// Application Data messages are always protected.
+	if c.rawConn.In.Cipher == nil && typ == recordTypeApplicationData {
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+	}
+
+	//if typ != recordTypeAlert && typ != recordTypeChangeCipherSpec && len(data) > 0 {
+	// This is a state-advancing message: reset the retry count.
+	// c.retryCount = 0
+	//}
+
+	// Handshake messages MUST NOT be interleaved with other record types in TLS 1.3.
+	if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 && typ != recordTypeHandshake && c.rawConn.Hand.Len() > 0 {
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+	}
+
+	switch typ {
+	default:
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+	case recordTypeAlert:
+		//if c.quic != nil {
+		//	return c.rawConn.In.setErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		//}
+		if len(data) != 2 {
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		}
+		if data[1] == alertCloseNotify {
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(io.EOF)
+		}
+		if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+			// TLS 1.3 removed warning-level alerts except for alertUserCanceled
+			// (RFC 8446, § 6.1). Since at least one major implementation
+			// (https://bugs.openjdk.org/browse/JDK-8323517) misuses this alert,
+			// many TLS stacks now ignore it outright when seen in a TLS 1.3
+			// handshake (e.g. BoringSSL, NSS, Rustls).
+			if data[1] == alertUserCanceled {
+				// Like TLS 1.2 alertLevelWarning alerts, we drop the record and retry.
+				return c.retryReadRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec*/ )
+			}
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(&net.OpError{Op: "remote error", Err: tls.AlertError(data[1])})
+		}
+		switch data[0] {
+		case alertLevelWarning:
+			// Drop the record on the floor and retry.
+			return c.retryReadRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec*/ )
+		case alertLevelError:
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(&net.OpError{Op: "remote error", Err: tls.AlertError(data[1])})
+		default:
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		}
+
+	case recordTypeChangeCipherSpec:
+		if len(data) != 1 || data[0] != 1 {
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertDecodeError))
+		}
+		// Handshake messages are not allowed to fragment across the CCS.
+		if c.rawConn.Hand.Len() > 0 {
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		}
+		// In TLS 1.3, change_cipher_spec records are ignored until the
+		// Finished. See RFC 8446, Appendix D.4. Note that according to Section
+		// 5, a server can send a ChangeCipherSpec before its ServerHello, when
+		// c.vers is still unset. That's not useful though and suspicious if the
+		// server then selects a lower protocol version, so don't allow that.
+		if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+			return c.retryReadRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec*/ )
+		}
+		// if !expectChangeCipherSpec {
+		return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		//}
+		//if err := c.rawConn.In.changeCipherSpec(); err != nil {
+		//	return c.rawConn.In.setErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(err.(alert)))
+		//}
+
+	case recordTypeApplicationData:
+		// Some OpenSSL servers send empty records in order to randomize the
+		// CBC RawIV. Ignore a limited number of empty records.
+		if len(data) == 0 {
+			return c.retryReadRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec*/ )
+		}
+		// Note that data is owned by c.rawInput, following the Next call above,
+		// to avoid copying the plaintext. This is safe because c.rawInput is
+		// not read from or written to until c.input is drained.
+		c.rawConn.Input.Reset(data)
+	case recordTypeHandshake:
+		if len(data) == 0 {
+			return c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage))
+		}
+		c.rawConn.Hand.Write(data)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+//nolint:staticcheck
+func (c *Conn) readRawRecord() (typ uint8, data []byte, err error) {
+	// Read from kernel.
+	if c.kernelRx {
+		return c.readKernelRecord()
+	}
+
+	// Read header, payload.
+	if err = c.readFromUntil(c.conn, recordHeaderLen); err != nil {
+		// RFC 8446, Section 6.1 suggests that EOF without an alertCloseNotify
+		// is an error, but popular web sites seem to do this, so we accept it
+		// if and only if at the record boundary.
+		if err == io.ErrUnexpectedEOF && c.rawConn.RawInput.Len() == 0 {
+			err = io.EOF
+		}
+		if e, ok := err.(net.Error); !ok || !e.Temporary() {
+			c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+	hdr := c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes()[:recordHeaderLen]
+	typ = hdr[0]
+
+	vers := uint16(hdr[1])<<8 | uint16(hdr[2])
+	expectedVers := *c.rawConn.Vers
+	if expectedVers == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+		// All TLS 1.3 records are expected to have 0x0303 (1.2) after
+		// the initial hello (RFC 8446 Section 5.1).
+		expectedVers = tls.VersionTLS12
+	}
+	n := int(hdr[3])<<8 | int(hdr[4])
+	if /*c.haveVers && */ vers != expectedVers {
+		c.sendAlert(alertProtocolVersion)
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("received record with version %x when expecting version %x", vers, expectedVers)
+		err = c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.newRecordHeaderError(nil, msg))
+		return
+	}
+	//if !c.haveVers {
+	//	// First message, be extra suspicious: this might not be a TLS
+	//	// client. Bail out before reading a full 'body', if possible.
+	//	// The current max version is 3.3 so if the version is >= 16.0,
+	//	// it's probably not real.
+	//	if (typ != recordTypeAlert && typ != recordTypeHandshake) || vers >= 0x1000 {
+	//		err = c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.newRecordHeaderError(c.conn, "first record does not look like a TLS handshake"))
+	//		return
+	//	}
+	//}
+	if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 && n > maxCiphertextTLS13 || n > maxCiphertext {
+		c.sendAlert(alertRecordOverflow)
+		msg := fmt.Sprintf("oversized record received with length %d", n)
+		err = c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.newRecordHeaderError(nil, msg))
+		return
+	}
+	if err = c.readFromUntil(c.conn, recordHeaderLen+n); err != nil {
+		if e, ok := err.(net.Error); !ok || !e.Temporary() {
+			c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(err)
+		}
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Process message.
+	record := c.rawConn.RawInput.Next(recordHeaderLen + n)
+	data, typ, err = c.rawConn.In.Decrypt(record)
+	if err != nil {
+		err = c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(uint8(err.(tls.AlertError))))
+		return
+	}
+	return
+}
+
+// retryReadRecord recurs into readRecordOrCCS to drop a non-advancing record, like
+// a warning alert, empty application_data, or a change_cipher_spec in TLS 1.3.
+func (c *Conn) retryReadRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec bool*/ ) error {
+	//c.retryCount++
+	//if c.retryCount > maxUselessRecords {
+	//	c.sendAlert(alertUnexpectedMessage)
+	//	return c.in.setErrorLocked(errors.New("tls: too many ignored records"))
+	//}
+	return c.readRecord( /*expectChangeCipherSpec*/ )
+}
+
+// atLeastReader reads from R, stopping with EOF once at least N bytes have been
+// read. It is different from an io.LimitedReader in that it doesn't cut short
+// the last Read call, and in that it considers an early EOF an error.
+type atLeastReader struct {
+	R io.Reader
+	N int64
+}
+
+func (r *atLeastReader) Read(p []byte) (int, error) {
+	if r.N <= 0 {
+		return 0, io.EOF
+	}
+	n, err := r.R.Read(p)
+	r.N -= int64(n) // won't underflow unless len(p) >= n > 9223372036854775809
+	if r.N > 0 && err == io.EOF {
+		return n, io.ErrUnexpectedEOF
+	}
+	if r.N <= 0 && err == nil {
+		return n, io.EOF
+	}
+	return n, err
+}
+
+// readFromUntil reads from r into c.rawConn.RawInput until c.rawConn.RawInput contains
+// at least n bytes or else returns an error.
+func (c *Conn) readFromUntil(r io.Reader, n int) error {
+	if c.rawConn.RawInput.Len() >= n {
+		return nil
+	}
+	needs := n - c.rawConn.RawInput.Len()
+	// There might be extra input waiting on the wire. Make a best effort
+	// attempt to fetch it so that it can be used in (*Conn).Read to
+	// "predict" closeNotify alerts.
+	c.rawConn.RawInput.Grow(needs + bytes.MinRead)
+	_, err := c.rawConn.RawInput.ReadFrom(&atLeastReader{r, int64(needs)})
+	return err
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) newRecordHeaderError(conn net.Conn, msg string) (err tls.RecordHeaderError) {
+	err.Msg = msg
+	err.Conn = conn
+	copy(err.RecordHeader[:], c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes())
+	return err
+}

common/ktls/ktls_read_wait.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && !without_badtls
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) InitializeReadWaiter(options N.ReadWaitOptions) (needCopy bool) {
+	c.readWaitOptions = options
+	return false
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) WaitReadBuffer() (buffer *buf.Buffer, err error) {
+	c.rawConn.In.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.In.Unlock()
+	for c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 {
+		err = c.readRecord()
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+	}
+	buffer = c.readWaitOptions.NewBuffer()
+	n, err := c.rawConn.Input.Read(buffer.FreeBytes())
+	if err != nil {
+		buffer.Release()
+		return
+	}
+	buffer.Truncate(n)
+	if n != 0 && c.rawConn.Input.Len() == 0 && c.rawConn.Input.Len() > 0 &&
+		c.rawConn.RawInput.Bytes()[0] == recordTypeAlert {
+		_ = c.rawConn.ReadRecord()
+	}
+	c.readWaitOptions.PostReturn(buffer)
+	return
+}

common/ktls/ktls_stub.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build !linux || !go1.25 || without_badtls
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
+)
+
+func NewConn(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, conn aTLS.Conn, txOffload, rxOffload bool) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
+	return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+}

common/ktls/ktls_write.go

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+// Copyright 2009 The Go Authors. All rights reserved.
+// Use of this source code is governed by a BSD-style
+// license that can be found in the LICENSE file.
+
+//go:build linux && go1.25 && !without_badtls
+
+package ktls
+
+import (
+	"crypto/cipher"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) Write(b []byte) (int, error) {
+	if !c.kernelTx {
+		return c.Conn.Write(b)
+	}
+	// interlock with Close below
+	for {
+		x := c.rawConn.ActiveCall.Load()
+		if x&1 != 0 {
+			return 0, net.ErrClosed
+		}
+		if c.rawConn.ActiveCall.CompareAndSwap(x, x+2) {
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	defer c.rawConn.ActiveCall.Add(-2)
+
+	//if err := c.Conn.HandshakeContext(context.Background()); err != nil {
+	//	return 0, err
+	//}
+
+	c.rawConn.Out.Lock()
+	defer c.rawConn.Out.Unlock()
+
+	if err := *c.rawConn.Out.Err; err != nil {
+		return 0, err
+	}
+
+	if !c.rawConn.IsHandshakeComplete.Load() {
+		return 0, tls.AlertError(alertInternalError)
+	}
+
+	if *c.rawConn.CloseNotifySent {
+		// return 0, errShutdown
+		return 0, errors.New("tls: protocol is shutdown")
+	}
+
+	// TLS 1.0 is susceptible to a chosen-plaintext
+	// attack when using block mode ciphers due to predictable IVs.
+	// This can be prevented by splitting each Application Data
+	// record into two records, effectively randomizing the RawIV.
+	//
+	// https://www.openssl.org/~bodo/tls-cbc.txt
+	// https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=665814
+	// https://www.imperialviolet.org/2012/01/15/beastfollowup.html
+
+	var m int
+	if len(b) > 1 && *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS10 {
+		if _, ok := (*c.rawConn.Out.Cipher).(cipher.BlockMode); ok {
+			n, err := c.writeRecordLocked(recordTypeApplicationData, b[:1])
+			if err != nil {
+				return n, c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(err)
+			}
+			m, b = 1, b[1:]
+		}
+	}
+
+	n, err := c.writeRecordLocked(recordTypeApplicationData, b)
+	return n + m, c.rawConn.Out.SetErrorLocked(err)
+}
+
+func (c *Conn) writeRecordLocked(typ uint16, data []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	if !c.kernelTx {
+		return c.rawConn.WriteRecordLocked(typ, data)
+	}
+	/*for len(data) > 0 {
+		m := len(data)
+		if maxPayload := c.maxPayloadSizeForWrite(typ); m > maxPayload {
+			m = maxPayload
+		}
+		_, err = c.writeKernelRecord(typ, data[:m])
+		if err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+		n += m
+		data = data[m:]
+	}*/
+	return c.writeKernelRecord(typ, data)
+}
+
+const (
+	// tcpMSSEstimate is a conservative estimate of the TCP maximum segment
+	// size (MSS). A constant is used, rather than querying the kernel for
+	// the actual MSS, to avoid complexity. The value here is the IPv6
+	// minimum MTU (1280 bytes) minus the overhead of an IPv6 header (40
+	// bytes) and a TCP header with timestamps (32 bytes).
+	tcpMSSEstimate = 1208
+
+	// recordSizeBoostThreshold is the number of bytes of application data
+	// sent after which the TLS record size will be increased to the
+	// maximum.
+	recordSizeBoostThreshold = 128 * 1024
+)
+
+func (c *Conn) maxPayloadSizeForWrite(typ uint16) int {
+	if /*c.config.DynamicRecordSizingDisabled ||*/ typ != recordTypeApplicationData {
+		return maxPlaintext
+	}
+
+	if *c.rawConn.PacketsSent >= recordSizeBoostThreshold {
+		return maxPlaintext
+	}
+
+	// Subtract TLS overheads to get the maximum payload size.
+	payloadBytes := tcpMSSEstimate - recordHeaderLen - c.rawConn.Out.ExplicitNonceLen()
+	if rawCipher := *c.rawConn.Out.Cipher; rawCipher != nil {
+		switch ciph := rawCipher.(type) {
+		case cipher.Stream:
+			payloadBytes -= (*c.rawConn.Out.Mac).Size()
+		case cipher.AEAD:
+			payloadBytes -= ciph.Overhead()
+		/*case cbcMode:
+		blockSize := ciph.BlockSize()
+		// The payload must fit in a multiple of blockSize, with
+		// room for at least one padding byte.
+		payloadBytes = (payloadBytes & ^(blockSize - 1)) - 1
+		// The RawMac is appended before padding so affects the
+		// payload size directly.
+		payloadBytes -= c.out.mac.Size()*/
+		default:
+			panic("unknown cipher type")
+		}
+	}
+	if *c.rawConn.Vers == tls.VersionTLS13 {
+		payloadBytes-- // encrypted ContentType
+	}
+
+	// Allow packet growth in arithmetic progression up to max.
+	pkt := *c.rawConn.PacketsSent
+	*c.rawConn.PacketsSent++
+	if pkt > 1000 {
+		return maxPlaintext // avoid overflow in multiply below
+	}
+
+	n := payloadBytes * int(pkt+1)
+	if n > maxPlaintext {
+		n = maxPlaintext
+	}
+	return n
+}

common/listener/listener.go

@@ -151,7 +151,6 @@ func ListenNetworkNamespace[T any](nameOrPath string, block func() (T, error)) (
 		if err != nil {
 			return common.DefaultValue[T](), E.Cause(err, "get current netns")
 		}
-		defer currentNs.Close()
 		defer netns.Set(currentNs)
 		var targetNs netns.NsHandle
 		if strings.HasPrefix(nameOrPath, "/") {

common/sniff/quic.go

@@ -303,6 +303,8 @@ find:
 	metadata.Protocol = C.ProtocolQUIC
 	fingerprint, err := ja3.Compute(buffer.Bytes())
 	if err != nil {
+		metadata.Protocol = C.ProtocolQUIC
+		metadata.Client = C.ClientChromium
 		metadata.SniffContext = fragments
 		return E.Cause1(ErrNeedMoreData, err)
 	}
@@ -332,7 +334,7 @@ find:
 		}
 
 		if count(frameTypeList, frameTypeCrypto) > 1 || count(frameTypeList, frameTypePing) > 0 {
-			if isQUICGo(fingerprint) {
+			if maybeUQUIC(fingerprint) {
 				metadata.Client = C.ClientQUICGo
 			} else {
 				metadata.Client = C.ClientChromium

common/sniff/quic_blacklist.go

@@ -1,29 +1,21 @@
 package sniff
 
 import (
+	"crypto/tls"
+
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/ja3"
 )
 
