Refactor: HTTP clients, unified HTTP2/QUIC options

This reverts commit 62cb06c02f.

.fpm_pacman

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+-s dir
+--name sing-box
+--category net
+--license GPL-3.0-or-later
+--description "The universal proxy platform."
+--url "https://sing-box.sagernet.org/"
+--maintainer "nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>"
+--config-files etc/sing-box/config.json
+--after-install release/config/sing-box.postinst
+
+release/config/config.json=/etc/sing-box/config.json
+
+release/config/sing-box.service=/usr/lib/systemd/system/sing-box.service
+release/config/sing-box@.service=/usr/lib/systemd/system/sing-box@.service
+release/config/sing-box.sysusers=/usr/lib/sysusers.d/sing-box.conf
+release/config/sing-box.rules=usr/share/polkit-1/rules.d/sing-box.rules
+release/config/sing-box-split-dns.xml=/usr/share/dbus-1/system.d/sing-box-split-dns.conf
+
+release/completions/sing-box.bash=/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/sing-box.bash
+release/completions/sing-box.fish=/usr/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/sing-box.fish
+release/completions/sing-box.zsh=/usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_sing-box
+
+LICENSE=/usr/share/licenses/sing-box/LICENSE

.fpm_systemd

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 --license GPL-3.0-or-later
 --description "The universal proxy platform."
 --url "https://sing-box.sagernet.org/"
+--vendor SagerNet
 --maintainer "nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>"
 --deb-field "Bug: https://github.com/SagerNet/sing-box/issues"
 --no-deb-generate-changes

.github/CRONET_GO_VERSION

@@ -1 +1 @@
-92d4602aba0ab6084673af0fe4887dccbc1049a5
+335e5bef5d88fc4474c9a70b865561f45a67de83

.github/build_alpine_apk.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e -o pipefail
+
+ARCHITECTURE="$1"
+VERSION="$2"
+BINARY_PATH="$3"
+OUTPUT_PATH="$4"
+
+if [ -z "$ARCHITECTURE" ] || [ -z "$VERSION" ] || [ -z "$BINARY_PATH" ] || [ -z "$OUTPUT_PATH" ]; then
+  echo "Usage: $0 <architecture> <version> <binary_path> <output_path>"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+PROJECT=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."; pwd)
+
+# Convert version to APK format:
+#   1.13.0-beta.8  -> 1.13.0_beta8-r0
+#   1.13.0-rc.3    -> 1.13.0_rc3-r0
+#   1.13.0         -> 1.13.0-r0
+APK_VERSION=$(echo "$VERSION" | sed -E 's/-([a-z]+)\.([0-9]+)/_\1\2/')
+APK_VERSION="${APK_VERSION}-r0"
+
+ROOT_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
+trap 'rm -rf "$ROOT_DIR"' EXIT
+
+# Binary
+install -Dm755 "$BINARY_PATH" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/bin/sing-box"
+
+# Config files
+install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/config/config.json" "$ROOT_DIR/etc/sing-box/config.json"
+install -Dm755 "$PROJECT/release/config/sing-box.initd" "$ROOT_DIR/etc/init.d/sing-box"
+install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/config/sing-box.confd" "$ROOT_DIR/etc/conf.d/sing-box"
+
+# Service files
+install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/config/sing-box.service" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/lib/systemd/system/sing-box.service"
+install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/config/sing-box@.service" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/lib/systemd/system/sing-box@.service"
+
+# Completions
+install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/completions/sing-box.bash" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/sing-box.bash"
+install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/completions/sing-box.fish" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/sing-box.fish"
+install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/completions/sing-box.zsh" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_sing-box"
+
+# License
+install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/LICENSE" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/share/licenses/sing-box/LICENSE"
+
+# APK metadata
+PACKAGES_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/lib/apk/packages"
+mkdir -p "$PACKAGES_DIR"
+
+# .conffiles
+cat > "$PACKAGES_DIR/.conffiles" <<'EOF'
+/etc/conf.d/sing-box
+/etc/init.d/sing-box
+/etc/sing-box/config.json
+EOF
+
+# .conffiles_static (sha256 checksums)
+while IFS= read -r conffile; do
+  sha256=$(sha256sum "$ROOT_DIR$conffile" | cut -d' ' -f1)
+  echo "$conffile $sha256"
+done < "$PACKAGES_DIR/.conffiles" > "$PACKAGES_DIR/.conffiles_static"
+
+# .list (all files, excluding lib/apk/packages/ metadata)
+(cd "$ROOT_DIR" && find . -type f -o -type l) \
+  | sed 's|^\./|/|' \
+  | grep -v '^/lib/apk/packages/' \
+  | sort > "$PACKAGES_DIR/.list"
+
+# Build APK
+apk mkpkg \
+  --info "name:sing-box" \
+  --info "version:${APK_VERSION}" \
+  --info "description:The universal proxy platform." \
+  --info "arch:${ARCHITECTURE}" \
+  --info "license:GPL-3.0-or-later with name use or association addition" \
+  --info "origin:sing-box" \
+  --info "url:https://sing-box.sagernet.org/" \
+  --info "maintainer:nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>" \
+  --files "$ROOT_DIR" \
+  --output "$OUTPUT_PATH"

.github/build_openwrt_apk.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e -o pipefail
+
+ARCHITECTURE="$1"
+VERSION="$2"
+BINARY_PATH="$3"
+OUTPUT_PATH="$4"
+
+if [ -z "$ARCHITECTURE" ] || [ -z "$VERSION" ] || [ -z "$BINARY_PATH" ] || [ -z "$OUTPUT_PATH" ]; then
+  echo "Usage: $0 <architecture> <version> <binary_path> <output_path>"
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+PROJECT=$(cd "$(dirname "$0")/.."; pwd)
+
+# Convert version to APK format:
+#   1.13.0-beta.8  -> 1.13.0_beta8-r0
+#   1.13.0-rc.3    -> 1.13.0_rc3-r0
+#   1.13.0         -> 1.13.0-r0
+APK_VERSION=$(echo "$VERSION" | sed -E 's/-([a-z]+)\.([0-9]+)/_\1\2/')
+APK_VERSION="${APK_VERSION}-r0"
+
+ROOT_DIR=$(mktemp -d)
+trap 'rm -rf "$ROOT_DIR"' EXIT
+
+# Binary
+install -Dm755 "$BINARY_PATH" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/bin/sing-box"
+
+# Config files
+install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/config/config.json" "$ROOT_DIR/etc/sing-box/config.json"
+install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/config/openwrt.conf" "$ROOT_DIR/etc/config/sing-box"
+install -Dm755 "$PROJECT/release/config/openwrt.init" "$ROOT_DIR/etc/init.d/sing-box"
+install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/config/openwrt.keep" "$ROOT_DIR/lib/upgrade/keep.d/sing-box"
+
+# Completions
+install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/completions/sing-box.bash" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/share/bash-completion/completions/sing-box.bash"
+install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/completions/sing-box.fish" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/share/fish/vendor_completions.d/sing-box.fish"
+install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/release/completions/sing-box.zsh" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/share/zsh/site-functions/_sing-box"
+
+# License
+install -Dm644 "$PROJECT/LICENSE" "$ROOT_DIR/usr/share/licenses/sing-box/LICENSE"
+
+# APK metadata
+PACKAGES_DIR="$ROOT_DIR/lib/apk/packages"
+mkdir -p "$PACKAGES_DIR"
+
+# .conffiles
+cat > "$PACKAGES_DIR/.conffiles" <<'EOF'
+/etc/config/sing-box
+/etc/sing-box/config.json
+EOF
+
+# .conffiles_static (sha256 checksums)
+while IFS= read -r conffile; do
+  sha256=$(sha256sum "$ROOT_DIR$conffile" | cut -d' ' -f1)
+  echo "$conffile $sha256"
+done < "$PACKAGES_DIR/.conffiles" > "$PACKAGES_DIR/.conffiles_static"
+
+# .list (all files, excluding lib/apk/packages/ metadata)
+(cd "$ROOT_DIR" && find . -type f -o -type l) \
+  | sed 's|^\./|/|' \
+  | grep -v '^/lib/apk/packages/' \
+  | sort > "$PACKAGES_DIR/.list"
+
+# Build APK
+apk mkpkg \
+  --info "name:sing-box" \
+  --info "version:${APK_VERSION}" \
+  --info "description:The universal proxy platform." \
+  --info "arch:${ARCHITECTURE}" \
+  --info "license:GPL-3.0-or-later" \
+  --info "origin:sing-box" \
+  --info "url:https://sing-box.sagernet.org/" \
+  --info "maintainer:nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>" \
+  --info "depends:ca-bundle kmod-inet-diag kmod-tun firewall4 kmod-nft-queue" \
+  --info "provider-priority:100" \
+  --script "pre-deinstall:${PROJECT}/release/config/openwrt.prerm" \
+  --files "$ROOT_DIR" \
+  --output "$OUTPUT_PATH"

.github/detect_track.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+set -euo pipefail
+
+branches=$(git branch -r --contains HEAD)
+if echo "$branches" | grep -q 'origin/stable'; then
+  track=stable
+elif echo "$branches" | grep -q 'origin/testing'; then
+  track=testing
+elif echo "$branches" | grep -q 'origin/oldstable'; then
+  track=oldstable
+else
+  echo "ERROR: HEAD is not on any known release branch (stable/testing/oldstable)" >&2
+  exit 1
+fi
+
+if [[ "$track" == "stable" ]]; then
+  tag=$(git describe --tags --exact-match HEAD 2>/dev/null || true)
+  if [[ -n "$tag" && "$tag" == *"-"* ]]; then
+    track=beta
+  fi
+fi
+
+case "$track" in
+  stable)    name=sing-box;           docker_tag=latest ;;
+  beta)      name=sing-box-beta;      docker_tag=latest-beta ;;
+  testing)   name=sing-box-testing;   docker_tag=latest-testing ;;
+  oldstable) name=sing-box-oldstable; docker_tag=latest-oldstable ;;
+esac
+
+echo "track=${track} name=${name} docker_tag=${docker_tag}" >&2
+echo "TRACK=${track}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+echo "NAME=${name}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+echo "DOCKER_TAG=${docker_tag}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"

.github/renovate.json

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
     ":disableRateLimiting"
   ],
   "baseBranches": [
-    "dev-next"
+    "unstable"
   ],
   "golang": {
     "enabled": false

.github/setup_go_for_macos1013.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -euo pipefail
+
+VERSION="1.25.8"
+PATCH_COMMITS=(
+  "afe69d3cec1c6dcf0f1797b20546795730850070"
+  "1ed289b0cf87dc5aae9c6fe1aa5f200a83412938"
+)
+CURL_ARGS=(
+  -fL
+  --silent
+  --show-error
+)
+
+if [[ -n "${GITHUB_TOKEN:-}" ]]; then
+  CURL_ARGS+=(-H "Authorization: Bearer ${GITHUB_TOKEN}")
+fi
+
+mkdir -p "$HOME/go"
+cd "$HOME/go"
+wget "https://dl.google.com/go/go${VERSION}.darwin-arm64.tar.gz"
+tar -xzf "go${VERSION}.darwin-arm64.tar.gz"
+#cp -a go go_bootstrap
+mv go go_osx
+cd go_osx
+
+# these patch URLs only work on golang1.25.x
+# that means after golang1.26 release it must be changed
+# see: https://github.com/SagerNet/go/commits/release-branch.go1.25/
+# revert:
+# 33d3f603c1: "cmd/link/internal/ld: use 12.0.0 OS/SDK versions for macOS linking"
+# 937368f84e: "crypto/x509: change how we retrieve chains on darwin"
+
+for patch_commit in "${PATCH_COMMITS[@]}"; do
+  curl "${CURL_ARGS[@]}" "https://github.com/SagerNet/go/commit/${patch_commit}.diff" | patch --verbose -p 1
+done
+
+# Rebuild is not needed: we build with CGO_ENABLED=1, so Apple's external
+# linker handles LC_BUILD_VERSION via MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET, and the
+# stdlib (crypto/x509) is compiled from patched src automatically.
+#cd src
+#GOROOT_BOOTSTRAP="$HOME/go/go_bootstrap" ./make.bash
+#cd ../..
+#rm -rf go_bootstrap "go${VERSION}.darwin-arm64.tar.gz"

.github/setup_go_for_windows7.sh

@@ -1,16 +1,35 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
-VERSION="1.25.5"
+set -euo pipefail
 
-mkdir -p $HOME/go
-cd $HOME/go
+VERSION="1.25.8"
+PATCH_COMMITS=(
+  "466f6c7a29bc098b0d4c987b803c779222894a11"
+  "1bdabae205052afe1dadb2ad6f1ba612cdbc532a"
+  "a90777dcf692dd2168577853ba743b4338721b06"
+  "f6bddda4e8ff58a957462a1a09562924d5f3d05c"
+  "bed309eff415bcb3c77dd4bc3277b682b89a388d"
+  "34b899c2fb39b092db4fa67c4417e41dc046be4b"
+)
+CURL_ARGS=(
+  -fL
+  --silent
+  --show-error
+)
+
+if [[ -n "${GITHUB_TOKEN:-}" ]]; then
+  CURL_ARGS+=(-H "Authorization: Bearer ${GITHUB_TOKEN}")
+fi
+
+mkdir -p "$HOME/go"
+cd "$HOME/go"
 wget "https://dl.google.com/go/go${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
 tar -xzf "go${VERSION}.linux-amd64.tar.gz"
 mv go go_win7
 cd go_win7
 
 # modify from https://github.com/restic/restic/issues/4636#issuecomment-1896455557
-# this patch file only works on golang1.25.x
+# these patch URLs only work on golang1.25.x
 # that means after golang1.26 release it must be changed
 # see: https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commits/release-branch.go1.25/
 # revert:
@@ -18,10 +37,10 @@ cd go_win7
 # 7c1157f9544922e96945196b47b95664b1e39108: "net: remove sysSocket fallback for Windows 7"
 # 48042aa09c2f878c4faa576948b07fe625c4707a: "syscall: remove Windows 7 console handle workaround"
 # a17d959debdb04cd550016a3501dd09d50cd62e7: "runtime: always use LoadLibraryEx to load system libraries"
+# fixes:
+# bed309eff415bcb3c77dd4bc3277b682b89a388d: "Fix os.RemoveAll not working on Windows7"
+# 34b899c2fb39b092db4fa67c4417e41dc046be4b: "Revert \"os: remove 5ms sleep on Windows in (*Process).Wait\""
 
-alias curl='curl -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}"'
-
-curl https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/8cb5472d94c34b88733a81091bd328e70ee565a4.diff | patch --verbose -p 1
-curl https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/6788c4c6f9fafb56729bad6b660f7ee2272d699f.diff | patch --verbose -p 1
-curl https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/a5b2168bb836ed9d6601c626f95e56c07923f906.diff | patch --verbose -p 1
-curl https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/f56f1e23507e646c85243a71bde7b9629b2f970c.diff | patch --verbose -p 1
+for patch_commit in "${PATCH_COMMITS[@]}"; do
+  curl "${CURL_ARGS[@]}" "https://github.com/MetaCubeX/go/commit/${patch_commit}.diff" | patch --verbose -p 1
+done

.github/update_cronet.sh

@@ -10,4 +10,4 @@ git -C $PROJECTS/cronet-go fetch origin go
 go get -x github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/all@$(git -C $PROJECTS/cronet-go rev-parse origin/go)
 go get -x github.com/sagernet/cronet-go@$(git -C $PROJECTS/cronet-go rev-parse origin/go)
 go mod tidy
-git -C $PROJECTS/cronet-go rev-parse origin/HEAD > "$SCRIPT_DIR/CRONET_GO_VERSION"
+git -C $PROJECTS/cronet-go rev-parse origin/go > "$SCRIPT_DIR/CRONET_GO_VERSION"

.github/update_cronet_dev.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e -o pipefail
+
+SCRIPT_DIR=$(dirname "$0")
+PROJECTS=$SCRIPT_DIR/../..
+
+git -C $PROJECTS/cronet-go fetch origin dev
+git -C $PROJECTS/cronet-go fetch origin go_dev
+go get -x github.com/sagernet/cronet-go/all@$(git -C $PROJECTS/cronet-go rev-parse origin/go_dev)
+go get -x github.com/sagernet/cronet-go@$(git -C $PROJECTS/cronet-go rev-parse origin/go_dev)
+go mod tidy
+git -C $PROJECTS/cronet-go rev-parse origin/dev > "$SCRIPT_DIR/CRONET_GO_VERSION"

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -25,8 +25,9 @@ on:
           - publish-android
   push:
     branches:
-      - main-next
-      - dev-next
+      - stable
+      - testing
+      - unstable
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.event_name }}-${{ inputs.build }}
@@ -46,7 +47,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.5
+          go-version: ~1.25.8
       - name: Check input version
         if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
         run: |-
@@ -71,33 +72,41 @@ jobs:
         include:
           - { os: linux, arch: amd64, variant: purego, naive: true }
           - { os: linux, arch: amd64, variant: glibc, naive: true }
-          - { os: linux, arch: amd64, variant: musl, naive: true, debian: amd64, rpm: x86_64, pacman: x86_64, openwrt: "x86_64" }
+          - { os: linux, arch: amd64, variant: musl, naive: true, debian: amd64, rpm: x86_64, pacman: x86_64, alpine: x86_64, openwrt: "x86_64" }
 
           - { os: linux, arch: arm64, variant: purego, naive: true }
           - { os: linux, arch: arm64, variant: glibc, naive: true }
-          - { os: linux, arch: arm64, variant: musl, naive: true, debian: arm64, rpm: aarch64, pacman: aarch64, openwrt: "aarch64_cortex-a53 aarch64_cortex-a72 aarch64_cortex-a76 aarch64_generic" }
+          - { os: linux, arch: arm64, variant: musl, naive: true, debian: arm64, rpm: aarch64, pacman: aarch64, alpine: aarch64, openwrt: "aarch64_cortex-a53 aarch64_cortex-a72 aarch64_cortex-a76 aarch64_generic" }
 
           - { os: linux, arch: "386", go386: sse2 }
           - { os: linux, arch: "386", variant: glibc, naive: true, go386: sse2 }
-          - { os: linux, arch: "386", variant: musl, naive: true, go386: sse2, debian: i386, rpm: i386, openwrt: "i386_pentium4" }
+          - { os: linux, arch: "386", variant: musl, naive: true, go386: sse2, debian: i386, rpm: i386, alpine: x86, openwrt: "i386_pentium4" }
 
           - { os: linux, arch: arm, goarm: "7" }
           - { os: linux, arch: arm, variant: glibc, naive: true, goarm: "7" }
-          - { os: linux, arch: arm, variant: musl, naive: true, goarm: "7", debian: armhf, rpm: armv7hl, pacman: armv7hl, openwrt: "arm_cortex-a5_vfpv4 arm_cortex-a7_neon-vfpv4 arm_cortex-a7_vfpv4 arm_cortex-a8_vfpv3 arm_cortex-a9_neon arm_cortex-a9_vfpv3-d16 arm_cortex-a15_neon-vfpv4" }
+          - { os: linux, arch: arm, variant: musl, naive: true, goarm: "7", debian: armhf, rpm: armv7hl, pacman: armv7hl, alpine: armv7, openwrt: "arm_cortex-a5_vfpv4 arm_cortex-a7_neon-vfpv4 arm_cortex-a7_vfpv4 arm_cortex-a8_vfpv3 arm_cortex-a9_neon arm_cortex-a9_vfpv3-d16 arm_cortex-a15_neon-vfpv4" }
+
+          - { os: linux, arch: mipsle, gomips: hardfloat, naive: true, variant: glibc }
+          - { os: linux, arch: mipsle, gomips: softfloat, naive: true, variant: musl, debian: mipsel, rpm: mipsel, openwrt: "mipsel_24kc mipsel_74kc mipsel_mips32" }
+          - { os: linux, arch: mips64le, gomips: hardfloat, naive: true, variant: glibc, debian: mips64el, rpm: mips64el }
+          - { os: linux, arch: riscv64, naive: true, variant: glibc }
+          - { os: linux, arch: riscv64, naive: true, variant: musl, debian: riscv64, rpm: riscv64, alpine: riscv64, openwrt: "riscv64_generic" }
+          - { os: linux, arch: loong64, naive: true, variant: glibc }
+          - { os: linux, arch: loong64, naive: true, variant: musl, debian: loongarch64, rpm: loongarch64, alpine: loongarch64, openwrt: "loongarch64_generic" }
 
           - { os: linux, arch: "386", go386: softfloat, openwrt: "i386_pentium-mmx" }
           - { os: linux, arch: arm, goarm: "5", openwrt: "arm_arm926ej-s arm_cortex-a7 arm_cortex-a9 arm_fa526 arm_xscale" }
           - { os: linux, arch: arm, goarm: "6", debian: armel, rpm: armv6hl, openwrt: "arm_arm1176jzf-s_vfp" }
           - { os: linux, arch: mips, gomips: softfloat, openwrt: "mips_24kc mips_4kec mips_mips32" }
-          - { os: linux, arch: mipsle, gomips: hardfloat, debian: mipsel, rpm: mipsel, openwrt: "mipsel_24kc_24kf" }
-          - { os: linux, arch: mipsle, gomips: softfloat, openwrt: "mipsel_24kc mipsel_74kc mipsel_mips32" }
+          - { os: linux, arch: mipsle, gomips: hardfloat, openwrt: "mipsel_24kc_24kf" }
+          - { os: linux, arch: mipsle, gomips: softfloat }
           - { os: linux, arch: mips64, gomips: softfloat, openwrt: "mips64_mips64r2 mips64_octeonplus" }
-          - { os: linux, arch: mips64le, gomips: hardfloat, debian: mips64el, rpm: mips64el }
+          - { os: linux, arch: mips64le, gomips: hardfloat }
           - { os: linux, arch: mips64le, gomips: softfloat, openwrt: "mips64el_mips64r2" }
           - { os: linux, arch: s390x, debian: s390x, rpm: s390x }
           - { os: linux, arch: ppc64le, debian: ppc64el, rpm: ppc64le }
-          - { os: linux, arch: riscv64, debian: riscv64, rpm: riscv64, openwrt: "riscv64_generic" }
-          - { os: linux, arch: loong64, debian: loongarch64, rpm: loongarch64, openwrt: "loongarch64_generic" }
+          - { os: linux, arch: riscv64 }
+          - { os: linux, arch: loong64 }
 
           - { os: windows, arch: amd64, legacy_win7: true, legacy_name: "windows-7" }
           - { os: windows, arch: "386", legacy_win7: true, legacy_name: "windows-7" }
@@ -112,15 +121,10 @@ jobs:
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup Go
-        if: ${{ ! (matrix.legacy_win7 || matrix.legacy_go124) }}
+        if: ${{ ! matrix.legacy_win7 }}
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.5
-      - name: Setup Go 1.24
-        if: matrix.legacy_go124
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
-        with:
-          go-version: ~1.24.10
+          go-version: ~1.25.8
       - name: Cache Go for Windows 7
         if: matrix.legacy_win7
         id: cache-go-for-windows7
@@ -128,9 +132,11 @@ jobs:
         with:
           path: |
             ~/go/go_win7
-          key: go_win7_1255
+          key: go_win7_1258
       - name: Setup Go for Windows 7
         if: matrix.legacy_win7 && steps.cache-go-for-windows7.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
         run: |-
           .github/setup_go_for_windows7.sh
       - name: Setup Go for Windows 7
@@ -154,14 +160,23 @@ jobs:
           git -C ~/cronet-go fetch --depth=1 origin "$CRONET_GO_VERSION"
           git -C ~/cronet-go checkout FETCH_HEAD
           git -C ~/cronet-go submodule update --init --recursive --depth=1
+      - name: Regenerate Debian keyring
+        if: matrix.naive
+        run: |
+          set -xeuo pipefail
+          rm -f ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/build/linux/sysroot_scripts/keyring.gpg
+          cd ~/cronet-go
+          GPG_TTY=/dev/null ./naiveproxy/src/build/linux/sysroot_scripts/generate_keyring.sh
       - name: Cache Chromium toolchain
         if: matrix.naive
         id: cache-chromium-toolchain
         uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: |
-            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/third_party/llvm-build/Release+Asserts
-            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/out/sysroot-build
+            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/third_party/llvm-build/
+            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/gn/out/
+            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/chrome/build/pgo_profiles/
+            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/out/sysroot-build/
           key: chromium-toolchain-${{ matrix.arch }}-${{ matrix.variant }}-${{ hashFiles('.github/CRONET_GO_VERSION') }}
       - name: Download Chromium toolchain
         if: matrix.naive
@@ -190,9 +205,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set build tags
         run: |
           set -xeuo pipefail
-          TAGS='with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,with_ocm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0'
           if [[ "${{ matrix.naive }}" == "true" ]]; then
-            TAGS="${TAGS},with_naive_outbound"
+            TAGS=$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS)
+          else
+            TAGS=$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS_OTHERS)
           fi
           if [[ "${{ matrix.variant }}" == "purego" ]]; then
             TAGS="${TAGS},with_purego"
@@ -200,13 +216,16 @@ jobs:
             TAGS="${TAGS},with_musl"
           fi
           echo "BUILD_TAGS=${TAGS}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
+      - name: Set shared ldflags
+        run: |
+          echo "LDFLAGS_SHARED=$(cat release/LDFLAGS)" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
       - name: Build (purego)
         if: matrix.variant == 'purego'
         run: |
           set -xeuo pipefail
           mkdir -p dist
           go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0' \
+          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
           ./cmd/sing-box
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: "0"
@@ -228,7 +247,7 @@ jobs:
           set -xeuo pipefail
           mkdir -p dist
           go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0' \
+          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
           ./cmd/sing-box
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: "1"
@@ -236,6 +255,8 @@ jobs:
           GOARCH: ${{ matrix.arch }}
           GO386: ${{ matrix.go386 }}
           GOARM: ${{ matrix.goarm }}
+          GOMIPS: ${{ matrix.gomips }}
+          GOMIPS64: ${{ matrix.gomips }}
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Build (musl)
         if: matrix.variant == 'musl'
@@ -243,7 +264,7 @@ jobs:
           set -xeuo pipefail
           mkdir -p dist
           go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0' \
+          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
           ./cmd/sing-box
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: "1"
@@ -251,6 +272,8 @@ jobs:
           GOARCH: ${{ matrix.arch }}
           GO386: ${{ matrix.go386 }}
           GOARM: ${{ matrix.goarm }}
+          GOMIPS: ${{ matrix.gomips }}
+          GOMIPS64: ${{ matrix.gomips }}
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Build (non-variant)
         if: matrix.os != 'android' && matrix.variant == ''
@@ -258,7 +281,7 @@ jobs:
           set -xeuo pipefail
           mkdir -p dist
           go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0' \
+          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
           ./cmd/sing-box
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: "0"
@@ -278,7 +301,7 @@ jobs:
           export CXX="${CC}++"
           mkdir -p dist
           GOOS=$BUILD_GOOS GOARCH=$BUILD_GOARCH build go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0' \
+          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
           ./cmd/sing-box
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: "1"
@@ -352,7 +375,7 @@ jobs:
           sudo gem install fpm
           sudo apt-get update
           sudo apt-get install -y libarchive-tools
-          cp .fpm_systemd .fpm
+          cp .fpm_pacman .fpm
           fpm -t pacman \
             -v "$PKG_VERSION" \
             -p "dist/sing-box_${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}_${{ matrix.os }}_${{ matrix.pacman }}.pkg.tar.zst" \
@@ -373,6 +396,30 @@ jobs:
             .github/deb2ipk.sh "$architecture" "dist/openwrt.deb" "dist/sing-box_${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}_openwrt_${architecture}.ipk"
           done
           rm "dist/openwrt.deb"
+      - name: Install apk-tools
+        if: matrix.openwrt != '' || matrix.alpine != ''
+        run: |-
+          docker run --rm -v /usr/local/bin:/mnt alpine:edge sh -c "apk add --no-cache apk-tools-static && cp /sbin/apk.static /mnt/apk && chmod +x /mnt/apk"
+      - name: Package OpenWrt APK
+        if: matrix.openwrt != ''
+        run: |-
+          set -xeuo pipefail
+          for architecture in ${{ matrix.openwrt }}; do
+            .github/build_openwrt_apk.sh \
+              "$architecture" \
+              "${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}" \
+              "dist/sing-box" \
+              "dist/sing-box_${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}_openwrt_${architecture}.apk"
+          done
+      - name: Package Alpine APK
+        if: matrix.alpine != ''
+        run: |-
+          set -xeuo pipefail
+          .github/build_alpine_apk.sh \
+            "${{ matrix.alpine }}" \
+            "${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}" \
+            "dist/sing-box" \
+            "dist/sing-box_${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}_linux_${{ matrix.alpine }}.apk"
       - name: Archive
         run: |
           set -xeuo pipefail
@@ -408,22 +455,36 @@ jobs:
         include:
           - { arch: amd64 }
           - { arch: arm64 }
-          - { arch: amd64, legacy_go124: true, legacy_name: "macos-11" }
+          - { arch: amd64, legacy_osx: true, legacy_name: "macos-10.13" }
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
         with:
           fetch-depth: 0
       - name: Setup Go
-        if: ${{ ! matrix.legacy_go124 }}
+        if: ${{ ! matrix.legacy_osx }}
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
           go-version: ^1.25.3
-      - name: Setup Go 1.24
-        if: matrix.legacy_go124
-        uses: actions/setup-go@v5
+      - name: Cache Go for macOS 10.13
+        if: matrix.legacy_osx
+        id: cache-go-for-macos1013
+        uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
-          go-version: ~1.24.6
+          path: |
+            ~/go/go_osx
+          key: go_osx_1258
+      - name: Setup Go for macOS 10.13
+        if: matrix.legacy_osx && steps.cache-go-for-macos1013.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ github.token }}
+        run: |-
+          .github/setup_go_for_macos1013.sh
+      - name: Setup Go for macOS 10.13
+        if: matrix.legacy_osx
+        run: |-
+          echo "PATH=$HOME/go/go_osx/bin:$PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "GOROOT=$HOME/go/go_osx" >> $GITHUB_ENV
       - name: Set tag
         run: |-
           git ls-remote --exit-code --tags origin v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} || echo "PUBLISHED=false" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
@@ -431,22 +492,27 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set build tags
         run: |
           set -xeuo pipefail
-          TAGS='with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,with_ocm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0'
-          if [[ "${{ matrix.legacy_go124 }}" != "true" ]]; then
-            TAGS="${TAGS},with_naive_outbound"
+          if [[ "${{ matrix.legacy_osx }}" != "true" ]]; then
+            TAGS=$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS)
+          else
+            TAGS=$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS_OTHERS)
           fi
           echo "BUILD_TAGS=${TAGS}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
+      - name: Set shared ldflags
+        run: |
+          echo "LDFLAGS_SHARED=$(cat release/LDFLAGS)" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
       - name: Build
         run: |
           set -xeuo pipefail
           mkdir -p dist
           go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0' \
+          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
           ./cmd/sing-box
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: "1"
           GOOS: darwin
           GOARCH: ${{ matrix.arch }}
+          MACOSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET: ${{ matrix.legacy_osx && '10.13' || '' }}
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Set name
         run: |-
@@ -499,9 +565,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         if: matrix.naive
         run: |
+          $TAGS = Get-Content release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS_WINDOWS
+          $LDFLAGS_SHARED = Get-Content release/LDFLAGS
           mkdir -p dist
-          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box.exe -tags "with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,with_ocm,with_naive_outbound,with_purego,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0" `
-          -ldflags "-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0" `
+          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box.exe -tags "$TAGS" `
+          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' $LDFLAGS_SHARED -s -w -buildid=" `
           ./cmd/sing-box
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: "0"
@@ -511,9 +579,11 @@ jobs:
       - name: Build
         if: ${{ !matrix.naive }}
         run: |
+          $TAGS = Get-Content release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS_OTHERS
+          $LDFLAGS_SHARED = Get-Content release/LDFLAGS
           mkdir -p dist
-          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box.exe -tags "with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,with_ocm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0" `
-          -ldflags "-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0" `
+          go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box.exe -tags "$TAGS" `
+          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' $LDFLAGS_SHARED -s -w -buildid=" `
           ./cmd/sing-box
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: "0"
@@ -558,7 +628,7 @@ jobs:
           path: "dist"
   build_android:
     name: Build Android
-    if: github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Android'
+    if: (github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch' || inputs.build == 'All' || inputs.build == 'Android') && github.ref != 'refs/heads/oldstable'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs:
       - calculate_version
@@ -571,7 +641,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.5
+          go-version: ~1.25.8
       - name: Setup Android NDK
         id: setup-ndk
         uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
@@ -594,12 +664,12 @@ jobs:
           JAVA_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64
           ANDROID_NDK_HOME: ${{ steps.setup-ndk.outputs.ndk-path }}
       - name: Checkout main branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main-next' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/stable' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
         run: |-
           cd clients/android
           git checkout main
       - name: Checkout dev branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev-next'
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/testing'
         run: |-
           cd clients/android
           git checkout dev
@@ -648,7 +718,7 @@ jobs:
           path: 'dist'
   publish_android:
     name: Publish Android
-    if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.build == 'publish-android'
+    if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && inputs.build == 'publish-android' && github.ref != 'refs/heads/oldstable'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs:
       - calculate_version
@@ -661,7 +731,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.5
+          go-version: ~1.25.8
       - name: Setup Android NDK
         id: setup-ndk
         uses: nttld/setup-ndk@v1
@@ -684,12 +754,12 @@ jobs:
           JAVA_HOME: /usr/lib/jvm/java-17-openjdk-amd64
           ANDROID_NDK_HOME: ${{ steps.setup-ndk.outputs.ndk-path }}
       - name: Checkout main branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main-next' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/stable' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
         run: |-
           cd clients/android
           git checkout main
       - name: Checkout dev branch
-        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev-next'
+        if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/testing'
         run: |-
           cd clients/android
           git checkout dev
@@ -760,7 +830,7 @@ jobs:
         if: matrix.if
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.5
+          go-version: ~1.25.8
       - name: Set tag
         if: matrix.if
         run: |-
@@ -768,12 +838,12 @@ jobs:
           git tag v${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -f
           echo "VERSION=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
       - name: Checkout main branch
-        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/main-next' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
+        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/stable' && github.event_name != 'workflow_dispatch'
         run: |-
           cd clients/apple
           git checkout main
       - name: Checkout dev branch
-        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/dev-next'
+        if: matrix.if && github.ref == 'refs/heads/testing'
         run: |-
           cd clients/apple
           git checkout dev
@@ -859,7 +929,7 @@ jobs:
             -authenticationKeyID $ASC_KEY_ID \
             -authenticationKeyIssuerID $ASC_KEY_ISSUER_ID
       - name: Publish to TestFlight
-        if: matrix.if && matrix.name != 'macOS-standalone' && github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.ref =='refs/heads/dev-next'
+        if: matrix.if && matrix.name != 'macOS-standalone' && github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' && github.ref =='refs/heads/testing'
         run: |-
           go run -v ./cmd/internal/app_store_connect publish_testflight ${{ matrix.platform }}
       - name: Build image

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ name: Publish Docker Images
 on:
   #push:
   #  branches:
-  #    - main-next
-  #    - dev-next
+  #    - stable
+  #    - testing
   release:
     types:
       - published
@@ -29,10 +29,12 @@ jobs:
           - { arch: arm64, naive: true, docker_platform: "linux/arm64" }
           - { arch: "386", naive: true, docker_platform: "linux/386" }
           - { arch: arm, goarm: "7", naive: true, docker_platform: "linux/arm/v7" }
+          - { arch: mipsle, gomips: softfloat, naive: true, docker_platform: "linux/mipsle" }
+          - { arch: riscv64, naive: true, docker_platform: "linux/riscv64" }
+          - { arch: loong64, naive: true, docker_platform: "linux/loong64" }
           # Non-naive builds
           - { arch: arm, goarm: "6", docker_platform: "linux/arm/v6" }
           - { arch: ppc64le, docker_platform: "linux/ppc64le" }
-          - { arch: riscv64, docker_platform: "linux/riscv64" }
           - { arch: s390x, docker_platform: "linux/s390x" }
     steps:
       - name: Get commit to build
@@ -53,7 +55,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.4
+          go-version: ~1.25.8
       - name: Clone cronet-go
         if: matrix.naive
         run: |
@@ -64,14 +66,23 @@ jobs:
           git -C ~/cronet-go fetch --depth=1 origin "$CRONET_GO_VERSION"
           git -C ~/cronet-go checkout FETCH_HEAD
           git -C ~/cronet-go submodule update --init --recursive --depth=1
+      - name: Regenerate Debian keyring
+        if: matrix.naive
+        run: |
+          set -xeuo pipefail
+          rm -f ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/build/linux/sysroot_scripts/keyring.gpg
+          cd ~/cronet-go
+          GPG_TTY=/dev/null ./naiveproxy/src/build/linux/sysroot_scripts/generate_keyring.sh
       - name: Cache Chromium toolchain
         if: matrix.naive
         id: cache-chromium-toolchain
         uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: |
-            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/third_party/llvm-build/Release+Asserts
-            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/out/sysroot-build
+            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/third_party/llvm-build/
+            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/gn/out/
+            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/chrome/build/pgo_profiles/
+            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/out/sysroot-build/
           key: chromium-toolchain-${{ matrix.arch }}-musl-${{ hashFiles('.github/CRONET_GO_VERSION') }}
       - name: Download Chromium toolchain
         if: matrix.naive
@@ -93,29 +104,34 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set build tags
         run: |
           set -xeuo pipefail
-          TAGS='with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,with_ocm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0'
           if [[ "${{ matrix.naive }}" == "true" ]]; then
-            TAGS="${TAGS},with_naive_outbound,with_musl"
+            TAGS="$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS),with_musl"
+          else
+            TAGS=$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS_OTHERS)
           fi
           echo "BUILD_TAGS=${TAGS}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
+      - name: Set shared ldflags
+        run: |
+          echo "LDFLAGS_SHARED=$(cat release/LDFLAGS)" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
       - name: Build (naive)
         if: matrix.naive
         run: |
           set -xeuo pipefail
           go build -v -trimpath -o sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags "-X \"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${VERSION}\" -X 'internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0' -s -w -buildid= -checklinkname=0" \
+          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${VERSION}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
           ./cmd/sing-box
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: "1"
           GOOS: linux
           GOARCH: ${{ matrix.arch }}
           GOARM: ${{ matrix.goarm }}
+          GOMIPS: ${{ matrix.gomips }}
       - name: Build (non-naive)
         if: ${{ ! matrix.naive }}
         run: |
           set -xeuo pipefail
           go build -v -trimpath -o sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags "-X \"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${VERSION}\" -X 'internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0' -s -w -buildid= -checklinkname=0" \
+          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${VERSION}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
           ./cmd/sing-box
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: "0"
@@ -148,15 +164,17 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
-        platform:
-          - linux/amd64
-          - linux/arm/v6
-          - linux/arm/v7
-          - linux/arm64
-          - linux/386
-          - linux/ppc64le
-          - linux/riscv64
-          - linux/s390x
+        include:
+          - { platform: "linux/amd64" }
+          - { platform: "linux/arm/v6" }
+          - { platform: "linux/arm/v7" }
+          - { platform: "linux/arm64" }
+          - { platform: "linux/386" }
+          # mipsle: no base Docker image available for this platform
+          - { platform: "linux/ppc64le" }
+          - { platform: "linux/riscv64" }
+          - { platform: "linux/s390x" }
+          - { platform: "linux/loong64", base_image: "ghcr.io/loong64/alpine:edge" }
     steps:
       - name: Get commit to build
         id: ref
@@ -209,6 +227,8 @@ jobs:
           platforms: ${{ matrix.platform }}
           context: .
           file: Dockerfile.binary
+          build-args: |
+            BASE_IMAGE=${{ matrix.base_image || 'alpine' }}
           labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
           outputs: type=image,name=${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }},push-by-digest=true,name-canonical=true,push=true
       - name: Export digest
@@ -224,6 +244,7 @@ jobs:
           if-no-files-found: error
           retention-days: 1
   merge:
+    if: github.event_name != 'push'
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     needs:
       - build_docker
@@ -238,13 +259,13 @@ jobs:
           fi
           echo "ref=$ref"
           echo "ref=$ref" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          if [[ $ref == *"-"* ]]; then
-            latest=latest-beta
-          else
-            latest=latest
-          fi
-          echo "latest=$latest"
-          echo "latest=$latest" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ steps.ref.outputs.ref }}
+          fetch-depth: 0
+      - name: Detect track
+        run: bash .github/detect_track.sh
       - name: Download digests
         uses: actions/download-artifact@v5
         with:
@@ -264,11 +285,11 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: /tmp/digests
         run: |
           docker buildx imagetools create \
-            -t "${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ steps.ref.outputs.latest }}" \
+            -t "${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ env.DOCKER_TAG }}" \
             -t "${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ steps.ref.outputs.ref }}" \
             $(printf '${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}@sha256:%s ' *)
       - name: Inspect image
         if: github.event_name != 'push'
         run: |
-          docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ steps.ref.outputs.latest }}
+          docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ env.DOCKER_TAG }}
           docker buildx imagetools inspect ${{ env.REGISTRY_IMAGE }}:${{ steps.ref.outputs.ref }}

.github/workflows/lint.yml

@@ -3,18 +3,20 @@ name: Lint
 on:
   push:
     branches:
-      - stable-next
-      - main-next
-      - dev-next
+      - oldstable
+      - stable
+      - testing
+      - unstable
     paths-ignore:
       - '**.md'
       - '.github/**'
       - '!.github/workflows/lint.yml'
   pull_request:
     branches:
-      - stable-next
-      - main-next
-      - dev-next
+      - oldstable
+      - stable
+      - testing
+      - unstable
 
 jobs:
   build:

.github/workflows/linux.yml

@@ -3,19 +3,14 @@ name: Build Linux Packages
 on:
   #push:
   #  branches:
-  #    - main-next
-  #    - dev-next
+  #    - stable
+  #    - testing
   workflow_dispatch:
     inputs:
       version:
         description: "Version name"
         required: true
         type: string
-      forceBeta:
-        description: "Force beta"
-        required: false
-        type: boolean
-        default: false
   release:
     types:
       - published
@@ -34,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.5
+          go-version: ~1.25.8
       - name: Check input version
         if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
         run: |-
@@ -61,14 +56,14 @@ jobs:
           - { os: linux, arch: arm64, naive: true, debian: arm64, rpm: aarch64, pacman: aarch64 }
           - { os: linux, arch: "386", naive: true, debian: i386, rpm: i386 }
           - { os: linux, arch: arm, goarm: "7", naive: true, debian: armhf, rpm: armv7hl, pacman: armv7hl }
+          - { os: linux, arch: mipsle, gomips: softfloat, naive: true, debian: mipsel, rpm: mipsel }
+          - { os: linux, arch: riscv64, naive: true, debian: riscv64, rpm: riscv64 }
+          - { os: linux, arch: loong64, naive: true, debian: loongarch64, rpm: loongarch64 }
           # Non-naive builds (unsupported architectures)
           - { os: linux, arch: arm, goarm: "6", debian: armel, rpm: armv6hl }
           - { os: linux, arch: mips64le, debian: mips64el, rpm: mips64el }
-          - { os: linux, arch: mipsle, debian: mipsel, rpm: mipsel }
           - { os: linux, arch: s390x, debian: s390x, rpm: s390x }
           - { os: linux, arch: ppc64le, debian: ppc64el, rpm: ppc64le }
-          - { os: linux, arch: riscv64, debian: riscv64, rpm: riscv64 }
-          - { os: linux, arch: loong64, debian: loongarch64, rpm: loongarch64 }
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@08c6903cd8c0fde910a37f88322edcfb5dd907a8 # v5
@@ -77,7 +72,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Setup Go
         uses: actions/setup-go@v5
         with:
-          go-version: ^1.25.5
+          go-version: ~1.25.8
       - name: Clone cronet-go
         if: matrix.naive
         run: |
@@ -88,14 +83,23 @@ jobs:
           git -C ~/cronet-go fetch --depth=1 origin "$CRONET_GO_VERSION"
           git -C ~/cronet-go checkout FETCH_HEAD
           git -C ~/cronet-go submodule update --init --recursive --depth=1
+      - name: Regenerate Debian keyring
+        if: matrix.naive
+        run: |
+          set -xeuo pipefail
+          rm -f ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/build/linux/sysroot_scripts/keyring.gpg
+          cd ~/cronet-go
+          GPG_TTY=/dev/null ./naiveproxy/src/build/linux/sysroot_scripts/generate_keyring.sh
       - name: Cache Chromium toolchain
         if: matrix.naive
         id: cache-chromium-toolchain
         uses: actions/cache@v4
         with:
           path: |
-            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/third_party/llvm-build/Release+Asserts
-            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/out/sysroot-build
+            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/third_party/llvm-build/
+            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/gn/out/
+            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/chrome/build/pgo_profiles/
+            ~/cronet-go/naiveproxy/src/out/sysroot-build/
           key: chromium-toolchain-${{ matrix.arch }}-musl-${{ hashFiles('.github/CRONET_GO_VERSION') }}
       - name: Download Chromium toolchain
         if: matrix.naive
@@ -116,24 +120,30 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set build tags
         run: |
           set -xeuo pipefail
-          TAGS='with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,with_ocm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0'
           if [[ "${{ matrix.naive }}" == "true" ]]; then
-            TAGS="${TAGS},with_naive_outbound,with_musl"
+            TAGS="$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS),with_musl"
+          else
+            TAGS=$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS_OTHERS)
           fi
           echo "BUILD_TAGS=${TAGS}" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
+      - name: Set shared ldflags
+        run: |
+          echo "LDFLAGS_SHARED=$(cat release/LDFLAGS)" >> "${GITHUB_ENV}"
       - name: Build (naive)
         if: matrix.naive
         run: |
           set -xeuo pipefail
           mkdir -p dist
           go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0' \
+          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
           ./cmd/sing-box
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: "1"
           GOOS: linux
           GOARCH: ${{ matrix.arch }}
           GOARM: ${{ matrix.goarm }}
+          GOMIPS: ${{ matrix.gomips }}
+          GOMIPS64: ${{ matrix.gomips }}
           GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
       - name: Build (non-naive)
         if: ${{ ! matrix.naive }}
@@ -141,7 +151,7 @@ jobs:
           set -xeuo pipefail
           mkdir -p dist
           go build -v -trimpath -o dist/sing-box -tags "${BUILD_TAGS}" \
-          -ldflags '-s -buildid= -X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }} -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0' \
+          -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}' ${LDFLAGS_SHARED} -s -w -buildid=" \
           ./cmd/sing-box
         env:
           CGO_ENABLED: "0"
@@ -152,14 +162,8 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set mtime
         run: |-
           TZ=UTC touch -t '197001010000' dist/sing-box
-      - name: Set name
-        if: (! contains(needs.calculate_version.outputs.version, '-')) && !inputs.forceBeta
-        run: |-
-          echo "NAME=sing-box" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
-      - name: Set beta name
-        if: contains(needs.calculate_version.outputs.version, '-') || inputs.forceBeta
-        run: |-
-          echo "NAME=sing-box-beta" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+      - name: Detect track
+        run: bash .github/detect_track.sh
       - name: Set version
         run: |-
           PKG_VERSION="${{ needs.calculate_version.outputs.version }}"

.gitignore

@@ -12,6 +12,9 @@
 /*.jar
 /*.aar
 /*.xcframework/
+/experimental/libbox/*.aar
+/experimental/libbox/*.xcframework/
+/experimental/libbox/*.nupkg
 .DS_Store
 /config.d/
 /venv/

.golangci.yml

@@ -9,6 +9,11 @@ run:
     - with_utls
     - with_acme
     - with_clash_api
+    - with_tailscale
+    - with_ccm
+    - with_ocm
+    - badlinkname
+    - tfogo_checklinkname0
 linters:
   default: none
   enable:

Dockerfile

@@ -12,10 +12,11 @@ RUN set -ex \
     && apk add git build-base \
     && export COMMIT=$(git rev-parse --short HEAD) \
     && export VERSION=$(go run ./cmd/internal/read_tag) \
-    && go build -v -trimpath -tags \
-        "with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,with_ocm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0" \
+    && export TAGS=$(cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS_OTHERS) \
+    && export LDFLAGS_SHARED=$(cat release/LDFLAGS) \
+    && go build -v -trimpath -tags "$TAGS" \
         -o /go/bin/sing-box \
-        -ldflags "-X \"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$VERSION\" -X 'internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0' -s -w -buildid= -checklinkname=0" \
+        -ldflags "-X \"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$VERSION\" $LDFLAGS_SHARED -s -w -buildid=" \
         ./cmd/sing-box
 FROM --platform=$TARGETPLATFORM alpine AS dist
 LABEL maintainer="nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>"

Dockerfile.binary

@@ -1,8 +1,14 @@
-FROM alpine
+ARG BASE_IMAGE=alpine
+FROM ${BASE_IMAGE}
 ARG TARGETARCH
 ARG TARGETVARIANT
 LABEL maintainer="nekohasekai <contact-git@sekai.icu>"
 RUN set -ex \
-    && apk add --no-cache --upgrade bash tzdata ca-certificates nftables
+    && if command -v apk > /dev/null; then \
+        apk add --no-cache --upgrade bash tzdata ca-certificates nftables; \
+    else \
+        apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends bash tzdata ca-certificates nftables \
+        && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*; \
+    fi
 COPY sing-box-${TARGETARCH}${TARGETVARIANT} /usr/local/bin/sing-box
 ENTRYPOINT ["sing-box"]

Makefile

@@ -1,15 +1,18 @@
 NAME = sing-box
 COMMIT = $(shell git rev-parse --short HEAD)
-TAGS ?= with_gvisor,with_quic,with_dhcp,with_wireguard,with_utls,with_acme,with_clash_api,with_tailscale,with_ccm,with_ocm,badlinkname,tfogo_checklinkname0
+TAGS ?= $(shell cat release/DEFAULT_BUILD_TAGS_OTHERS)
 
 GOHOSTOS = $(shell go env GOHOSTOS)
 GOHOSTARCH = $(shell go env GOHOSTARCH)
 VERSION=$(shell CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=$(GOHOSTOS) GOARCH=$(GOHOSTARCH) go run github.com/sagernet/sing-box/cmd/internal/read_tag@latest)
 
-PARAMS = -v -trimpath -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$(VERSION)' -X 'internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0' -s -w -buildid= -checklinkname=0"
+LDFLAGS_SHARED = $(shell cat release/LDFLAGS)
+PARAMS = -v -trimpath -ldflags "-X 'github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version=$(VERSION)' $(LDFLAGS_SHARED) -s -w -buildid="
 MAIN_PARAMS = $(PARAMS) -tags "$(TAGS)"
 MAIN = ./cmd/sing-box
 PREFIX ?= $(shell go env GOPATH)
+SING_FFI ?= sing-ffi
+LIBBOX_FFI_CONFIG ?= ./experimental/libbox/ffi.json
 
 .PHONY: test release docs build
 
@@ -89,12 +92,12 @@ update_android_version:
 	go run ./cmd/internal/update_android_version
 
 build_android:
-	cd ../sing-box-for-android && ./gradlew :app:clean :app:assemblePlayRelease :app:assembleOtherRelease && ./gradlew --stop
+	cd ../sing-box-for-android && ./gradlew :app:clean :app:assembleOtherRelease :app:assembleOtherLegacyRelease && ./gradlew --stop
 
 upload_android:
 	mkdir -p dist/release_android
-	cp ../sing-box-for-android/app/build/outputs/apk/play/release/*.apk dist/release_android
-	cp ../sing-box-for-android/app/build/outputs/apk/other/release/*-universal.apk dist/release_android
+	cp ../sing-box-for-android/app/build/outputs/apk/other/release/*.apk dist/release_android
+	cp ../sing-box-for-android/app/build/outputs/apk/otherLegacy/release/*.apk dist/release_android
 	ghr --replace --draft --prerelease -p 5 "v${VERSION}" dist/release_android
 	rm -rf dist/release_android
 
@@ -109,7 +112,7 @@ build_ios:
 	cd ../sing-box-for-apple && \
 	rm -rf build/SFI.xcarchive && \
 	xcodebuild clean -scheme SFI && \
-	xcodebuild archive -scheme SFI -configuration Release -destination 'generic/platform=iOS' -archivePath build/SFI.xcarchive -allowProvisioningUpdates
+	xcodebuild archive -scheme SFI -configuration Release -destination 'generic/platform=iOS' -archivePath build/SFI.xcarchive -allowProvisioningUpdates | xcbeautify | grep -A 10 -e "Archive Succeeded" -e "ARCHIVE FAILED" -e "❌"
 
 upload_ios_app_store:
 	cd ../sing-box-for-apple && \
@@ -130,7 +133,7 @@ release_ios: build_ios upload_ios_app_store
 build_macos:
 	cd ../sing-box-for-apple && \
 	rm -rf build/SFM.xcarchive && \
-	xcodebuild archive -scheme SFM -configuration Release -archivePath build/SFM.xcarchive -allowProvisioningUpdates
+	xcodebuild archive -scheme SFM -configuration Release -archivePath build/SFM.xcarchive -allowProvisioningUpdates | xcbeautify | grep -A 10 -e "Archive Succeeded" -e "ARCHIVE FAILED" -e "❌"
 
 upload_macos_app_store:
 	cd ../sing-box-for-apple && \
@@ -139,54 +142,50 @@ upload_macos_app_store:
 release_macos: build_macos upload_macos_app_store
 
 build_macos_standalone:
-	cd ../sing-box-for-apple && \
-	rm -rf build/SFM.System.xcarchive && \
-	xcodebuild archive -scheme SFM.System -configuration Release -archivePath build/SFM.System.xcarchive -allowProvisioningUpdates
+	$(MAKE) -C ../sing-box-for-apple archive_macos_standalone
 
 build_macos_dmg:
-	rm -rf dist/SFM
-	mkdir -p dist/SFM
-	cd ../sing-box-for-apple && \
-	rm -rf build/SFM.System && \
-	rm -rf build/SFM.dmg && \
-	xcodebuild -exportArchive \
-		-archivePath "build/SFM.System.xcarchive" \
-		-exportOptionsPlist SFM.System/Export.plist -allowProvisioningUpdates \
-		-exportPath "build/SFM.System" && \
-	create-dmg \
-		--volname "sing-box" \
-		--volicon "build/SFM.System/SFM.app/Contents/Resources/AppIcon.icns" \
-		--icon "SFM.app" 0 0 \
- 		--hide-extension "SFM.app" \
- 		--app-drop-link 0 0 \
- 		--skip-jenkins \
-		"../sing-box/dist/SFM/SFM.dmg" "build/SFM.System/SFM.app"
+	$(MAKE) -C ../sing-box-for-apple build_macos_dmg
+
+build_macos_pkg:
+	$(MAKE) -C ../sing-box-for-apple build_macos_pkg
 
 notarize_macos_dmg:
-	xcrun notarytool submit "dist/SFM/SFM.dmg" --wait \
-	  --keychain-profile "notarytool-password" \
-  	  --no-s3-acceleration
+	$(MAKE) -C ../sing-box-for-apple notarize_macos_dmg
+
+notarize_macos_pkg:
+	$(MAKE) -C ../sing-box-for-apple notarize_macos_pkg
 
 upload_macos_dmg:
-	cd dist/SFM && \
-	cp SFM.dmg "SFM-${VERSION}-universal.dmg" && \
-	ghr --replace --draft --prerelease "v${VERSION}" "SFM-${VERSION}-universal.dmg"
+	mkdir -p dist/SFM
+	cp ../sing-box-for-apple/build/SFM-Apple.dmg "dist/SFM/SFM-${VERSION}-Apple.dmg"
+	cp ../sing-box-for-apple/build/SFM-Intel.dmg "dist/SFM/SFM-${VERSION}-Intel.dmg"
+	cp ../sing-box-for-apple/build/SFM-Universal.dmg "dist/SFM/SFM-${VERSION}-Universal.dmg"
+	ghr --replace --draft --prerelease "v${VERSION}" "dist/SFM/SFM-${VERSION}-Apple.dmg"
+	ghr --replace --draft --prerelease "v${VERSION}" "dist/SFM/SFM-${VERSION}-Intel.dmg"
+	ghr --replace --draft --prerelease "v${VERSION}" "dist/SFM/SFM-${VERSION}-Universal.dmg"
+
+upload_macos_pkg:
+	mkdir -p dist/SFM
+	cp ../sing-box-for-apple/build/SFM-Apple.pkg "dist/SFM/SFM-${VERSION}-Apple.pkg"
+	cp ../sing-box-for-apple/build/SFM-Intel.pkg "dist/SFM/SFM-${VERSION}-Intel.pkg"
+	cp ../sing-box-for-apple/build/SFM-Universal.pkg "dist/SFM/SFM-${VERSION}-Universal.pkg"
+	ghr --replace --draft --prerelease "v${VERSION}" "dist/SFM/SFM-${VERSION}-Apple.pkg"
+	ghr --replace --draft --prerelease "v${VERSION}" "dist/SFM/SFM-${VERSION}-Intel.pkg"
+	ghr --replace --draft --prerelease "v${VERSION}" "dist/SFM/SFM-${VERSION}-Universal.pkg"
 
 upload_macos_dsyms:
-	pushd ../sing-box-for-apple/build/SFM.System.xcarchive && \
-	zip -r SFM.dSYMs.zip dSYMs && \
-	mv SFM.dSYMs.zip ../../../sing-box/dist/SFM && \
-	popd && \
-	cd dist/SFM && \
-	cp SFM.dSYMs.zip "SFM-${VERSION}-universal.dSYMs.zip" && \
-	ghr --replace --draft --prerelease "v${VERSION}" "SFM-${VERSION}-universal.dSYMs.zip"
+	mkdir -p dist/SFM
+	cd ../sing-box-for-apple/build/SFM.System-universal.xcarchive && zip -r SFM.dSYMs.zip dSYMs
+	cp ../sing-box-for-apple/build/SFM.System-universal.xcarchive/SFM.dSYMs.zip "dist/SFM/SFM-${VERSION}.dSYMs.zip"
+	ghr --replace --draft --prerelease "v${VERSION}" "dist/SFM/SFM-${VERSION}.dSYMs.zip"
 