-const (
-	// X25519Kyber768Draft00 - post-quantum curve used by Go crypto/tls
-	x25519Kyber768Draft00 uint16 = 0x11EC // 4588
-	// renegotiation_info extension used by Go crypto/tls
-	extensionRenegotiationInfo uint16 = 0xFF01 // 65281
-)
-
-// isQUICGo detects native quic-go by checking for Go crypto/tls specific features.
-// Note: uQUIC with Chromium mimicry cannot be reliably distinguished from real Chromium
-// since it uses the same TLS fingerprint, so it will be identified as Chromium.
-func isQUICGo(fingerprint *ja3.ClientHello) bool {
-	for _, curve := range fingerprint.EllipticCurves {
-		if curve == x25519Kyber768Draft00 {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	for _, ext := range fingerprint.Extensions {
-		if ext == extensionRenegotiationInfo {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-	return false
+// Chromium sends separate client hello packets, but UQUIC has not yet implemented this behavior
+// The cronet without this behavior does not have version 115
+var uQUICChrome115 = &ja3.ClientHello{
+	Version:             tls.VersionTLS12,
+	CipherSuites:        []uint16{4865, 4866, 4867},
+	Extensions:          []uint16{0, 10, 13, 16, 27, 43, 45, 51, 57, 17513},
+	EllipticCurves:      []uint16{29, 23, 24},
+	SignatureAlgorithms: []uint16{1027, 2052, 1025, 1283, 2053, 1281, 2054, 1537, 513},
+}
+
+func maybeUQUIC(fingerprint *ja3.ClientHello) bool {
+	return !uQUICChrome115.Equals(fingerprint, true)
 }

common/sniff/quic_capture_test.go

@@ -1,188 +0,0 @@
-package sniff_test
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"crypto/tls"
-	"encoding/hex"
-	"errors"
-	"net"
-	"testing"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/quic-go"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/sniff"
-
-	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
-)
-
-func TestSniffQUICQuicGoFingerprint(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-	const testSNI = "test.example.com"
-
-	udpConn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 0})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer udpConn.Close()
-
-	serverAddr := udpConn.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr)
-	packetsChan := make(chan [][]byte, 1)
-
-	go func() {
-		var packets [][]byte
-		udpConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second))
-		for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
-			buf := make([]byte, 2048)
-			n, _, err := udpConn.ReadFromUDP(buf)
-			if err != nil {
-				break
-			}
-			packets = append(packets, buf[:n])
-		}
-		packetsChan <- packets
-	}()
-
-	clientConn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 0})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer clientConn.Close()
-
-	tlsConfig := &tls.Config{
-		ServerName:         testSNI,
-		InsecureSkipVerify: true,
-		NextProtos:         []string{"h3"},
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	_, _ = quic.Dial(ctx, clientConn, serverAddr, tlsConfig, &quic.Config{})
-
-	select {
-	case packets := <-packetsChan:
-		t.Logf("Captured %d packets", len(packets))
-
-		var metadata adapter.InboundContext
-		for i, pkt := range packets {
-			err := sniff.QUICClientHello(context.Background(), &metadata, pkt)
-			t.Logf("Packet %d: err=%v, domain=%s, client=%s", i, err, metadata.Domain, metadata.Client)
-			if metadata.Domain != "" {
-				break
-			}
-		}
-
-		t.Logf("\n=== quic-go TLS Fingerprint Analysis ===")
-		t.Logf("Domain: %s", metadata.Domain)
-		t.Logf("Client: %s", metadata.Client)
-		t.Logf("Protocol: %s", metadata.Protocol)
-
-		// The client should be identified as quic-go, not chromium
-		// Current issue: it's being identified as chromium
-		if metadata.Client == "chromium" {
-			t.Log("WARNING: quic-go is being misidentified as chromium!")
-		}
-
-	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("Timeout")
-	}
-}
-
-func TestSniffQUICInitialFromQuicGo(t *testing.T) {
-	t.Parallel()
-
-	const testSNI = "test.example.com"
-
-	// Create UDP listener to capture ALL initial packets
-	udpConn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 0})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer udpConn.Close()
-
-	serverAddr := udpConn.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr)
-
-	// Channel to receive captured packets
-	packetsChan := make(chan [][]byte, 1)
-
-	// Start goroutine to capture packets
-	go func() {
-		var packets [][]byte
-		udpConn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(3 * time.Second))
-		for i := 0; i < 5; i++ { // Capture up to 5 packets
-			buf := make([]byte, 2048)
-			n, _, err := udpConn.ReadFromUDP(buf)
-			if err != nil {
-				break
-			}
-			packets = append(packets, buf[:n])
-		}
-		packetsChan <- packets
-	}()
-
-	// Create QUIC client connection (will fail but we capture the initial packet)
-	clientConn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 0})
-	require.NoError(t, err)
-	defer clientConn.Close()
-
-	tlsConfig := &tls.Config{
-		ServerName:         testSNI,
-		InsecureSkipVerify: true,
-		NextProtos:         []string{"h3"},
-	}
-
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 2*time.Second)
-	defer cancel()
-
-	// This will fail (no server) but sends initial packet
-	_, _ = quic.Dial(ctx, clientConn, serverAddr, tlsConfig, &quic.Config{})
-
-	// Wait for captured packets
-	select {
-	case packets := <-packetsChan:
-		t.Logf("Captured %d QUIC packets", len(packets))
-
-		for i, packet := range packets {
-			t.Logf("Packet %d: length=%d, first 30 bytes: %x", i, len(packet), packet[:min(30, len(packet))])
-		}
-
-		// Test sniffer with first packet
-		if len(packets) > 0 {
-			var metadata adapter.InboundContext
-			err := sniff.QUICClientHello(context.Background(), &metadata, packets[0])
-
-			t.Logf("First packet sniff error: %v", err)
-			t.Logf("Protocol: %s", metadata.Protocol)
-			t.Logf("Domain: %s", metadata.Domain)
-			t.Logf("Client: %s", metadata.Client)
-
-			// If first packet needs more data, try with subsequent packets
-			// IMPORTANT: reuse metadata to accumulate CRYPTO fragments via SniffContext
-			if errors.Is(err, sniff.ErrNeedMoreData) && len(packets) > 1 {
-				t.Log("First packet needs more data, trying subsequent packets with shared context...")
-				for i := 1; i < len(packets); i++ {
-					// Reuse same metadata to accumulate fragments
-					err = sniff.QUICClientHello(context.Background(), &metadata, packets[i])
-					t.Logf("Packet %d sniff result: err=%v, domain=%s, sniffCtx=%v", i, err, metadata.Domain, metadata.SniffContext != nil)
-					if metadata.Domain != "" || (err != nil && !errors.Is(err, sniff.ErrNeedMoreData)) {
-						break
-					}
-				}
-			}
-
-			// Print hex dump for debugging
-			t.Logf("First packet hex:\n%s", hex.Dump(packets[0][:min(256, len(packets[0]))]))
-
-			// Log final results
-			t.Logf("Final: Protocol=%s, Domain=%s, Client=%s", metadata.Protocol, metadata.Domain, metadata.Client)
-
-			// Verify SNI extraction
-			if metadata.Domain == "" {
-				t.Errorf("Failed to extract SNI, expected: %s", testSNI)
-			} else {
-				require.Equal(t, testSNI, metadata.Domain, "SNI should match")
-			}
-
-			// Check client identification - quic-go should be identified as quic-go, not chromium
-			t.Logf("Client identified as: %s (expected: quic-go)", metadata.Client)
-		}
-
-	case <-time.After(5 * time.Second):
-		t.Fatal("Timeout waiting for QUIC packets")
-	}
-}

common/sniff/quic_test.go

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ func TestSniffQUICChromeNew(t *testing.T) {
 	var metadata adapter.InboundContext
 	err = sniff.QUICClientHello(context.Background(), &metadata, pkt)
 	require.Equal(t, metadata.Protocol, C.ProtocolQUIC)
-	require.Empty(t, metadata.Client)
+	require.Equal(t, metadata.Client, C.ClientChromium)
 	require.ErrorIs(t, err, sniff.ErrNeedMoreData)
 	pkt, err = hex.DecodeString("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")
 	require.NoError(t, err)
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ func TestSniffQUICChromium(t *testing.T) {
 	var metadata adapter.InboundContext
 	err = sniff.QUICClientHello(context.Background(), &metadata, pkt)
 	require.Equal(t, metadata.Protocol, C.ProtocolQUIC)
-	require.Empty(t, metadata.Client)
+	require.Equal(t, metadata.Client, C.ClientChromium)
 	require.ErrorIs(t, err, sniff.ErrNeedMoreData)
 	pkt, err = hex.DecodeString("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")
 	require.NoError(t, err)

common/srs/binary.go

@@ -12,6 +12,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/domain"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badjson"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/json/badoption"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 
 	"go4.org/netipx"
@@ -41,6 +43,8 @@ const (
 	ruleItemNetworkType
 	ruleItemNetworkIsExpensive
 	ruleItemNetworkIsConstrained
+	ruleItemNetworkInterfaceAddress
+	ruleItemDefaultInterfaceAddress
 	ruleItemFinal uint8 = 0xFF
 )
 
@@ -230,6 +234,51 @@ func readDefaultRule(reader varbin.Reader, recover bool) (rule option.DefaultHea
 			rule.NetworkIsExpensive = true
 		case ruleItemNetworkIsConstrained:
 			rule.NetworkIsConstrained = true
+		case ruleItemNetworkInterfaceAddress:
+			rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress = new(badjson.TypedMap[option.InterfaceType, badoption.Listable[*badoption.Prefixable]])
+			var size uint64
+			size, err = binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			for i := uint64(0); i < size; i++ {
+				var key uint8
+				err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &key)
+				if err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				var value []*badoption.Prefixable
+				var prefixCount uint64
+				prefixCount, err = binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+				if err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				for j := uint64(0); j < prefixCount; j++ {
+					var prefix netip.Prefix
+					prefix, err = readPrefix(reader)
+					if err != nil {
+						return
+					}
+					value = append(value, common.Ptr(badoption.Prefixable(prefix)))
+				}
+				rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Put(option.InterfaceType(key), value)
+			}
+		case ruleItemDefaultInterfaceAddress:
+			var value []*badoption.Prefixable
+			var prefixCount uint64
+			prefixCount, err = binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+			if err != nil {
+				return
+			}
+			for j := uint64(0); j < prefixCount; j++ {
+				var prefix netip.Prefix
+				prefix, err = readPrefix(reader)
+				if err != nil {
+					return
+				}
+				value = append(value, common.Ptr(badoption.Prefixable(prefix)))
+			}
+			rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress = value
 		case ruleItemFinal:
 			err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &rule.Invert)
 			return
@@ -346,7 +395,7 @@ func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, gen
 	}
 	if len(rule.NetworkType) > 0 {
 		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion3 {
-			return E.New("network_type rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
+			return E.New("`network_type` rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
 		}
 		err = writeRuleItemUint8(writer, ruleItemNetworkType, rule.NetworkType)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -354,17 +403,71 @@ func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, gen
 		}
 	}
 	if rule.NetworkIsExpensive {
+		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion3 {
+			return E.New("`network_is_expensive` rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
+		}
 		err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, ruleItemNetworkIsExpensive)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
 	if rule.NetworkIsConstrained {
+		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion3 {
+			return E.New("`network_is_constrained` rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
+		}
 		err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, ruleItemNetworkIsConstrained)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
 	}
+	if rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress != nil && rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Size() > 0 {
+		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion4 {
+			return E.New("`network_interface_address` rule item is only supported in version 4 or later")
+		}
+		err = writer.WriteByte(ruleItemNetworkInterfaceAddress)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Size()))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, entry := range rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Entries() {
+			err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(entry.Key.Build()))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(entry.Value)))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			for _, rawPrefix := range entry.Value {
+				err = writePrefix(writer, rawPrefix.Build(netip.Prefix{}))
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if len(rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress) > 0 {
+		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion4 {
+			return E.New("`default_interface_address` rule item is only supported in version 4 or later")
+		}
+		err = writer.WriteByte(ruleItemDefaultInterfaceAddress)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		for _, rawPrefix := range rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress {
+			err = writePrefix(writer, rawPrefix.Build(netip.Prefix{}))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	if len(rule.WIFISSID) > 0 {
 		err = writeRuleItemString(writer, ruleItemWIFISSID, rule.WIFISSID)
 		if err != nil {

common/srs/ip_cidr.go

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+package srs
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"net/netip"
+
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
+)
+
+func readPrefix(reader varbin.Reader) (netip.Prefix, error) {
+	addrSlice, err := varbin.ReadValue[[]byte](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, err
+	}
+	prefixBits, err := varbin.ReadValue[uint8](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, err
+	}
+	return netip.PrefixFrom(M.AddrFromIP(addrSlice), int(prefixBits)), nil
+}
+
+func writePrefix(writer varbin.Writer, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
+	err := varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, prefix.Addr().AsSlice())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(prefix.Bits()))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return nil
+}

common/tls/client.go

@@ -2,39 +2,71 @@ package tls
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
 	"net"
 	"os"
 
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/badtls"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
 )
 
-func NewDialerFromOptions(ctx context.Context, router adapter.Router, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (N.Dialer, error) {
+func NewDialerFromOptions(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (N.Dialer, error) {
 	if !options.Enabled {
 		return dialer, nil
 	}
-	config, err := NewClient(ctx, serverAddress, options)
+	config, err := NewClientWithOptions(ClientOptions{
+		Context:       ctx,
+		Logger:        logger,
+		ServerAddress: serverAddress,
+		Options:       options,
+	})
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	return NewDialer(dialer, config), nil
 }
 