-release_macos_standalone: build_macos_standalone build_macos_dmg notarize_macos_dmg upload_macos_dmg upload_macos_dsyms
+release_macos_standalone: build_macos_pkg notarize_macos_pkg upload_macos_pkg upload_macos_dsyms
 
 build_tvos:
 	cd ../sing-box-for-apple && \
 	rm -rf build/SFT.xcarchive && \
-	xcodebuild archive -scheme SFT -configuration Release -archivePath build/SFT.xcarchive -allowProvisioningUpdates
+	xcodebuild archive -scheme SFT -configuration Release -archivePath build/SFT.xcarchive -allowProvisioningUpdates | xcbeautify | grep -A 10 -e "Archive Succeeded" -e "ARCHIVE FAILED" -e "❌"
 
 upload_tvos_app_store:
 	cd ../sing-box-for-apple && \
@@ -210,12 +209,12 @@ update_apple_version:
 update_macos_version:
 	MACOS_PROJECT_VERSION=$(shell go run -v ./cmd/internal/app_store_connect next_macos_project_version) go run ./cmd/internal/update_apple_version
 
-release_apple: lib_ios update_apple_version release_ios release_macos release_tvos release_macos_standalone
+release_apple: lib_apple update_apple_version release_ios release_macos release_tvos release_macos_standalone
 
 release_apple_beta: update_apple_version release_ios release_macos release_tvos
 
 publish_testflight:
-	go run -v ./cmd/internal/app_store_connect publish_testflight
+	go run -v ./cmd/internal/app_store_connect publish_testflight $(filter-out $@,$(MAKECMDGOALS))
 
 prepare_app_store:
 	go run -v ./cmd/internal/app_store_connect prepare_app_store
@@ -238,22 +237,21 @@ test_stdio:
 lib_android:
 	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target android
 
-lib_android_debug:
-	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target android -debug
-
 lib_apple:
 	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target apple
 
-lib_ios:
-	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target apple -platform ios -debug
+lib_windows:
+	$(SING_FFI) generate --config $(LIBBOX_FFI_CONFIG) --platform-type csharp
 
-lib:
-	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target android
-	go run ./cmd/internal/build_libbox -target ios
+lib_android_new:
+	$(SING_FFI) generate --config $(LIBBOX_FFI_CONFIG) --platform-type android
+
+lib_apple_new:
+	$(SING_FFI) generate --config $(LIBBOX_FFI_CONFIG) --platform-type apple
 
 lib_install:
-	go install -v github.com/sagernet/gomobile/cmd/gomobile@v0.1.10
-	go install -v github.com/sagernet/gomobile/cmd/gobind@v0.1.10
+	go install -v github.com/sagernet/gomobile/cmd/gomobile@v0.1.12
+	go install -v github.com/sagernet/gomobile/cmd/gobind@v0.1.12
 
 docs:
 	venv/bin/mkdocs serve
@@ -262,8 +260,8 @@ publish_docs:
 	venv/bin/mkdocs gh-deploy -m "Update" --force --ignore-version --no-history
 
 docs_install:
-	python -m venv venv
-	source ./venv/bin/activate && pip install --force-reinstall mkdocs-material=="9.*" mkdocs-static-i18n=="1.2.*"
+	python3 -m venv venv
+	source ./venv/bin/activate && pip install --force-reinstall mkdocs-material=="9.7.2" mkdocs-static-i18n=="1.2.*"
 
 clean:
 	rm -rf bin dist sing-box
@@ -273,3 +271,6 @@ update:
 	git fetch
 	git reset FETCH_HEAD --hard
 	git clean -fdx
+
+%:
+	@:

adapter/certificate/adapter.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+package certificate
+
+type Adapter struct {
+	providerType string
+	providerTag  string
+}
+
+func NewAdapter(providerType string, providerTag string) Adapter {
+	return Adapter{
+		providerType: providerType,
+		providerTag:  providerTag,
+	}
+}
+
+func (a *Adapter) Type() string {
+	return a.providerType
+}
+
+func (a *Adapter) Tag() string {
+	return a.providerTag
+}

adapter/certificate/manager.go

@@ -0,0 +1,158 @@
+package certificate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/taskmonitor"
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	F "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/format"
+)
+
+var _ adapter.CertificateProviderManager = (*Manager)(nil)
+
+type Manager struct {
+	logger        log.ContextLogger
+	registry      adapter.CertificateProviderRegistry
+	access        sync.Mutex
+	started       bool
+	stage         adapter.StartStage
+	providers     []adapter.CertificateProviderService
+	providerByTag map[string]adapter.CertificateProviderService
+}
+
+func NewManager(logger log.ContextLogger, registry adapter.CertificateProviderRegistry) *Manager {
+	return &Manager{
+		logger:        logger,
+		registry:      registry,
+		providerByTag: make(map[string]adapter.CertificateProviderService),
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
+	m.access.Lock()
+	if m.started && m.stage >= stage {
+		panic("already started")
+	}
+	m.started = true
+	m.stage = stage
+	providers := m.providers
+	m.access.Unlock()
+	for _, provider := range providers {
+		name := "certificate-provider/" + provider.Type() + "[" + provider.Tag() + "]"
+		m.logger.Trace(stage, " ", name)
+		startTime := time.Now()
+		err := adapter.LegacyStart(provider, stage)
+		if err != nil {
+			return E.Cause(err, stage, " ", name)
+		}
+		m.logger.Trace(stage, " ", name, " completed (", F.Seconds(time.Since(startTime).Seconds()), "s)")
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Close() error {
+	m.access.Lock()
+	defer m.access.Unlock()
+	if !m.started {
+		return nil
+	}
+	m.started = false
+	providers := m.providers
+	m.providers = nil
+	monitor := taskmonitor.New(m.logger, C.StopTimeout)
+	var err error
+	for _, provider := range providers {
+		name := "certificate-provider/" + provider.Type() + "[" + provider.Tag() + "]"
+		m.logger.Trace("close ", name)
+		startTime := time.Now()
+		monitor.Start("close ", name)
+		err = E.Append(err, provider.Close(), func(err error) error {
+			return E.Cause(err, "close ", name)
+		})
+		monitor.Finish()
+		m.logger.Trace("close ", name, " completed (", F.Seconds(time.Since(startTime).Seconds()), "s)")
+	}
+	return err
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) CertificateProviders() []adapter.CertificateProviderService {
+	m.access.Lock()
+	defer m.access.Unlock()
+	return m.providers
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Get(tag string) (adapter.CertificateProviderService, bool) {
+	m.access.Lock()
+	provider, found := m.providerByTag[tag]
+	m.access.Unlock()
+	return provider, found
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Remove(tag string) error {
+	m.access.Lock()
+	provider, found := m.providerByTag[tag]
+	if !found {
+		m.access.Unlock()
+		return os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	delete(m.providerByTag, tag)
+	index := common.Index(m.providers, func(it adapter.CertificateProviderService) bool {
+		return it == provider
+	})
+	if index == -1 {
+		panic("invalid certificate provider index")
+	}
+	m.providers = append(m.providers[:index], m.providers[index+1:]...)
+	started := m.started
+	m.access.Unlock()
+	if started {
+		return provider.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Create(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, providerType string, options any) error {
+	provider, err := m.registry.Create(ctx, logger, tag, providerType, options)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	m.access.Lock()
+	defer m.access.Unlock()
+	if m.started {
+		name := "certificate-provider/" + provider.Type() + "[" + provider.Tag() + "]"
+		for _, stage := range adapter.ListStartStages {
+			m.logger.Trace(stage, " ", name)
+			startTime := time.Now()
+			err = adapter.LegacyStart(provider, stage)
+			if err != nil {
+				return E.Cause(err, stage, " ", name)
+			}
+			m.logger.Trace(stage, " ", name, " completed (", F.Seconds(time.Since(startTime).Seconds()), "s)")
+		}
+	}
+	if existsProvider, loaded := m.providerByTag[tag]; loaded {
+		if m.started {
+			err = existsProvider.Close()
+			if err != nil {
+				return E.Cause(err, "close certificate-provider/", existsProvider.Type(), "[", existsProvider.Tag(), "]")
+			}
+		}
+		existsIndex := common.Index(m.providers, func(it adapter.CertificateProviderService) bool {
+			return it == existsProvider
+		})
+		if existsIndex == -1 {
+			panic("invalid certificate provider index")
+		}
+		m.providers = append(m.providers[:existsIndex], m.providers[existsIndex+1:]...)
+	}
+	m.providers = append(m.providers, provider)
+	m.providerByTag[tag] = provider
+	return nil
+}

adapter/certificate/registry.go

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+package certificate
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+)
+
+type ConstructorFunc[T any] func(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options T) (adapter.CertificateProviderService, error)
+
+func Register[Options any](registry *Registry, providerType string, constructor ConstructorFunc[Options]) {
+	registry.register(providerType, func() any {
+		return new(Options)
+	}, func(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, rawOptions any) (adapter.CertificateProviderService, error) {
+		var options *Options
+		if rawOptions != nil {
+			options = rawOptions.(*Options)
+		}
+		return constructor(ctx, logger, tag, common.PtrValueOrDefault(options))
+	})
+}
+
+var _ adapter.CertificateProviderRegistry = (*Registry)(nil)
+
+type (
+	optionsConstructorFunc func() any
+	constructorFunc        func(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, options any) (adapter.CertificateProviderService, error)
+)
+
+type Registry struct {
+	access      sync.Mutex
+	optionsType map[string]optionsConstructorFunc
+	constructor map[string]constructorFunc
+}
+
+func NewRegistry() *Registry {
+	return &Registry{
+		optionsType: make(map[string]optionsConstructorFunc),
+		constructor: make(map[string]constructorFunc),
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Registry) CreateOptions(providerType string) (any, bool) {
+	m.access.Lock()
+	defer m.access.Unlock()
+	optionsConstructor, loaded := m.optionsType[providerType]
+	if !loaded {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+	return optionsConstructor(), true
+}
+
+func (m *Registry) Create(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, providerType string, options any) (adapter.CertificateProviderService, error) {
+	m.access.Lock()
+	defer m.access.Unlock()
+	constructor, loaded := m.constructor[providerType]
+	if !loaded {
+		return nil, E.New("certificate provider type not found: " + providerType)
+	}
+	return constructor(ctx, logger, tag, options)
+}
+
+func (m *Registry) register(providerType string, optionsConstructor optionsConstructorFunc, constructor constructorFunc) {
+	m.access.Lock()
+	defer m.access.Unlock()
+	m.optionsType[providerType] = optionsConstructor
+	m.constructor[providerType] = constructor
+}

adapter/certificate_provider.go

@@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
+package adapter
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+)
+
+type CertificateProvider interface {
+	GetCertificate(hello *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error)
+}
+
+type ACMECertificateProvider interface {
+	CertificateProvider
+	GetACMENextProtos() []string
+}
+
+type CertificateProviderService interface {
+	Lifecycle
+	Type() string
+	Tag() string
+	CertificateProvider
+}
+
+type CertificateProviderRegistry interface {
+	option.CertificateProviderOptionsRegistry
+	Create(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, providerType string, options any) (CertificateProviderService, error)
+}
+
+type CertificateProviderManager interface {
+	Lifecycle
+	CertificateProviders() []CertificateProviderService
+	Get(tag string) (CertificateProviderService, bool)
+	Remove(tag string) error
+	Create(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, providerType string, options any) error
+}

adapter/connections.go

@@ -9,6 +9,10 @@ import (
 
 type ConnectionManager interface {
 	Lifecycle
+	Count() int
+	CloseAll()
+	TrackConn(conn net.Conn) net.Conn
+	TrackPacketConn(conn net.PacketConn) net.PacketConn
 	NewConnection(ctx context.Context, this N.Dialer, conn net.Conn, metadata InboundContext, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc)
 	NewPacketConnection(ctx context.Context, this N.Dialer, conn N.PacketConn, metadata InboundContext, onClose N.CloseHandlerFunc)
 }

adapter/dns.go

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ package adapter
 import (
 	"context"
 	"net/netip"
+	"time"
 
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
@@ -25,18 +26,19 @@ type DNSRouter interface {
 
 type DNSClient interface {
 	Start()
-	Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport DNSTransport, message *dns.Msg, options DNSQueryOptions, responseChecker func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool) (*dns.Msg, error)
-	Lookup(ctx context.Context, transport DNSTransport, domain string, options DNSQueryOptions, responseChecker func(responseAddrs []netip.Addr) bool) ([]netip.Addr, error)
+	Exchange(ctx context.Context, transport DNSTransport, message *dns.Msg, options DNSQueryOptions, responseChecker func(response *dns.Msg) bool) (*dns.Msg, error)
+	Lookup(ctx context.Context, transport DNSTransport, domain string, options DNSQueryOptions, responseChecker func(response *dns.Msg) bool) ([]netip.Addr, error)
 	ClearCache()
 }
 
 type DNSQueryOptions struct {
-	Transport      DNSTransport
-	Strategy       C.DomainStrategy
-	LookupStrategy C.DomainStrategy
-	DisableCache   bool
-	RewriteTTL     *uint32
-	ClientSubnet   netip.Prefix
+	Transport              DNSTransport
+	Strategy               C.DomainStrategy
+	LookupStrategy         C.DomainStrategy
+	DisableCache           bool
+	DisableOptimisticCache bool
+	RewriteTTL             *uint32
+	ClientSubnet           netip.Prefix
 }
 
 func DNSQueryOptionsFrom(ctx context.Context, options *option.DomainResolveOptions) (*DNSQueryOptions, error) {
@@ -49,11 +51,12 @@ func DNSQueryOptionsFrom(ctx context.Context, options *option.DomainResolveOptio
 		return nil, E.New("domain resolver not found: " + options.Server)
 	}
 	return &DNSQueryOptions{
-		Transport:    transport,
-		Strategy:     C.DomainStrategy(options.Strategy),
-		DisableCache: options.DisableCache,
-		RewriteTTL:   options.RewriteTTL,
-		ClientSubnet: options.ClientSubnet.Build(netip.Prefix{}),
+		Transport:              transport,
+		Strategy:               C.DomainStrategy(options.Strategy),
+		DisableCache:           options.DisableCache,
+		DisableOptimisticCache: options.DisableOptimisticCache,
+		RewriteTTL:             options.RewriteTTL,
+		ClientSubnet:           options.ClientSubnet.Build(netip.Prefix{}),
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -63,6 +66,13 @@ type RDRCStore interface {
 	SaveRDRCAsync(transportName string, qName string, qType uint16, logger logger.Logger)
 }
 
+type DNSCacheStore interface {
+	LoadDNSCache(transportName string, qName string, qType uint16) (rawMessage []byte, expireAt time.Time, loaded bool)
+	SaveDNSCache(transportName string, qName string, qType uint16, rawMessage []byte, expireAt time.Time) error
+	SaveDNSCacheAsync(transportName string, qName string, qType uint16, rawMessage []byte, expireAt time.Time, logger logger.Logger)
+	ClearDNSCache() error
+}
+
 type DNSTransport interface {
 	Lifecycle
 	Type() string
@@ -72,11 +82,6 @@ type DNSTransport interface {
 	Exchange(ctx context.Context, message *dns.Msg) (*dns.Msg, error)
 }
 
-type LegacyDNSTransport interface {
-	LegacyStrategy() C.DomainStrategy
-	LegacyClientSubnet() netip.Prefix
-}
-
 type DNSTransportRegistry interface {
 	option.DNSTransportOptionsRegistry
 	CreateDNSTransport(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, tag string, transportType string, options any) (DNSTransport, error)

adapter/experimental.go

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ import (
 	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/observable"
@@ -46,6 +47,12 @@ type CacheFile interface {
 	StoreRDRC() bool
 	RDRCStore
 
+	StoreDNS() bool
+	DNSCacheStore
+
+	SetDisableExpire(disableExpire bool)
+	SetOptimisticTimeout(timeout time.Duration)
+
 	LoadMode() string
 	StoreMode(mode string) error
 	LoadSelected(group string) string
@@ -68,7 +75,11 @@ func (s *SavedBinary) MarshalBinary() ([]byte, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	err = varbin.Write(&buffer, binary.BigEndian, s.Content)
+	_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(&buffer, uint64(len(s.Content)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	_, err = buffer.Write(s.Content)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -76,7 +87,11 @@ func (s *SavedBinary) MarshalBinary() ([]byte, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	err = varbin.Write(&buffer, binary.BigEndian, s.LastEtag)
+	_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(&buffer, uint64(len(s.LastEtag)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	_, err = buffer.WriteString(s.LastEtag)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -90,7 +105,12 @@ func (s *SavedBinary) UnmarshalBinary(data []byte) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = varbin.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &s.Content)
+	contentLength, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s.Content = make([]byte, contentLength)
+	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, s.Content)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -100,10 +120,16 @@ func (s *SavedBinary) UnmarshalBinary(data []byte) error {
 		return err
 	}
 	s.LastUpdated = time.Unix(lastUpdated, 0)
-	err = varbin.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &s.LastEtag)
+	etagLength, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
+	etagBytes := make([]byte, etagLength)
+	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, etagBytes)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	s.LastEtag = string(etagBytes)
 	return nil
 }
 

adapter/http.go

@@ -0,0 +1,13 @@
+package adapter
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+)
+
+type HTTPClientManager interface {
+	ResolveTransport(logger logger.ContextLogger, options option.HTTPClientOptions) (http.RoundTripper, error)
+	DefaultTransport() http.RoundTripper
+}

adapter/inbound.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package adapter
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"net"
 	"net/netip"
 	"time"
 
@@ -9,6 +10,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 )
 
 type Inbound interface {
@@ -62,13 +65,10 @@ type InboundContext struct {
 	// cache
 
 	// Deprecated: implement in rule action
-	InboundDetour            string
-	LastInbound              string
-	OriginDestination        M.Socksaddr
-	RouteOriginalDestination M.Socksaddr
-	// Deprecated: to be removed
-	//nolint:staticcheck
-	InboundOptions            option.InboundOptions
+	InboundDetour             string
+	LastInbound               string
+	OriginDestination         M.Socksaddr
+	RouteOriginalDestination  M.Socksaddr
 	UDPDisableDomainUnmapping bool
 	UDPConnect                bool
 	UDPTimeout                time.Duration
@@ -81,12 +81,16 @@ type InboundContext struct {
 	FallbackNetworkType []C.InterfaceType
 	FallbackDelay       time.Duration
 
-	DestinationAddresses []netip.Addr
-	SourceGeoIPCode      string
-	GeoIPCode            string
-	ProcessInfo          *ConnectionOwner
-	QueryType            uint16
-	FakeIP               bool
+	DestinationAddresses                []netip.Addr
+	DNSResponse                         *dns.Msg
+	DestinationAddressMatchFromResponse bool
+	SourceGeoIPCode                     string
+	GeoIPCode                           string
+	ProcessInfo                         *ConnectionOwner
+	SourceMACAddress                    net.HardwareAddr
+	SourceHostname                      string
+	QueryType                           uint16
+	FakeIP                              bool
 
 	// rule cache
 
@@ -104,6 +108,10 @@ type InboundContext struct {
 func (c *InboundContext) ResetRuleCache() {
 	c.IPCIDRMatchSource = false
 	c.IPCIDRAcceptEmpty = false
+	c.ResetRuleMatchCache()
+}
+
+func (c *InboundContext) ResetRuleMatchCache() {
 	c.SourceAddressMatch = false
 	c.SourcePortMatch = false
 	c.DestinationAddressMatch = false
@@ -111,6 +119,51 @@ func (c *InboundContext) ResetRuleCache() {
 	c.DidMatch = false
 }
 
+func (c *InboundContext) DNSResponseAddressesForMatch() []netip.Addr {
+	return DNSResponseAddresses(c.DNSResponse)
+}
+
+func DNSResponseAddresses(response *dns.Msg) []netip.Addr {
+	if response == nil || response.Rcode != dns.RcodeSuccess {
+		return nil
+	}
+	addresses := make([]netip.Addr, 0, len(response.Answer))
+	for _, rawRecord := range response.Answer {
+		switch record := rawRecord.(type) {
+		case *dns.A:
+			addr := M.AddrFromIP(record.A)
+			if addr.IsValid() {
+				addresses = append(addresses, addr)
+			}
+		case *dns.AAAA:
+			addr := M.AddrFromIP(record.AAAA)
+			if addr.IsValid() {
+				addresses = append(addresses, addr)
+			}
+		case *dns.HTTPS:
+			for _, value := range record.SVCB.Value {
+				switch hint := value.(type) {
+				case *dns.SVCBIPv4Hint:
+					for _, ip := range hint.Hint {
+						addr := M.AddrFromIP(ip).Unmap()
+						if addr.IsValid() {
+							addresses = append(addresses, addr)
+						}
+					}
+				case *dns.SVCBIPv6Hint:
+					for _, ip := range hint.Hint {
+						addr := M.AddrFromIP(ip)
+						if addr.IsValid() {
+							addresses = append(addresses, addr)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return addresses
+}
+
 type inboundContextKey struct{}
 
 func WithContext(ctx context.Context, inboundContext *InboundContext) context.Context {

adapter/inbound_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+package adapter
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestDNSResponseAddressesUnmapsHTTPSIPv4Hints(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ipv4Hint := net.ParseIP("1.1.1.1")
+	require.NotNil(t, ipv4Hint)
+
+	response := &dns.Msg{
+		MsgHdr: dns.MsgHdr{
+			Response: true,
+			Rcode:    dns.RcodeSuccess,
+		},
+		Answer: []dns.RR{
+			&dns.HTTPS{
+				SVCB: dns.SVCB{
+					Hdr: dns.RR_Header{
+						Name:   dns.Fqdn("example.com"),
+						Rrtype: dns.TypeHTTPS,
+						Class:  dns.ClassINET,
+						Ttl:    60,
+					},
+					Priority: 1,
+					Target:   ".",
+					Value: []dns.SVCBKeyValue{
+						&dns.SVCBIPv4Hint{Hint: []net.IP{ipv4Hint}},
+					},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	addresses := DNSResponseAddresses(response)
+	require.Equal(t, []netip.Addr{netip.MustParseAddr("1.1.1.1")}, addresses)
+	require.True(t, addresses[0].Is4())
+}

adapter/neighbor.go

@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+package adapter
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+)
+
+type NeighborEntry struct {
+	Address    netip.Addr
+	MACAddress net.HardwareAddr
+	Hostname   string
+}
+
+type NeighborResolver interface {
+	LookupMAC(address netip.Addr) (net.HardwareAddr, bool)
+	LookupHostname(address netip.Addr) (string, bool)
+	Start() error
+	Close() error
+}
+
+type NeighborUpdateListener interface {
+	UpdateNeighborTable(entries []NeighborEntry)
+}

adapter/platform.go

@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ type PlatformInterface interface {
 
 	UsePlatformNotification() bool
 	SendNotification(notification *Notification) error
+
+	UsePlatformNeighborResolver() bool
+	StartNeighborMonitor(listener NeighborUpdateListener) error
+	CloseNeighborMonitor(listener NeighborUpdateListener) error
 }
 
 type FindConnectionOwnerRequest struct {
@@ -47,11 +51,11 @@ type FindConnectionOwnerRequest struct {
 }
 
 type ConnectionOwner struct {
-	ProcessID          uint32
-	UserId             int32
-	UserName           string
-	ProcessPath        string
-	AndroidPackageName string
+	ProcessID           uint32
+	UserId              int32
+	UserName            string
+	ProcessPath         string
+	AndroidPackageNames []string
 }
 
 type Notification struct {

adapter/router.go

@@ -2,17 +2,11 @@ package adapter
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"crypto/tls"
 	"net"
-	"net/http"
-	"sync"
 	"time"
 
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
-	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
 
 	"go4.org/netipx"
@@ -25,6 +19,9 @@ type Router interface {
 	ConnectionRouterEx
 	RuleSet(tag string) (RuleSet, bool)
 	Rules() []Rule
+	NeedFindProcess() bool
+	NeedFindNeighbor() bool
+	NeighborResolver() NeighborResolver
 	AppendTracker(tracker ConnectionTracker)
 	ResetNetwork()
 }
@@ -48,7 +45,7 @@ type ConnectionRouterEx interface {
 
 type RuleSet interface {
 	Name() string
-	StartContext(ctx context.Context, startContext *HTTPStartContext) error
+	StartContext(ctx context.Context) error
 	PostStart() error
 	Metadata() RuleSetMetadata
 	ExtractIPSet() []*netipx.IPSet
@@ -63,51 +60,14 @@ type RuleSet interface {
 
 type RuleSetUpdateCallback func(it RuleSet)
 
+type DNSRuleSetUpdateValidator interface {
+	ValidateRuleSetMetadataUpdate(tag string, metadata RuleSetMetadata) error
+}
+
+// ip_version is not a headless-rule item, so ContainsIPVersionRule is intentionally absent.
 type RuleSetMetadata struct {
-	ContainsProcessRule bool
-	ContainsWIFIRule    bool
-	ContainsIPCIDRRule  bool
-}
-type HTTPStartContext struct {
-	ctx             context.Context
-	access          sync.Mutex
-	httpClientCache map[string]*http.Client
-}
-
-func NewHTTPStartContext(ctx context.Context) *HTTPStartContext {
-	return &HTTPStartContext{
-		ctx:             ctx,
-		httpClientCache: make(map[string]*http.Client),
-	}
-}
-
-func (c *HTTPStartContext) HTTPClient(detour string, dialer N.Dialer) *http.Client {
-	c.access.Lock()
-	defer c.access.Unlock()
-	if httpClient, loaded := c.httpClientCache[detour]; loaded {
-		return httpClient
-	}
-	httpClient := &http.Client{
-		Transport: &http.Transport{
-			ForceAttemptHTTP2:   true,
-			TLSHandshakeTimeout: C.TCPTimeout,
-			DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
-				return dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
-			},
-			TLSClientConfig: &tls.Config{
-				Time:    ntp.TimeFuncFromContext(c.ctx),
-				RootCAs: RootPoolFromContext(c.ctx),
-			},
-		},
-	}
-	c.httpClientCache[detour] = httpClient
-	return httpClient
-}
-
-func (c *HTTPStartContext) Close() {
-	c.access.Lock()
-	defer c.access.Unlock()
-	for _, client := range c.httpClientCache {
-		client.CloseIdleConnections()
-	}
+	ContainsProcessRule      bool
+	ContainsWIFIRule         bool
+	ContainsIPCIDRRule       bool
+	ContainsDNSQueryTypeRule bool
 }

adapter/rule.go

@@ -2,6 +2,8 @@ package adapter
 
 import (
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+
+	"github.com/miekg/dns"
 )
 
 type HeadlessRule interface {
@@ -18,8 +20,9 @@ type Rule interface {
 
 type DNSRule interface {
 	Rule
+	LegacyPreMatch(metadata *InboundContext) bool
 	WithAddressLimit() bool
-	MatchAddressLimit(metadata *InboundContext) bool
+	MatchAddressLimit(metadata *InboundContext, response *dns.Msg) bool
 }
 
 type RuleAction interface {
@@ -29,7 +32,7 @@ type RuleAction interface {
 
 func IsFinalAction(action RuleAction) bool {
 	switch action.Type() {
-	case C.RuleActionTypeSniff, C.RuleActionTypeResolve:
+	case C.RuleActionTypeSniff, C.RuleActionTypeResolve, C.RuleActionTypeEvaluate:
 		return false
 	default:
 		return true

adapter/tailscale.go

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+package adapter
+
+import "context"
+
+type TailscaleEndpoint interface {
+	SubscribeTailscaleStatus(ctx context.Context, fn func(*TailscaleEndpointStatus)) error
+	StartTailscalePing(ctx context.Context, peerIP string, fn func(*TailscalePingResult)) error
+}
+
+type TailscalePingResult struct {
+	LatencyMs      float64
+	IsDirect       bool
+	Endpoint       string
+	DERPRegionID   int32
+	DERPRegionCode string
+	Error          string
+}
+
+type TailscaleEndpointStatus struct {
+	BackendState   string
+	AuthURL        string
+	NetworkName    string
+	MagicDNSSuffix string
+	Self           *TailscalePeer
+	UserGroups     []*TailscaleUserGroup
+}
+
+type TailscaleUserGroup struct {
+	UserID        int64
+	LoginName     string
+	DisplayName   string
+	ProfilePicURL string
+	Peers         []*TailscalePeer
+}
+
+type TailscalePeer struct {
+	HostName       string
+	DNSName        string
+	OS             string
+	TailscaleIPs   []string
+	Online         bool
+	ExitNode       bool
+	ExitNodeOption bool
+	Active         bool
+	RxBytes        int64
+	TxBytes        int64
+	UserID         int64
+	KeyExpiry      int64
+}

box.go

@@ -9,19 +9,21 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	boxCertificate "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/certificate"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/endpoint"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/inbound"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/outbound"
 	boxService "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter/service"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/certificate"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/dialer"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/httpclient"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/taskmonitor"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns/transport/local"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/cachefile"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/deprecated"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/protocol/direct"
@@ -37,20 +39,22 @@ import (
 var _ adapter.SimpleLifecycle = (*Box)(nil)
 
 type Box struct {
-	createdAt       time.Time
-	logFactory      log.Factory
-	logger          log.ContextLogger
-	network         *route.NetworkManager
-	endpoint        *endpoint.Manager
-	inbound         *inbound.Manager
-	outbound        *outbound.Manager
-	service         *boxService.Manager
-	dnsTransport    *dns.TransportManager
-	dnsRouter       *dns.Router
-	connection      *route.ConnectionManager
-	router          *route.Router
-	internalService []adapter.LifecycleService
-	done            chan struct{}
+	createdAt           time.Time
+	logFactory          log.Factory
+	logger              log.ContextLogger
+	network             *route.NetworkManager
+	endpoint            *endpoint.Manager
+	inbound             *inbound.Manager
+	outbound            *outbound.Manager
+	service             *boxService.Manager
+	certificateProvider *boxCertificate.Manager
+	dnsTransport        *dns.TransportManager
+	dnsRouter           *dns.Router
+	connection          *route.ConnectionManager
+	router              *route.Router
+	httpClientService   adapter.LifecycleService
+	internalService     []adapter.LifecycleService
+	done                chan struct{}
 }
 
 type Options struct {
@@ -66,6 +70,7 @@ func Context(
 	endpointRegistry adapter.EndpointRegistry,
 	dnsTransportRegistry adapter.DNSTransportRegistry,
 	serviceRegistry adapter.ServiceRegistry,
+	certificateProviderRegistry adapter.CertificateProviderRegistry,
 ) context.Context {
 	if service.FromContext[option.InboundOptionsRegistry](ctx) == nil ||
 		service.FromContext[adapter.InboundRegistry](ctx) == nil {
@@ -90,6 +95,10 @@ func Context(
 		ctx = service.ContextWith[option.ServiceOptionsRegistry](ctx, serviceRegistry)
 		ctx = service.ContextWith[adapter.ServiceRegistry](ctx, serviceRegistry)
 	}
+	if service.FromContext[adapter.CertificateProviderRegistry](ctx) == nil {
+		ctx = service.ContextWith[option.CertificateProviderOptionsRegistry](ctx, certificateProviderRegistry)
+		ctx = service.ContextWith[adapter.CertificateProviderRegistry](ctx, certificateProviderRegistry)
+	}
 	return ctx
 }
 
@@ -106,6 +115,7 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 	outboundRegistry := service.FromContext[adapter.OutboundRegistry](ctx)
 	dnsTransportRegistry := service.FromContext[adapter.DNSTransportRegistry](ctx)
 	serviceRegistry := service.FromContext[adapter.ServiceRegistry](ctx)
+	certificateProviderRegistry := service.FromContext[adapter.CertificateProviderRegistry](ctx)
 
 	if endpointRegistry == nil {
 		return nil, E.New("missing endpoint registry in context")
@@ -122,10 +132,16 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 	if serviceRegistry == nil {
 		return nil, E.New("missing service registry in context")
 	}
+	if certificateProviderRegistry == nil {
+		return nil, E.New("missing certificate provider registry in context")
+	}
 
 	ctx = pause.WithDefaultManager(ctx)
 	experimentalOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Experimental)
-	applyDebugOptions(common.PtrValueOrDefault(experimentalOptions.Debug))
+	err := applyDebugOptions(common.PtrValueOrDefault(experimentalOptions.Debug))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	var needCacheFile bool
 	var needClashAPI bool
 	var needV2RayAPI bool
@@ -156,6 +172,10 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 	}
 
 	var internalServices []adapter.LifecycleService
+	routeOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Route)
+	httpClientManager := httpclient.NewManager(ctx, logFactory.NewLogger("httpclient"), options.HTTPClients, routeOptions.DefaultHTTPClient)
+	service.MustRegister[adapter.HTTPClientManager](ctx, httpClientManager)
+	httpClientService := adapter.LifecycleService(httpClientManager)
 	certificateOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Certificate)
 	if C.IsAndroid || certificateOptions.Store != "" && certificateOptions.Store != C.CertificateStoreSystem ||
 		len(certificateOptions.Certificate) > 0 ||
@@ -168,21 +188,25 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 		service.MustRegister[adapter.CertificateStore](ctx, certificateStore)
 		internalServices = append(internalServices, certificateStore)
 	}
-
-	routeOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.Route)
 	dnsOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.DNS)
 	endpointManager := endpoint.NewManager(logFactory.NewLogger("endpoint"), endpointRegistry)
 	inboundManager := inbound.NewManager(logFactory.NewLogger("inbound"), inboundRegistry, endpointManager)
 	outboundManager := outbound.NewManager(logFactory.NewLogger("outbound"), outboundRegistry, endpointManager, routeOptions.Final)
 	dnsTransportManager := dns.NewTransportManager(logFactory.NewLogger("dns/transport"), dnsTransportRegistry, outboundManager, dnsOptions.Final)
 	serviceManager := boxService.NewManager(logFactory.NewLogger("service"), serviceRegistry)
+	certificateProviderManager := boxCertificate.NewManager(logFactory.NewLogger("certificate-provider"), certificateProviderRegistry)
 	service.MustRegister[adapter.EndpointManager](ctx, endpointManager)
 	service.MustRegister[adapter.InboundManager](ctx, inboundManager)
 	service.MustRegister[adapter.OutboundManager](ctx, outboundManager)
 	service.MustRegister[adapter.DNSTransportManager](ctx, dnsTransportManager)
 	service.MustRegister[adapter.ServiceManager](ctx, serviceManager)
-	dnsRouter := dns.NewRouter(ctx, logFactory, dnsOptions)
+	service.MustRegister[adapter.CertificateProviderManager](ctx, certificateProviderManager)
+	dnsRouter, err := dns.NewRouter(ctx, logFactory, dnsOptions)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize DNS router")
+	}
 	service.MustRegister[adapter.DNSRouter](ctx, dnsRouter)
+	service.MustRegister[adapter.DNSRuleSetUpdateValidator](ctx, dnsRouter)
 	networkManager, err := route.NewNetworkManager(ctx, logFactory.NewLogger("network"), routeOptions, dnsOptions)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize network manager")
@@ -269,6 +293,24 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 			return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize inbound[", i, "]")
 		}
 	}
+	for i, serviceOptions := range options.Services {
+		var tag string
+		if serviceOptions.Tag != "" {
+			tag = serviceOptions.Tag
+		} else {
+			tag = F.ToString(i)
+		}
+		err = serviceManager.Create(
+			ctx,
+			logFactory.NewLogger(F.ToString("service/", serviceOptions.Type, "[", tag, "]")),
+			tag,
+			serviceOptions.Type,
+			serviceOptions.Options,
+		)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize service[", i, "]")
+		}
+	}
 	for i, outboundOptions := range options.Outbounds {
 		var tag string
 		if outboundOptions.Tag != "" {
@@ -295,22 +337,22 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 			return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize outbound[", i, "]")
 		}
 	}
-	for i, serviceOptions := range options.Services {
+	for i, certificateProviderOptions := range options.CertificateProviders {
 		var tag string
-		if serviceOptions.Tag != "" {
-			tag = serviceOptions.Tag
+		if certificateProviderOptions.Tag != "" {
+			tag = certificateProviderOptions.Tag
 		} else {
 			tag = F.ToString(i)
 		}
-		err = serviceManager.Create(
+		err = certificateProviderManager.Create(
 			ctx,
-			logFactory.NewLogger(F.ToString("service/", serviceOptions.Type, "[", tag, "]")),
+			logFactory.NewLogger(F.ToString("certificate-provider/", certificateProviderOptions.Type, "[", tag, "]")),
 			tag,
-			serviceOptions.Type,
-			serviceOptions.Options,
+			certificateProviderOptions.Type,
+			certificateProviderOptions.Options,
 		)
 		if err != nil {
-			return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize service[", i, "]")
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "initialize certificate provider[", i, "]")
 		}
 	}
 	outboundManager.Initialize(func() (adapter.Outbound, error) {
@@ -323,13 +365,20 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 		)
 	})
 	dnsTransportManager.Initialize(func() (adapter.DNSTransport, error) {
-		return local.NewTransport(
+		return dnsTransportRegistry.CreateDNSTransport(
 			ctx,
 			logFactory.NewLogger("dns/local"),
 			"local",
-			option.LocalDNSServerOptions{},
+			C.DNSTypeLocal,
+			&option.LocalDNSServerOptions{},
 		)
 	})
+	httpClientManager.Initialize(func() (*httpclient.Client, error) {
+		deprecated.Report(ctx, deprecated.OptionImplicitDefaultHTTPClient)
+		var httpClientOptions option.HTTPClientOptions
+		httpClientOptions.DefaultOutbound = true
+		return httpclient.NewClient(ctx, logFactory.NewLogger("httpclient"), "", httpClientOptions)
+	})
 	if platformInterface != nil {
 		err = platformInterface.Initialize(networkManager)
 		if err != nil {
@@ -337,7 +386,7 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 		}
 	}
 	if needCacheFile {
-		cacheFile := cachefile.New(ctx, common.PtrValueOrDefault(experimentalOptions.CacheFile))
+		cacheFile := cachefile.New(ctx, logFactory.NewLogger("cache-file"), common.PtrValueOrDefault(experimentalOptions.CacheFile))
 		service.MustRegister[adapter.CacheFile](ctx, cacheFile)
 		internalServices = append(internalServices, cacheFile)
 	}
@@ -380,20 +429,22 @@ func New(options Options) (*Box, error) {
 		internalServices = append(internalServices, adapter.NewLifecycleService(ntpService, "ntp service"))
 	}
 	return &Box{
-		network:         networkManager,
-		endpoint:        endpointManager,
-		inbound:         inboundManager,
-		outbound:        outboundManager,
-		dnsTransport:    dnsTransportManager,
-		service:         serviceManager,
-		dnsRouter:       dnsRouter,
-		connection:      connectionManager,
-		router:          router,
-		createdAt:       createdAt,
-		logFactory:      logFactory,
-		logger:          logFactory.Logger(),
-		internalService: internalServices,
-		done:            make(chan struct{}),
+		network:             networkManager,
+		endpoint:            endpointManager,
+		inbound:             inboundManager,
+		outbound:            outboundManager,
+		dnsTransport:        dnsTransportManager,
+		service:             serviceManager,
+		certificateProvider: certificateProviderManager,
+		dnsRouter:           dnsRouter,
+		connection:          connectionManager,
+		router:              router,
+		httpClientService:   httpClientService,
+		createdAt:           createdAt,
+		logFactory:          logFactory,
+		logger:              logFactory.Logger(),
+		internalService:     internalServices,
+		done:                make(chan struct{}),
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -447,11 +498,19 @@ func (s *Box) preStart() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateInitialize, s.network, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.connection, s.router, s.outbound, s.inbound, s.endpoint, s.service)
+	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateInitialize, s.network, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.connection, s.router, s.outbound, s.inbound, s.endpoint, s.service, s.certificateProvider)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStart, s.outbound, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.network, s.connection, s.router)
+	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStart, s.outbound, s.dnsTransport, s.network, s.connection)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = adapter.StartNamed(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStart, []adapter.LifecycleService{s.httpClientService})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStart, s.router, s.dnsRouter)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -467,11 +526,19 @@ func (s *Box) start() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStart, s.inbound, s.endpoint, s.service)
+	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStart, s.endpoint)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStatePostStart, s.outbound, s.network, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.connection, s.router, s.inbound, s.endpoint, s.service)
+	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStart, s.certificateProvider)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStart, s.inbound, s.service)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStatePostStart, s.outbound, s.network, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.connection, s.router, s.endpoint, s.certificateProvider, s.inbound, s.service)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -479,7 +546,7 @@ func (s *Box) start() error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStarted, s.network, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.connection, s.router, s.outbound, s.inbound, s.endpoint, s.service)
+	err = adapter.Start(s.logger, adapter.StartStateStarted, s.network, s.dnsTransport, s.dnsRouter, s.connection, s.router, s.outbound, s.endpoint, s.certificateProvider, s.inbound, s.service)
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
@@ -503,8 +570,9 @@ func (s *Box) Close() error {
 		service adapter.Lifecycle
 	}{
 		{"service", s.service},
-		{"endpoint", s.endpoint},
 		{"inbound", s.inbound},
+		{"certificate-provider", s.certificateProvider},
+		{"endpoint", s.endpoint},
 		{"outbound", s.outbound},
 		{"router", s.router},
 		{"connection", s.connection},
@@ -519,6 +587,14 @@ func (s *Box) Close() error {
 		})
 		s.logger.Trace("close ", closeItem.name, " completed (", F.Seconds(time.Since(startTime).Seconds()), "s)")
 	}
+	if s.httpClientService != nil {
+		s.logger.Trace("close ", s.httpClientService.Name())
+		startTime := time.Now()
+		err = E.Append(err, s.httpClientService.Close(), func(err error) error {
+			return E.Cause(err, "close ", s.httpClientService.Name())
+		})
+		s.logger.Trace("close ", s.httpClientService.Name(), " completed (", F.Seconds(time.Since(startTime).Seconds()), "s)")
+	}
 	for _, lifecycleService := range s.internalService {
 		s.logger.Trace("close ", lifecycleService.Name())
 		startTime := time.Now()
@@ -552,6 +628,10 @@ func (s *Box) Outbound() adapter.OutboundManager {
 	return s.outbound
 }
 
+func (s *Box) Endpoint() adapter.EndpointManager {
+	return s.endpoint
+}
+
 func (s *Box) LogFactory() log.Factory {
 	return s.logFactory
 }

cmd/internal/app_store_connect/main.go

@@ -100,11 +100,32 @@ findVersion:
 }
 
 func publishTestflight(ctx context.Context) error {
+	if len(os.Args) < 3 {
+		return E.New("platform required: ios, macos, or tvos")
+	}
+	var platform asc.Platform
+	switch os.Args[2] {
+	case "ios":
+		platform = asc.PlatformIOS
+	case "macos":
+		platform = asc.PlatformMACOS
+	case "tvos":
+		platform = asc.PlatformTVOS
+	default:
+		return E.New("unknown platform: ", os.Args[2])
+	}
+
 	tagVersion, err := build_shared.ReadTagVersion()
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
 	tag := tagVersion.VersionString()
+
+	releaseNotes := F.ToString("sing-box ", tagVersion.String())
+	if len(os.Args) >= 4 {
+		releaseNotes = strings.Join(os.Args[3:], " ")
+	}
+
 	client := createClient(20 * time.Minute)
 
 	log.Info(tag, " list build IDs")
@@ -115,97 +136,76 @@ func publishTestflight(ctx context.Context) error {
 	buildIDs := common.Map(buildIDsResponse.Data, func(it asc.RelationshipData) string {
 		return it.ID
 	})
-	var platforms []asc.Platform
-	if len(os.Args) == 3 {
-		switch os.Args[2] {
-		case "ios":
-			platforms = []asc.Platform{asc.PlatformIOS}
-		case "macos":
-			platforms = []asc.Platform{asc.PlatformMACOS}
-		case "tvos":
-			platforms = []asc.Platform{asc.PlatformTVOS}
-		default:
-			return E.New("unknown platform: ", os.Args[2])
-		}
-	} else {
-		platforms = []asc.Platform{
-			asc.PlatformIOS,
-			asc.PlatformMACOS,
-			asc.PlatformTVOS,
-		}
-	}
+
 	waitingForProcess := false
-	for _, platform := range platforms {
-		log.Info(string(platform), " list builds")
-		for {
-			builds, _, err := client.Builds.ListBuilds(ctx, &asc.ListBuildsQuery{
-				FilterApp:                       []string{appID},
-				FilterPreReleaseVersionPlatform: []string{string(platform)},
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			build := builds.Data[0]
-			if !waitingForProcess && (common.Contains(buildIDs, build.ID) || time.Since(build.Attributes.UploadedDate.Time) > 30*time.Minute) {
-				log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " waiting for process")
-				time.Sleep(15 * time.Second)
-				continue
-			}
-			if *build.Attributes.ProcessingState != "VALID" {
-				waitingForProcess = true
-				log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " waiting for process: ", *build.Attributes.ProcessingState)
-				time.Sleep(15 * time.Second)
-				continue
-			}
-			log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " list localizations")
-			localizations, _, err := client.TestFlight.ListBetaBuildLocalizationsForBuild(ctx, build.ID, nil)
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			localization := common.Find(localizations.Data, func(it asc.BetaBuildLocalization) bool {
-				return *it.Attributes.Locale == "en-US"
-			})
-			if localization.ID == "" {
-				log.Fatal(string(platform), " ", tag, " no en-US localization found")
-			}
-			if localization.Attributes == nil || localization.Attributes.WhatsNew == nil || *localization.Attributes.WhatsNew == "" {
-				log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " update localization")
-				_, _, err = client.TestFlight.UpdateBetaBuildLocalization(ctx, localization.ID, common.Ptr(
-					F.ToString("sing-box ", tagVersion.String()),
-				))
-				if err != nil {
-					return err
-				}
-			}
-			log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " publish")
-			response, err := client.TestFlight.AddBuildsToBetaGroup(ctx, groupID, []string{build.ID})
-			if response != nil && (response.StatusCode == http.StatusUnprocessableEntity || response.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound) {
-				log.Info("waiting for process")
-				time.Sleep(15 * time.Second)
-				continue
-			} else if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " list submissions")
-			betaSubmissions, _, err := client.TestFlight.ListBetaAppReviewSubmissions(ctx, &asc.ListBetaAppReviewSubmissionsQuery{
-				FilterBuild: []string{build.ID},
-			})
-			if err != nil {
-				return err
-			}
-			if len(betaSubmissions.Data) == 0 {
-				log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " create submission")
-				_, _, err = client.TestFlight.CreateBetaAppReviewSubmission(ctx, build.ID)
-				if err != nil {
-					if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "ANOTHER_BUILD_IN_REVIEW") {
-						log.Error(err)
-						break
-					}
-					return err
-				}
-			}
-			break
+	log.Info(string(platform), " list builds")
+	for {
+		builds, _, err := client.Builds.ListBuilds(ctx, &asc.ListBuildsQuery{
+			FilterApp:                       []string{appID},
+			FilterPreReleaseVersionPlatform: []string{string(platform)},
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
 		}
+		build := builds.Data[0]
+		log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " found build: ", build.ID, " (", *build.Attributes.Version, ")")
+		if !waitingForProcess && (common.Contains(buildIDs, build.ID) || time.Since(build.Attributes.UploadedDate.Time) > 30*time.Minute) {
+			log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " waiting for process")
+			time.Sleep(15 * time.Second)
+			continue
+		}
+		if *build.Attributes.ProcessingState != "VALID" {
+			waitingForProcess = true
+			log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " waiting for process: ", *build.Attributes.ProcessingState)
+			time.Sleep(15 * time.Second)
+			continue
+		}
+		log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " list localizations")
+		localizations, _, err := client.TestFlight.ListBetaBuildLocalizationsForBuild(ctx, build.ID, nil)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		localization := common.Find(localizations.Data, func(it asc.BetaBuildLocalization) bool {
+			return *it.Attributes.Locale == "en-US"
+		})
+		if localization.ID == "" {
+			log.Fatal(string(platform), " ", tag, " no en-US localization found")
+		}
+		if localization.Attributes == nil || localization.Attributes.WhatsNew == nil || *localization.Attributes.WhatsNew == "" {
+			log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " update localization")
+			_, _, err = client.TestFlight.UpdateBetaBuildLocalization(ctx, localization.ID, common.Ptr(releaseNotes))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " publish")
+		response, err := client.TestFlight.AddBuildsToBetaGroup(ctx, groupID, []string{build.ID})
+		if response != nil && (response.StatusCode == http.StatusUnprocessableEntity || response.StatusCode == http.StatusNotFound) {
+			log.Info("waiting for process")
+			time.Sleep(15 * time.Second)
+			continue
+		} else if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " list submissions")
+		betaSubmissions, _, err := client.TestFlight.ListBetaAppReviewSubmissions(ctx, &asc.ListBetaAppReviewSubmissionsQuery{
+			FilterBuild: []string{build.ID},
+		})
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		if len(betaSubmissions.Data) == 0 {
+			log.Info(string(platform), " ", tag, " create submission")
+			_, _, err = client.TestFlight.CreateBetaAppReviewSubmission(ctx, build.ID)
+			if err != nil {
+				if strings.Contains(err.Error(), "ANOTHER_BUILD_IN_REVIEW") {
+					log.Error(err)
+					break
+				}
+				return err
+			}
+		}
+		break
 	}
 	return nil
 }

cmd/internal/build_libbox/main.go

@@ -17,17 +17,17 @@ import (
 )
 
 var (
-	debugEnabled  bool
-	target        string
-	platform      string
-	withTailscale bool
+	debugEnabled bool
+	target       string
+	platform     string
+	// withTailscale bool
 )
 
 func init() {
 	flag.BoolVar(&debugEnabled, "debug", false, "enable debug")
 	flag.StringVar(&target, "target", "android", "target platform")
 	flag.StringVar(&platform, "platform", "", "specify platform")
-	flag.BoolVar(&withTailscale, "with-tailscale", false, "build tailscale for iOS and tvOS")
+	// flag.BoolVar(&withTailscale, "with-tailscale", false, "build tailscale for iOS and tvOS")
 }
 
 func main() {
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ var (
 	debugFlags  []string
 	sharedTags  []string
 	darwinTags  []string
-	memcTags    []string
+	// memcTags    []string
 	notMemcTags []string
 	debugTags   []string
 )
@@ -63,9 +63,10 @@ func init() {
 	sharedFlags = append(sharedFlags, "-ldflags", "-X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version="+currentTag+" -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -s -w -buildid=  -checklinkname=0")
 	debugFlags = append(debugFlags, "-ldflags", "-X github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant.Version="+currentTag+" -X internal/godebug.defaultGODEBUG=multipathtcp=0 -checklinkname=0")
 
-	sharedTags = append(sharedTags, "with_gvisor", "with_quic", "with_wireguard", "with_utls", "with_naive_outbound", "with_clash_api", "with_conntrack", "badlinkname", "tfogo_checklinkname0")
-	darwinTags = append(darwinTags, "with_dhcp")
-	memcTags = append(memcTags, "with_tailscale")
+	sharedTags = append(sharedTags, "with_gvisor", "with_quic", "with_wireguard", "with_utls", "with_naive_outbound", "with_clash_api", "badlinkname", "tfogo_checklinkname0")
+	darwinTags = append(darwinTags, "with_dhcp", "grpcnotrace")
+	// memcTags = append(memcTags, "with_tailscale")
+	sharedTags = append(sharedTags, "with_tailscale", "ts_omit_logtail", "ts_omit_ssh", "ts_omit_drive", "ts_omit_taildrop", "ts_omit_webclient", "ts_omit_doctor", "ts_omit_capture", "ts_omit_kube", "ts_omit_aws", "ts_omit_synology", "ts_omit_bird")
 	notMemcTags = append(notMemcTags, "with_low_memory")
 	debugTags = append(debugTags, "debug")
 }
@@ -164,7 +165,7 @@ func buildAndroid() {
 
 	// Build main variant (SDK 23)
 	mainTags := append([]string{}, sharedTags...)
-	mainTags = append(mainTags, memcTags...)
+	// mainTags = append(mainTags, memcTags...)
 	if debugEnabled {
 		mainTags = append(mainTags, debugTags...)
 	}
@@ -176,7 +177,7 @@ func buildAndroid() {
 
 	// Build legacy variant (SDK 21, no naive outbound)
 	legacyTags := filterTags(sharedTags, "with_naive_outbound")
-	legacyTags = append(legacyTags, memcTags...)
+	// legacyTags = append(legacyTags, memcTags...)
 	if debugEnabled {
 		legacyTags = append(legacyTags, debugTags...)
 	}
@@ -194,7 +195,7 @@ func buildApple() {
 	} else if debugEnabled {
 		bindTarget = "ios"
 	} else {
-		bindTarget = "ios,tvos,macos"
+		bindTarget = "ios,iossimulator,tvos,tvossimulator,macos"
 	}
 
 	args := []string{
@@ -204,9 +205,9 @@ func buildApple() {
 		"-libname=box",
 		"-tags-not-macos=with_low_memory",
 	}
-	if !withTailscale {
-		args = append(args, "-tags-macos="+strings.Join(memcTags, ","))
-	}
+	//if !withTailscale {
+	//	args = append(args, "-tags-macos="+strings.Join(memcTags, ","))
+	//}
 
 	if !debugEnabled {
 		args = append(args, sharedFlags...)
@@ -215,9 +216,9 @@ func buildApple() {
 	}
 
 	tags := append(sharedTags, darwinTags...)
-	if withTailscale {
-		tags = append(tags, memcTags...)
-	}
+	//if withTailscale {
+	//	tags = append(tags, memcTags...)
+	//}
 	if debugEnabled {
 		tags = append(tags, debugTags...)
 	}

cmd/internal/update_apple_version/main.go

@@ -71,12 +71,12 @@ func findAndReplace(objectsMap map[string]any, projectContent string, bundleIDLi
 		indexEnd := indexStart + strings.Index(projectContent[indexStart:], "}")
 		versionStart := indexStart + strings.Index(projectContent[indexStart:indexEnd], "MARKETING_VERSION = ") + 20
 		versionEnd := versionStart + strings.Index(projectContent[versionStart:indexEnd], ";")
-		version := projectContent[versionStart:versionEnd]
+		version := strings.Trim(projectContent[versionStart:versionEnd], "\"")
 		if version == newVersion {
 			continue
 		}
 		updated = true
-		projectContent = projectContent[:versionStart] + newVersion + projectContent[versionEnd:]
+		projectContent = projectContent[:versionStart] + "\"" + newVersion + "\"" + projectContent[versionEnd:]
 	}
 	return projectContent, updated
 }

cmd/sing-box/cmd_rule_set_compile.go

@@ -82,6 +82,11 @@ func compileRuleSet(sourcePath string) error {
 }
 
 func downgradeRuleSetVersion(version uint8, options option.PlainRuleSet) uint8 {
+	if version == C.RuleSetVersion5 && !rule.HasHeadlessRule(options.Rules, func(rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule) bool {
+		return len(rule.PackageNameRegex) > 0
+	}) {
+		version = C.RuleSetVersion4
+	}
 	if version == C.RuleSetVersion4 && !rule.HasHeadlessRule(options.Rules, func(rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule) bool {
 		return rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress != nil && rule.NetworkInterfaceAddress.Size() > 0 ||
 			len(rule.DefaultInterfaceAddress) > 0

cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_networkquality.go

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/networkquality"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+var (
+	commandNetworkQualityFlagConfigURL  string
+	commandNetworkQualityFlagSerial     bool
+	commandNetworkQualityFlagMaxRuntime int
+	commandNetworkQualityFlagHTTP3      bool
+)
+
+var commandNetworkQuality = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "networkquality",
+	Short: "Run a network quality test",
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		err := runNetworkQuality()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	},
+}
+
+func init() {
+	commandNetworkQuality.Flags().StringVar(
+		&commandNetworkQualityFlagConfigURL,
+		"config-url", "",
+		"Network quality test config URL (default: Apple mensura)",
+	)
+	commandNetworkQuality.Flags().BoolVar(
+		&commandNetworkQualityFlagSerial,
+		"serial", false,
+		"Run download and upload tests sequentially instead of in parallel",
+	)
+	commandNetworkQuality.Flags().IntVar(
+		&commandNetworkQualityFlagMaxRuntime,
+		"max-runtime", int(networkquality.DefaultMaxRuntime/time.Second),
+		"Network quality maximum runtime in seconds",
+	)
+	commandNetworkQuality.Flags().BoolVar(
+		&commandNetworkQualityFlagHTTP3,
+		"http3", false,
+		"Use HTTP/3 (QUIC) for measurement traffic",
+	)
+	commandTools.AddCommand(commandNetworkQuality)
+}
+
+func runNetworkQuality() error {
+	instance, err := createPreStartedClient()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer instance.Close()
+
+	dialer, err := createDialer(instance, commandToolsFlagOutbound)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	httpClient := networkquality.NewHTTPClient(dialer)
+	defer httpClient.CloseIdleConnections()
+
+	measurementClientFactory, err := networkquality.NewOptionalHTTP3Factory(dialer, commandNetworkQualityFlagHTTP3)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "==== NETWORK QUALITY TEST ====")
+
+	result, err := networkquality.Run(networkquality.Options{
+		ConfigURL:            commandNetworkQualityFlagConfigURL,
+		HTTPClient:           httpClient,
+		NewMeasurementClient: measurementClientFactory,
+		Serial:               commandNetworkQualityFlagSerial,
+		MaxRuntime:           time.Duration(commandNetworkQualityFlagMaxRuntime) * time.Second,
+		Context:              globalCtx,
+		OnProgress: func(p networkquality.Progress) {
+			if !commandNetworkQualityFlagSerial && p.Phase != networkquality.PhaseIdle {
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\rDownload: %s  RPM: %d  Upload: %s  RPM: %d",
+					networkquality.FormatBitrate(p.DownloadCapacity), p.DownloadRPM,
+					networkquality.FormatBitrate(p.UploadCapacity), p.UploadRPM)
+				return
+			}
+			switch networkquality.Phase(p.Phase) {
+			case networkquality.PhaseIdle:
+				if p.IdleLatencyMs > 0 {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\rIdle Latency: %d ms", p.IdleLatencyMs)
+				} else {
+					fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "\rMeasuring idle latency...")
+				}
+			case networkquality.PhaseDownload:
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\rDownload: %s  RPM: %d",
+					networkquality.FormatBitrate(p.DownloadCapacity), p.DownloadRPM)
+			case networkquality.PhaseUpload:
+				fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\rUpload: %s  RPM: %d",
+					networkquality.FormatBitrate(p.UploadCapacity), p.UploadRPM)
+			}
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr)
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, strings.Repeat("-", 40))
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Idle Latency:            %d ms\n", result.IdleLatencyMs)
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Download Capacity:       %-20s Accuracy: %s\n", networkquality.FormatBitrate(result.DownloadCapacity), result.DownloadCapacityAccuracy)
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Upload Capacity:         %-20s Accuracy: %s\n", networkquality.FormatBitrate(result.UploadCapacity), result.UploadCapacityAccuracy)
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Download Responsiveness: %-20s Accuracy: %s\n", fmt.Sprintf("%d RPM", result.DownloadRPM), result.DownloadRPMAccuracy)
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Upload Responsiveness:   %-20s Accuracy: %s\n", fmt.Sprintf("%d RPM", result.UploadRPM), result.UploadRPMAccuracy)
+	return nil
+}