-func NewClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
-	if !options.Enabled {
+func NewClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+	return NewClientWithOptions(ClientOptions{
+		Context:       ctx,
+		Logger:        logger,
+		ServerAddress: serverAddress,
+		Options:       options,
+	})
+}
+
+type ClientOptions struct {
+	Context        context.Context
+	Logger         logger.ContextLogger
+	ServerAddress  string
+	Options        option.OutboundTLSOptions
+	KTLSCompatible bool
+}
+
+func NewClientWithOptions(options ClientOptions) (Config, error) {
+	if !options.Options.Enabled {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	if options.Reality != nil && options.Reality.Enabled {
-		return NewRealityClient(ctx, serverAddress, options)
-	} else if options.UTLS != nil && options.UTLS.Enabled {
-		return NewUTLSClient(ctx, serverAddress, options)
+	if !options.KTLSCompatible {
+		if options.Options.KernelTx {
+			options.Logger.Warn("enabling kTLS TX in current scenarios will definitely reduce performance, please checkout https://sing-box.sagernet.org/configuration/shared/tls/#kernel_tx")
+		}
 	}
-	return NewSTDClient(ctx, serverAddress, options)
+	if options.Options.KernelRx {
+		options.Logger.Warn("enabling kTLS RX will definitely reduce performance, please checkout https://sing-box.sagernet.org/configuration/shared/tls/#kernel_rx")
+	}
+	if options.Options.Reality != nil && options.Options.Reality.Enabled {
+		return NewRealityClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options)
+	} else if options.Options.UTLS != nil && options.Options.UTLS.Enabled {
+		return NewUTLSClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options)
+	}
+	return NewSTDClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options)
 }
 
 func ClientHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, config Config) (Conn, error) {
@@ -79,20 +111,29 @@ func (d *defaultDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksadd
 }
 
 func (d *defaultDialer) DialTLSContext(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (Conn, error) {
-	return d.dialContext(ctx, destination)
+	return d.dialContext(ctx, destination, true)
 }
 
-func (d *defaultDialer) dialContext(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (Conn, error) {
+func (d *defaultDialer) dialContext(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, echRetry bool) (Conn, error) {
 	conn, err := d.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, destination)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	tlsConn, err := aTLS.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, d.config)
-	if err != nil {
-		conn.Close()
-		return nil, err
+	tlsConn, err := ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, d.config)
+	if err == nil {
+		return tlsConn, nil
 	}
-	return tlsConn, nil
+	conn.Close()
+	if echRetry {
+		var echErr *tls.ECHRejectionError
+		if errors.As(err, &echErr) && len(echErr.RetryConfigList) > 0 {
+			if echConfig, isECH := d.config.(ECHCapableConfig); isECH {
+				echConfig.SetECHConfigList(echErr.RetryConfigList)
+			}
+		}
+		return d.dialContext(ctx, destination, false)
+	}
+	return nil, err
 }
 
 func (d *defaultDialer) Upstream() any {

common/tls/ktls.go

@@ -0,0 +1,67 @@
+package tls
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/ktls"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
+)
+
+type KTLSClientConfig struct {
+	Config
+	logger             logger.ContextLogger
+	kernelTx, kernelRx bool
+}
+
+func (w *KTLSClientConfig) ClientHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
+	tlsConn, err := aTLS.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, w.Config)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	kConn, err := ktls.NewConn(ctx, w.logger, tlsConn, w.kernelTx, w.kernelRx)
+	if err != nil {
+		tlsConn.Close()
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize kernel TLS")
+	}
+	return kConn, nil
+}
+
+func (w *KTLSClientConfig) Clone() Config {
+	return &KTLSClientConfig{
+		w.Config.Clone(),
+		w.logger,
+		w.kernelTx,
+		w.kernelRx,
+	}
+}
+
+type KTlSServerConfig struct {
+	ServerConfig
+	logger             logger.ContextLogger
+	kernelTx, kernelRx bool
+}
+
+func (w *KTlSServerConfig) ServerHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn) (aTLS.Conn, error) {
+	tlsConn, err := aTLS.ServerHandshake(ctx, conn, w.ServerConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	kConn, err := ktls.NewConn(ctx, w.logger, tlsConn, w.kernelTx, w.kernelRx)
+	if err != nil {
+		tlsConn.Close()
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize kernel TLS")
+	}
+	return kConn, nil
+}
+
+func (w *KTlSServerConfig) Clone() Config {
+	return &KTlSServerConfig{
+		w.ServerConfig.Clone().(ServerConfig),
+		w.logger,
+		w.kernelTx,
+		w.kernelRx,
+	}
+}

common/tls/reality_client.go

@@ -28,10 +28,12 @@ import (
 	"unsafe"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/debug"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
 	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
 
@@ -49,12 +51,12 @@ type RealityClientConfig struct {
 	shortID   [8]byte
 }
 
-func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (*RealityClientConfig, error) {
+func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
 	if options.UTLS == nil || !options.UTLS.Enabled {
 		return nil, E.New("uTLS is required by reality client")
 	}
 
-	uClient, err := NewUTLSClient(ctx, serverAddress, options)
+	uClient, err := NewUTLSClient(ctx, logger, serverAddress, options)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -74,7 +76,20 @@ func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.
 	if decodedLen > 8 {
 		return nil, E.New("invalid short_id")
 	}
-	return &RealityClientConfig{ctx, uClient.(*UTLSClientConfig), publicKey, shortID}, nil
+
+	var config Config = &RealityClientConfig{ctx, uClient.(*UTLSClientConfig), publicKey, shortID}
+	if options.KernelRx || options.KernelTx {
+		if !C.IsLinux {
+			return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
+		}
+		config = &KTLSClientConfig{
+			Config:   config,
+			logger:   logger,
+			kernelTx: options.KernelTx,
+			kernelRx: options.KernelRx,
+		}
+	}
+	return config, nil
 }
 
 func (e *RealityClientConfig) ServerName() string {
@@ -93,7 +108,7 @@ func (e *RealityClientConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	e.uClient.SetNextProtos(nextProto)
 }
 
-func (e *RealityClientConfig) Config() (*STDConfig, error) {
+func (e *RealityClientConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return nil, E.New("unsupported usage for reality")
 }
 

common/tls/reality_server.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/dialer"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ type RealityServerConfig struct {
 	config *utls.RealityConfig
 }
 
-func NewRealityServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (*RealityServerConfig, error) {
+func NewRealityServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
 	var tlsConfig utls.RealityConfig
 
 	if options.ACME != nil && len(options.ACME.Domain) > 0 {
@@ -119,7 +120,22 @@ func NewRealityServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.Inb
 		return handshakeDialer.DialContext(ctx, network, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
 	}
 
-	return &RealityServerConfig{&tlsConfig}, nil
+	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
+		return nil, E.New("Reality is conflict with ECH")
+	}
+	var config ServerConfig = &RealityServerConfig{&tlsConfig}
+	if options.KernelTx || options.KernelRx {
+		if !C.IsLinux {
+			return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
+		}
+		config = &KTlSServerConfig{
+			ServerConfig: config,
+			logger:       logger,
+			kernelTx:     options.KernelTx,
+			kernelRx:     options.KernelRx,
+		}
+	}
+	return config, nil
 }
 
 func (c *RealityServerConfig) ServerName() string {
@@ -138,7 +154,7 @@ func (c *RealityServerConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config.NextProtos = nextProto
 }
 
-func (c *RealityServerConfig) Config() (*tls.Config, error) {
+func (c *RealityServerConfig) STDConfig() (*tls.Config, error) {
 	return nil, E.New("unsupported usage for reality")
 }
 

common/tls/server.go

@@ -12,14 +12,37 @@ import (
 	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
 )
 
-func NewServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
-	if !options.Enabled {
+type ServerOptions struct {
+	Context        context.Context
+	Logger         log.ContextLogger
+	Options        option.InboundTLSOptions
+	KTLSCompatible bool
+}
+
+func NewServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
+	return NewServerWithOptions(ServerOptions{
+		Context: ctx,
+		Logger:  logger,
+		Options: options,
+	})
+}
+
+func NewServerWithOptions(options ServerOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
+	if !options.Options.Enabled {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
-	if options.Reality != nil && options.Reality.Enabled {
-		return NewRealityServer(ctx, logger, options)
+	if !options.KTLSCompatible {
+		if options.Options.KernelTx {
+			options.Logger.Warn("enabling kTLS TX in current scenarios will definitely reduce performance, please checkout https://sing-box.sagernet.org/configuration/shared/tls/#kernel_tx")
+		}
 	}
-	return NewSTDServer(ctx, logger, options)
+	if options.Options.KernelRx {
+		options.Logger.Warn("enabling kTLS RX will definitely reduce performance, please checkout https://sing-box.sagernet.org/configuration/shared/tls/#kernel_rx")
+	}
+	if options.Options.Reality != nil && options.Options.Reality.Enabled {
+		return NewRealityServer(options.Context, options.Logger, options.Options)
+	}
+	return NewSTDServer(options.Context, options.Logger, options.Options)
 }
 
 func ServerHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, config ServerConfig) (Conn, error) {

common/tls/std_client.go

@@ -11,8 +11,10 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tlsfragment"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
 )
 
@@ -40,7 +42,7 @@ func (c *STDClientConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config.NextProtos = nextProto
 }
 
-func (c *STDClientConfig) Config() (*STDConfig, error) {
+func (c *STDClientConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return c.config, nil
 }
 
@@ -52,7 +54,13 @@ func (c *STDClientConfig) Client(conn net.Conn) (Conn, error) {
 }
 
 func (c *STDClientConfig) Clone() Config {
-	return &STDClientConfig{c.ctx, c.config.Clone(), c.fragment, c.fragmentFallbackDelay, c.recordFragment}
+	return &STDClientConfig{
+		ctx:                   c.ctx,
+		config:                c.config.Clone(),
+		fragment:              c.fragment,
+		fragmentFallbackDelay: c.fragmentFallbackDelay,
+		recordFragment:        c.recordFragment,
+	}
 }
 
 func (c *STDClientConfig) ECHConfigList() []byte {
@@ -63,7 +71,7 @@ func (c *STDClientConfig) SetECHConfigList(EncryptedClientHelloConfigList []byte
 	c.config.EncryptedClientHelloConfigList = EncryptedClientHelloConfigList
 }
 
-func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
 	var serverName string
 	if options.ServerName != "" {
 		serverName = options.ServerName
@@ -146,10 +154,24 @@ func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.Outb
 		}
 		tlsConfig.RootCAs = certPool
 	}
-	stdConfig := &STDClientConfig{ctx, &tlsConfig, options.Fragment, time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay), options.RecordFragment}
+	var config Config = &STDClientConfig{ctx, &tlsConfig, options.Fragment, time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay), options.RecordFragment}
 	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
-		return parseECHClientConfig(ctx, stdConfig, options)
-	} else {
-		return stdConfig, nil
+		var err error
+		config, err = parseECHClientConfig(ctx, config.(ECHCapableConfig), options)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 	}
+	if options.KernelRx || options.KernelTx {
+		if !C.IsLinux {
+			return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
+		}
+		config = &KTLSClientConfig{
+			Config:   config,
+			logger:   logger,
+			kernelTx: options.KernelTx,
+			kernelRx: options.KernelRx,
+		}
+	}
+	return config, nil
 }

common/tls/std_server.go

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/fswatch"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
@@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config = config
 }
 
-func (c *STDServerConfig) Config() (*STDConfig, error) {
+func (c *STDServerConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return c.config, nil
 }
 
@@ -182,7 +183,7 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
+func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
 	if !options.Enabled {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
@@ -299,5 +300,17 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.Logger, options option.Inbound
 		defer serverConfig.access.Unlock()
 		return serverConfig.config, nil
 	}
-	return serverConfig, nil
+	var config ServerConfig = serverConfig
+	if options.KernelTx || options.KernelRx {
+		if !C.IsLinux {
+			return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
+		}
+		config = &KTlSServerConfig{
+			ServerConfig: config,
+			logger:       logger,
+			kernelTx:     options.KernelTx,
+			kernelRx:     options.KernelRx,
+		}
+	}
+	return config, nil
 }

common/tls/utls_client.go

@@ -14,8 +14,11 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tlsfragment"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
 
 	utls "github.com/metacubex/utls"
@@ -50,7 +53,7 @@ func (c *UTLSClientConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config.NextProtos = nextProto
 }
 
-func (c *UTLSClientConfig) Config() (*STDConfig, error) {
+func (c *UTLSClientConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return nil, E.New("unsupported usage for uTLS")
 }
 
@@ -139,7 +142,7 @@ func (c *utlsALPNWrapper) HandshakeContext(ctx context.Context) error {
 	return c.UConn.HandshakeContext(ctx)
 }
 
-func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
 	var serverName string
 	if options.ServerName != "" {
 		serverName = options.ServerName
@@ -214,15 +217,28 @@ func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.Out
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	uConfig := &UTLSClientConfig{ctx, &tlsConfig, id, options.Fragment, time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay), options.RecordFragment}
+	var config Config = &UTLSClientConfig{ctx, &tlsConfig, id, options.Fragment, time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay), options.RecordFragment}
 	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
 		if options.Reality != nil && options.Reality.Enabled {
 			return nil, E.New("Reality is conflict with ECH")
 		}
-		return parseECHClientConfig(ctx, uConfig, options)
-	} else {
-		return uConfig, nil
+		config, err = parseECHClientConfig(ctx, config.(ECHCapableConfig), options)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 	}
+	if (options.KernelRx || options.KernelTx) && !common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Reality).Enabled {
+		if !C.IsLinux {
+			return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
+		}
+		config = &KTLSClientConfig{
+			Config:   config,
+			logger:   logger,
+			kernelTx: options.KernelTx,
+			kernelRx: options.KernelRx,
+		}
+	}
+	return config, nil
 }
 
 var (

common/tls/utls_stub.go

@@ -8,13 +8,14 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 )
 
-func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
 	return nil, E.New(`uTLS is not included in this build, rebuild with -tags with_utls`)
 }
 
-func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
 	return nil, E.New(`uTLS, which is required by reality is not included in this build, rebuild with -tags with_utls`)
 }
 

common/urltest/urltest.go

@@ -11,7 +11,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
@@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ func URLTest(ctx context.Context, link string, detour N.Dialer) (t uint16, err e
 		return
 	}
 	defer instance.Close()
-	if earlyConn, isEarlyConn := common.Cast[N.EarlyConn](instance); isEarlyConn && earlyConn.NeedHandshake() {
+	if N.NeedHandshakeForWrite(instance) {
 		start = time.Now()
 	}
 	req, err := http.NewRequest(http.MethodHead, link, nil)

constant/rule.go

@@ -22,7 +22,8 @@ const (
 	RuleSetVersion1 = 1 + iota
 	RuleSetVersion2
 	RuleSetVersion3
-	RuleSetVersionCurrent = RuleSetVersion3
+	RuleSetVersion4
+	RuleSetVersionCurrent = RuleSetVersion4
 )
 
 const (
@@ -39,4 +40,5 @@ const (
 const (
 	RuleActionRejectMethodDefault = "default"
 	RuleActionRejectMethodDrop    = "drop"
+	RuleActionRejectMethodReply   = "reply"
 )

dns/client.go

@@ -95,20 +95,6 @@ func (c *Client) Start() {
 	}
 }
 
-func extractNegativeTTL(response *dns.Msg) (uint32, bool) {
-	for _, record := range response.Ns {
-		if soa, isSOA := record.(*dns.SOA); isSOA {
-			soaTTL := soa.Header().Ttl
-			soaMinimum := soa.Minttl
-			if soaTTL < soaMinimum {
-				return soaTTL, true
-			}
-			return soaMinimum, true
-		}
-	}
-	return 0, false
-}
-
 func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, message *dns.Msg, options adapter.DNSQueryOptions, responseChecker func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool) (*dns.Msg, error) {
 	if len(message.Question) == 0 {
 		if c.logger != nil {
@@ -144,11 +130,7 @@ func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, m
 		if c.cache != nil {
 			cond, loaded := c.cacheLock.LoadOrStore(question, make(chan struct{}))
 			if loaded {
-				select {
-				case <-cond:
-				case <-ctx.Done():
-					return nil, ctx.Err()
-				}
+				<-cond
 			} else {
 				defer func() {
 					c.cacheLock.Delete(question)
@@ -158,11 +140,7 @@ func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, m
 		} else if c.transportCache != nil {
 			cond, loaded := c.transportCacheLock.LoadOrStore(question, make(chan struct{}))
 			if loaded {
-				select {
-				case <-cond:
-				case <-ctx.Done():
-					return nil, ctx.Err()
-				}
+				<-cond
 			} else {
 				defer func() {
 					c.transportCacheLock.Delete(question)
@@ -236,14 +214,12 @@ func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, m
 			response.Answer = append(response.Answer, validResponse.Answer...)
 		}
 	}*/
-	disableCache = disableCache || (response.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess && response.Rcode != dns.RcodeNameError)
+	disableCache = disableCache || response.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess || len(response.Answer) == 0
 	if responseChecker != nil {
 		var rejected bool
 		// TODO: add accept_any rule and support to check response instead of addresses
-		if response.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess && response.Rcode != dns.RcodeNameError {
+		if response.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess || len(response.Answer) == 0 {
 			rejected = true
-		} else if len(response.Answer) == 0 {
-			rejected = !responseChecker(nil)
 		} else {
 			rejected = !responseChecker(MessageToAddresses(response))
 		}
@@ -275,17 +251,10 @@ func (c *Client) Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport adapter.DNSTransport, m
 		}
 	}
 	var timeToLive uint32
-	if len(response.Answer) == 0 {
-		if soaTTL, hasSOA := extractNegativeTTL(response); hasSOA {
-			timeToLive = soaTTL
-		}
-	}
-	if timeToLive == 0 {
-		for _, recordList := range [][]dns.RR{response.Answer, response.Ns, response.Extra} {
-			for _, record := range recordList {
-				if timeToLive == 0 || record.Header().Ttl > 0 && record.Header().Ttl < timeToLive {
-					timeToLive = record.Header().Ttl
-				}
+	for _, recordList := range [][]dns.RR{response.Answer, response.Ns, response.Extra} {
+		for _, record := range recordList {
+			if timeToLive == 0 || record.Header().Ttl > 0 && record.Header().Ttl < timeToLive {
+				timeToLive = record.Header().Ttl
 			}
 		}
 	}
@@ -363,6 +332,64 @@ func (c *Client) ClearCache() {
 	}
 }
 
+func (c *Client) LookupCache(domain string, strategy C.DomainStrategy) ([]netip.Addr, bool) {
+	if c.disableCache || c.independentCache {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	if dns.IsFqdn(domain) {
+		domain = domain[:len(domain)-1]
+	}
+	dnsName := dns.Fqdn(domain)
+	if strategy == C.DomainStrategyIPv4Only {
+		addresses, err := c.questionCache(dns.Question{
+			Name:   dnsName,
+			Qtype:  dns.TypeA,
+			Qclass: dns.ClassINET,
+		}, nil)
+		if err != ErrNotCached {
+			return addresses, true
+		}
+	} else if strategy == C.DomainStrategyIPv6Only {
+		addresses, err := c.questionCache(dns.Question{
+			Name:   dnsName,
+			Qtype:  dns.TypeAAAA,
+			Qclass: dns.ClassINET,
+		}, nil)
+		if err != ErrNotCached {
+			return addresses, true
+		}
+	} else {
+		response4, _ := c.loadResponse(dns.Question{
+			Name:   dnsName,
+			Qtype:  dns.TypeA,
+			Qclass: dns.ClassINET,
+		}, nil)
+		response6, _ := c.loadResponse(dns.Question{
+			Name:   dnsName,
+			Qtype:  dns.TypeAAAA,
+			Qclass: dns.ClassINET,
+		}, nil)
+		if response4 != nil || response6 != nil {
+			return sortAddresses(MessageToAddresses(response4), MessageToAddresses(response6), strategy), true
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, false
+}
+
+func (c *Client) ExchangeCache(ctx context.Context, message *dns.Msg) (*dns.Msg, bool) {
+	if c.disableCache || c.independentCache || len(message.Question) != 1 {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	question := message.Question[0]
+	response, ttl := c.loadResponse(question, nil)
+	if response == nil {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	logCachedResponse(c.logger, ctx, response, ttl)
+	response.Id = message.Id
+	return response, true
+}
+
 func sortAddresses(response4 []netip.Addr, response6 []netip.Addr, strategy C.DomainStrategy) []netip.Addr {
 	if strategy == C.DomainStrategyPreferIPv6 {
 		return append(response6, response4...)

dns/client_truncate.go

@@ -15,7 +15,8 @@ func TruncateDNSMessage(request *dns.Msg, response *dns.Msg, headroom int) (*buf
 	}
 	responseLen := response.Len()
 	if responseLen > maxLen {
-		response = response.Copy()
+		copyResponse := *response
+		response = &copyResponse
 		response.Truncate(maxLen)
 	}
 	buffer := buf.NewSize(headroom*2 + 1 + responseLen)

dns/router.go

@@ -214,88 +214,96 @@ func (r *Router) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, options adapte
 	}
 	r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "exchange ", FormatQuestion(message.Question[0].String()))
 	var (
-		response  *mDNS.Msg
 		transport adapter.DNSTransport
 		err       error
 	)
-	var metadata *adapter.InboundContext
-	ctx, metadata = adapter.ExtendContext(ctx)
-	metadata.Destination = M.Socksaddr{}
-	metadata.QueryType = message.Question[0].Qtype
-	switch metadata.QueryType {
-	case mDNS.TypeA:
-		metadata.IPVersion = 4
-	case mDNS.TypeAAAA:
-		metadata.IPVersion = 6
-	}
-	metadata.Domain = FqdnToDomain(message.Question[0].Name)
-	if options.Transport != nil {
-		transport = options.Transport
-		if legacyTransport, isLegacy := transport.(adapter.LegacyDNSTransport); isLegacy {
+	response, cached := r.client.ExchangeCache(ctx, message)
+	if !cached {
+		var metadata *adapter.InboundContext
+		ctx, metadata = adapter.ExtendContext(ctx)
+		metadata.Destination = M.Socksaddr{}
+		metadata.QueryType = message.Question[0].Qtype
+		switch metadata.QueryType {
+		case mDNS.TypeA:
+			metadata.IPVersion = 4
+		case mDNS.TypeAAAA:
+			metadata.IPVersion = 6
+		}
+		metadata.Domain = FqdnToDomain(message.Question[0].Name)
+		if options.Transport != nil {
+			transport = options.Transport
+			if legacyTransport, isLegacy := transport.(adapter.LegacyDNSTransport); isLegacy {
+				if options.Strategy == C.DomainStrategyAsIS {
+					options.Strategy = legacyTransport.LegacyStrategy()
+				}
+				if !options.ClientSubnet.IsValid() {
+					options.ClientSubnet = legacyTransport.LegacyClientSubnet()
+				}
+			}
 			if options.Strategy == C.DomainStrategyAsIS {
-				options.Strategy = legacyTransport.LegacyStrategy()
+				options.Strategy = r.defaultDomainStrategy
 			}
-			if !options.ClientSubnet.IsValid() {
-				options.ClientSubnet = legacyTransport.LegacyClientSubnet()
-			}
-		}
-		if options.Strategy == C.DomainStrategyAsIS {
-			options.Strategy = r.defaultDomainStrategy
-		}
-		response, err = r.client.Exchange(ctx, transport, message, options, nil)
-	} else {
-		var (
-			rule      adapter.DNSRule
-			ruleIndex int
-		)
-		ruleIndex = -1
-		for {
-			dnsCtx := adapter.OverrideContext(ctx)
-			dnsOptions := options
-			transport, rule, ruleIndex = r.matchDNS(ctx, true, ruleIndex, isAddressQuery(message), &dnsOptions)
-			if rule != nil {
-				switch action := rule.Action().(type) {
-				case *R.RuleActionReject:
-					switch action.Method {
-					case C.RuleActionRejectMethodDefault:
-						return &mDNS.Msg{
-							MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
-								Id:       message.Id,
-								Rcode:    mDNS.RcodeRefused,
-								Response: true,
-							},
-							Question: []mDNS.Question{message.Question[0]},
-						}, nil
-					case C.RuleActionRejectMethodDrop:
-						return nil, tun.ErrDrop
+			response, err = r.client.Exchange(ctx, transport, message, options, nil)
+		} else {
+			var (
+				rule      adapter.DNSRule
+				ruleIndex int
+			)
+			ruleIndex = -1
+			for {
+				dnsCtx := adapter.OverrideContext(ctx)
+				dnsOptions := options
+				transport, rule, ruleIndex = r.matchDNS(ctx, true, ruleIndex, isAddressQuery(message), &dnsOptions)
+				if rule != nil {
+					switch action := rule.Action().(type) {
+					case *R.RuleActionReject:
+						switch action.Method {
+						case C.RuleActionRejectMethodDefault:
+							return &mDNS.Msg{
+								MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
+									Id:       message.Id,
+									Rcode:    mDNS.RcodeRefused,
+									Response: true,
+								},
+								Question: []mDNS.Question{message.Question[0]},
+							}, nil
+						case C.RuleActionRejectMethodDrop:
+							return nil, tun.ErrDrop
+						}
+					case *R.RuleActionPredefined:
+						return action.Response(message), nil
 					}
-				case *R.RuleActionPredefined:
-					return action.Response(message), nil
 				}
-			}
-			responseCheck := addressLimitResponseCheck(rule, metadata)
-			if dnsOptions.Strategy == C.DomainStrategyAsIS {
-				dnsOptions.Strategy = r.defaultDomainStrategy
-			}
-			response, err = r.client.Exchange(dnsCtx, transport, message, dnsOptions, responseCheck)
-			var rejected bool
-			if err != nil {
-				if errors.Is(err, ErrResponseRejectedCached) {
-					rejected = true
-					r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "response rejected for ", FormatQuestion(message.Question[0].String())), " (cached)")
-				} else if errors.Is(err, ErrResponseRejected) {
-					rejected = true
-					r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "response rejected for ", FormatQuestion(message.Question[0].String())))
-				} else if len(message.Question) > 0 {
-					r.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "exchange failed for ", FormatQuestion(message.Question[0].String())))
-				} else {
-					r.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "exchange failed for <empty query>"))
+				var responseCheck func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool
+				if rule != nil && rule.WithAddressLimit() {
+					responseCheck = func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool {
+						metadata.DestinationAddresses = responseAddrs
+						return rule.MatchAddressLimit(metadata)
+					}
 				}
+				if dnsOptions.Strategy == C.DomainStrategyAsIS {
+					dnsOptions.Strategy = r.defaultDomainStrategy
+				}
+				response, err = r.client.Exchange(dnsCtx, transport, message, dnsOptions, responseCheck)
+				var rejected bool
+				if err != nil {
+					if errors.Is(err, ErrResponseRejectedCached) {
+						rejected = true
+						r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "response rejected for ", FormatQuestion(message.Question[0].String())), " (cached)")
+					} else if errors.Is(err, ErrResponseRejected) {
+						rejected = true
+						r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "response rejected for ", FormatQuestion(message.Question[0].String())))
+					} else if len(message.Question) > 0 {
+						r.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "exchange failed for ", FormatQuestion(message.Question[0].String())))
+					} else {
+						r.logger.ErrorContext(ctx, E.Cause(err, "exchange failed for <empty query>"))
+					}
+				}
+				if responseCheck != nil && rejected {
+					continue
+				}
+				break
 			}
-			if responseCheck != nil && rejected {
-				continue
-			}
-			break
 		}
 	}
 	if err != nil {
@@ -319,6 +327,7 @@ func (r *Router) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, options adapte
 func (r *Router) Lookup(ctx context.Context, domain string, options adapter.DNSQueryOptions) ([]netip.Addr, error) {
 	var (
 		responseAddrs []netip.Addr
+		cached        bool
 		err           error
 	)
 	printResult := func() {
@@ -338,6 +347,13 @@ func (r *Router) Lookup(ctx context.Context, domain string, options adapter.DNSQ
 			err = E.Cause(err, "lookup ", domain)
 		}
 	}
+	responseAddrs, cached = r.client.LookupCache(domain, options.Strategy)
+	if cached {
+		if len(responseAddrs) == 0 {
+			return nil, E.New("lookup ", domain, ": empty result (cached)")
+		}
+		return responseAddrs, nil
+	}
 	r.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "lookup domain ", domain)
 	ctx, metadata := adapter.ExtendContext(ctx)
 	metadata.Destination = M.Socksaddr{}
@@ -370,13 +386,16 @@ func (r *Router) Lookup(ctx context.Context, domain string, options adapter.DNSQ
 			if rule != nil {
 				switch action := rule.Action().(type) {
 				case *R.RuleActionReject:
-					return nil, &R.RejectedError{Cause: action.Error(ctx)}
+					switch action.Method {
+					case C.RuleActionRejectMethodDefault:
+						return nil, nil
+					case C.RuleActionRejectMethodDrop:
+						return nil, tun.ErrDrop
+					}
 				case *R.RuleActionPredefined:
-					responseAddrs = nil
 					if action.Rcode != mDNS.RcodeSuccess {
 						err = RcodeError(action.Rcode)
 					} else {
-						err = nil
 						for _, answer := range action.Answer {
 							switch record := answer.(type) {
 							case *mDNS.A:
@@ -389,7 +408,13 @@ func (r *Router) Lookup(ctx context.Context, domain string, options adapter.DNSQ
 					goto response
 				}
 			}
-			responseCheck := addressLimitResponseCheck(rule, metadata)
+			var responseCheck func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool
+			if rule != nil && rule.WithAddressLimit() {
+				responseCheck = func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool {
+					metadata.DestinationAddresses = responseAddrs
+					return rule.MatchAddressLimit(metadata)
+				}
+			}
 			if dnsOptions.Strategy == C.DomainStrategyAsIS {
 				dnsOptions.Strategy = r.defaultDomainStrategy
 			}
@@ -417,18 +442,6 @@ func isAddressQuery(message *mDNS.Msg) bool {
 	return false
 }
 