cmd/sing-box/cmd_tools_stun.go

@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+package main
+
+import (
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/stun"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+
+	"github.com/spf13/cobra"
+)
+
+var commandSTUNFlagServer string
+
+var commandSTUN = &cobra.Command{
+	Use:   "stun",
+	Short: "Run a STUN test",
+	Args:  cobra.NoArgs,
+	Run: func(cmd *cobra.Command, args []string) {
+		err := runSTUN()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Fatal(err)
+		}
+	},
+}
+
+func init() {
+	commandSTUN.Flags().StringVarP(&commandSTUNFlagServer, "server", "s", stun.DefaultServer, "STUN server address")
+	commandTools.AddCommand(commandSTUN)
+}
+
+func runSTUN() error {
+	instance, err := createPreStartedClient()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	defer instance.Close()
+
+	dialer, err := createDialer(instance, commandToolsFlagOutbound)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "==== STUN TEST ====")
+
+	result, err := stun.Run(stun.Options{
+		Server:  commandSTUNFlagServer,
+		Dialer:  dialer,
+		Context: globalCtx,
+		OnProgress: func(p stun.Progress) {
+			switch p.Phase {
+			case stun.PhaseBinding:
+				if p.ExternalAddr != "" {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "\rExternal Address: %s (%d ms)", p.ExternalAddr, p.LatencyMs)
+				} else {
+					fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "\rSending binding request...")
+				}
+			case stun.PhaseNATMapping:
+				fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "\rDetecting NAT mapping behavior...")
+			case stun.PhaseNATFiltering:
+				fmt.Fprint(os.Stderr, "\rDetecting NAT filtering behavior...")
+			}
+		},
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr)
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "External Address: %s\n", result.ExternalAddr)
+	fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "Latency:          %d ms\n", result.LatencyMs)
+	if result.NATTypeSupported {
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "NAT Mapping:      %s\n", result.NATMapping)
+		fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "NAT Filtering:    %s\n", result.NATFiltering)
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprintln(os.Stderr, "NAT Type Detection: not supported by server")
+	}
+	return nil
+}

common/conntrack/conn.go

@@ -1,54 +0,0 @@
-package conntrack
-
-import (
-	"io"
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
-)
-
-type Conn struct {
-	net.Conn
-	element *list.Element[io.Closer]
-}
-
-func NewConn(conn net.Conn) (net.Conn, error) {
-	connAccess.Lock()
-	element := openConnection.PushBack(conn)
-	connAccess.Unlock()
-	if KillerEnabled {
-		err := KillerCheck()
-		if err != nil {
-			conn.Close()
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	return &Conn{
-		Conn:    conn,
-		element: element,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (c *Conn) Close() error {
-	if c.element.Value != nil {
-		connAccess.Lock()
-		if c.element.Value != nil {
-			openConnection.Remove(c.element)
-			c.element.Value = nil
-		}
-		connAccess.Unlock()
-	}
-	return c.Conn.Close()
-}
-
-func (c *Conn) Upstream() any {
-	return c.Conn
-}
-
-func (c *Conn) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
-	return true
-}
-
-func (c *Conn) WriterReplaceable() bool {
-	return true
-}

common/conntrack/killer.go

@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-package conntrack
-
-import (
-	runtimeDebug "runtime/debug"
-	"time"
-
-	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/memory"
-)
-
-var (
-	KillerEnabled   bool
-	MemoryLimit     uint64
-	killerLastCheck time.Time
-)
-
-func KillerCheck() error {
-	if !KillerEnabled {
-		return nil
-	}
-	nowTime := time.Now()
-	if nowTime.Sub(killerLastCheck) < 3*time.Second {
-		return nil
-	}
-	killerLastCheck = nowTime
-	if memory.Total() > MemoryLimit {
-		Close()
-		go func() {
-			time.Sleep(time.Second)
-			runtimeDebug.FreeOSMemory()
-		}()
-		return E.New("out of memory")
-	}
-	return nil
-}

common/conntrack/packet_conn.go

@@ -1,55 +0,0 @@
-package conntrack
-
-import (
-	"io"
-	"net"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
-)
-
-type PacketConn struct {
-	net.PacketConn
-	element *list.Element[io.Closer]
-}
-
-func NewPacketConn(conn net.PacketConn) (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	connAccess.Lock()
-	element := openConnection.PushBack(conn)
-	connAccess.Unlock()
-	if KillerEnabled {
-		err := KillerCheck()
-		if err != nil {
-			conn.Close()
-			return nil, err
-		}
-	}
-	return &PacketConn{
-		PacketConn: conn,
-		element:    element,
-	}, nil
-}
-
-func (c *PacketConn) Close() error {
-	if c.element.Value != nil {
-		connAccess.Lock()
-		if c.element.Value != nil {
-			openConnection.Remove(c.element)
-			c.element.Value = nil
-		}
-		connAccess.Unlock()
-	}
-	return c.PacketConn.Close()
-}
-
-func (c *PacketConn) Upstream() any {
-	return bufio.NewPacketConn(c.PacketConn)
-}
-
-func (c *PacketConn) ReaderReplaceable() bool {
-	return true
-}
-
-func (c *PacketConn) WriterReplaceable() bool {
-	return true
-}

common/conntrack/track.go

@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-package conntrack
-
-import (
-	"io"
-	"sync"
-
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/x/list"
-)
-
-var (
-	connAccess     sync.RWMutex
-	openConnection list.List[io.Closer]
-)
-
-func Count() int {
-	if !Enabled {
-		return 0
-	}
-	return openConnection.Len()
-}
-
-func List() []io.Closer {
-	if !Enabled {
-		return nil
-	}
-	connAccess.RLock()
-	defer connAccess.RUnlock()
-	connList := make([]io.Closer, 0, openConnection.Len())
-	for element := openConnection.Front(); element != nil; element = element.Next() {
-		connList = append(connList, element.Value)
-	}
-	return connList
-}
-
-func Close() {
-	if !Enabled {
-		return
-	}
-	connAccess.Lock()
-	defer connAccess.Unlock()
-	for element := openConnection.Front(); element != nil; element = element.Next() {
-		common.Close(element.Value)
-		element.Value = nil
-	}
-	openConnection.Init()
-}

common/conntrack/track_disable.go

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-//go:build !with_conntrack
-
-package conntrack
-
-const Enabled = false

common/conntrack/track_enable.go

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-//go:build with_conntrack
-
-package conntrack
-
-const Enabled = true

common/dialer/default.go

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/conntrack"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/listener"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
@@ -37,6 +36,7 @@ type DefaultDialer struct {
 	udpAddr4               string
 	udpAddr6               string
 	netns                  string
+	connectionManager      adapter.ConnectionManager
 	networkManager         adapter.NetworkManager
 	networkStrategy        *C.NetworkStrategy
 	defaultNetworkStrategy bool
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ type DefaultDialer struct {
 }
 
 func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDialer, error) {
+	connectionManager := service.FromContext[adapter.ConnectionManager](ctx)
 	networkManager := service.FromContext[adapter.NetworkManager](ctx)
 	platformInterface := service.FromContext[adapter.PlatformInterface](ctx)
 
@@ -89,7 +90,7 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 
 	if networkManager != nil {
 		defaultOptions := networkManager.DefaultOptions()
-		if defaultOptions.BindInterface != "" {
+		if defaultOptions.BindInterface != "" && !disableDefaultBind {
 			bindFunc := control.BindToInterface(networkManager.InterfaceFinder(), defaultOptions.BindInterface, -1)
 			dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, bindFunc)
 			listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, bindFunc)
@@ -137,12 +138,21 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 		dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.ProtectPath(options.ProtectPath))
 		listener.Control = control.Append(listener.Control, control.ProtectPath(options.ProtectPath))
 	}
+	if options.BindAddressNoPort {
+		if !C.IsLinux {
+			return nil, E.New("`bind_address_no_port` is only supported on Linux")
+		}
+		dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.BindAddressNoPort())
+	}
 	if options.ConnectTimeout != 0 {
 		dialer.Timeout = time.Duration(options.ConnectTimeout)
 	} else {
 		dialer.Timeout = C.TCPConnectTimeout
 	}
-	if !options.DisableTCPKeepAlive {
+	if options.DisableTCPKeepAlive {
+		dialer.KeepAlive = -1
+		dialer.KeepAliveConfig.Enable = false
+	} else {
 		keepIdle := time.Duration(options.TCPKeepAlive)
 		if keepIdle == 0 {
 			keepIdle = C.TCPKeepAliveInitial
@@ -151,8 +161,11 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 		if keepInterval == 0 {
 			keepInterval = C.TCPKeepAliveInterval
 		}
-		dialer.KeepAlive = keepIdle
-		dialer.Control = control.Append(dialer.Control, control.SetKeepAlivePeriod(keepIdle, keepInterval))
+		dialer.KeepAliveConfig = net.KeepAliveConfig{
+			Enable:   true,
+			Idle:     keepIdle,
+			Interval: keepInterval,
+		}
 	}
 	var udpFragment bool
 	if options.UDPFragment != nil {
@@ -200,6 +213,7 @@ func NewDefault(ctx context.Context, options option.DialerOptions) (*DefaultDial
 		udpAddr4:               udpAddr4,
 		udpAddr6:               udpAddr6,
 		netns:                  options.NetNs,
+		connectionManager:      connectionManager,
 		networkManager:         networkManager,
 		networkStrategy:        networkStrategy,
 		defaultNetworkStrategy: defaultNetworkStrategy,
@@ -228,11 +242,11 @@ func setMarkWrapper(networkManager adapter.NetworkManager, mark uint32, isDefaul
 func (d *DefaultDialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, address M.Socksaddr) (net.Conn, error) {
 	if !address.IsValid() {
 		return nil, E.New("invalid address")
-	} else if address.IsFqdn() {
+	} else if address.IsDomain() {
 		return nil, E.New("domain not resolved")
 	}
 	if d.networkStrategy == nil {
-		return trackConn(listener.ListenNetworkNamespace[net.Conn](d.netns, func() (net.Conn, error) {
+		return d.trackConn(listener.ListenNetworkNamespace[net.Conn](d.netns, func() (net.Conn, error) {
 			switch N.NetworkName(network) {
 			case N.NetworkUDP:
 				if !address.IsIPv6() {
@@ -297,12 +311,12 @@ func (d *DefaultDialer) DialParallelInterface(ctx context.Context, network strin
 	if !fastFallback && !isPrimary {
 		d.networkLastFallback.Store(time.Now())
 	}
-	return trackConn(conn, nil)
+	return d.trackConn(conn, nil)
 }
 
 func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, error) {
 	if d.networkStrategy == nil {
-		return trackPacketConn(listener.ListenNetworkNamespace[net.PacketConn](d.netns, func() (net.PacketConn, error) {
+		return d.trackPacketConn(listener.ListenNetworkNamespace[net.PacketConn](d.netns, func() (net.PacketConn, error) {
 			if destination.IsIPv6() {
 				return d.udpListener.ListenPacket(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, d.udpAddr6)
 			} else if destination.IsIPv4() && !destination.Addr.IsUnspecified() {
@@ -318,9 +332,9 @@ func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksadd
 
 func (d *DefaultDialer) DialerForICMPDestination(destination netip.Addr) net.Dialer {
 	if !destination.Is6() {
-		return d.dialer6.Dialer
-	} else {
 		return d.dialer4.Dialer
+	} else {
+		return d.dialer6.Dialer
 	}
 }
 
@@ -354,23 +368,23 @@ func (d *DefaultDialer) ListenSerialInterfacePacket(ctx context.Context, destina
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
-	return trackPacketConn(packetConn, nil)
+	return d.trackPacketConn(packetConn, nil)
 }
 
 func (d *DefaultDialer) WireGuardControl() control.Func {
 	return d.udpListener.Control
 }
 
-func trackConn(conn net.Conn, err error) (net.Conn, error) {
-	if !conntrack.Enabled || err != nil {
+func (d *DefaultDialer) trackConn(conn net.Conn, err error) (net.Conn, error) {
+	if d.connectionManager == nil || err != nil {
 		return conn, err
 	}
-	return conntrack.NewConn(conn)
+	return d.connectionManager.TrackConn(conn), nil
 }
 
-func trackPacketConn(conn net.PacketConn, err error) (net.PacketConn, error) {
-	if !conntrack.Enabled || err != nil {
+func (d *DefaultDialer) trackPacketConn(conn net.PacketConn, err error) (net.PacketConn, error) {
+	if d.connectionManager == nil || err != nil {
 		return conn, err
 	}
-	return conntrack.NewPacketConn(conn)
+	return d.connectionManager.TrackPacketConn(conn), nil
 }

common/dialer/detour.go

@@ -19,6 +19,7 @@ type DirectDialer interface {
 type DetourDialer struct {
 	outboundManager adapter.OutboundManager
 	detour          string
+	defaultOutbound bool
 	legacyDNSDialer bool
 	dialer          N.Dialer
 	initOnce        sync.Once
@@ -33,6 +34,13 @@ func NewDetour(outboundManager adapter.OutboundManager, detour string, legacyDNS
 	}
 }
 
+func NewDefaultOutboundDetour(outboundManager adapter.OutboundManager) N.Dialer {
+	return &DetourDialer{
+		outboundManager: outboundManager,
+		defaultOutbound: true,
+	}
+}
+
 func InitializeDetour(dialer N.Dialer) error {
 	detourDialer, isDetour := common.Cast[*DetourDialer](dialer)
 	if !isDetour {
@@ -47,12 +55,18 @@ func (d *DetourDialer) Dialer() (N.Dialer, error) {
 }
 
 func (d *DetourDialer) init() {
-	dialer, loaded := d.outboundManager.Outbound(d.detour)
-	if !loaded {
-		d.initErr = E.New("outbound detour not found: ", d.detour)
-		return
+	var dialer adapter.Outbound
+	if d.detour != "" {
+		var loaded bool
+		dialer, loaded = d.outboundManager.Outbound(d.detour)
+		if !loaded {
+			d.initErr = E.New("outbound detour not found: ", d.detour)
+			return
+		}
+	} else {
+		dialer = d.outboundManager.Default()
 	}
-	if !d.legacyDNSDialer {
+	if !d.defaultOutbound && !d.legacyDNSDialer {
 		if directDialer, isDirect := dialer.(DirectDialer); isDirect {
 			if directDialer.IsEmpty() {
 				d.initErr = E.New("detour to an empty direct outbound makes no sense")

common/dialer/dialer.go

@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@ type Options struct {
 	NewDialer        bool
 	LegacyDNSDialer  bool
 	DirectOutbound   bool
+	DefaultOutbound  bool
 }
 
 // TODO: merge with NewWithOptions
@@ -42,19 +43,26 @@ func NewWithOptions(options Options) (N.Dialer, error) {
 		dialer N.Dialer
 		err    error
 	)
+	hasDetour := dialOptions.Detour != "" || options.DefaultOutbound
 	if dialOptions.Detour != "" {
 		outboundManager := service.FromContext[adapter.OutboundManager](options.Context)
 		if outboundManager == nil {
 			return nil, E.New("missing outbound manager")
 		}
 		dialer = NewDetour(outboundManager, dialOptions.Detour, options.LegacyDNSDialer)
+	} else if options.DefaultOutbound {
+		outboundManager := service.FromContext[adapter.OutboundManager](options.Context)
+		if outboundManager == nil {
+			return nil, E.New("missing outbound manager")
+		}
+		dialer = NewDefaultOutboundDetour(outboundManager)
 	} else {
 		dialer, err = NewDefault(options.Context, dialOptions)
 		if err != nil {
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
-	if options.RemoteIsDomain && (dialOptions.Detour == "" || options.ResolverOnDetour || dialOptions.DomainResolver != nil && dialOptions.DomainResolver.Server != "") {
+	if options.RemoteIsDomain && (!hasDetour || options.ResolverOnDetour || dialOptions.DomainResolver != nil && dialOptions.DomainResolver.Server != "") {
 		networkManager := service.FromContext[adapter.NetworkManager](options.Context)
 		dnsTransport := service.FromContext[adapter.DNSTransportManager](options.Context)
 		var defaultOptions adapter.NetworkOptions
@@ -87,11 +95,12 @@ func NewWithOptions(options Options) (N.Dialer, error) {
 			}
 			server = dialOptions.DomainResolver.Server
 			dnsQueryOptions = adapter.DNSQueryOptions{
-				Transport:    transport,
-				Strategy:     strategy,
-				DisableCache: dialOptions.DomainResolver.DisableCache,
-				RewriteTTL:   dialOptions.DomainResolver.RewriteTTL,
-				ClientSubnet: dialOptions.DomainResolver.ClientSubnet.Build(netip.Prefix{}),
+				Transport:              transport,
+				Strategy:               strategy,
+				DisableCache:           dialOptions.DomainResolver.DisableCache,
+				DisableOptimisticCache: dialOptions.DomainResolver.DisableOptimisticCache,
+				RewriteTTL:             dialOptions.DomainResolver.RewriteTTL,
+				ClientSubnet:           dialOptions.DomainResolver.ClientSubnet.Build(netip.Prefix{}),
 			}
 			resolveFallbackDelay = time.Duration(dialOptions.FallbackDelay)
 		} else if options.DirectResolver {
@@ -145,3 +154,7 @@ type ParallelNetworkDialer interface {
 	DialParallelNetwork(ctx context.Context, network string, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.Conn, error)
 	ListenSerialNetworkPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr, destinationAddresses []netip.Addr, strategy *C.NetworkStrategy, interfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackInterfaceType []C.InterfaceType, fallbackDelay time.Duration) (net.PacketConn, netip.Addr, error)
 }
+
+type PacketDialerWithDestination interface {
+	ListenPacketWithDestination(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksaddr) (net.PacketConn, netip.Addr, error)
+}

common/dialer/resolve.go

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ func (d *resolveDialer) DialContext(ctx context.Context, network string, destina
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if !destination.IsFqdn() {
+	if !destination.IsDomain() {
 		return d.dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, destination)
 	}
 	ctx = log.ContextWithOverrideLevel(ctx, log.LevelDebug)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ func (d *resolveDialer) ListenPacket(ctx context.Context, destination M.Socksadd
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if !destination.IsFqdn() {
+	if !destination.IsDomain() {
 		return d.dialer.ListenPacket(ctx, destination)
 	}
 	ctx = log.ContextWithOverrideLevel(ctx, log.LevelDebug)
@@ -144,7 +144,7 @@ func (d *resolveParallelNetworkDialer) DialParallelInterface(ctx context.Context
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if !destination.IsFqdn() {
+	if !destination.IsDomain() {
 		return d.dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, destination)
 	}
 	ctx = log.ContextWithOverrideLevel(ctx, log.LevelDebug)
@@ -167,7 +167,7 @@ func (d *resolveParallelNetworkDialer) ListenSerialInterfacePacket(ctx context.C
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if !destination.IsFqdn() {
+	if !destination.IsDomain() {
 		return d.dialer.ListenPacket(ctx, destination)
 	}
 	ctx = log.ContextWithOverrideLevel(ctx, log.LevelDebug)

common/geosite/compat_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+package geosite
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+// Old implementation using varbin reflection-based serialization
+
+func oldWriteString(writer varbin.Writer, value string) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+}
+
+func oldWriteItem(writer varbin.Writer, item Item) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, item)
+}
+
+func oldReadString(reader varbin.Reader) (string, error) {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.ReadValue[string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+}
+
+func oldReadItem(reader varbin.Reader) (Item, error) {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.ReadValue[Item](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+}
+
+func TestStringCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input string
+	}{
+		{"empty", ""},
+		{"single_char", "a"},
+		{"ascii", "example.com"},
+		{"utf8", "测试域名.中国"},
+		{"special_chars", "\x00\xff\n\t"},
+		{"127_bytes", strings.Repeat("x", 127)},
+		{"128_bytes", strings.Repeat("x", 128)},
+		{"16383_bytes", strings.Repeat("x", 16383)},
+		{"16384_bytes", strings.Repeat("x", 16384)},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Old write
+			var oldBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := oldWriteString(&oldBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err = writeString(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Bytes must match
+			require.Equal(t, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes(),
+				"mismatch for %q\nold: %x\nnew: %x", tc.name, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes())
+
+			// New write -> old read
+			readBack, err := oldReadString(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// Old write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readString(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(oldBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestItemCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Note: varbin.Write has a bug where struct values (not pointers) don't write their fields
+	// because field.CanSet() returns false for non-addressable values.
+	// The old geosite code passed Item values to varbin.Write, which silently wrote nothing.
+	// The new code correctly writes Type + Value using manual serialization.
+	// This test verifies the new serialization format and round-trip correctness.
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input Item
+	}{
+		{"domain_empty", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: ""}},
+		{"domain_normal", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "example.com"}},
+		{"domain_suffix", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: ".example.com"}},
+		{"domain_keyword", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomainKeyword, Value: "google"}},
+		{"domain_regex", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomainRegex, Value: `^.*\.example\.com$`}},
+		{"utf8_domain", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "测试.com"}},
+		{"long_domain", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: strings.Repeat("a", 200) + ".com"}},
+		{"128_bytes_value", Item{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: strings.Repeat("x", 128)}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := newBuf.WriteByte(byte(tc.input.Type))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			err = writeString(&newBuf, tc.input.Value)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Verify format: Type (1 byte) + Value (uvarint len + bytes)
+			require.True(t, len(newBuf.Bytes()) >= 1, "output too short")
+			require.Equal(t, byte(tc.input.Type), newBuf.Bytes()[0], "type byte mismatch")
+
+			// New write -> old read (varbin can read correctly when given addressable target)
+			readBack, err := oldReadItem(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// New write -> new read
+			reader := bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes()))
+			typeByte, err := reader.ReadByte()
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			value, err := readString(reader)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, Item{Type: ItemType(typeByte), Value: value})
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGeositeWriteReadCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input map[string][]Item
+	}{
+		{
+			"empty_map",
+			map[string][]Item{},
+		},
+		{
+			"single_code_empty_items",
+			map[string][]Item{"test": {}},
+		},
+		{
+			"single_code_single_item",
+			map[string][]Item{"test": {{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "a.com"}}},
+		},
+		{
+			"single_code_multi_items",
+			map[string][]Item{
+				"test": {
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "a.com"},
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: ".b.com"},
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomainKeyword, Value: "keyword"},
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomainRegex, Value: `^.*$`},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"multi_code",
+			map[string][]Item{
+				"cn": {{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "baidu.com"}, {Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: ".cn"}},
+				"us": {{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "google.com"}},
+				"jp": {{Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: ".jp"}},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"utf8_values",
+			map[string][]Item{
+				"test": {
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomain, Value: "测试.中国"},
+					{Type: RuleTypeDomainSuffix, Value: ".テスト"},
+				},
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"large_items",
+			generateLargeItems(1000),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Write using new implementation
+			var buf bytes.Buffer
+			err := Write(&buf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Read back and verify
+			reader, codes, err := NewReader(bytes.NewReader(buf.Bytes()))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Verify all codes exist
+			codeSet := make(map[string]bool)
+			for _, code := range codes {
+				codeSet[code] = true
+			}
+			for code := range tc.input {
+				require.True(t, codeSet[code], "missing code: %s", code)
+			}
+
+			// Verify items match
+			for code, expectedItems := range tc.input {
+				items, err := reader.Read(code)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.Equal(t, expectedItems, items, "items mismatch for code: %s", code)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func generateLargeItems(count int) map[string][]Item {
+	items := make([]Item, count)
+	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+		items[i] = Item{
+			Type:  ItemType(i % 4),
+			Value: strings.Repeat("x", i%200) + ".com",
+		}
+	}
+	return map[string][]Item{"large": items}
+}

common/geosite/reader.go

@@ -9,7 +9,6 @@ import (
 	"sync/atomic"
 
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 )
 
 type Reader struct {
@@ -78,7 +77,7 @@ func (r *Reader) readMetadata() error {
 			codeIndex  uint64
 			codeLength uint64
 		)
-		code, err = varbin.ReadValue[string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+		code, err = readString(reader)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -112,9 +111,16 @@ func (r *Reader) Read(code string) ([]Item, error) {
 	}
 	r.bufferedReader.Reset(r.reader)
 	itemList := make([]Item, r.domainLength[code])
-	err = varbin.Read(r.bufferedReader, binary.BigEndian, &itemList)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
+	for i := range itemList {
+		typeByte, err := r.bufferedReader.ReadByte()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		itemList[i].Type = ItemType(typeByte)
+		itemList[i].Value, err = readString(r.bufferedReader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
 	}
 	return itemList, nil
 }
@@ -135,3 +141,18 @@ func (r *readCounter) Read(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
 	}
 	return
 }
+
+func readString(reader io.ByteReader) (string, error) {
+	length, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	bytes := make([]byte, length)
+	for i := range bytes {
+		bytes[i], err = reader.ReadByte()
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", err
+		}
+	}
+	return string(bytes), nil
+}

common/geosite/writer.go

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ package geosite
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
-	"encoding/binary"
 	"sort"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
@@ -20,7 +19,11 @@ func Write(writer varbin.Writer, domains map[string][]Item) error {
 	for _, code := range keys {
 		index[code] = content.Len()
 		for _, item := range domains[code] {
-			err := varbin.Write(content, binary.BigEndian, item)
+			err := content.WriteByte(byte(item.Type))
+			if err != nil {
+				return err
+			}
+			err = writeString(content, item.Value)
 			if err != nil {
 				return err
 			}
@@ -38,7 +41,7 @@ func Write(writer varbin.Writer, domains map[string][]Item) error {
 	}
 
 	for _, code := range keys {
-		err = varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, code)
+		err = writeString(writer, code)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}
@@ -59,3 +62,12 @@ func Write(writer varbin.Writer, domains map[string][]Item) error {
 
 	return nil
 }
+
+func writeString(writer varbin.Writer, value string) error {
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = writer.Write([]byte(value))
+	return err
+}

common/httpclient/client.go

@@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
+package httpclient
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/dialer"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+type httpTransport interface {
+	http.RoundTripper
+	CloseIdleConnections()
+	Clone() httpTransport
+}
+
+type Client struct {
+	transport httpTransport
+	headers   http.Header
+	host      string
+	tag       string
+}
+
+func NewClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, tag string, options option.HTTPClientOptions) (*Client, error) {
+	rawDialer, err := dialer.NewWithOptions(dialer.Options{
+		Context:          ctx,
+		Options:          options.DialerOptions,
+		RemoteIsDomain:   true,
+		ResolverOnDetour: options.ResolveOnDetour,
+		NewDialer:        options.ResolveOnDetour,
+		DefaultOutbound:  options.DefaultOutbound,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	tlsOptions := common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.TLS)
+	tlsOptions.Enabled = true
+	baseTLSConfig, err := tls.NewClientWithOptions(tls.ClientOptions{
+		Context:              ctx,
+		Logger:               logger,
+		Options:              tlsOptions,
+		AllowEmptyServerName: true,
+	})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return NewClientWithDialer(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, tag, options)
+}
+
+func NewClientWithDialer(rawDialer N.Dialer, baseTLSConfig tls.Config, tag string, options option.HTTPClientOptions) (*Client, error) {
+	headers := options.Headers.Build()
+	host := headers.Get("Host")
+	headers.Del("Host")
+	transport, err := newTransport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, options)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &Client{
+		transport: transport,
+		headers:   headers,
+		host:      host,
+		tag:       tag,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func newTransport(rawDialer N.Dialer, baseTLSConfig tls.Config, options option.HTTPClientOptions) (httpTransport, error) {
+	version := options.Version
+	if version == 0 {
+		version = 2
+	}
+	fallbackDelay := time.Duration(options.DialerOptions.FallbackDelay)
+	if fallbackDelay == 0 {
+		fallbackDelay = 300 * time.Millisecond
+	}
+	var transport httpTransport
+	var err error
+	switch version {
+	case 1:
+		transport = newHTTP1Transport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig)
+	case 2:
+		if options.DisableVersionFallback {
+			transport, err = newHTTP2Transport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, options.HTTP2Options)
+		} else {
+			transport, err = newHTTP2FallbackTransport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, options.HTTP2Options)
+		}
+	case 3:
+		if baseTLSConfig != nil {
+			_, err = baseTLSConfig.STDConfig()
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+		}
+		if options.DisableVersionFallback {
+			transport, err = newHTTP3Transport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, options.HTTP3Options)
+		} else {
+			var h2Fallback httpTransport
+			h2Fallback, err = newHTTP2FallbackTransport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, options.HTTP2Options)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			transport, err = newHTTP3FallbackTransport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, h2Fallback, options.HTTP3Options, fallbackDelay)
+		}
+	default:
+		return nil, E.New("unknown HTTP version: ", version)
+	}
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return transport, nil
+}
+
+func (c *Client) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if c.tag == "" && len(c.headers) == 0 && c.host == "" {
+		return c.transport.RoundTrip(request)
+	}
+	if c.tag != "" {
+		if transportTag, loaded := transportTagFromContext(request.Context()); loaded && transportTag == c.tag {
+			return nil, E.New("HTTP request loopback in transport[", c.tag, "]")
+		}
+		request = request.Clone(contextWithTransportTag(request.Context(), c.tag))
+	} else {
+		request = request.Clone(request.Context())
+	}
+	applyHeaders(request, c.headers, c.host)
+	return c.transport.RoundTrip(request)
+}
+
+func (c *Client) CloseIdleConnections() {
+	c.transport.CloseIdleConnections()
+}
+
+func (c *Client) Clone() *Client {
+	return &Client{
+		transport: c.transport.Clone(),
+		headers:   c.headers.Clone(),
+		host:      c.host,
+		tag:       c.tag,
+	}
+}
+
+func (c *Client) Close() error {
+	c.CloseIdleConnections()
+	if closer, isCloser := c.transport.(io.Closer); isCloser {
+		return closer.Close()
+	}
+	return nil
+}