-func addressLimitResponseCheck(rule adapter.DNSRule, metadata *adapter.InboundContext) func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool {
-	if rule == nil || !rule.WithAddressLimit() {
-		return nil
-	}
-	responseMetadata := *metadata
-	return func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool {
-		checkMetadata := responseMetadata
-		checkMetadata.DestinationAddresses = responseAddrs
-		return rule.MatchAddressLimit(&checkMetadata)
-	}
-}
-
 func (r *Router) ClearCache() {
 	r.client.ClearCache()
 	if r.platformInterface != nil {

dns/transport/dhcp/dhcp.go

@@ -243,7 +243,6 @@ func (t *Transport) fetchServersResponse(iface *control.Interface, packetConn ne
 	defer buffer.Release()
 
 	for {
-		buffer.Reset()
 		_, _, err := buffer.ReadPacketFrom(packetConn)
 		if err != nil {
 			if errors.Is(err, io.ErrShortBuffer) {

dns/transport/fakeip/store.go

@@ -17,43 +17,18 @@ type Store struct {
 	logger       logger.Logger
 	inet4Range   netip.Prefix
 	inet6Range   netip.Prefix
-	inet4Last    netip.Addr
-	inet6Last    netip.Addr
 	storage      adapter.FakeIPStorage
 	inet4Current netip.Addr
 	inet6Current netip.Addr
 }
 
 func NewStore(ctx context.Context, logger logger.Logger, inet4Range netip.Prefix, inet6Range netip.Prefix) *Store {
-	store := &Store{
+	return &Store{
 		ctx:        ctx,
 		logger:     logger,
 		inet4Range: inet4Range,
 		inet6Range: inet6Range,
 	}
-	if inet4Range.IsValid() {
-		store.inet4Last = broadcastAddress(inet4Range)
-	}
-	if inet6Range.IsValid() {
-		store.inet6Last = broadcastAddress(inet6Range)
-	}
-	return store
-}
-
-func broadcastAddress(prefix netip.Prefix) netip.Addr {
-	addr := prefix.Addr()
-	raw := addr.As16()
-	bits := prefix.Bits()
-	if addr.Is4() {
-		bits += 96
-	}
-	for i := bits; i < 128; i++ {
-		raw[i/8] |= 1 << (7 - i%8)
-	}
-	if addr.Is4() {
-		return netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte(raw[12:]))
-	}
-	return netip.AddrFrom16(raw)
 }
 
 func (s *Store) Start() error {
@@ -71,10 +46,10 @@ func (s *Store) Start() error {
 		s.inet6Current = metadata.Inet6Current
 	} else {
 		if s.inet4Range.IsValid() {
-			s.inet4Current = s.inet4Range.Addr().Next()
+			s.inet4Current = s.inet4Range.Addr().Next().Next()
 		}
 		if s.inet6Range.IsValid() {
-			s.inet6Current = s.inet6Range.Addr().Next()
+			s.inet6Current = s.inet6Range.Addr().Next().Next()
 		}
 		_ = storage.FakeIPReset()
 	}
@@ -108,7 +83,7 @@ func (s *Store) Create(domain string, isIPv6 bool) (netip.Addr, error) {
 			return netip.Addr{}, E.New("missing IPv4 fakeip address range")
 		}
 		nextAddress := s.inet4Current.Next()
-		if nextAddress == s.inet4Last || !s.inet4Range.Contains(nextAddress) {
+		if !s.inet4Range.Contains(nextAddress) {
 			nextAddress = s.inet4Range.Addr().Next().Next()
 		}
 		s.inet4Current = nextAddress
@@ -118,7 +93,7 @@ func (s *Store) Create(domain string, isIPv6 bool) (netip.Addr, error) {
 			return netip.Addr{}, E.New("missing IPv6 fakeip address range")
 		}
 		nextAddress := s.inet6Current.Next()
-		if nextAddress == s.inet6Last || !s.inet6Range.Contains(nextAddress) {
+		if !s.inet6Range.Contains(nextAddress) {
 			nextAddress = s.inet6Range.Addr().Next().Next()
 		}
 		s.inet6Current = nextAddress

dns/transport/https.go

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
 	sHTTP "github.com/sagernet/sing/protocol/http"
 
 	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ type HTTPSTransport struct {
 	destination      *url.URL
 	headers          http.Header
 	transportAccess  sync.Mutex
-	transport        *HTTPSTransportWrapper
+	transport        *http.Transport
 	transportResetAt time.Time
 }
 
@@ -57,12 +58,15 @@ func NewHTTPS(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options
 	}
 	tlsOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.TLS)
 	tlsOptions.Enabled = true
-	tlsConfig, err := tls.NewClient(ctx, options.Server, tlsOptions)
+	tlsConfig, err := tls.NewClient(ctx, logger, options.Server, tlsOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if len(tlsConfig.NextProtos()) == 0 {
-		tlsConfig.SetNextProtos([]string{http2.NextProtoTLS, "http/1.1"})
+	if common.Error(tlsConfig.STDConfig()) == nil && !common.Contains(tlsConfig.NextProtos(), http2.NextProtoTLS) {
+		tlsConfig.SetNextProtos(append(tlsConfig.NextProtos(), http2.NextProtoTLS))
+	}
+	if !common.Contains(tlsConfig.NextProtos(), "http/1.1") {
+		tlsConfig.SetNextProtos(append(tlsConfig.NextProtos(), "http/1.1"))
 	}
 	headers := options.Headers.Build()
 	host := headers.Get("Host")
@@ -120,13 +124,37 @@ func NewHTTPSRaw(
 	serverAddr M.Socksaddr,
 	tlsConfig tls.Config,
 ) *HTTPSTransport {
+	var transport *http.Transport
+	if tlsConfig != nil {
+		transport = &http.Transport{
+			ForceAttemptHTTP2: true,
+			DialTLSContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+				tcpConn, hErr := dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, serverAddr)
+				if hErr != nil {
+					return nil, hErr
+				}
+				tlsConn, hErr := aTLS.ClientHandshake(ctx, tcpConn, tlsConfig)
+				if hErr != nil {
+					tcpConn.Close()
+					return nil, hErr
+				}
+				return tlsConn, nil
+			},
+		}
+	} else {
+		transport = &http.Transport{
+			DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+				return dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, serverAddr)
+			},
+		}
+	}
 	return &HTTPSTransport{
 		TransportAdapter: adapter,
 		logger:           logger,
 		dialer:           dialer,
 		destination:      destination,
 		headers:          headers,
-		transport:        NewHTTPSTransportWrapper(tls.NewDialer(dialer, tlsConfig), serverAddr),
+		transport:        transport,
 	}
 }
 

dns/transport/https_transport.go

@@ -1,80 +0,0 @@
-package transport
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"sync/atomic"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
-
-	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
-)
-
-var errFallback = E.New("fallback to HTTP/1.1")
-
-type HTTPSTransportWrapper struct {
-	http2Transport *http2.Transport
-	httpTransport  *http.Transport
-	fallback       *atomic.Bool
-}
-
-func NewHTTPSTransportWrapper(dialer tls.Dialer, serverAddr M.Socksaddr) *HTTPSTransportWrapper {
-	var fallback atomic.Bool
-	return &HTTPSTransportWrapper{
-		http2Transport: &http2.Transport{
-			DialTLSContext: func(ctx context.Context, _, _ string, _ *tls.STDConfig) (net.Conn, error) {
-				tlsConn, err := dialer.DialTLSContext(ctx, serverAddr)
-				if err != nil {
-					return nil, err
-				}
-				state := tlsConn.ConnectionState()
-				if state.NegotiatedProtocol == http2.NextProtoTLS {
-					return tlsConn, nil
-				}
-				tlsConn.Close()
-				fallback.Store(true)
-				return nil, errFallback
-			},
-		},
-		httpTransport: &http.Transport{
-			DialTLSContext: func(ctx context.Context, _, _ string) (net.Conn, error) {
-				return dialer.DialTLSContext(ctx, serverAddr)
-			},
-		},
-		fallback: &fallback,
-	}
-}
-
-func (h *HTTPSTransportWrapper) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
-	if h.fallback.Load() {
-		return h.httpTransport.RoundTrip(request)
-	} else {
-		response, err := h.http2Transport.RoundTrip(request)
-		if err != nil {
-			if errors.Is(err, errFallback) {
-				return h.httpTransport.RoundTrip(request)
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return response, nil
-	}
-}
-
-func (h *HTTPSTransportWrapper) CloseIdleConnections() {
-	h.http2Transport.CloseIdleConnections()
-	h.httpTransport.CloseIdleConnections()
-}
-
-func (h *HTTPSTransportWrapper) Clone() *HTTPSTransportWrapper {
-	return &HTTPSTransportWrapper{
-		httpTransport: h.httpTransport,
-		http2Transport: &http2.Transport{
-			DialTLSContext: h.http2Transport.DialTLSContext,
-		},
-		fallback: h.fallback,
-	}
-}

dns/transport/local/local.go

@@ -1,34 +1,37 @@
+//go:build !darwin
+
 package local
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"math/rand"
-	"syscall"
-	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport/hosts"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 
 	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
 )
 
+func RegisterTransport(registry *dns.TransportRegistry) {
+	dns.RegisterTransport[option.LocalDNSServerOptions](registry, C.DNSTypeLocal, NewTransport)
+}
+
 var _ adapter.DNSTransport = (*Transport)(nil)
 
 type Transport struct {
 	dns.TransportAdapter
-	ctx    context.Context
-	hosts  *hosts.File
-	dialer N.Dialer
+	ctx      context.Context
+	logger   logger.ContextLogger
+	hosts    *hosts.File
+	dialer   N.Dialer
+	preferGo bool
+	resolved ResolvedResolver
 }
 
 func NewTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.LocalDNSServerOptions) (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
@@ -39,195 +42,52 @@ func NewTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, opt
 	return &Transport{
 		TransportAdapter: dns.NewTransportAdapterWithLocalOptions(C.DNSTypeLocal, tag, options),
 		ctx:              ctx,
+		logger:           logger,
 		hosts:            hosts.NewFile(hosts.DefaultPath),
 		dialer:           transportDialer,
+		preferGo:         options.PreferGo,
 	}, nil
 }
 
 func (t *Transport) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
+	switch stage {
+	case adapter.StartStateInitialize:
+		if !t.preferGo {
+			resolvedResolver, err := NewResolvedResolver(t.ctx, t.logger)
+			if err == nil {
+				err = resolvedResolver.Start()
+				if err == nil {
+					t.resolved = resolvedResolver
+				} else {
+					t.logger.Warn(E.Cause(err, "initialize resolved resolver"))
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (t *Transport) Close() error {
+	if t.resolved != nil {
+		return t.resolved.Close()
+	}
 	return nil
 }
 
 func (t *Transport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	if t.resolved != nil {
+		resolverObject := t.resolved.Object()
+		if resolverObject != nil {
+			return t.resolved.Exchange(resolverObject, ctx, message)
+		}
+	}
 	question := message.Question[0]
+	domain := dns.FqdnToDomain(question.Name)
 	if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA {
-		addresses := t.hosts.Lookup(dns.FqdnToDomain(question.Name))
+		addresses := t.hosts.Lookup(domain)
 		if len(addresses) > 0 {
 			return dns.FixedResponse(message.Id, question, addresses, C.DefaultDNSTTL), nil
 		}
 	}
-	systemConfig := getSystemDNSConfig(t.ctx)
-	if systemConfig.singleRequest || !(message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA) {
-		return t.exchangeSingleRequest(ctx, systemConfig, message, question.Name)
-	} else {
-		return t.exchangeParallel(ctx, systemConfig, message, question.Name)
-	}
-}
-
-func (t *Transport) exchangeSingleRequest(ctx context.Context, systemConfig *dnsConfig, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	var lastErr error
-	for _, fqdn := range systemConfig.nameList(domain) {
-		response, err := t.tryOneName(ctx, systemConfig, fqdn, message)
-		if err != nil {
-			lastErr = err
-			continue
-		}
-		return response, nil
-	}
-	return nil, lastErr
-}
-
-func (t *Transport) exchangeParallel(ctx context.Context, systemConfig *dnsConfig, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	returned := make(chan struct{})
-	defer close(returned)
-	type queryResult struct {
-		response *mDNS.Msg
-		err      error
-	}
-	results := make(chan queryResult)
-	startRacer := func(ctx context.Context, fqdn string) {
-		response, err := t.tryOneName(ctx, systemConfig, fqdn, message)
-		if err == nil {
-			if response.Rcode != mDNS.RcodeSuccess {
-				err = dns.RcodeError(response.Rcode)
-			} else if len(dns.MessageToAddresses(response)) == 0 {
-				err = dns.RcodeSuccess
-			}
-		}
-		select {
-		case results <- queryResult{response, err}:
-		case <-returned:
-		}
-	}
-	queryCtx, queryCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
-	defer queryCancel()
-	var nameCount int
-	for _, fqdn := range systemConfig.nameList(domain) {
-		nameCount++
-		go startRacer(queryCtx, fqdn)
-	}
-	var errors []error
-	for {
-		select {
-		case <-ctx.Done():
-			return nil, ctx.Err()
-		case result := <-results:
-			if result.err == nil {
-				return result.response, nil
-			}
-			errors = append(errors, result.err)
-			if len(errors) == nameCount {
-				return nil, E.Errors(errors...)
-			}
-		}
-	}
-}
-
-func (t *Transport) tryOneName(ctx context.Context, config *dnsConfig, fqdn string, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	serverOffset := config.serverOffset()
-	sLen := uint32(len(config.servers))
-	var lastErr error
-	for i := 0; i < config.attempts; i++ {
-		for j := uint32(0); j < sLen; j++ {
-			server := config.servers[(serverOffset+j)%sLen]
-			question := message.Question[0]
-			question.Name = fqdn
-			response, err := t.exchangeOne(ctx, M.ParseSocksaddr(server), question, config.timeout, config.useTCP, config.trustAD)
-			if err != nil {
-				lastErr = err
-				continue
-			}
-			return response, nil
-		}
-	}
-	return nil, E.Cause(lastErr, fqdn)
-}
-
-func (t *Transport) exchangeOne(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, question mDNS.Question, timeout time.Duration, useTCP, ad bool) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	if server.Port == 0 {
-		server.Port = 53
-	}
-	request := &mDNS.Msg{
-		MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
-			Id:                uint16(rand.Uint32()),
-			RecursionDesired:  true,
-			AuthenticatedData: ad,
-		},
-		Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
-		Compress: true,
-	}
-	request.SetEdns0(buf.UDPBufferSize, false)
-	if !useTCP {
-		return t.exchangeUDP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
-	} else {
-		return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
-	}
-}
-
-func (t *Transport) exchangeUDP(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, request *mDNS.Msg, timeout time.Duration) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	conn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, server)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer conn.Close()
-	if deadline, loaded := ctx.Deadline(); loaded && !deadline.IsZero() {
-		newDeadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
-		if deadline.After(newDeadline) {
-			deadline = newDeadline
-		}
-		conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
-	}
-	buffer := buf.Get(buf.UDPBufferSize)
-	defer buf.Put(buffer)
-	rawMessage, err := request.PackBuffer(buffer)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "pack request")
-	}
-	_, err = conn.Write(rawMessage)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, syscall.EMSGSIZE) {
-			return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
-		}
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "write request")
-	}
-	n, err := conn.Read(buffer)
-	if err != nil {
-		if errors.Is(err, syscall.EMSGSIZE) {
-			return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
-		}
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "read response")
-	}
-	var response mDNS.Msg
-	err = response.Unpack(buffer[:n])
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, E.Cause(err, "unpack response")
-	}
-	if response.Truncated {
-		return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
-	}
-	return &response, nil
-}
-
-func (t *Transport) exchangeTCP(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, request *mDNS.Msg, timeout time.Duration) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	conn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, server)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	defer conn.Close()
-	if deadline, loaded := ctx.Deadline(); loaded && !deadline.IsZero() {
-		newDeadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
-		if deadline.After(newDeadline) {
-			deadline = newDeadline
-		}
-		conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
-	}
-	err = transport.WriteMessage(conn, 0, request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return transport.ReadMessage(conn)
+	return t.exchange(ctx, message, domain)
 }