common/httpclient/context.go

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+package httpclient
+
+import "context"
+
+type transportKey struct{}
+
+func contextWithTransportTag(ctx context.Context, transportTag string) context.Context {
+	return context.WithValue(ctx, transportKey{}, transportTag)
+}
+
+func transportTagFromContext(ctx context.Context) (string, bool) {
+	value, loaded := ctx.Value(transportKey{}).(string)
+	return value, loaded
+}

common/httpclient/helpers.go

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package httpclient
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	stdTLS "crypto/tls"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func dialTLS(ctx context.Context, rawDialer N.Dialer, baseTLSConfig tls.Config, destination M.Socksaddr, nextProtos []string, expectProto string) (net.Conn, error) {
+	if baseTLSConfig == nil {
+		return nil, E.New("TLS transport unavailable")
+	}
+	tlsConfig := baseTLSConfig.Clone()
+	if tlsConfig.ServerName() == "" && destination.IsValid() {
+		tlsConfig.SetServerName(destination.AddrString())
+	}
+	tlsConfig.SetNextProtos(nextProtos)
+	conn, err := rawDialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkTCP, destination)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	tlsConn, err := tls.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, tlsConfig)
+	if err != nil {
+		conn.Close()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if expectProto != "" && tlsConn.ConnectionState().NegotiatedProtocol != expectProto {
+		tlsConn.Close()
+		return nil, errHTTP2Fallback
+	}
+	return tlsConn, nil
+}
+
+func applyHeaders(request *http.Request, headers http.Header, host string) {
+	for header, values := range headers {
+		request.Header[header] = append([]string(nil), values...)
+	}
+	if host != "" {
+		request.Host = host
+	}
+}
+
+func requestRequiresHTTP1(request *http.Request) bool {
+	return strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(request.Header.Get("Connection")), "upgrade") &&
+		strings.EqualFold(request.Header.Get("Upgrade"), "websocket")
+}
+
+func requestReplayable(request *http.Request) bool {
+	return request.Body == nil || request.Body == http.NoBody || request.GetBody != nil
+}
+
+func cloneRequestForRetry(request *http.Request) *http.Request {
+	cloned := request.Clone(request.Context())
+	if request.Body != nil && request.Body != http.NoBody && request.GetBody != nil {
+		cloned.Body = mustGetBody(request)
+	}
+	return cloned
+}
+
+func mustGetBody(request *http.Request) io.ReadCloser {
+	body, err := request.GetBody()
+	if err != nil {
+		panic(err)
+	}
+	return body
+}
+
+func buildSTDTLSConfig(baseTLSConfig tls.Config, destination M.Socksaddr, nextProtos []string) (*stdTLS.Config, error) {
+	if baseTLSConfig == nil {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	tlsConfig := baseTLSConfig.Clone()
+	if tlsConfig.ServerName() == "" && destination.IsValid() {
+		tlsConfig.SetServerName(destination.AddrString())
+	}
+	tlsConfig.SetNextProtos(nextProtos)
+	return tlsConfig.STDConfig()
+}

common/httpclient/http1_transport.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package httpclient
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+type http1Transport struct {
+	transport *http.Transport
+}
+
+func newHTTP1Transport(rawDialer N.Dialer, baseTLSConfig tls.Config) *http1Transport {
+	transport := &http.Transport{
+		DialContext: func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			return rawDialer.DialContext(ctx, network, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
+		},
+	}
+	if baseTLSConfig != nil {
+		transport.DialTLSContext = func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			return dialTLS(ctx, rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr), []string{"http/1.1"}, "")
+		}
+	}
+	return &http1Transport{transport: transport}
+}
+
+func (t *http1Transport) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return t.transport.RoundTrip(request)
+}
+
+func (t *http1Transport) CloseIdleConnections() {
+	t.transport.CloseIdleConnections()
+}
+
+func (t *http1Transport) Clone() httpTransport {
+	return &http1Transport{transport: t.transport.Clone()}
+}

common/httpclient/http2_config.go

@@ -0,0 +1,42 @@
+package httpclient
+
+import (
+	stdTLS "crypto/tls"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
+)
+
+func CloneHTTP2Transport(transport *http2.Transport) *http2.Transport {
+	return &http2.Transport{
+		ReadIdleTimeout: transport.ReadIdleTimeout,
+		PingTimeout:     transport.PingTimeout,
+		DialTLSContext:  transport.DialTLSContext,
+	}
+}
+
+func ConfigureHTTP2Transport(options option.HTTP2Options) (*http2.Transport, error) {
+	stdTransport := &http.Transport{
+		TLSClientConfig: &stdTLS.Config{},
+		HTTP2: &http.HTTP2Config{
+			MaxReceiveBufferPerStream:     int(options.StreamReceiveWindow.Value()),
+			MaxReceiveBufferPerConnection: int(options.ConnectionReceiveWindow.Value()),
+			MaxConcurrentStreams:          options.MaxConcurrentStreams,
+			SendPingTimeout:               time.Duration(options.KeepAlivePeriod),
+			PingTimeout:                   time.Duration(options.IdleTimeout),
+		},
+	}
+	h2Transport, err := http2.ConfigureTransports(stdTransport)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "configure HTTP/2 transport")
+	}
+	// ConfigureTransports binds ConnPool to the throwaway http.Transport; sever it so DialTLSContext is used directly.
+	h2Transport.ConnPool = nil
+	h2Transport.ReadIdleTimeout = time.Duration(options.KeepAlivePeriod)
+	h2Transport.PingTimeout = time.Duration(options.IdleTimeout)
+	return h2Transport, nil
+}

common/httpclient/http2_fallback_transport.go

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+package httpclient
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	stdTLS "crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"sync/atomic"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
+)
+
+var errHTTP2Fallback = E.New("fallback to HTTP/1.1")
+
+type http2FallbackTransport struct {
+	h2Transport *http2.Transport
+	h1Transport *http1Transport
+	h2Fallback  *atomic.Bool
+}
+
+func newHTTP2FallbackTransport(rawDialer N.Dialer, baseTLSConfig tls.Config, options option.HTTP2Options) (*http2FallbackTransport, error) {
+	h1 := newHTTP1Transport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig)
+	var fallback atomic.Bool
+	h2Transport, err := ConfigureHTTP2Transport(options)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	h2Transport.DialTLSContext = func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string, _ *stdTLS.Config) (net.Conn, error) {
+		conn, dialErr := dialTLS(ctx, rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr), []string{http2.NextProtoTLS, "http/1.1"}, http2.NextProtoTLS)
+		if dialErr != nil {
+			if errors.Is(dialErr, errHTTP2Fallback) {
+				fallback.Store(true)
+			}
+			return nil, dialErr
+		}
+		return conn, nil
+	}
+	return &http2FallbackTransport{
+		h2Transport: h2Transport,
+		h1Transport: h1,
+		h2Fallback:  &fallback,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (t *http2FallbackTransport) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return t.roundTrip(request, true)
+}
+
+func (t *http2FallbackTransport) roundTrip(request *http.Request, allowHTTP1Fallback bool) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if request.URL.Scheme != "https" || requestRequiresHTTP1(request) {
+		return t.h1Transport.RoundTrip(request)
+	}
+	if t.h2Fallback.Load() {
+		if !allowHTTP1Fallback {
+			return nil, errHTTP2Fallback
+		}
+		return t.h1Transport.RoundTrip(request)
+	}
+	response, err := t.h2Transport.RoundTrip(request)
+	if err == nil {
+		return response, nil
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, errHTTP2Fallback) || !allowHTTP1Fallback {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return t.h1Transport.RoundTrip(cloneRequestForRetry(request))
+}
+
+func (t *http2FallbackTransport) CloseIdleConnections() {
+	t.h1Transport.CloseIdleConnections()
+	t.h2Transport.CloseIdleConnections()
+}
+
+func (t *http2FallbackTransport) Clone() httpTransport {
+	return &http2FallbackTransport{
+		h2Transport: CloneHTTP2Transport(t.h2Transport),
+		h1Transport: t.h1Transport.Clone().(*http1Transport),
+		h2Fallback:  t.h2Fallback,
+	}
+}

common/httpclient/http2_transport.go

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package httpclient
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	stdTLS "crypto/tls"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+
+	"golang.org/x/net/http2"
+)
+
+type http2Transport struct {
+	h2Transport *http2.Transport
+	h1Transport *http1Transport
+}
+
+func newHTTP2Transport(rawDialer N.Dialer, baseTLSConfig tls.Config, options option.HTTP2Options) (*http2Transport, error) {
+	h1 := newHTTP1Transport(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig)
+	h2Transport, err := ConfigureHTTP2Transport(options)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	h2Transport.DialTLSContext = func(ctx context.Context, network, addr string, _ *stdTLS.Config) (net.Conn, error) {
+		return dialTLS(ctx, rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr), []string{http2.NextProtoTLS}, http2.NextProtoTLS)
+	}
+	return &http2Transport{
+		h2Transport: h2Transport,
+		h1Transport: h1,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (t *http2Transport) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if request.URL.Scheme != "https" || requestRequiresHTTP1(request) {
+		return t.h1Transport.RoundTrip(request)
+	}
+	return t.h2Transport.RoundTrip(request)
+}
+
+func (t *http2Transport) CloseIdleConnections() {
+	t.h1Transport.CloseIdleConnections()
+	t.h2Transport.CloseIdleConnections()
+}
+
+func (t *http2Transport) Clone() httpTransport {
+	return &http2Transport{
+		h2Transport: CloneHTTP2Transport(t.h2Transport),
+		h1Transport: t.h1Transport.Clone().(*http1Transport),
+	}
+}

common/httpclient/http3_transport.go

@@ -0,0 +1,311 @@
+//go:build with_quic
+
+package httpclient
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	stdTLS "crypto/tls"
+	"errors"
+	"net/http"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/quic-go"
+	"github.com/sagernet/quic-go/http3"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+type http3Transport struct {
+	h3Transport *http3.Transport
+}
+
+type http3FallbackTransport struct {
+	h3Transport   *http3.Transport
+	h2Fallback    httpTransport
+	fallbackDelay time.Duration
+	brokenAccess  sync.Mutex
+	brokenUntil   time.Time
+	brokenBackoff time.Duration
+}
+
+func newHTTP3RoundTripper(
+	rawDialer N.Dialer,
+	baseTLSConfig tls.Config,
+	options option.QUICOptions,
+) *http3.Transport {
+	var handshakeTimeout time.Duration
+	if baseTLSConfig != nil {
+		handshakeTimeout = baseTLSConfig.HandshakeTimeout()
+	}
+	quicConfig := &quic.Config{
+		InitialStreamReceiveWindow:     options.StreamReceiveWindow.Value(),
+		MaxStreamReceiveWindow:         options.StreamReceiveWindow.Value(),
+		InitialConnectionReceiveWindow: options.ConnectionReceiveWindow.Value(),
+		MaxConnectionReceiveWindow:     options.ConnectionReceiveWindow.Value(),
+		KeepAlivePeriod:                time.Duration(options.KeepAlivePeriod),
+		MaxIdleTimeout:                 time.Duration(options.IdleTimeout),
+		DisablePathMTUDiscovery:        options.DisablePathMTUDiscovery,
+	}
+	if options.InitialPacketSize > 0 {
+		quicConfig.InitialPacketSize = uint16(options.InitialPacketSize)
+	}
+	if options.MaxConcurrentStreams > 0 {
+		quicConfig.MaxIncomingStreams = int64(options.MaxConcurrentStreams)
+	}
+	if handshakeTimeout > 0 {
+		quicConfig.HandshakeIdleTimeout = handshakeTimeout
+	}
+	h3Transport := &http3.Transport{
+		TLSClientConfig: &stdTLS.Config{},
+		QUICConfig:      quicConfig,
+		Dial: func(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsConfig *stdTLS.Config, quicConfig *quic.Config) (*quic.Conn, error) {
+			if handshakeTimeout > 0 && quicConfig.HandshakeIdleTimeout == 0 {
+				quicConfig = quicConfig.Clone()
+				quicConfig.HandshakeIdleTimeout = handshakeTimeout
+			}
+			if baseTLSConfig != nil {
+				var err error
+				tlsConfig, err = buildSTDTLSConfig(baseTLSConfig, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr), []string{http3.NextProtoH3})
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, err
+				}
+			} else {
+				tlsConfig = tlsConfig.Clone()
+				tlsConfig.NextProtos = []string{http3.NextProtoH3}
+			}
+			conn, err := rawDialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			quicConn, err := quic.DialEarly(ctx, bufio.NewUnbindPacketConn(conn), conn.RemoteAddr(), tlsConfig, quicConfig)
+			if err != nil {
+				conn.Close()
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return quicConn, nil
+		},
+	}
+	return h3Transport
+}
+
+func newHTTP3Transport(
+	rawDialer N.Dialer,
+	baseTLSConfig tls.Config,
+	options option.QUICOptions,
+) (httpTransport, error) {
+	return &http3Transport{
+		h3Transport: newHTTP3RoundTripper(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, options),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func newHTTP3FallbackTransport(
+	rawDialer N.Dialer,
+	baseTLSConfig tls.Config,
+	h2Fallback httpTransport,
+	options option.QUICOptions,
+	fallbackDelay time.Duration,
+) (httpTransport, error) {
+	return &http3FallbackTransport{
+		h3Transport:   newHTTP3RoundTripper(rawDialer, baseTLSConfig, options),
+		h2Fallback:    h2Fallback,
+		fallbackDelay: fallbackDelay,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func (t *http3Transport) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return t.h3Transport.RoundTrip(request)
+}
+
+func (t *http3Transport) CloseIdleConnections() {
+	t.h3Transport.CloseIdleConnections()
+}
+
+func (t *http3Transport) Close() error {
+	t.CloseIdleConnections()
+	return t.h3Transport.Close()
+}
+
+func (t *http3Transport) Clone() httpTransport {
+	return &http3Transport{
+		h3Transport: t.h3Transport,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *http3FallbackTransport) RoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if request.URL.Scheme != "https" || requestRequiresHTTP1(request) {
+		return t.h2Fallback.RoundTrip(request)
+	}
+	return t.roundTripHTTP3(request)
+}
+
+func (t *http3FallbackTransport) roundTripHTTP3(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if t.h3Broken() {
+		return t.h2FallbackRoundTrip(request)
+	}
+	response, err := t.h3Transport.RoundTripOpt(request, http3.RoundTripOpt{OnlyCachedConn: true})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.clearH3Broken()
+		return response, nil
+	}
+	if !errors.Is(err, http3.ErrNoCachedConn) {
+		t.markH3Broken()
+		return t.h2FallbackRoundTrip(cloneRequestForRetry(request))
+	}
+	if !requestReplayable(request) {
+		response, err = t.h3Transport.RoundTrip(request)
+		if err == nil {
+			t.clearH3Broken()
+			return response, nil
+		}
+		t.markH3Broken()
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return t.roundTripHTTP3Race(request)
+}
+
+func (t *http3FallbackTransport) roundTripHTTP3Race(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(request.Context())
+	defer cancel()
+	type result struct {
+		response *http.Response
+		err      error
+		h3       bool
+	}
+	results := make(chan result, 2)
+	startRoundTrip := func(request *http.Request, useH3 bool) {
+		request = request.WithContext(ctx)
+		var (
+			response *http.Response
+			err      error
+		)
+		if useH3 {
+			response, err = t.h3Transport.RoundTrip(request)
+		} else {
+			response, err = t.h2FallbackRoundTrip(request)
+		}
+		results <- result{response: response, err: err, h3: useH3}
+	}
+	goroutines := 1
+	received := 0
+	drainRemaining := func() {
+		cancel()
+		for range goroutines - received {
+			go func() {
+				loser := <-results
+				if loser.response != nil && loser.response.Body != nil {
+					loser.response.Body.Close()
+				}
+			}()
+		}
+	}
+	go startRoundTrip(cloneRequestForRetry(request), true)
+	timer := time.NewTimer(t.fallbackDelay)
+	defer timer.Stop()
+	var (
+		h3Err       error
+		fallbackErr error
+	)
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-timer.C:
+			if goroutines == 1 {
+				goroutines++
+				go startRoundTrip(cloneRequestForRetry(request), false)
+			}
+		case raceResult := <-results:
+			received++
+			if raceResult.err == nil {
+				if raceResult.h3 {
+					t.clearH3Broken()
+				}
+				drainRemaining()
+				return raceResult.response, nil
+			}
+			if raceResult.h3 {
+				t.markH3Broken()
+				h3Err = raceResult.err
+				if goroutines == 1 {
+					goroutines++
+					if !timer.Stop() {
+						select {
+						case <-timer.C:
+						default:
+						}
+					}
+					go startRoundTrip(cloneRequestForRetry(request), false)
+				}
+			} else {
+				fallbackErr = raceResult.err
+			}
+			if received < goroutines {
+				continue
+			}
+			drainRemaining()
+			switch {
+			case h3Err != nil && fallbackErr != nil:
+				return nil, E.Errors(h3Err, fallbackErr)
+			case fallbackErr != nil:
+				return nil, fallbackErr
+			default:
+				return nil, h3Err
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *http3FallbackTransport) h2FallbackRoundTrip(request *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if fallback, isFallback := t.h2Fallback.(*http2FallbackTransport); isFallback {
+		return fallback.roundTrip(request, true)
+	}
+	return t.h2Fallback.RoundTrip(request)
+}
+
+func (t *http3FallbackTransport) CloseIdleConnections() {
+	t.h3Transport.CloseIdleConnections()
+	t.h2Fallback.CloseIdleConnections()
+}
+
+func (t *http3FallbackTransport) Close() error {
+	t.CloseIdleConnections()
+	return t.h3Transport.Close()
+}
+
+func (t *http3FallbackTransport) Clone() httpTransport {
+	return &http3FallbackTransport{
+		h3Transport:   t.h3Transport,
+		h2Fallback:    t.h2Fallback.Clone(),
+		fallbackDelay: t.fallbackDelay,
+	}
+}
+
+func (t *http3FallbackTransport) h3Broken() bool {
+	t.brokenAccess.Lock()
+	defer t.brokenAccess.Unlock()
+	return !t.brokenUntil.IsZero() && time.Now().Before(t.brokenUntil)
+}
+
+func (t *http3FallbackTransport) clearH3Broken() {
+	t.brokenAccess.Lock()
+	t.brokenUntil = time.Time{}
+	t.brokenBackoff = 0
+	t.brokenAccess.Unlock()
+}
+
+func (t *http3FallbackTransport) markH3Broken() {
+	t.brokenAccess.Lock()
+	defer t.brokenAccess.Unlock()
+	if t.brokenBackoff == 0 {
+		t.brokenBackoff = 5 * time.Minute
+	} else {
+		t.brokenBackoff *= 2
+		if t.brokenBackoff > 48*time.Hour {
+			t.brokenBackoff = 48 * time.Hour
+		}
+	}
+	t.brokenUntil = time.Now().Add(t.brokenBackoff)
+}

common/httpclient/http3_transport_stub.go

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+//go:build !with_quic
+
+package httpclient
+
+import (
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/tls"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func newHTTP3FallbackTransport(
+	rawDialer N.Dialer,
+	baseTLSConfig tls.Config,
+	h2Fallback httpTransport,
+	options option.QUICOptions,
+	fallbackDelay time.Duration,
+) (httpTransport, error) {
+	return nil, E.New("HTTP/3 requires building with the with_quic tag")
+}
+
+func newHTTP3Transport(
+	rawDialer N.Dialer,
+	baseTLSConfig tls.Config,
+	options option.QUICOptions,
+) (httpTransport, error) {
+	return nil, E.New("HTTP/3 requires building with the with_quic tag")
+}

common/httpclient/manager.go

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+package httpclient
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"sync"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+)
+
+var (
+	_ adapter.HTTPClientManager = (*Manager)(nil)
+	_ adapter.LifecycleService  = (*Manager)(nil)
+)
+
+type Manager struct {
+	ctx                      context.Context
+	logger                   log.ContextLogger
+	access                   sync.Mutex
+	defines                  map[string]option.HTTPClient
+	clients                  map[string]*Client
+	defaultTag               string
+	defaultTransport         http.RoundTripper
+	defaultTransportFallback func() (*Client, error)
+	fallbackClient           *Client
+}
+
+func NewManager(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, clients []option.HTTPClient, defaultHTTPClient string) *Manager {
+	defines := make(map[string]option.HTTPClient, len(clients))
+	for _, client := range clients {
+		defines[client.Tag] = client
+	}
+	defaultTag := defaultHTTPClient
+	if defaultTag == "" && len(clients) > 0 {
+		defaultTag = clients[0].Tag
+	}
+	return &Manager{
+		ctx:        ctx,
+		logger:     logger,
+		defines:    defines,
+		clients:    make(map[string]*Client),
+		defaultTag: defaultTag,
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Initialize(defaultTransportFallback func() (*Client, error)) {
+	m.defaultTransportFallback = defaultTransportFallback
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Name() string {
+	return "http-client"
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Start(stage adapter.StartStage) error {
+	if stage != adapter.StartStateStart {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if m.defaultTag != "" {
+		transport, err := m.resolveShared(m.defaultTag)
+		if err != nil {
+			return E.Cause(err, "resolve default http client")
+		}
+		m.defaultTransport = transport
+	} else if m.defaultTransportFallback != nil {
+		client, err := m.defaultTransportFallback()
+		if err != nil {
+			return E.Cause(err, "create default http client")
+		}
+		m.defaultTransport = client
+		m.fallbackClient = client
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) DefaultTransport() http.RoundTripper {
+	return m.defaultTransport
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) ResolveTransport(logger logger.ContextLogger, options option.HTTPClientOptions) (http.RoundTripper, error) {
+	if options.Tag != "" {
+		if options.ResolveOnDetour {
+			define, loaded := m.defines[options.Tag]
+			if !loaded {
+				return nil, E.New("http_client not found: ", options.Tag)
+			}
+			resolvedOptions := define.Options()
+			resolvedOptions.ResolveOnDetour = true
+			return NewClient(m.ctx, logger, options.Tag, resolvedOptions)
+		}
+		return m.resolveShared(options.Tag)
+	}
+	return NewClient(m.ctx, logger, "", options)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) resolveShared(tag string) (http.RoundTripper, error) {
+	m.access.Lock()
+	defer m.access.Unlock()
+	if client, loaded := m.clients[tag]; loaded {
+		return client, nil
+	}
+	define, loaded := m.defines[tag]
+	if !loaded {
+		return nil, E.New("http_client not found: ", tag)
+	}
+	client, err := NewClient(m.ctx, m.logger, tag, define.Options())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "create shared http_client[", tag, "]")
+	}
+	m.clients[tag] = client
+	return client, nil
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) Close() error {
+	m.access.Lock()
+	defer m.access.Unlock()
+	if m.clients == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	var err error
+	for _, client := range m.clients {
+		err = E.Append(err, client.Close(), func(err error) error {
+			return E.Cause(err, "close http client")
+		})
+	}
+	if m.fallbackClient != nil {
+		err = E.Append(err, m.fallbackClient.Close(), func(err error) error {
+			return E.Cause(err, "close default http client")
+		})
+	}
+	m.clients = nil
+	return err
+}

common/ktls/ktls_read.go

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net"
+	"unsafe"
 )
 
 func (c *Conn) Read(b []byte) (int, error) {
@@ -229,7 +230,7 @@ func (c *Conn) readRawRecord() (typ uint8, data []byte, err error) {
 	record := c.rawConn.RawInput.Next(recordHeaderLen + n)
 	data, typ, err = c.rawConn.In.Decrypt(record)
 	if err != nil {
-		err = c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(uint8(err.(tls.AlertError))))
+		err = c.rawConn.In.SetErrorLocked(c.sendAlert(*(*uint8)((*[2]unsafe.Pointer)(unsafe.Pointer(&err))[1])))
 		return
 	}
 	return

common/listener/listener.go

@@ -151,6 +151,7 @@ func ListenNetworkNamespace[T any](nameOrPath string, block func() (T, error)) (
 		if err != nil {
 			return common.DefaultValue[T](), E.Cause(err, "get current netns")
 		}
+		defer currentNs.Close()
 		defer netns.Set(currentNs)
 		var targetNs netns.NsHandle
 		if strings.HasPrefix(nameOrPath, "/") {

common/listener/listener_tcp.go

@@ -37,7 +37,10 @@ func (l *Listener) ListenTCP() (net.Listener, error) {
 	if l.listenOptions.ReuseAddr {
 		listenConfig.Control = control.Append(listenConfig.Control, control.ReuseAddr())
 	}
-	if !l.listenOptions.DisableTCPKeepAlive {
+	if l.listenOptions.DisableTCPKeepAlive {
+		listenConfig.KeepAlive = -1
+		listenConfig.KeepAliveConfig.Enable = false
+	} else {
 		keepIdle := time.Duration(l.listenOptions.TCPKeepAlive)
 		if keepIdle == 0 {
 			keepIdle = C.TCPKeepAliveInitial
@@ -99,8 +102,6 @@ func (l *Listener) loopTCPIn() {
 		}
 		//nolint:staticcheck
 		metadata.InboundDetour = l.listenOptions.Detour
-		//nolint:staticcheck
-		metadata.InboundOptions = l.listenOptions.InboundOptions
 		metadata.Source = M.SocksaddrFromNet(conn.RemoteAddr()).Unwrap()
 		metadata.OriginDestination = M.SocksaddrFromNet(conn.LocalAddr()).Unwrap()
 		ctx := log.ContextWithNewID(l.ctx)

common/networkquality/http.go

@@ -0,0 +1,142 @@
+package networkquality
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	sBufio "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func FormatBitrate(bps int64) string {
+	switch {
+	case bps >= 1_000_000_000:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f Gbps", float64(bps)/1_000_000_000)
+	case bps >= 1_000_000:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f Mbps", float64(bps)/1_000_000)
+	case bps >= 1_000:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%.1f Kbps", float64(bps)/1_000)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%d bps", bps)
+	}
+}
+
+func NewHTTPClient(dialer N.Dialer) *http.Client {
+	transport := &http.Transport{
+		ForceAttemptHTTP2:   true,
+		TLSHandshakeTimeout: C.TCPTimeout,
+	}
+	if dialer != nil {
+		transport.DialContext = func(ctx context.Context, network string, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+			return dialer.DialContext(ctx, network, M.ParseSocksaddr(addr))
+		}
+	}
+	return &http.Client{Transport: transport}
+}
+
+func baseTransportFromClient(client *http.Client) (*http.Transport, error) {
+	if client == nil {
+		return nil, E.New("http client is nil")
+	}
+	if client.Transport == nil {
+		return http.DefaultTransport.(*http.Transport).Clone(), nil
+	}
+	transport, ok := client.Transport.(*http.Transport)
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, E.New("http client transport must be *http.Transport")
+	}
+	return transport.Clone(), nil
+}
+
+func newMeasurementClient(
+	baseClient *http.Client,
+	connectEndpoint string,
+	singleConnection bool,
+	disableKeepAlives bool,
+	readCounters []N.CountFunc,
+	writeCounters []N.CountFunc,
+) (*http.Client, error) {
+	transport, err := baseTransportFromClient(baseClient)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	transport.DisableCompression = true
+	transport.DisableKeepAlives = disableKeepAlives
+	if singleConnection {
+		transport.MaxConnsPerHost = 1
+		transport.MaxIdleConnsPerHost = 1
+		transport.MaxIdleConns = 1
+	}
+
+	baseDialContext := transport.DialContext
+	if baseDialContext == nil {
+		dialer := &net.Dialer{}
+		baseDialContext = dialer.DialContext
+	}
+	transport.DialContext = func(ctx context.Context, network string, addr string) (net.Conn, error) {
+		dialAddr := addr
+		if connectEndpoint != "" {
+			dialAddr = rewriteDialAddress(addr, connectEndpoint)
+		}
+		conn, dialErr := baseDialContext(ctx, network, dialAddr)
+		if dialErr != nil {
+			return nil, dialErr
+		}
+		if len(readCounters) > 0 || len(writeCounters) > 0 {
+			return sBufio.NewCounterConn(conn, readCounters, writeCounters), nil
+		}
+		return conn, nil
+	}
+
+	return &http.Client{
+		Transport:     transport,
+		CheckRedirect: baseClient.CheckRedirect,
+		Jar:           baseClient.Jar,
+		Timeout:       baseClient.Timeout,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+type MeasurementClientFactory func(
+	connectEndpoint string,
+	singleConnection bool,
+	disableKeepAlives bool,
+	readCounters []N.CountFunc,
+	writeCounters []N.CountFunc,
+) (*http.Client, error)
+
+func defaultMeasurementClientFactory(baseClient *http.Client) MeasurementClientFactory {
+	return func(connectEndpoint string, singleConnection, disableKeepAlives bool, readCounters, writeCounters []N.CountFunc) (*http.Client, error) {
+		return newMeasurementClient(baseClient, connectEndpoint, singleConnection, disableKeepAlives, readCounters, writeCounters)
+	}
+}
+
+func NewOptionalHTTP3Factory(dialer N.Dialer, useHTTP3 bool) (MeasurementClientFactory, error) {
+	if !useHTTP3 {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+	return NewHTTP3MeasurementClientFactory(dialer)
+}
+
+func rewriteDialAddress(addr string, connectEndpoint string) string {
+	connectEndpoint = strings.TrimSpace(connectEndpoint)
+	host, port, err := net.SplitHostPort(addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return addr
+	}
+	endpointHost, endpointPort, err := net.SplitHostPort(connectEndpoint)
+	if err == nil {
+		host = endpointHost
+		if endpointPort != "" {
+			port = endpointPort
+		}
+	} else if connectEndpoint != "" {
+		host = connectEndpoint
+	}
+	return net.JoinHostPort(host, port)
+}

common/networkquality/http3.go

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+//go:build with_quic
+
+package networkquality
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/tls"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/quic-go"
+	"github.com/sagernet/quic-go/http3"
+	sBufio "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func NewHTTP3MeasurementClientFactory(dialer N.Dialer) (MeasurementClientFactory, error) {
+	// singleConnection and disableKeepAlives are not applied:
+	// HTTP/3 multiplexes streams over a single QUIC connection by default.
+	return func(connectEndpoint string, _, _ bool, readCounters, writeCounters []N.CountFunc) (*http.Client, error) {
+		transport := &http3.Transport{
+			Dial: func(ctx context.Context, addr string, tlsCfg *tls.Config, cfg *quic.Config) (*quic.Conn, error) {
+				dialAddr := addr
+				if connectEndpoint != "" {
+					dialAddr = rewriteDialAddress(addr, connectEndpoint)
+				}
+				destination := M.ParseSocksaddr(dialAddr)
+				var udpConn net.Conn
+				var dialErr error
+				if dialer != nil {
+					udpConn, dialErr = dialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, destination)
+				} else {
+					var netDialer net.Dialer
+					udpConn, dialErr = netDialer.DialContext(ctx, N.NetworkUDP, destination.String())
+				}
+				if dialErr != nil {
+					return nil, dialErr
+				}
+				wrappedConn := udpConn
+				if len(readCounters) > 0 || len(writeCounters) > 0 {
+					wrappedConn = sBufio.NewCounterConn(udpConn, readCounters, writeCounters)
+				}
+				packetConn := sBufio.NewUnbindPacketConn(wrappedConn)
+				quicConn, dialErr := quic.DialEarly(ctx, packetConn, udpConn.RemoteAddr(), tlsCfg, cfg)
+				if dialErr != nil {
+					udpConn.Close()
+					return nil, dialErr
+				}
+				return quicConn, nil
+			},
+		}
+		return &http.Client{Transport: transport}, nil
+	}, nil
+}

common/networkquality/http3_stub.go

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+//go:build !with_quic
+
+package networkquality
+
+import (
+	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+func NewHTTP3MeasurementClientFactory(dialer N.Dialer) (MeasurementClientFactory, error) {
+	return nil, C.ErrQUICNotIncluded
+}

common/process/searcher.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 
 type Searcher interface {
 	FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error)
+	Close() error
 }
 
 var ErrNotFound = E.New("process not found")
@@ -28,7 +29,7 @@ func FindProcessInfo(searcher Searcher, ctx context.Context, network string, sou
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if info.UserId != -1 {
+	if info.UserId != -1 && info.UserName == "" {
 		osUser, _ := user.LookupId(F.ToString(info.UserId))
 		if osUser != nil {
 			info.UserName = osUser.Username

common/process/searcher_android.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-tun"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 )
 
 var _ Searcher = (*androidSearcher)(nil)
@@ -18,22 +19,30 @@ func NewSearcher(config Config) (Searcher, error) {
 	return &androidSearcher{config.PackageManager}, nil
 }
 
+func (s *androidSearcher) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *androidSearcher) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error) {
-	_, uid, err := resolveSocketByNetlink(network, source, destination)
+	family, protocol, err := socketDiagSettings(network, source)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	if sharedPackage, loaded := s.packageManager.SharedPackageByID(uid % 100000); loaded {
-		return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{
-			UserId:             int32(uid),
-			AndroidPackageName: sharedPackage,
-		}, nil
+	_, uid, err := querySocketDiagOnce(family, protocol, source)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
 	}
-	if packageName, loaded := s.packageManager.PackageByID(uid % 100000); loaded {
-		return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{
-			UserId:             int32(uid),
-			AndroidPackageName: packageName,
-		}, nil
+	appID := uid % 100000
+	var packageNames []string
+	if sharedPackage, loaded := s.packageManager.SharedPackageByID(appID); loaded {
+		packageNames = append(packageNames, sharedPackage)
 	}
-	return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{UserId: int32(uid)}, nil
+	if packages, loaded := s.packageManager.PackagesByID(appID); loaded {
+		packageNames = append(packageNames, packages...)
+	}
+	packageNames = common.Uniq(packageNames)
+	return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{
+		UserId:              int32(uid),
+		AndroidPackageNames: packageNames,
+	}, nil
 }

common/process/searcher_darwin.go

@@ -1,19 +1,15 @@
+//go:build darwin
+
 package process
 
 import (
 	"context"
-	"encoding/binary"
 	"net/netip"
-	"os"
 	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"syscall"
-	"unsafe"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
-	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
-
-	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
 )
 
 var _ Searcher = (*darwinSearcher)(nil)
@@ -24,12 +20,12 @@ func NewSearcher(_ Config) (Searcher, error) {
 	return &darwinSearcher{}, nil
 }
 
+func (d *darwinSearcher) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (d *darwinSearcher) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error) {
-	processName, err := findProcessName(network, source.Addr(), int(source.Port()))
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
-	return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{ProcessPath: processName, UserId: -1}, nil
+	return FindDarwinConnectionOwner(network, source, destination)
 }
 
 var structSize = func() int {
@@ -47,107 +43,3 @@ var structSize = func() int {
 		return 384
 	}
 }()
-
-func findProcessName(network string, ip netip.Addr, port int) (string, error) {
-	var spath string
-	switch network {
-	case N.NetworkTCP:
-		spath = "net.inet.tcp.pcblist_n"
-	case N.NetworkUDP:
-		spath = "net.inet.udp.pcblist_n"
-	default:
-		return "", os.ErrInvalid
-	}
-
-	isIPv4 := ip.Is4()
-
-	value, err := unix.SysctlRaw(spath)
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", err
-	}
-
-	buf := value
-
-	// from darwin-xnu/bsd/netinet/in_pcblist.c:get_pcblist_n
-	// size/offset are round up (aligned) to 8 bytes in darwin
-	// rup8(sizeof(xinpcb_n)) + rup8(sizeof(xsocket_n)) +
-	// 2 * rup8(sizeof(xsockbuf_n)) + rup8(sizeof(xsockstat_n))
-	itemSize := structSize
-	if network == N.NetworkTCP {
-		// rup8(sizeof(xtcpcb_n))
-		itemSize += 208
-	}
-
-	var fallbackUDPProcess string
-	// skip the first xinpgen(24 bytes) block
-	for i := 24; i+itemSize <= len(buf); i += itemSize {
-		// offset of xinpcb_n and xsocket_n
-		inp, so := i, i+104
-
-		srcPort := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(buf[inp+18 : inp+20])
-		if uint16(port) != srcPort {
-			continue
-		}
-
-		// xinpcb_n.inp_vflag
-		flag := buf[inp+44]
-
-		var srcIP netip.Addr
-		srcIsIPv4 := false
-		switch {
-		case flag&0x1 > 0 && isIPv4:
-			// ipv4
-			srcIP = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte(buf[inp+76 : inp+80]))
-			srcIsIPv4 = true
-		case flag&0x2 > 0 && !isIPv4:
-			// ipv6
-			srcIP = netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte(buf[inp+64 : inp+80]))
-		default:
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if ip == srcIP {
-			// xsocket_n.so_last_pid
-			pid := readNativeUint32(buf[so+68 : so+72])
-			return getExecPathFromPID(pid)
-		}
-
-		// udp packet connection may be not equal with srcIP
-		if network == N.NetworkUDP && srcIP.IsUnspecified() && isIPv4 == srcIsIPv4 {
-			pid := readNativeUint32(buf[so+68 : so+72])
-			fallbackUDPProcess, _ = getExecPathFromPID(pid)
-		}
-	}
-
-	if network == N.NetworkUDP && len(fallbackUDPProcess) > 0 {
-		return fallbackUDPProcess, nil
-	}
-
-	return "", ErrNotFound
-}
-
-func getExecPathFromPID(pid uint32) (string, error) {
-	const (
-		procpidpathinfo     = 0xb
-		procpidpathinfosize = 1024
-		proccallnumpidinfo  = 0x2
-	)
-	buf := make([]byte, procpidpathinfosize)
-	_, _, errno := syscall.Syscall6(
-		syscall.SYS_PROC_INFO,
-		proccallnumpidinfo,
-		uintptr(pid),
-		procpidpathinfo,
-		0,
-		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0])),
-		procpidpathinfosize)
-	if errno != 0 {
-		return "", errno
-	}
-
-	return unix.ByteSliceToString(buf), nil
-}
-
-func readNativeUint32(b []byte) uint32 {
-	return *(*uint32)(unsafe.Pointer(&b[0]))
-}

common/process/searcher_darwin_shared.go

@@ -0,0 +1,269 @@
+//go:build darwin
+
+package process
+
+import (
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"sync"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+
+	"golang.org/x/sys/unix"
+)
+
+const (
+	darwinSnapshotTTL = 200 * time.Millisecond
+
+	darwinXinpgenSize        = 24
+	darwinXsocketOffset      = 104
+	darwinXinpcbForeignPort  = 16
+	darwinXinpcbLocalPort    = 18
+	darwinXinpcbVFlag        = 44
+	darwinXinpcbForeignAddr  = 48
+	darwinXinpcbLocalAddr    = 64
+	darwinXinpcbIPv4Addr     = 12
+	darwinXsocketUID         = 64
+	darwinXsocketLastPID     = 68
+	darwinTCPExtraStructSize = 208
+)
+
+type darwinConnectionEntry struct {
+	localAddr  netip.Addr
+	remoteAddr netip.Addr
+	localPort  uint16
+	remotePort uint16
+	pid        uint32
+	uid        int32
+}
+
+type darwinConnectionMatchKind uint8
+
+const (
+	darwinConnectionMatchExact darwinConnectionMatchKind = iota
+	darwinConnectionMatchLocalFallback
+	darwinConnectionMatchWildcardFallback
+)
+
+type darwinSnapshot struct {
+	createdAt time.Time
+	entries   []darwinConnectionEntry
+}
+
+type darwinConnectionFinder struct {
+	access    sync.Mutex
+	ttl       time.Duration
+	snapshots map[string]darwinSnapshot
+	builder   func(string) (darwinSnapshot, error)
+}
+
+var sharedDarwinConnectionFinder = newDarwinConnectionFinder(darwinSnapshotTTL)
+
+func newDarwinConnectionFinder(ttl time.Duration) *darwinConnectionFinder {
+	return &darwinConnectionFinder{
+		ttl:       ttl,
+		snapshots: make(map[string]darwinSnapshot),
+		builder:   buildDarwinSnapshot,
+	}
+}
+
+func FindDarwinConnectionOwner(network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error) {
+	return sharedDarwinConnectionFinder.find(network, source, destination)
+}
+
+func (f *darwinConnectionFinder) find(network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error) {
+	networkName := N.NetworkName(network)
+	source = normalizeDarwinAddrPort(source)
+	destination = normalizeDarwinAddrPort(destination)
+	var lastOwner *adapter.ConnectionOwner
+	for attempt := 0; attempt < 2; attempt++ {
+		snapshot, fromCache, err := f.loadSnapshot(networkName, attempt > 0)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		entry, matchKind, err := matchDarwinConnectionEntry(snapshot.entries, networkName, source, destination)
+		if err != nil {
+			if err == ErrNotFound && fromCache {
+				continue
+			}
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		if fromCache && matchKind != darwinConnectionMatchExact {
+			continue
+		}
+		owner := &adapter.ConnectionOwner{
+			UserId: entry.uid,
+		}
+		lastOwner = owner
+		if entry.pid == 0 {
+			return owner, nil
+		}
+		processPath, err := getExecPathFromPID(entry.pid)
+		if err == nil {
+			owner.ProcessPath = processPath
+			return owner, nil
+		}
+		if fromCache {
+			continue
+		}
+		return owner, nil
+	}
+	if lastOwner != nil {
+		return lastOwner, nil
+	}
+	return nil, ErrNotFound
+}
+
+func (f *darwinConnectionFinder) loadSnapshot(network string, forceRefresh bool) (darwinSnapshot, bool, error) {
+	f.access.Lock()
+	defer f.access.Unlock()
+	if !forceRefresh {
+		if snapshot, loaded := f.snapshots[network]; loaded && time.Since(snapshot.createdAt) < f.ttl {
+			return snapshot, true, nil
+		}
+	}
+	snapshot, err := f.builder(network)
+	if err != nil {
+		return darwinSnapshot{}, false, err
+	}
+	f.snapshots[network] = snapshot
+	return snapshot, false, nil
+}
+
+func buildDarwinSnapshot(network string) (darwinSnapshot, error) {
+	spath, itemSize, err := darwinSnapshotSettings(network)
+	if err != nil {
+		return darwinSnapshot{}, err
+	}
+	value, err := unix.SysctlRaw(spath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return darwinSnapshot{}, err
+	}
+	return darwinSnapshot{
+		createdAt: time.Now(),
+		entries:   parseDarwinSnapshot(value, itemSize),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func darwinSnapshotSettings(network string) (string, int, error) {
+	itemSize := structSize
+	switch network {
+	case N.NetworkTCP:
+		return "net.inet.tcp.pcblist_n", itemSize + darwinTCPExtraStructSize, nil
+	case N.NetworkUDP:
+		return "net.inet.udp.pcblist_n", itemSize, nil
+	default:
+		return "", 0, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+}
+
+func parseDarwinSnapshot(buf []byte, itemSize int) []darwinConnectionEntry {
+	entries := make([]darwinConnectionEntry, 0, (len(buf)-darwinXinpgenSize)/itemSize)
+	for i := darwinXinpgenSize; i+itemSize <= len(buf); i += itemSize {
+		inp := i
+		so := i + darwinXsocketOffset
+		entry, ok := parseDarwinConnectionEntry(buf[inp:so], buf[so:so+structSize-darwinXsocketOffset])
+		if ok {
+			entries = append(entries, entry)
+		}
+	}
+	return entries
+}
+
+func parseDarwinConnectionEntry(inp []byte, so []byte) (darwinConnectionEntry, bool) {
+	if len(inp) < darwinXsocketOffset || len(so) < structSize-darwinXsocketOffset {
+		return darwinConnectionEntry{}, false
+	}
+	entry := darwinConnectionEntry{
+		remotePort: binary.BigEndian.Uint16(inp[darwinXinpcbForeignPort : darwinXinpcbForeignPort+2]),
+		localPort:  binary.BigEndian.Uint16(inp[darwinXinpcbLocalPort : darwinXinpcbLocalPort+2]),
+		pid:        binary.NativeEndian.Uint32(so[darwinXsocketLastPID : darwinXsocketLastPID+4]),
+		uid:        int32(binary.NativeEndian.Uint32(so[darwinXsocketUID : darwinXsocketUID+4])),
+	}
+	flag := inp[darwinXinpcbVFlag]
+	switch {
+	case flag&0x1 != 0:
+		entry.remoteAddr = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte(inp[darwinXinpcbForeignAddr+darwinXinpcbIPv4Addr : darwinXinpcbForeignAddr+darwinXinpcbIPv4Addr+4]))
+		entry.localAddr = netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte(inp[darwinXinpcbLocalAddr+darwinXinpcbIPv4Addr : darwinXinpcbLocalAddr+darwinXinpcbIPv4Addr+4]))
+		return entry, true
+	case flag&0x2 != 0:
+		entry.remoteAddr = netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte(inp[darwinXinpcbForeignAddr : darwinXinpcbForeignAddr+16]))
+		entry.localAddr = netip.AddrFrom16([16]byte(inp[darwinXinpcbLocalAddr : darwinXinpcbLocalAddr+16]))
+		return entry, true
+	default:
+		return darwinConnectionEntry{}, false
+	}
+}
+
+func matchDarwinConnectionEntry(entries []darwinConnectionEntry, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (darwinConnectionEntry, darwinConnectionMatchKind, error) {
+	sourceAddr := source.Addr()
+	if !sourceAddr.IsValid() {
+		return darwinConnectionEntry{}, darwinConnectionMatchExact, os.ErrInvalid
+	}
+	var localFallback darwinConnectionEntry
+	var hasLocalFallback bool
+	var wildcardFallback darwinConnectionEntry
+	var hasWildcardFallback bool
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if entry.localPort != source.Port() || sourceAddr.BitLen() != entry.localAddr.BitLen() {
+			continue
+		}
+		if entry.localAddr == sourceAddr && destination.IsValid() && entry.remotePort == destination.Port() && entry.remoteAddr == destination.Addr() {
+			return entry, darwinConnectionMatchExact, nil
+		}
+		if !destination.IsValid() && entry.localAddr == sourceAddr {
+			return entry, darwinConnectionMatchExact, nil
+		}
+		if network != N.NetworkUDP {
+			continue
+		}
+		if !hasLocalFallback && entry.localAddr == sourceAddr {
+			hasLocalFallback = true
+			localFallback = entry
+		}
+		if !hasWildcardFallback && entry.localAddr.IsUnspecified() {
+			hasWildcardFallback = true
+			wildcardFallback = entry
+		}
+	}
+	if hasLocalFallback {
+		return localFallback, darwinConnectionMatchLocalFallback, nil
+	}
+	if hasWildcardFallback {
+		return wildcardFallback, darwinConnectionMatchWildcardFallback, nil
+	}
+	return darwinConnectionEntry{}, darwinConnectionMatchExact, ErrNotFound
+}
+
+func normalizeDarwinAddrPort(addrPort netip.AddrPort) netip.AddrPort {
+	if !addrPort.IsValid() {
+		return addrPort
+	}
+	return netip.AddrPortFrom(addrPort.Addr().Unmap(), addrPort.Port())
+}
+
+func getExecPathFromPID(pid uint32) (string, error) {
+	const (
+		procpidpathinfo     = 0xb
+		procpidpathinfosize = 1024
+		proccallnumpidinfo  = 0x2
+	)
+	buf := make([]byte, procpidpathinfosize)
+	_, _, errno := syscall.Syscall6(
+		syscall.SYS_PROC_INFO,
+		proccallnumpidinfo,
+		uintptr(pid),
+		procpidpathinfo,
+		0,
+		uintptr(unsafe.Pointer(&buf[0])),
+		procpidpathinfosize)
+	if errno != 0 {
+		return "", errno
+	}
+	return unix.ByteSliceToString(buf), nil
+}

common/process/searcher_linux.go

@@ -4,33 +4,82 @@ package process
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"errors"
 	"net/netip"
+	"syscall"
+	"time"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 )
 
 var _ Searcher = (*linuxSearcher)(nil)
 
 type linuxSearcher struct {
-	logger log.ContextLogger
+	logger           log.ContextLogger
+	diagConns        [4]*socketDiagConn
+	processPathCache *uidProcessPathCache
 }
 
 func NewSearcher(config Config) (Searcher, error) {
-	return &linuxSearcher{config.Logger}, nil
+	searcher := &linuxSearcher{
+		logger:           config.Logger,
+		processPathCache: newUIDProcessPathCache(time.Second),
+	}
+	for _, family := range []uint8{syscall.AF_INET, syscall.AF_INET6} {
+		for _, protocol := range []uint8{syscall.IPPROTO_TCP, syscall.IPPROTO_UDP} {
+			searcher.diagConns[socketDiagConnIndex(family, protocol)] = newSocketDiagConn(family, protocol)
+		}
+	}
+	return searcher, nil
+}
+
+func (s *linuxSearcher) Close() error {
+	var errs []error
+	for _, conn := range s.diagConns {
+		if conn == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		errs = append(errs, conn.Close())
+	}
+	return E.Errors(errs...)
 }
 
 func (s *linuxSearcher) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error) {
-	inode, uid, err := resolveSocketByNetlink(network, source, destination)
+	inode, uid, err := s.resolveSocketByNetlink(network, source, destination)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	processPath, err := resolveProcessNameByProcSearch(inode, uid)
+	processInfo := &adapter.ConnectionOwner{
+		UserId: int32(uid),
+	}
+	processPath, err := s.processPathCache.findProcessPath(inode, uid)
 	if err != nil {
 		s.logger.DebugContext(ctx, "find process path: ", err)
+	} else {
+		processInfo.ProcessPath = processPath
 	}
-	return &adapter.ConnectionOwner{
-		UserId:      int32(uid),
-		ProcessPath: processPath,
-	}, nil
+	return processInfo, nil
+}
+
+func (s *linuxSearcher) resolveSocketByNetlink(network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (inode, uid uint32, err error) {
+	family, protocol, err := socketDiagSettings(network, source)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, err
+	}
+	conn := s.diagConns[socketDiagConnIndex(family, protocol)]
+	if conn == nil {
+		return 0, 0, E.New("missing socket diag connection for family=", family, " protocol=", protocol)
+	}
+	if destination.IsValid() && source.Addr().BitLen() == destination.Addr().BitLen() {
+		inode, uid, err = conn.query(source, destination)
+		if err == nil {
+			return inode, uid, nil
+		}
+		if !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+			return 0, 0, err
+		}
+	}
+	return querySocketDiagOnce(family, protocol, source)
 }

common/process/searcher_linux_shared.go

@@ -3,43 +3,67 @@
 package process
 
 import (
-	"bytes"
 	"encoding/binary"
-	"fmt"
-	"net"
+	"errors"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
-	"path"
+	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"syscall"
+	"time"
 	"unicode"
-	"unsafe"
 
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/buf"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/contrab/freelru"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/contrab/maphash"
 )
 
-// from https://github.com/vishvananda/netlink/blob/bca67dfc8220b44ef582c9da4e9172bf1c9ec973/nl/nl_linux.go#L52-L62
-var nativeEndian = func() binary.ByteOrder {
-	var x uint32 = 0x01020304
-	if *(*byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&x)) == 0x01 {
-		return binary.BigEndian
-	}
-
-	return binary.LittleEndian
-}()
-
 const (
-	sizeOfSocketDiagRequest = syscall.SizeofNlMsghdr + 8 + 48
-	socketDiagByFamily      = 20
-	pathProc                = "/proc"
+	sizeOfSocketDiagRequestData = 56
+	sizeOfSocketDiagRequest     = syscall.SizeofNlMsghdr + sizeOfSocketDiagRequestData
+	socketDiagResponseMinSize   = 72
+	socketDiagByFamily          = 20
+	pathProc                    = "/proc"
 )
 
-func resolveSocketByNetlink(network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (inode, uid uint32, err error) {
-	var family uint8
-	var protocol uint8
+type socketDiagConn struct {
+	access   sync.Mutex
+	family   uint8
+	protocol uint8
+	fd       int
+}
 
+type uidProcessPathCache struct {
+	cache freelru.Cache[uint32, *uidProcessPaths]
+}
+
+type uidProcessPaths struct {
+	entries map[uint32]string
+}
+
+func newSocketDiagConn(family, protocol uint8) *socketDiagConn {
+	return &socketDiagConn{
+		family:   family,
+		protocol: protocol,
+		fd:       -1,
+	}
+}
+
+func socketDiagConnIndex(family, protocol uint8) int {
+	index := 0
+	if protocol == syscall.IPPROTO_UDP {
+		index += 2
+	}
+	if family == syscall.AF_INET6 {
+		index++
+	}
+	return index
+}
+
+func socketDiagSettings(network string, source netip.AddrPort) (family, protocol uint8, err error) {
 	switch network {
 	case N.NetworkTCP:
 		protocol = syscall.IPPROTO_TCP
@@ -48,151 +72,308 @@ func resolveSocketByNetlink(network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination n
 	default:
 		return 0, 0, os.ErrInvalid
 	}
-
-	if source.Addr().Is4() {
+	switch {
+	case source.Addr().Is4():
 		family = syscall.AF_INET
-	} else {
+	case source.Addr().Is6():
 		family = syscall.AF_INET6
+	default:
+		return 0, 0, os.ErrInvalid
 	}
-
-	req := packSocketDiagRequest(family, protocol, source)
-
-	socket, err := syscall.Socket(syscall.AF_NETLINK, syscall.SOCK_DGRAM, syscall.NETLINK_INET_DIAG)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, E.Cause(err, "dial netlink")
-	}
-	defer syscall.Close(socket)
-
-	syscall.SetsockoptTimeval(socket, syscall.SOL_SOCKET, syscall.SO_SNDTIMEO, &syscall.Timeval{Usec: 100})
-	syscall.SetsockoptTimeval(socket, syscall.SOL_SOCKET, syscall.SO_RCVTIMEO, &syscall.Timeval{Usec: 100})
-
-	err = syscall.Connect(socket, &syscall.SockaddrNetlink{
-		Family: syscall.AF_NETLINK,
-		Pad:    0,
-		Pid:    0,
-		Groups: 0,
-	})
-	if err != nil {
-		return
-	}
-
-	_, err = syscall.Write(socket, req)
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, E.Cause(err, "write netlink request")
-	}
-
-	buffer := buf.New()
-	defer buffer.Release()
-
-	n, err := syscall.Read(socket, buffer.FreeBytes())
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, E.Cause(err, "read netlink response")
-	}
-
-	buffer.Truncate(n)
-
-	messages, err := syscall.ParseNetlinkMessage(buffer.Bytes())
-	if err != nil {
-		return 0, 0, E.Cause(err, "parse netlink message")
-	} else if len(messages) == 0 {
-		return 0, 0, E.New("unexcepted netlink response")
-	}
-
-	message := messages[0]
-	if message.Header.Type&syscall.NLMSG_ERROR != 0 {
-		return 0, 0, E.New("netlink message: NLMSG_ERROR")
-	}
-
-	inode, uid = unpackSocketDiagResponse(&messages[0])
-	return
+	return family, protocol, nil
 }
 
-func packSocketDiagRequest(family, protocol byte, source netip.AddrPort) []byte {
-	s := make([]byte, 16)
-	copy(s, source.Addr().AsSlice())
-
-	buf := make([]byte, sizeOfSocketDiagRequest)
-
-	nativeEndian.PutUint32(buf[0:4], sizeOfSocketDiagRequest)
-	nativeEndian.PutUint16(buf[4:6], socketDiagByFamily)
-	nativeEndian.PutUint16(buf[6:8], syscall.NLM_F_REQUEST|syscall.NLM_F_DUMP)
-	nativeEndian.PutUint32(buf[8:12], 0)
-	nativeEndian.PutUint32(buf[12:16], 0)
-
-	buf[16] = family
-	buf[17] = protocol
-	buf[18] = 0
-	buf[19] = 0
-	nativeEndian.PutUint32(buf[20:24], 0xFFFFFFFF)
-
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(buf[24:26], source.Port())
-	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(buf[26:28], 0)
-
-	copy(buf[28:44], s)
-	copy(buf[44:60], net.IPv6zero)
-
-	nativeEndian.PutUint32(buf[60:64], 0)
-	nativeEndian.PutUint64(buf[64:72], 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
-
-	return buf
+func newUIDProcessPathCache(ttl time.Duration) *uidProcessPathCache {
+	cache := common.Must1(freelru.NewSharded[uint32, *uidProcessPaths](64, maphash.NewHasher[uint32]().Hash32))
+	cache.SetLifetime(ttl)
+	return &uidProcessPathCache{cache: cache}
 }
 