dns/transport/local/local_darwin.go

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+//go:build darwin
+
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport/hosts"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
+
+	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
+)
+
+func RegisterTransport(registry *dns.TransportRegistry) {
+	dns.RegisterTransport[option.LocalDNSServerOptions](registry, C.DNSTypeLocal, NewTransport)
+}
+
+var _ adapter.DNSTransport = (*Transport)(nil)
+
+type Transport struct {
+	dns.TransportAdapter
+	ctx           context.Context
+	logger        logger.ContextLogger
+	hosts         *hosts.File
+	dialer        N.Dialer
+	preferGo      bool
+	fallback      bool
+	dhcpTransport dhcpTransport
+	resolver      net.Resolver
+}
+
+type dhcpTransport interface {
+	adapter.DNSTransport
+	Fetch() ([]M.Socksaddr, error)
+	Exchange0(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, servers []M.Socksaddr) (*mDNS.Msg, error)
+}
+
+func NewTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.LocalDNSServerOptions) (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
+	transportDialer, err := dns.NewLocalDialer(ctx, options)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	transportAdapter := dns.NewTransportAdapterWithLocalOptions(C.DNSTypeLocal, tag, options)
+	return &Transport{
+		TransportAdapter: transportAdapter,
+		ctx:              ctx,
+		logger:           logger,
+		hosts:            hosts.NewFile(hosts.DefaultPath),
+		dialer:           transportDialer,
+		preferGo:         options.PreferGo,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
+	if stage != adapter.StartStateStart {
+		return nil
+	}
+	inboundManager := service.FromContext[adapter.InboundManager](t.ctx)
+	for _, inbound := range inboundManager.Inbounds() {
+		if inbound.Type() == C.TypeTun {
+			t.fallback = true
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !C.IsIos {
+		if t.fallback {
+			t.dhcpTransport = newDHCPTransport(t.TransportAdapter, log.ContextWithOverrideLevel(t.ctx, log.LevelDebug), t.dialer, t.logger)
+			if t.dhcpTransport != nil {
+				err := t.dhcpTransport.Start(stage)
+				if err != nil {
+					return err
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) Close() error {
+	return common.Close(
+		t.dhcpTransport,
+	)
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	question := message.Question[0]
+	domain := dns.FqdnToDomain(question.Name)
+	if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA {
+		addresses := t.hosts.Lookup(domain)
+		if len(addresses) > 0 {
+			return dns.FixedResponse(message.Id, question, addresses, C.DefaultDNSTTL), nil
+		}
+	}
+	if !t.fallback {
+		return t.exchange(ctx, message, domain)
+	}
+	if !C.IsIos {
+		if t.dhcpTransport != nil {
+			dhcpTransports, _ := t.dhcpTransport.Fetch()
+			if len(dhcpTransports) > 0 {
+				return t.dhcpTransport.Exchange0(ctx, message, dhcpTransports)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if t.preferGo {
+		// Assuming the user knows what they are doing, we still execute the query which will fail.
+		return t.exchange(ctx, message, domain)
+	}
+	if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA {
+		var network string
+		if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA {
+			network = "ip4"
+		} else {
+			network = "ip6"
+		}
+		addresses, err := t.resolver.LookupNetIP(ctx, network, domain)
+		if err != nil {
+			var dnsError *net.DNSError
+			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
+				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
+			}
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		return dns.FixedResponse(message.Id, question, addresses, C.DefaultDNSTTL), nil
+	}
+	if C.IsIos {
+		return nil, E.New("only A and AAAA queries are supported on iOS and tvOS when using NetworkExtension.")
+	} else {
+		return nil, E.New("only A and AAAA queries are supported on macOS when using NetworkExtension and DHCP unavailable.")
+	}
+}

dns/transport/local/local_darwin_dhcp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+//go:build darwin && with_dhcp
+
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport/dhcp"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func newDHCPTransport(transportAdapter dns.TransportAdapter, ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, logger log.ContextLogger) dhcpTransport {
+	return dhcp.NewRawTransport(transportAdapter, ctx, dialer, logger)
+}

dns/transport/local/local_darwin_nodhcp.go

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+//go:build darwin && !with_dhcp
+
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func newDHCPTransport(transportAdapter dns.TransportAdapter, ctx context.Context, dialer N.Dialer, logger log.ContextLogger) dhcpTransport {
+	return nil
+}

dns/transport/local/local_fallback.go

@@ -1,204 +0,0 @@
-package local
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"errors"
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/libbox/platform"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
-
-	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
-)
-
-func RegisterTransport(registry *dns.TransportRegistry) {
-	dns.RegisterTransport[option.LocalDNSServerOptions](registry, C.DNSTypeLocal, NewFallbackTransport)
-}
-
-type FallbackTransport struct {
-	adapter.DNSTransport
-	ctx      context.Context
-	fallback bool
-	resolver net.Resolver
-}
-
-func NewFallbackTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.LocalDNSServerOptions) (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
-	transport, err := NewTransport(ctx, logger, tag, options)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return &FallbackTransport{
-		DNSTransport: transport,
-		ctx:          ctx,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (f *FallbackTransport) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
-	if stage != adapter.StartStateStart {
-		return nil
-	}
-	platformInterface := service.FromContext[platform.Interface](f.ctx)
-	if platformInterface == nil {
-		return nil
-	}
-	inboundManager := service.FromContext[adapter.InboundManager](f.ctx)
-	for _, inbound := range inboundManager.Inbounds() {
-		if inbound.Type() == C.TypeTun {
-			// platform tun hijacks DNS, so we can only use cgo resolver here
-			f.fallback = true
-			break
-		}
-	}
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (f *FallbackTransport) Close() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func (f *FallbackTransport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
-	if !f.fallback {
-		return f.DNSTransport.Exchange(ctx, message)
-	}
-	question := message.Question[0]
-	if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA {
-		var network string
-		if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeA {
-			network = "ip4"
-		} else {
-			network = "ip6"
-		}
-		addresses, err := f.resolver.LookupNetIP(ctx, network, question.Name)
-		if err != nil {
-			var dnsError *net.DNSError
-			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
-				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return dns.FixedResponse(message.Id, question, addresses, C.DefaultDNSTTL), nil
-	} else if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeNS {
-		records, err := f.resolver.LookupNS(ctx, question.Name)
-		if err != nil {
-			var dnsError *net.DNSError
-			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
-				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		response := &mDNS.Msg{
-			MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
-				Id:       message.Id,
-				Rcode:    mDNS.RcodeSuccess,
-				Response: true,
-			},
-			Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
-		}
-		for _, record := range records {
-			response.Answer = append(response.Answer, &mDNS.NS{
-				Hdr: mDNS.RR_Header{
-					Name:   question.Name,
-					Rrtype: mDNS.TypeNS,
-					Class:  mDNS.ClassINET,
-					Ttl:    C.DefaultDNSTTL,
-				},
-				Ns: record.Host,
-			})
-		}
-		return response, nil
-	} else if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeCNAME {
-		cname, err := f.resolver.LookupCNAME(ctx, question.Name)
-		if err != nil {
-			var dnsError *net.DNSError
-			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
-				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return &mDNS.Msg{
-			MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
-				Id:       message.Id,
-				Rcode:    mDNS.RcodeSuccess,
-				Response: true,
-			},
-			Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
-			Answer: []mDNS.RR{
-				&mDNS.CNAME{
-					Hdr: mDNS.RR_Header{
-						Name:   question.Name,
-						Rrtype: mDNS.TypeCNAME,
-						Class:  mDNS.ClassINET,
-						Ttl:    C.DefaultDNSTTL,
-					},
-					Target: cname,
-				},
-			},
-		}, nil
-	} else if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeTXT {
-		records, err := f.resolver.LookupTXT(ctx, question.Name)
-		if err != nil {
-			var dnsError *net.DNSError
-			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
-				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		return &mDNS.Msg{
-			MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
-				Id:       message.Id,
-				Rcode:    mDNS.RcodeSuccess,
-				Response: true,
-			},
-			Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
-			Answer: []mDNS.RR{
-				&mDNS.TXT{
-					Hdr: mDNS.RR_Header{
-						Name:   question.Name,
-						Rrtype: mDNS.TypeCNAME,
-						Class:  mDNS.ClassINET,
-						Ttl:    C.DefaultDNSTTL,
-					},
-					Txt: records,
-				},
-			},
-		}, nil
-	} else if question.Qtype == mDNS.TypeMX {
-		records, err := f.resolver.LookupMX(ctx, question.Name)
-		if err != nil {
-			var dnsError *net.DNSError
-			if errors.As(err, &dnsError) && dnsError.IsNotFound {
-				return nil, dns.RcodeRefused
-			}
-			return nil, err
-		}
-		response := &mDNS.Msg{
-			MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
-				Id:       message.Id,
-				Rcode:    mDNS.RcodeSuccess,
-				Response: true,
-			},
-			Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
-		}
-		for _, record := range records {
-			response.Answer = append(response.Answer, &mDNS.MX{
-				Hdr: mDNS.RR_Header{
-					Name:   question.Name,
-					Rrtype: mDNS.TypeA,
-					Class:  mDNS.ClassINET,
-					Ttl:    C.DefaultDNSTTL,
-				},
-				Preference: record.Pref,
-				Mx:         record.Host,
-			})
-		}
-		return response, nil
-	} else {
-		return nil, E.New("only A, AAAA, NS, CNAME, TXT, MX queries are supported on current platform when using TUN, please switch to a fixed DNS server.")
-	}
-}

dns/transport/local/local_resolved.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+
+	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
+)
+
+type ResolvedResolver interface {
+	Start() error
+	Close() error
+	Object() any
+	Exchange(object any, ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error)
+}

dns/transport/local/local_resolved_linux.go

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/service/resolved"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/control"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
+
+	"github.com/godbus/dbus/v5"
+	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
+)
+
+type DBusResolvedResolver struct {
+	ctx               context.Context
+	logger            logger.ContextLogger
+	interfaceMonitor  tun.DefaultInterfaceMonitor
+	interfaceCallback *list.Element[tun.DefaultInterfaceUpdateCallback]
+	systemBus         *dbus.Conn
+	resoledObject     atomic.Pointer[ResolvedObject]
+	closeOnce         sync.Once
+}
+
+type ResolvedObject struct {
+	dbus.BusObject
+	InterfaceIndex int32
+}
+
+func NewResolvedResolver(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger) (ResolvedResolver, error) {
+	interfaceMonitor := service.FromContext[adapter.NetworkManager](ctx).InterfaceMonitor()
+	if interfaceMonitor == nil {
+		return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	systemBus, err := dbus.SystemBus()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &DBusResolvedResolver{
+		ctx:              ctx,
+		logger:           logger,
+		interfaceMonitor: interfaceMonitor,
+		systemBus:        systemBus,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) Start() error {
+	t.updateStatus()
+	t.interfaceCallback = t.interfaceMonitor.RegisterCallback(t.updateDefaultInterface)
+	err := t.systemBus.BusObject().AddMatchSignal(
+		"org.freedesktop.DBus",
+		"NameOwnerChanged",
+		dbus.WithMatchSender("org.freedesktop.DBus"),
+		dbus.WithMatchArg(0, "org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager"),
+	).Err
+	if err != nil {
+		return E.Cause(err, "configure resolved restart listener")
+	}
+	go t.loopUpdateStatus()
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) Close() error {
+	t.closeOnce.Do(func() {
+		if t.interfaceCallback != nil {
+			t.interfaceMonitor.UnregisterCallback(t.interfaceCallback)
+		}
+		if t.systemBus != nil {
+			_ = t.systemBus.Close()
+		}
+	})
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) Object() any {
+	return common.PtrOrNil(t.resoledObject.Load())
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) Exchange(object any, ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	question := message.Question[0]
+	resolvedObject := object.(*ResolvedObject)
+	call := resolvedObject.CallWithContext(
+		ctx,
+		"org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager.ResolveRecord",
+		0,
+		resolvedObject.InterfaceIndex,
+		question.Name,
+		question.Qclass,
+		question.Qtype,
+		uint64(0),
+	)
+	if call.Err != nil {
+		var dbusError dbus.Error
+		if errors.As(call.Err, &dbusError) && dbusError.Name == "org.freedesktop.resolve1.NoNameServers" {
+			t.updateStatus()
+		}
+		return nil, E.Cause(call.Err, " resolve record via resolved")
+	}
+	var (
+		records  []resolved.ResourceRecord
+		outflags uint64
+	)
+	err := call.Store(&records, &outflags)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	response := &mDNS.Msg{
+		MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
+			Id:                 message.Id,
+			Response:           true,
+			Authoritative:      true,
+			RecursionDesired:   true,
+			RecursionAvailable: true,
+			Rcode:              mDNS.RcodeSuccess,
+		},
+		Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
+	}
+	for _, record := range records {
+		var rr mDNS.RR
+		rr, _, err = mDNS.UnpackRR(record.Data, 0)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "unpack resource record")
+		}
+		response.Answer = append(response.Answer, rr)
+	}
+	return response, nil
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) loopUpdateStatus() {
+	signalChan := make(chan *dbus.Signal, 1)
+	t.systemBus.Signal(signalChan)
+	for signal := range signalChan {
+		var restarted bool
+		if signal.Name == "org.freedesktop.DBus.NameOwnerChanged" {
+			if len(signal.Body) != 3 || signal.Body[2].(string) == "" {
+				continue
+			} else {
+				restarted = true
+			}
+		}
+		if restarted {
+			t.updateStatus()
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) updateStatus() {
+	dbusObject, err := t.checkResolved(context.Background())
+	oldValue := t.resoledObject.Swap(dbusObject)
+	if err != nil {
+		var dbusErr dbus.Error
+		if !errors.As(err, &dbusErr) || dbusErr.Name != "org.freedesktop.DBus.Error.NameHasNoOwnerCould" {
+			t.logger.Debug(E.Cause(err, "systemd-resolved service unavailable"))
+		}
+		if oldValue != nil {
+			t.logger.Debug("systemd-resolved service is gone")
+		}
+		return
+	} else if oldValue == nil {
+		t.logger.Debug("using systemd-resolved service as resolver")
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) checkResolved(ctx context.Context) (*ResolvedObject, error) {
+	dbusObject := t.systemBus.Object("org.freedesktop.resolve1", "/org/freedesktop/resolve1")
+	err := dbusObject.Call("org.freedesktop.DBus.Peer.Ping", 0).Err
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defaultInterface := t.interfaceMonitor.DefaultInterface()
+	if defaultInterface == nil {
+		return nil, E.New("missing default interface")
+	}
+	call := dbusObject.(*dbus.Object).CallWithContext(
+		ctx,
+		"org.freedesktop.resolve1.Manager.GetLink",
+		0,
+		int32(defaultInterface.Index),
+	)
+	if call.Err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var linkPath dbus.ObjectPath
+	err = call.Store(&linkPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	linkObject := t.systemBus.Object("org.freedesktop.resolve1", linkPath)
+	if linkObject == nil {
+		return nil, E.New("missing link object for default interface")
+	}
+	dnsProp, err := linkObject.GetProperty("org.freedesktop.resolve1.Link.DNS")
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var linkDNS []resolved.LinkDNS
+	err = dnsProp.Store(&linkDNS)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if len(linkDNS) == 0 {
+		for _, inbound := range service.FromContext[adapter.InboundManager](t.ctx).Inbounds() {
+			if inbound.Type() == C.TypeTun {
+				return nil, E.New("No appropriate name servers or networks for name found")
+			}
+		}
+		return &ResolvedObject{
+			BusObject: dbusObject,
+		}, nil
+	} else {
+		return &ResolvedObject{
+			BusObject:      dbusObject,
+			InterfaceIndex: int32(defaultInterface.Index),
+		}, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *DBusResolvedResolver) updateDefaultInterface(defaultInterface *control.Interface, flags int) {
+	t.updateStatus()
+}

dns/transport/local/local_resolved_stub.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+//go:build !linux
+
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+)
+
+func NewResolvedResolver(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger) (ResolvedResolver, error) {
+	return nil, os.ErrInvalid
+}

dns/transport/local/local_shared.go

@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+package local
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"math/rand"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+
+	mDNS "github.com/miekg/dns"
+)
+
+func (t *Transport) exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	systemConfig := getSystemDNSConfig(t.ctx)
+	if systemConfig.singleRequest || !(message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeA || message.Question[0].Qtype == mDNS.TypeAAAA) {
+		return t.exchangeSingleRequest(ctx, systemConfig, message, domain)
+	} else {
+		return t.exchangeParallel(ctx, systemConfig, message, domain)
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeSingleRequest(ctx context.Context, systemConfig *dnsConfig, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	var lastErr error
+	for _, fqdn := range systemConfig.nameList(domain) {
+		response, err := t.tryOneName(ctx, systemConfig, fqdn, message)
+		if err != nil {
+			lastErr = err
+			continue
+		}
+		return response, nil
+	}
+	return nil, lastErr
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeParallel(ctx context.Context, systemConfig *dnsConfig, message *mDNS.Msg, domain string) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	returned := make(chan struct{})
+	defer close(returned)
+	type queryResult struct {
+		response *mDNS.Msg
+		err      error
+	}
+	results := make(chan queryResult)
+	startRacer := func(ctx context.Context, fqdn string) {
+		response, err := t.tryOneName(ctx, systemConfig, fqdn, message)
+		if err == nil {
+			if response.Rcode != mDNS.RcodeSuccess {
+				err = dns.RcodeError(response.Rcode)
+			} else if len(dns.MessageToAddresses(response)) == 0 {
+				err = E.New(fqdn, ": empty result")
+			}
+		}
+		select {
+		case results <- queryResult{response, err}:
+		case <-returned:
+		}
+	}
+	queryCtx, queryCancel := context.WithCancel(ctx)
+	defer queryCancel()
+	var nameCount int
+	for _, fqdn := range systemConfig.nameList(domain) {
+		nameCount++
+		go startRacer(queryCtx, fqdn)
+	}
+	var errors []error
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		case result := <-results:
+			if result.err == nil {
+				return result.response, nil
+			}
+			errors = append(errors, result.err)
+			if len(errors) == nameCount {
+				return nil, E.Errors(errors...)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) tryOneName(ctx context.Context, config *dnsConfig, fqdn string, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	serverOffset := config.serverOffset()
+	sLen := uint32(len(config.servers))
+	var lastErr error
+	for i := 0; i < config.attempts; i++ {
+		for j := uint32(0); j < sLen; j++ {
+			server := config.servers[(serverOffset+j)%sLen]
+			question := message.Question[0]
+			question.Name = fqdn
+			response, err := t.exchangeOne(ctx, M.ParseSocksaddr(server), question, config.timeout, config.useTCP, config.trustAD)
+			if err != nil {
+				lastErr = err
+				continue
+			}
+			return response, nil
+		}
+	}
+	return nil, E.Cause(lastErr, fqdn)
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeOne(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, question mDNS.Question, timeout time.Duration, useTCP, ad bool) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	if server.Port == 0 {
+		server.Port = 53
+	}
+	request := &mDNS.Msg{
+		MsgHdr: mDNS.MsgHdr{
+			Id:                uint16(rand.Uint32()),
+			RecursionDesired:  true,
+			AuthenticatedData: ad,
+		},
+		Question: []mDNS.Question{question},
+		Compress: true,
+	}
+	request.SetEdns0(buf.UDPBufferSize, false)
+	if !useTCP {
+		return t.exchangeUDP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
+	} else {
+		return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeUDP(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, request *mDNS.Msg, timeout time.Duration) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	conn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, server)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	if deadline, loaded := ctx.Deadline(); loaded && !deadline.IsZero() {
+		newDeadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
+		if deadline.After(newDeadline) {
+			deadline = newDeadline
+		}
+		conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
+	}
+	buffer := buf.Get(buf.UDPBufferSize)
+	defer buf.Put(buffer)
+	rawMessage, err := request.PackBuffer(buffer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "pack request")
+	}
+	_, err = conn.Write(rawMessage)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, syscall.EMSGSIZE) {
+			return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
+		}
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "write request")
+	}
+	n, err := conn.Read(buffer)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, syscall.EMSGSIZE) {
+			return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
+		}
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "read response")
+	}
+	var response mDNS.Msg
+	err = response.Unpack(buffer[:n])
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "unpack response")
+	}
+	if response.Truncated {
+		return t.exchangeTCP(ctx, server, request, timeout)
+	}
+	return &response, nil
+}
+
+func (t *Transport) exchangeTCP(ctx context.Context, server M.Socksaddr, request *mDNS.Msg, timeout time.Duration) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+	conn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, server)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer conn.Close()
+	if deadline, loaded := ctx.Deadline(); loaded && !deadline.IsZero() {
+		newDeadline := time.Now().Add(timeout)
+		if deadline.After(newDeadline) {
+			deadline = newDeadline
+		}
+		conn.SetDeadline(deadline)
+	}
+	err = transport.WriteMessage(conn, 0, request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return transport.ReadMessage(conn)
+}

dns/transport/local/resolv_darwin_cgo.go

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-//go:build darwin && cgo
-
-package local
-
-/*
-#include <stdlib.h>
-#include <stdio.h>
-#include <resolv.h>
-#include <arpa/inet.h>
-*/
-import "C"
-
-import (
-	"context"
-	"time"
-
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-
-	"github.com/miekg/dns"
-)
-
-func dnsReadConfig(_ context.Context, _ string) *dnsConfig {
-	var state C.struct___res_state
-	if C.res_ninit(&state) != 0 {
-		return &dnsConfig{
-			servers:  defaultNS,
-			search:   dnsDefaultSearch(),
-			ndots:    1,
-			timeout:  5 * time.Second,
-			attempts: 2,
-			err:      E.New("libresolv initialization failed"),
-		}
-	}
-	conf := &dnsConfig{
-		ndots:    1,
-		timeout:  5 * time.Second,
-		attempts: int(state.retry),
-	}
-	for i := 0; i < int(state.nscount); i++ {
-		ns := state.nsaddr_list[i]
-		addr := C.inet_ntoa(ns.sin_addr)
-		if addr == nil {
-			continue
-		}
-		conf.servers = append(conf.servers, C.GoString(addr))
-	}
-	for i := 0; ; i++ {
-		search := state.dnsrch[i]
-		if search == nil {
-			break
-		}
-		conf.search = append(conf.search, dns.Fqdn(C.GoString(search)))
-	}
-	return conf
-}

dns/transport/local/resolv_unix.go

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-//go:build !windows && !(darwin && cgo)
+//go:build !windows
 
 package local
 

dns/transport/local/resolv_windows.go

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ import (
 	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
-	"strconv"
 	"syscall"
 	"time"
 	"unsafe"
@@ -64,9 +63,6 @@ func dnsReadConfig(ctx context.Context, _ string) *dnsConfig {
 					continue
 				}
 				dnsServerAddr = netip.AddrFrom16(sockaddr.Addr)
-				if sockaddr.ZoneId != 0 {
-					dnsServerAddr = dnsServerAddr.WithZone(strconv.FormatInt(int64(sockaddr.ZoneId), 10))
-				}
 			default:
 				// Unexpected type.
 				continue

dns/transport/quic/http3.go

@@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ func NewHTTP3(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options
 	}
 	tlsOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.TLS)
 	tlsOptions.Enabled = true
-	tlsConfig, err := tls.NewClient(ctx, options.Server, tlsOptions)
+	tlsConfig, err := tls.NewClient(ctx, logger, options.Server, tlsOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	stdConfig, err := tlsConfig.Config()
+	stdConfig, err := tlsConfig.STDConfig()
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ func NewHTTP3(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options
 		destination:      &destinationURL,
 		headers:          headers,
 		transport: &http3.Transport{
-			Dial: func(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsCfg *tls.STDConfig, cfg *quic.Config) (quic.EarlyConnection, error) {
+			Dial: func(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsCfg *tls.STDConfig, cfg *quic.Config) (*quic.Conn, error) {
 				conn, dialErr := transportDialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, serverAddr)
 				if dialErr != nil {
 					return nil, dialErr

dns/transport/quic/quic.go

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ type Transport struct {
 	serverAddr M.Socksaddr
 	tlsConfig  tls.Config
 	access     sync.Mutex
-	connection quic.EarlyConnection
+	connection *quic.Conn
 }
 
 func NewQUIC(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.RemoteTLSDNSServerOptions) (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func NewQUIC(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options
 	}
 	tlsOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.TLS)
 	tlsOptions.Enabled = true
-	tlsConfig, err := tls.NewClient(ctx, options.Server, tlsOptions)
+	tlsConfig, err := tls.NewClient(ctx, logger, options.Server, tlsOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ func (t *Transport) Close() error {
 
 func (t *Transport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
 	var (
-		conn     quic.Connection
+		conn     *quic.Conn
 		err      error
 		response *mDNS.Msg
 	)
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ func (t *Transport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.Msg,
 	return nil, err
 }
 
-func (t *Transport) openConnection() (quic.EarlyConnection, error) {
+func (t *Transport) openConnection() (*quic.Conn, error) {
 	connection := t.connection
 	if connection != nil && !common.Done(connection.Context()) {
 		return connection, nil
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ func (t *Transport) openConnection() (quic.EarlyConnection, error) {
 	return earlyConnection, nil
 }
 
-func (t *Transport) exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, conn quic.Connection) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
+func (t *Transport) exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg, conn *quic.Conn) (*mDNS.Msg, error) {
 	stream, err := conn.OpenStreamSync(ctx)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err

dns/transport/tls.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ func RegisterTLS(registry *dns.TransportRegistry) {
 type TLSTransport struct {
 	dns.TransportAdapter
 	logger      logger.ContextLogger
-	dialer      N.Dialer
+	dialer      tls.Dialer
 	serverAddr  M.Socksaddr
 	tlsConfig   tls.Config
 	access      sync.Mutex
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ func NewTLS(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options o
 	}
 	tlsOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.TLS)
 	tlsOptions.Enabled = true
-	tlsConfig, err := tls.NewClient(ctx, options.Server, tlsOptions)
+	tlsConfig, err := tls.NewClient(ctx, logger, options.Server, tlsOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ func NewTLSRaw(logger logger.ContextLogger, adapter dns.TransportAdapter, dialer
 	return &TLSTransport{
 		TransportAdapter: adapter,
 		logger:           logger,
-		dialer:           dialer,
+		dialer:           tls.NewDialer(dialer, tlsConfig),
 		serverAddr:       serverAddr,
 		tlsConfig:        tlsConfig,
 	}
@@ -100,15 +100,10 @@ func (t *TLSTransport) Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *mDNS.Msg) (*mDNS.M
 			return response, nil
 		}
 	}
-	tcpConn, err := t.dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, t.serverAddr)
+	tlsConn, err := t.dialer.DialTLSContext(ctx, t.serverAddr)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	tlsConn, err := tls.ClientHandshake(ctx, tcpConn, t.tlsConfig)
-	if err != nil {
-		tcpConn.Close()
-		return nil, err
-	}
 	return t.exchange(message, &tlsDNSConn{Conn: tlsConn})
 }
 

dns/transport_manager.go

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ type TransportManager struct {
 	transportByTag           map[string]adapter.DNSTransport
 	dependByTag              map[string][]string
 	defaultTransport         adapter.DNSTransport
-	defaultTransportFallback adapter.DNSTransport
+	defaultTransportFallback func() (adapter.DNSTransport, error)
 	fakeIPTransport          adapter.FakeIPTransport
 }
 
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ func NewTransportManager(logger logger.ContextLogger, registry adapter.DNSTransp
 	}
 }
 
-func (m *TransportManager) Initialize(defaultTransportFallback adapter.DNSTransport) {
+func (m *TransportManager) Initialize(defaultTransportFallback func() (adapter.DNSTransport, error)) {
 	m.defaultTransportFallback = defaultTransportFallback
 }
 
@@ -56,14 +56,27 @@ func (m *TransportManager) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
 	}
 	m.started = true
 	m.stage = stage
-	transports := m.transports
-	m.access.Unlock()
 	if stage == adapter.StartStateStart {
 		if m.defaultTag != "" && m.defaultTransport == nil {
+			m.access.Unlock()
 			return E.New("default DNS server not found: ", m.defaultTag)
 		}
-		return m.startTransports(m.transports)
+		if m.defaultTransport == nil {
+			defaultTransport, err := m.defaultTransportFallback()
+			if err != nil {
+				m.access.Unlock()
+				return E.Cause(err, "default DNS server fallback")
+			}
+			m.transports = append(m.transports, defaultTransport)
+			m.transportByTag[defaultTransport.Tag()] = defaultTransport
+			m.defaultTransport = defaultTransport
+		}
+		transports := m.transports
+		m.access.Unlock()
+		return m.startTransports(transports)
 	} else {
+		transports := m.transports
+		m.access.Unlock()
 		for _, outbound := range transports {
 			err := adapter.LegacyStart(outbound, stage)
 			if err != nil {
@@ -172,11 +185,7 @@ func (m *TransportManager) Transport(tag string) (adapter.DNSTransport, bool) {
 func (m *TransportManager) Default() adapter.DNSTransport {
 	m.access.RLock()
 	defer m.access.RUnlock()
-	if m.defaultTransport != nil {
-		return m.defaultTransport
-	} else {
-		return m.defaultTransportFallback
-	}
+	return m.defaultTransport
 }
 
 func (m *TransportManager) FakeIP() adapter.FakeIPTransport {

docs/changelog.md

@@ -2,112 +2,34 @@
 icon: material/alert-decagram
 ---
 
-#### 1.12.25
-
-* Backport fixes
-
-#### 1.12.25
-
-* Backport fixes
-
-#### 1.12.23
-
-* Fixes and improvements
-
-#### 1.12.22
-
-* Fixes and improvements
-
-#### 1.12.21
-
-* Fixes and improvements
-
-#### 1.12.20
-
-* Fixes and improvements
-
-#### 1.12.19
-
-* Fixes and improvements
-
-#### 1.12.18
-
-* Add fallback routing rule for `auto_redirect` **1**
-* Fixes and improvements
-
-**1**:
-
-Adds a fallback iproute2 rule checked after system default rules (32766: main, 32767: default),
-ensuring traffic is routed to the sing-box table when no route is found in system tables.
-
-The rule index can be customized via `auto_redirect_iproute2_fallback_rule_index` (default: 32768).
-
-#### 1.12.17
-
-* Update uTLS to v1.8.2 **1**
-* Fixes and improvements
-
-**1**:
-
-This update fixes missing padding extension for Chrome 120+ fingerprints.
-
-Also, documentation has been updated with a warning about uTLS fingerprinting vulnerabilities.
-uTLS is not recommended for censorship circumvention due to fundamental architectural limitations;
-use NaiveProxy instead for TLS fingerprint resistance.
-
-#### 1.12.16
-
-* Fixes and improvements
-
-#### 1.12.15
-
-* Fixes and improvements
-
-#### 1.12.14
-
-* Fixes and improvements
-
-#### 1.12.13
-
-* Fix naive inbound
-* Fixes and improvements
-
-__Unfortunately, for non-technical reasons, we are currently unable to notarize the standalone version of the macOS client:
-because system extensions require signatures to function, we have had to temporarily halt its release.__
-
-__We plan to fix the App Store release issue and launch a new standalone desktop client, but until then,
-only clients on TestFlight will be available (unless you have an Apple Developer Program and compile from source code).__
-
-#### 1.12.12
-
-* Fixes and improvements
-
-#### 1.12.11
-
-* Fixes and improvements
-
-#### 1.12.10
-
-* Update uTLS to v1.8.1 **1**
-* Fixes and improvements
-
-**1**:
-
-This update fixes an critical issue that could cause simulated Chrome fingerprints to be detected,
-see https://github.com/refraction-networking/utls/pull/375.
-
-#### 1.12.9
+#### 1.13.0-alpha.15
 
+* Update quic-go to v0.54.0
+* Update gVisor to v20250811
+* Update Tailscale to v1.86.5
 * Fixes and improvements
 
 #### 1.12.8
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
+#### 1.13.0-alpha.11
+
+* Fixes and improvements
+
 #### 1.12.5
 
 * Fixes and improvements
 
+#### 1.13.0-alpha.10
+
+* Improve kTLS support **1**
+* Fixes and improvements
+
+**1**:
+
+kTLS is now compatible with custom TLS implementations other than uTLS.
+
 #### 1.12.4
 
 * Fixes and improvements
@@ -190,8 +112,7 @@ See [Tailscale](/configuration/endpoint/tailscale/).
 
 Due to maintenance difficulties, sing-box 1.12.0 requires at least Go 1.23 to compile.
 
-For Windows 7 users, legacy binaries now continue to compile with Go 1.23 and patches
-from [MetaCubeX/go](https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go).
+For Windows 7 users, legacy binaries now continue to compile with Go 1.23 and patches from [MetaCubeX/go](https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go).
 
 **7**:
 
@@ -253,8 +174,7 @@ See [Tun](/configuration/inbound/tun/#loopback_address).
 
 We have significantly improved the performance of tun inbound on Apple platforms, especially in the gVisor stack.
 
-The following data was tested
-using [tun_bench](https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/blob/dev-next/cmd/internal/tun_bench/main.go) on M4 MacBook pro.
+The following data was tested using [tun_bench](https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/blob/dev-next/cmd/internal/tun_bench/main.go) on M4 MacBook pro.
 
 | Version     | Stack  | MTU   | Upload | Download |
 |-------------|--------|-------|--------|----------|
@@ -273,8 +193,8 @@ using [tun_bench](https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/blob/dev-next/cmd/interna
 
 **18**:
 
-We continue to experience issues updating our sing-box apps on the App Store and Play Store.
-Until we rewrite and resubmit the apps, they are considered irrecoverable.
+We continue to experience issues updating our sing-box apps on the App Store and Play Store. 
+Until we rewrite and resubmit the apps, they are considered irrecoverable. 
 Therefore, after this release, we will not be repeating this notice unless there is new information.
 
 ### 1.11.15
@@ -555,8 +475,7 @@ See [AnyTLS Inbound](/configuration/inbound/anytls/) and [AnyTLS Outbound](/conf
 
 **2**:
 
-`resolve` route action now accepts `disable_cache` and other options like in DNS route actions,
-see [Route Action](/configuration/route/rule_action).
+`resolve` route action now accepts `disable_cache` and other options like in DNS route actions, see [Route Action](/configuration/route/rule_action).
 
 **3**:
 
@@ -587,8 +506,7 @@ See [Tailscale](/configuration/endpoint/tailscale/).
 
 Due to maintenance difficulties, sing-box 1.12.0 requires at least Go 1.23 to compile.
 
-For Windows 7 users, legacy binaries now continue to compile with Go 1.23 and patches
-from [MetaCubeX/go](https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go).
+For Windows 7 users, legacy binaries now continue to compile with Go 1.23 and patches from [MetaCubeX/go](https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go).
 
 ### 1.11.3
 

docs/clients/apple/index.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ platform-specific function implementation, such as TUN transparent proxy impleme
 
 !!! failure ""
 
-    Due to non-technical reasons, we are temporarily unable to update the sing-box app on the App Store and release the standalone version of the macOS client (TestFlight users are not affected)
+    We are temporarily unable to update sing-box apps on the App Store because the reviewer mistakenly found that we violated the rules (TestFlight users are not affected).
 
 ## :material-graph: Requirements
 
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ platform-specific function implementation, such as TUN transparent proxy impleme
 
 ## :material-download: Download
 
-* ~~[App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/sing-box-vt/id6673731168)~~
+* [App Store](https://apps.apple.com/app/sing-box-vt/id6673731168)
 * TestFlight (Beta)
 
 TestFlight quota is only available to [sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/nekohasekai)
@@ -26,15 +26,15 @@ TestFlight quota is only available to [sponsors](https://github.com/sponsors/nek
 Once you donate, you can get an invitation by join our Telegram group for sponsors from [@yet_another_sponsor_bot](https://t.me/yet_another_sponsor_bot)
 or sending us your Apple ID [via email](mailto:contact@sagernet.org).
 
-## ~~:material-file-download: Download (macOS standalone version)~~
+## :material-file-download: Download (macOS standalone version)
 
-* ~~[Homebrew Cask](https://formulae.brew.sh/cask/sfm)~~
+* [Homebrew Cask](https://formulae.brew.sh/cask/sfm)
 
 ```bash
-# brew install sfm
+brew install sfm
 ```
 
-* ~~[GitHub Releases](https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases)~~
+* [GitHub Releases](https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/releases)
 
 ## :material-source-repository: Source code
 

docs/configuration/dns/rule.md

@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 icon: material/alert-decagram
 ---
 
+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+    :material-plus: [interface_address](#interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [network_interface_address](#network_interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [default_interface_address](#default_interface_address)
+
 !!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.12.0"
 
     :material-plus: [ip_accept_any](#ip_accept_any)  
@@ -130,6 +136,19 @@ icon: material/alert-decagram
         ],
         "network_is_expensive": false,
         "network_is_constrained": false,
+        "interface_address": {
+          "en0": [
+            "2000::/3"
+          ]
+        },
+        "network_interface_address": {
+          "wifi": [
+            "2000::/3"
+          ]
+        },
+        "default_interface_address": [
+          "2000::/3"
+        ],
         "wifi_ssid": [
           "My WIFI"
         ],
@@ -359,6 +378,36 @@ such as Cellular or a Personal Hotspot (on Apple platforms).
 
 Match if network is in Low Data Mode.
 
+#### interface_address
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    Only supported on Linux, Windows, and macOS.
+
+Match interface address.
+
+#### network_interface_address
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    Only supported in graphical clients on Android and Apple platforms.
+
+Matches network interface (same values as `network_type`) address.
+
+#### default_interface_address
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    Only supported on Linux, Windows, and macOS.
+
+Match default interface address.
+
 #### wifi_ssid
 
 !!! quote ""

docs/configuration/dns/rule.zh.md

@@ -2,6 +2,12 @@
 icon: material/alert-decagram
 ---
 
+!!! quote "sing-box 1.13.0 中的更改"
+
+    :material-plus: [interface_address](#interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [network_interface_address](#network_interface_address)  
+    :material-plus: [default_interface_address](#default_interface_address)
+
 !!! quote "sing-box 1.12.0 中的更改"
 
     :material-plus: [ip_accept_any](#ip_accept_any)  
@@ -130,6 +136,19 @@ icon: material/alert-decagram
         ],
         "network_is_expensive": false,
         "network_is_constrained": false,
+        "interface_address": {
+          "en0": [
+            "2000::/3"
+          ]
+        },
+        "network_interface_address": {
+          "wifi": [
+            "2000::/3"
+          ]
+        },
+        "default_interface_address": [
+          "2000::/3"
+        ],
         "wifi_ssid": [
           "My WIFI"
         ],
@@ -358,6 +377,36 @@ Available values: `wifi`, `cellular`, `ethernet` and `other`.
 
 匹配如果网络在低数据模式下。
 
+#### interface_address
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    仅支持 Linux、Windows 和 macOS.
+
+匹配接口地址。
+
+#### network_interface_address
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    仅在 Android 与 Apple 平台图形客户端中支持。
+
+匹配网络接口（可用值同 `network_type`）地址。
+
+#### default_interface_address
+
+!!! question "自 sing-box 1.13.0 起"
+
+!!! quote ""
+
+    仅支持 Linux、Windows 和 macOS.
+
+匹配默认接口地址。
+
 #### wifi_ssid
 
 !!! quote ""

docs/configuration/dns/server/local.md

@@ -2,6 +2,10 @@
 icon: material/new-box
 ---
 
+!!! quote "Changes in sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+    :material-plus: [prefer_go](#prefer_go)  
+
 !!! question "Since sing-box 1.12.0"
 
 # Local
@@ -15,6 +19,7 @@ icon: material/new-box
       {
         "type": "local",
         "tag": "",
+        "prefer_go": false
 
         // Dial Fields
       }
@@ -24,10 +29,33 @@ icon: material/new-box
 ```
 
 !!! info "Difference from legacy local server"
-    
+
     * The old legacy local server only handles IP requests; the new one handles all types of requests and supports concurrent for IP requests.
     * The old local server uses default outbound by default unless detour is specified; the new one uses dialer just like outbound, which is equivalent to using an empty direct outbound by default.
 
+### Fields
+
+#### prefer_go
+
+!!! question "Since sing-box 1.13.0"
+
+When enabled, `local` DNS server will resolve DNS by dialing itself whenever possible.
+
+Specifically, it disables following behaviors which was added as features in sing-box 1.13.0:
+
+1. On Apple platforms: Attempt to resolve A/AAAA requests using `getaddrinfo` in NetworkExtension.
+2. On Linux: Resolve through `systemd-resolvd`'s DBus interface when available.
+
+As a sole exception, it cannot disable the following behavior:
+
+1. In the Android graphical client,
+`local` will always resolve DNS through the platform interface,
+as there is no other way to obtain upstream DNS servers;
+On devices running Android versions lower than 10, this interface can only resolve A/AAAA requests.
+
+2. On macOS, `local` will try DHCP first in Network Extension, since DHCP respects DIal Fields,
+it will not be disabled by `prefer_go`.
+
 ### Dial Fields
 
 See [Dial Fields](/configuration/shared/dial/) for details.

docs/configuration/endpoint/index.md

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
----
-icon: material/new-box
----
-
 !!! question "Since sing-box 1.11.0"
 
 # Endpoint

docs/configuration/endpoint/index.zh.md

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
----
-icon: material/new-box
----
-
 !!! question "自 sing-box 1.11.0 起"
 
 # 端点

docs/configuration/endpoint/wireguard.md

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
----
-icon: material/new-box
----
-
 !!! question "Since sing-box 1.11.0"
 
 ### Structure

docs/configuration/endpoint/wireguard.zh.md

@@ -1,7 +1,3 @@
----
-icon: material/new-box
----
-
 !!! question "自 sing-box 1.11.0 起"
 
 ### 结构