-func unpackSocketDiagResponse(msg *syscall.NetlinkMessage) (inode, uid uint32) {
-	if len(msg.Data) < 72 {
-		return 0, 0
+func (c *uidProcessPathCache) findProcessPath(targetInode, uid uint32) (string, error) {
+	if cached, ok := c.cache.Get(uid); ok {
+		if processPath, found := cached.entries[targetInode]; found {
+			return processPath, nil
+		}
 	}
-
-	data := msg.Data
-
-	uid = nativeEndian.Uint32(data[64:68])
-	inode = nativeEndian.Uint32(data[68:72])
-
-	return
-}
-
-func resolveProcessNameByProcSearch(inode, uid uint32) (string, error) {
-	files, err := os.ReadDir(pathProc)
+	processPaths, err := buildProcessPathByUIDCache(uid)
 	if err != nil {
 		return "", err
 	}
+	c.cache.Add(uid, &uidProcessPaths{entries: processPaths})
+	processPath, found := processPaths[targetInode]
+	if !found {
+		return "", E.New("process of uid(", uid, "), inode(", targetInode, ") not found")
+	}
+	return processPath, nil
+}
 
+func (c *socketDiagConn) Close() error {
+	c.access.Lock()
+	defer c.access.Unlock()
+	return c.closeLocked()
+}
+
+func (c *socketDiagConn) query(source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (inode, uid uint32, err error) {
+	c.access.Lock()
+	defer c.access.Unlock()
+	request := packSocketDiagRequest(c.family, c.protocol, source, destination, false)
+	for attempt := 0; attempt < 2; attempt++ {
+		err = c.ensureOpenLocked()
+		if err != nil {
+			return 0, 0, E.Cause(err, "dial netlink")
+		}
+		inode, uid, err = querySocketDiag(c.fd, request)
+		if err == nil || errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound) {
+			return inode, uid, err
+		}
+		if !shouldRetrySocketDiag(err) {
+			return 0, 0, err
+		}
+		_ = c.closeLocked()
+	}
+	return 0, 0, err
+}
+
+func querySocketDiagOnce(family, protocol uint8, source netip.AddrPort) (inode, uid uint32, err error) {
+	fd, err := openSocketDiag()
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, E.Cause(err, "dial netlink")
+	}
+	defer syscall.Close(fd)
+	return querySocketDiag(fd, packSocketDiagRequest(family, protocol, source, netip.AddrPort{}, true))
+}
+
+func (c *socketDiagConn) ensureOpenLocked() error {
+	if c.fd != -1 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	fd, err := openSocketDiag()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	c.fd = fd
+	return nil
+}
+
+func openSocketDiag() (int, error) {
+	fd, err := syscall.Socket(syscall.AF_NETLINK, syscall.SOCK_DGRAM|syscall.SOCK_CLOEXEC, syscall.NETLINK_INET_DIAG)
+	if err != nil {
+		return -1, err
+	}
+	timeout := &syscall.Timeval{Usec: 100}
+	if err = syscall.SetsockoptTimeval(fd, syscall.SOL_SOCKET, syscall.SO_SNDTIMEO, timeout); err != nil {
+		syscall.Close(fd)
+		return -1, err
+	}
+	if err = syscall.SetsockoptTimeval(fd, syscall.SOL_SOCKET, syscall.SO_RCVTIMEO, timeout); err != nil {
+		syscall.Close(fd)
+		return -1, err
+	}
+	if err = syscall.Connect(fd, &syscall.SockaddrNetlink{
+		Family: syscall.AF_NETLINK,
+		Pid:    0,
+		Groups: 0,
+	}); err != nil {
+		syscall.Close(fd)
+		return -1, err
+	}
+	return fd, nil
+}
+
+func (c *socketDiagConn) closeLocked() error {
+	if c.fd == -1 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	err := syscall.Close(c.fd)
+	c.fd = -1
+	return err
+}
+
+func packSocketDiagRequest(family, protocol byte, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort, dump bool) []byte {
+	request := make([]byte, sizeOfSocketDiagRequest)
+
+	binary.NativeEndian.PutUint32(request[0:4], sizeOfSocketDiagRequest)
+	binary.NativeEndian.PutUint16(request[4:6], socketDiagByFamily)
+	flags := uint16(syscall.NLM_F_REQUEST)
+	if dump {
+		flags |= syscall.NLM_F_DUMP
+	}
+	binary.NativeEndian.PutUint16(request[6:8], flags)
+	binary.NativeEndian.PutUint32(request[8:12], 0)
+	binary.NativeEndian.PutUint32(request[12:16], 0)
+
+	request[16] = family
+	request[17] = protocol
+	request[18] = 0
+	request[19] = 0
+	if dump {
+		binary.NativeEndian.PutUint32(request[20:24], 0xFFFFFFFF)
+	}
+	requestSource := source
+	requestDestination := destination
+	if protocol == syscall.IPPROTO_UDP && !dump && destination.IsValid() {
+		// udp_dump_one expects the exact-match endpoints reversed for historical reasons.
+		requestSource, requestDestination = destination, source
+	}
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(request[24:26], requestSource.Port())
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(request[26:28], requestDestination.Port())
+	if family == syscall.AF_INET6 {
+		copy(request[28:44], requestSource.Addr().AsSlice())
+		if requestDestination.IsValid() {
+			copy(request[44:60], requestDestination.Addr().AsSlice())
+		}
+	} else {
+		copy(request[28:32], requestSource.Addr().AsSlice())
+		if requestDestination.IsValid() {
+			copy(request[44:48], requestDestination.Addr().AsSlice())
+		}
+	}
+	binary.NativeEndian.PutUint32(request[60:64], 0)
+	binary.NativeEndian.PutUint64(request[64:72], 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF)
+	return request
+}
+
+func querySocketDiag(fd int, request []byte) (inode, uid uint32, err error) {
+	_, err = syscall.Write(fd, request)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, E.Cause(err, "write netlink request")
+	}
+	buffer := make([]byte, 64<<10)
+	n, err := syscall.Read(fd, buffer)
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, E.Cause(err, "read netlink response")
+	}
+	messages, err := syscall.ParseNetlinkMessage(buffer[:n])
+	if err != nil {
+		return 0, 0, E.Cause(err, "parse netlink message")
+	}
+	return unpackSocketDiagMessages(messages)
+}
+
+func unpackSocketDiagMessages(messages []syscall.NetlinkMessage) (inode, uid uint32, err error) {
+	for _, message := range messages {
+		switch message.Header.Type {
+		case syscall.NLMSG_DONE:
+			continue
+		case syscall.NLMSG_ERROR:
+			err = unpackSocketDiagError(&message)
+			if err != nil {
+				return 0, 0, err
+			}
+		case socketDiagByFamily:
+			inode, uid = unpackSocketDiagResponse(&message)
+			if inode != 0 || uid != 0 {
+				return inode, uid, nil
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	return 0, 0, ErrNotFound
+}
+
+func unpackSocketDiagResponse(msg *syscall.NetlinkMessage) (inode, uid uint32) {
+	if len(msg.Data) < socketDiagResponseMinSize {
+		return 0, 0
+	}
+	uid = binary.NativeEndian.Uint32(msg.Data[64:68])
+	inode = binary.NativeEndian.Uint32(msg.Data[68:72])
+	return inode, uid
+}
+
+func unpackSocketDiagError(msg *syscall.NetlinkMessage) error {
+	if len(msg.Data) < 4 {
+		return E.New("netlink message: NLMSG_ERROR")
+	}
+	errno := int32(binary.NativeEndian.Uint32(msg.Data[:4]))
+	if errno == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if errno < 0 {
+		errno = -errno
+	}
+	sysErr := syscall.Errno(errno)
+	switch sysErr {
+	case syscall.ENOENT, syscall.ESRCH:
+		return ErrNotFound
+	default:
+		return E.New("netlink message: ", sysErr)
+	}
+}
+
+func shouldRetrySocketDiag(err error) bool {
+	return err != nil && !errors.Is(err, ErrNotFound)
+}
+
+func buildProcessPathByUIDCache(uid uint32) (map[uint32]string, error) {
+	files, err := os.ReadDir(pathProc)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
 	buffer := make([]byte, syscall.PathMax)
-	socket := []byte(fmt.Sprintf("socket:[%d]", inode))
-
-	for _, f := range files {
-		if !f.IsDir() || !isPid(f.Name()) {
+	processPaths := make(map[uint32]string)
+	for _, file := range files {
+		if !file.IsDir() || !isPid(file.Name()) {
 			continue
 		}
-
-		info, err := f.Info()
+		info, err := file.Info()
 		if err != nil {
-			return "", err
+			if isIgnorableProcError(err) {
+				continue
+			}
+			return nil, err
 		}
 		if info.Sys().(*syscall.Stat_t).Uid != uid {
 			continue
 		}
-
-		processPath := path.Join(pathProc, f.Name())
-		fdPath := path.Join(processPath, "fd")
-
+		processPath := filepath.Join(pathProc, file.Name())
+		fdPath := filepath.Join(processPath, "fd")
+		exePath, err := os.Readlink(filepath.Join(processPath, "exe"))
+		if err != nil {
+			if isIgnorableProcError(err) {
+				continue
+			}
+			return nil, err
+		}
 		fds, err := os.ReadDir(fdPath)
 		if err != nil {
 			continue
 		}
-
 		for _, fd := range fds {
-			n, err := syscall.Readlink(path.Join(fdPath, fd.Name()), buffer)
+			n, err := syscall.Readlink(filepath.Join(fdPath, fd.Name()), buffer)
 			if err != nil {
 				continue
 			}
-
-			if bytes.Equal(buffer[:n], socket) {
-				return os.Readlink(path.Join(processPath, "exe"))
+			inode, ok := parseSocketInode(buffer[:n])
+			if !ok {
+				continue
+			}
+			if _, loaded := processPaths[inode]; !loaded {
+				processPaths[inode] = exePath
 			}
 		}
 	}
+	return processPaths, nil
+}
 
-	return "", fmt.Errorf("process of uid(%d),inode(%d) not found", uid, inode)
+func isIgnorableProcError(err error) bool {
+	return os.IsNotExist(err) || os.IsPermission(err)
+}
+
+func parseSocketInode(link []byte) (uint32, bool) {
+	const socketPrefix = "socket:["
+	if len(link) <= len(socketPrefix) || string(link[:len(socketPrefix)]) != socketPrefix || link[len(link)-1] != ']' {
+		return 0, false
+	}
+	var inode uint64
+	for _, char := range link[len(socketPrefix) : len(link)-1] {
+		if char < '0' || char > '9' {
+			return 0, false
+		}
+		inode = inode*10 + uint64(char-'0')
+		if inode > uint64(^uint32(0)) {
+			return 0, false
+		}
+	}
+	return uint32(inode), true
 }
 
 func isPid(s string) bool {

common/process/searcher_linux_shared_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+//go:build linux
+
+package process
+
+import (
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"os"
+	"syscall"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+)
+
+func TestQuerySocketDiagUDPExact(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	server, err := net.ListenUDP("udp4", &net.UDPAddr{IP: net.IPv4(127, 0, 0, 1), Port: 0})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	client, err := net.DialUDP("udp4", nil, server.LocalAddr().(*net.UDPAddr))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer client.Close()
+
+	err = client.SetDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Second))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	_, err = client.Write([]byte{0})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	err = server.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(time.Second))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	buffer := make([]byte, 1)
+	_, _, err = server.ReadFromUDP(buffer)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	source := addrPortFromUDPAddr(t, client.LocalAddr())
+	destination := addrPortFromUDPAddr(t, client.RemoteAddr())
+
+	fd, err := openSocketDiag()
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	defer syscall.Close(fd)
+
+	inode, uid, err := querySocketDiag(fd, packSocketDiagRequest(syscall.AF_INET, syscall.IPPROTO_UDP, source, destination, false))
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+	require.NotZero(t, inode)
+	require.EqualValues(t, os.Getuid(), uid)
+}
+
+func addrPortFromUDPAddr(t *testing.T, addr net.Addr) netip.AddrPort {
+	t.Helper()
+
+	udpAddr, ok := addr.(*net.UDPAddr)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+
+	ip, ok := netip.AddrFromSlice(udpAddr.IP)
+	require.True(t, ok)
+
+	return netip.AddrPortFrom(ip.Unmap(), uint16(udpAddr.Port))
+}

common/process/searcher_windows.go

@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ func initWin32API() error {
 	return winiphlpapi.LoadExtendedTable()
 }
 
+func (s *windowsSearcher) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
 func (s *windowsSearcher) FindProcessInfo(ctx context.Context, network string, source netip.AddrPort, destination netip.AddrPort) (*adapter.ConnectionOwner, error) {
 	pid, err := winiphlpapi.FindPid(network, source)
 	if err != nil {

common/srs/binary.go

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import (
 	"encoding/binary"
 	"io"
 	"net/netip"
+	"unsafe"
 
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
@@ -45,6 +46,7 @@ const (
 	ruleItemNetworkIsConstrained
 	ruleItemNetworkInterfaceAddress
 	ruleItemDefaultInterfaceAddress
+	ruleItemPackageNameRegex
 	ruleItemFinal uint8 = 0xFF
 )
 
@@ -214,6 +216,8 @@ func readDefaultRule(reader varbin.Reader, recover bool) (rule option.DefaultHea
 			rule.ProcessPathRegex, err = readRuleItemString(reader)
 		case ruleItemPackageName:
 			rule.PackageName, err = readRuleItemString(reader)
+		case ruleItemPackageNameRegex:
+			rule.PackageNameRegex, err = readRuleItemString(reader)
 		case ruleItemWIFISSID:
 			rule.WIFISSID, err = readRuleItemString(reader)
 		case ruleItemWIFIBSSID:
@@ -393,6 +397,15 @@ func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, gen
 			return err
 		}
 	}
+	if len(rule.PackageNameRegex) > 0 {
+		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion5 {
+			return E.New("`package_name_regex` rule item is only supported in version 5 or later")
+		}
+		err = writeRuleItemString(writer, ruleItemPackageNameRegex, rule.PackageNameRegex)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
 	if len(rule.NetworkType) > 0 {
 		if generateVersion < C.RuleSetVersion3 {
 			return E.New("`network_type` rule item is only supported in version 3 or later")
@@ -505,7 +518,24 @@ func writeDefaultRule(writer varbin.Writer, rule option.DefaultHeadlessRule, gen
 }
 
 func readRuleItemString(reader varbin.Reader) ([]string, error) {
-	return varbin.ReadValue[[]string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	length, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	result := make([]string, length)
+	for i := range result {
+		strLen, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		buf := make([]byte, strLen)
+		_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, buf)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		result[i] = string(buf)
+	}
+	return result, nil
 }
 
 func writeRuleItemString(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []string) error {
@@ -513,11 +543,34 @@ func writeRuleItemString(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []string) e
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+	_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, s := range value {
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(s)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = writer.Write([]byte(s))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 func readRuleItemUint8[E ~uint8](reader varbin.Reader) ([]E, error) {
-	return varbin.ReadValue[[]E](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	length, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	result := make([]E, length)
+	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, *(*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&result)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return result, nil
 }
 
 func writeRuleItemUint8[E ~uint8](writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []E) error {
@@ -525,11 +578,25 @@ func writeRuleItemUint8[E ~uint8](writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+	_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = writer.Write(*(*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&value)))
+	return err
 }
 
 func readRuleItemUint16(reader varbin.Reader) ([]uint16, error) {
-	return varbin.ReadValue[[]uint16](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	length, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	result := make([]uint16, length)
+	err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, result)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return result, nil
 }
 
 func writeRuleItemUint16(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []uint16) error {
@@ -537,7 +604,11 @@ func writeRuleItemUint16(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []uint16) e
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+	_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
 }
 
 func writeRuleItemCIDR(writer varbin.Writer, itemType uint8, value []string) error {

common/srs/compat_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,494 @@
+package srs
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"net/netip"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+	"unsafe"
+
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
+
+	"github.com/stretchr/testify/require"
+	"go4.org/netipx"
+)
+
+// Old implementations using varbin reflection-based serialization
+
+func oldWriteStringSlice(writer varbin.Writer, value []string) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+}
+
+func oldReadStringSlice(reader varbin.Reader) ([]string, error) {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.ReadValue[[]string](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+}
+
+func oldWriteUint8Slice[E ~uint8](writer varbin.Writer, value []E) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+}
+
+func oldReadUint8Slice[E ~uint8](reader varbin.Reader) ([]E, error) {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.ReadValue[[]E](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+}
+
+func oldWriteUint16Slice(writer varbin.Writer, value []uint16) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+}
+
+func oldReadUint16Slice(reader varbin.Reader) ([]uint16, error) {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	return varbin.ReadValue[[]uint16](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+}
+
+func oldWritePrefix(writer varbin.Writer, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	err := varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, prefix.Addr().AsSlice())
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(prefix.Bits()))
+}
+
+type oldIPRangeData struct {
+	From []byte
+	To   []byte
+}
+
+// Note: The old writeIPSet had a bug where varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, data)
+// with a struct VALUE (not pointer) silently wrote nothing because field.CanSet() returned false.
+// This caused IP range data to be missing from the output.
+// The new implementation correctly writes all range data.
+//
+// The old readIPSet used varbin.Read with a pre-allocated slice, which worked because
+// slice elements are addressable and CanSet() returns true for them.
+//
+// For compatibility testing, we verify:
+// 1. New write produces correct output with range data
+// 2. New read can parse the new format correctly
+// 3. Round-trip works correctly
+
+func oldReadIPSet(reader varbin.Reader) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
+	version, err := reader.ReadByte()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	if version != 1 {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	var length uint64
+	err = binary.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &length)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	ranges := make([]oldIPRangeData, length)
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	err = varbin.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &ranges)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	mySet := &myIPSet{
+		rr: make([]myIPRange, len(ranges)),
+	}
+	for i, rangeData := range ranges {
+		mySet.rr[i].from = M.AddrFromIP(rangeData.From)
+		mySet.rr[i].to = M.AddrFromIP(rangeData.To)
+	}
+	return (*netipx.IPSet)(unsafe.Pointer(mySet)), nil
+}
+
+// New write functions (without itemType prefix for testing)
+
+func newWriteStringSlice(writer varbin.Writer, value []string) error {
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	for _, s := range value {
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(s)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = writer.Write([]byte(s))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func newWriteUint8Slice[E ~uint8](writer varbin.Writer, value []E) error {
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = writer.Write(*(*[]byte)(unsafe.Pointer(&value)))
+	return err
+}
+
+func newWriteUint16Slice(writer varbin.Writer, value []uint16) error {
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(value)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, value)
+}
+
+func newWritePrefix(writer varbin.Writer, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
+	addrSlice := prefix.Addr().AsSlice()
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(addrSlice)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	_, err = writer.Write(addrSlice)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	return writer.WriteByte(uint8(prefix.Bits()))
+}
+
+// Tests
+
+func TestStringSliceCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input []string
+	}{
+		{"nil", nil},
+		{"empty", []string{}},
+		{"single_empty", []string{""}},
+		{"single", []string{"test"}},
+		{"multi", []string{"a", "b", "c"}},
+		{"with_empty", []string{"a", "", "c"}},
+		{"utf8", []string{"测试", "テスト", "тест"}},
+		{"long_string", []string{strings.Repeat("x", 128)}},
+		{"many_elements", generateStrings(128)},
+		{"many_elements_256", generateStrings(256)},
+		{"127_byte_string", []string{strings.Repeat("x", 127)}},
+		{"128_byte_string", []string{strings.Repeat("x", 128)}},
+		{"mixed_lengths", []string{"a", strings.Repeat("b", 100), "", strings.Repeat("c", 200)}},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Old write
+			var oldBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := oldWriteStringSlice(&oldBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err = newWriteStringSlice(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Bytes must match
+			require.Equal(t, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes(),
+				"mismatch for %q\nold: %x\nnew: %x", tc.name, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes())
+
+			// New write -> old read
+			readBack, err := oldReadStringSlice(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireStringSliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// Old write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readRuleItemString(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(oldBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireStringSliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUint8SliceCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input []uint8
+	}{
+		{"nil", nil},
+		{"empty", []uint8{}},
+		{"single_zero", []uint8{0}},
+		{"single_max", []uint8{255}},
+		{"multi", []uint8{0, 1, 127, 128, 255}},
+		{"boundary", []uint8{0x00, 0x7f, 0x80, 0xff}},
+		{"sequential", generateUint8Slice(256)},
+		{"127_elements", generateUint8Slice(127)},
+		{"128_elements", generateUint8Slice(128)},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Old write
+			var oldBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := oldWriteUint8Slice(&oldBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err = newWriteUint8Slice(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Bytes must match
+			require.Equal(t, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes(),
+				"mismatch for %q\nold: %x\nnew: %x", tc.name, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes())
+
+			// New write -> old read
+			readBack, err := oldReadUint8Slice[uint8](bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireUint8SliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// Old write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readRuleItemUint8[uint8](bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(oldBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireUint8SliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUint16SliceCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input []uint16
+	}{
+		{"nil", nil},
+		{"empty", []uint16{}},
+		{"single_zero", []uint16{0}},
+		{"single_max", []uint16{65535}},
+		{"multi", []uint16{0, 255, 256, 32767, 32768, 65535}},
+		{"ports", []uint16{80, 443, 8080, 8443}},
+		{"127_elements", generateUint16Slice(127)},
+		{"128_elements", generateUint16Slice(128)},
+		{"256_elements", generateUint16Slice(256)},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Old write
+			var oldBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := oldWriteUint16Slice(&oldBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err = newWriteUint16Slice(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Bytes must match
+			require.Equal(t, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes(),
+				"mismatch for %q\nold: %x\nnew: %x", tc.name, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes())
+
+			// New write -> old read
+			readBack, err := oldReadUint16Slice(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireUint16SliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// Old write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readRuleItemUint16(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(oldBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireUint16SliceEqual(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestPrefixCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input netip.Prefix
+	}{
+		{"ipv4_0", netip.MustParsePrefix("0.0.0.0/0")},
+		{"ipv4_8", netip.MustParsePrefix("10.0.0.0/8")},
+		{"ipv4_16", netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.0.0/16")},
+		{"ipv4_24", netip.MustParsePrefix("192.168.1.0/24")},
+		{"ipv4_32", netip.MustParsePrefix("1.2.3.4/32")},
+		{"ipv6_0", netip.MustParsePrefix("::/0")},
+		{"ipv6_64", netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:db8::/64")},
+		{"ipv6_128", netip.MustParsePrefix("::1/128")},
+		{"ipv6_full", netip.MustParsePrefix("2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334/128")},
+		{"ipv4_private", netip.MustParsePrefix("172.16.0.0/12")},
+		{"ipv6_link_local", netip.MustParsePrefix("fe80::/10")},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// Old write
+			var oldBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := oldWritePrefix(&oldBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err = newWritePrefix(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Bytes must match
+			require.Equal(t, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes(),
+				"mismatch for %q\nold: %x\nnew: %x", tc.name, oldBuf.Bytes(), newBuf.Bytes())
+
+			// New write -> new read (no old read for prefix)
+			readBack, err := readPrefix(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// Old write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readPrefix(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(oldBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			require.Equal(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIPSetCompat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	// Note: The old writeIPSet was buggy (varbin.Write with struct values wrote nothing).
+	// This test verifies the new implementation writes correct data and round-trips correctly.
+
+	cases := []struct {
+		name  string
+		input *netipx.IPSet
+	}{
+		{"single_ipv4", buildIPSet("1.2.3.4")},
+		{"ipv4_range", buildIPSet("192.168.0.0/16")},
+		{"multi_ipv4", buildIPSet("10.0.0.0/8", "172.16.0.0/12", "192.168.0.0/16")},
+		{"single_ipv6", buildIPSet("::1")},
+		{"ipv6_range", buildIPSet("2001:db8::/32")},
+		{"mixed", buildIPSet("10.0.0.0/8", "::1", "2001:db8::/32")},
+		{"large", buildLargeIPSet(100)},
+		{"adjacent_ranges", buildIPSet("192.168.0.0/24", "192.168.1.0/24", "192.168.2.0/24")},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range cases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			t.Parallel()
+
+			// New write
+			var newBuf bytes.Buffer
+			err := writeIPSet(&newBuf, tc.input)
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+
+			// Verify format starts with version byte (1) + uint64 count
+			require.True(t, len(newBuf.Bytes()) >= 9, "output too short")
+			require.Equal(t, byte(1), newBuf.Bytes()[0], "version byte mismatch")
+
+			// New write -> old read (varbin.Read with pre-allocated slice works correctly)
+			readBack, err := oldReadIPSet(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireIPSetEqual(t, tc.input, readBack)
+
+			// New write -> new read
+			readBack2, err := readIPSet(bufio.NewReader(bytes.NewReader(newBuf.Bytes())))
+			require.NoError(t, err)
+			requireIPSetEqual(t, tc.input, readBack2)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// Helper functions
+
+func generateStrings(count int) []string {
+	result := make([]string, count)
+	for i := range result {
+		result[i] = strings.Repeat("x", i%50)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func generateUint8Slice(count int) []uint8 {
+	result := make([]uint8, count)
+	for i := range result {
+		result[i] = uint8(i % 256)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func generateUint16Slice(count int) []uint16 {
+	result := make([]uint16, count)
+	for i := range result {
+		result[i] = uint16(i * 257)
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+func buildIPSet(cidrs ...string) *netipx.IPSet {
+	var builder netipx.IPSetBuilder
+	for _, cidr := range cidrs {
+		prefix, err := netip.ParsePrefix(cidr)
+		if err != nil {
+			addr, err := netip.ParseAddr(cidr)
+			if err != nil {
+				panic(err)
+			}
+			builder.Add(addr)
+		} else {
+			builder.AddPrefix(prefix)
+		}
+	}
+	set, _ := builder.IPSet()
+	return set
+}
+
+func buildLargeIPSet(count int) *netipx.IPSet {
+	var builder netipx.IPSetBuilder
+	for i := 0; i < count; i++ {
+		prefix := netip.PrefixFrom(netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{10, byte(i / 256), byte(i % 256), 0}), 24)
+		builder.AddPrefix(prefix)
+	}
+	set, _ := builder.IPSet()
+	return set
+}
+
+func requireStringSliceEqual(t *testing.T, expected, actual []string) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(expected) == 0 && len(actual) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, expected, actual)
+}
+
+func requireUint8SliceEqual(t *testing.T, expected, actual []uint8) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(expected) == 0 && len(actual) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, expected, actual)
+}
+
+func requireUint16SliceEqual(t *testing.T, expected, actual []uint16) {
+	t.Helper()
+	if len(expected) == 0 && len(actual) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+	require.Equal(t, expected, actual)
+}
+
+func requireIPSetEqual(t *testing.T, expected, actual *netipx.IPSet) {
+	t.Helper()
+	expectedRanges := expected.Ranges()
+	actualRanges := actual.Ranges()
+	require.Equal(t, len(expectedRanges), len(actualRanges), "range count mismatch")
+	for i := range expectedRanges {
+		require.Equal(t, expectedRanges[i].From(), actualRanges[i].From(), "range[%d].from mismatch", i)
+		require.Equal(t, expectedRanges[i].To(), actualRanges[i].To(), "range[%d].to mismatch", i)
+	}
+}

common/srs/ip_cidr.go

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ package srs
 
 import (
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
 	"net/netip"
 
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
@@ -9,11 +10,16 @@ import (
 )
 
 func readPrefix(reader varbin.Reader) (netip.Prefix, error) {
-	addrSlice, err := varbin.ReadValue[[]byte](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	addrLen, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
 	if err != nil {
 		return netip.Prefix{}, err
 	}
-	prefixBits, err := varbin.ReadValue[uint8](reader, binary.BigEndian)
+	addrSlice := make([]byte, addrLen)
+	_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, addrSlice)
+	if err != nil {
+		return netip.Prefix{}, err
+	}
+	prefixBits, err := reader.ReadByte()
 	if err != nil {
 		return netip.Prefix{}, err
 	}
@@ -21,11 +27,16 @@ func readPrefix(reader varbin.Reader) (netip.Prefix, error) {
 }
 
 func writePrefix(writer varbin.Writer, prefix netip.Prefix) error {
-	err := varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, prefix.Addr().AsSlice())
+	addrSlice := prefix.Addr().AsSlice()
+	_, err := varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(addrSlice)))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint8(prefix.Bits()))
+	_, err = writer.Write(addrSlice)
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+	err = writer.WriteByte(uint8(prefix.Bits()))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}

common/srs/ip_set.go

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ package srs
 
 import (
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"io"
 	"net/netip"
 	"os"
 	"unsafe"
 
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/varbin"
 
@@ -22,11 +22,6 @@ type myIPRange struct {
 	to   netip.Addr
 }
 
-type myIPRangeData struct {
-	From []byte
-	To   []byte
-}
-
 func readIPSet(reader varbin.Reader) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
 	version, err := reader.ReadByte()
 	if err != nil {
@@ -41,17 +36,30 @@ func readIPSet(reader varbin.Reader) (*netipx.IPSet, error) {
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	ranges := make([]myIPRangeData, length)
-	err = varbin.Read(reader, binary.BigEndian, &ranges)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, err
-	}
 	mySet := &myIPSet{
-		rr: make([]myIPRange, len(ranges)),
+		rr: make([]myIPRange, length),
 	}
-	for i, rangeData := range ranges {
-		mySet.rr[i].from = M.AddrFromIP(rangeData.From)
-		mySet.rr[i].to = M.AddrFromIP(rangeData.To)
+	for i := range mySet.rr {
+		fromLen, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		fromBytes := make([]byte, fromLen)
+		_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, fromBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		toLen, err := binary.ReadUvarint(reader)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		toBytes := make([]byte, toLen)
+		_, err = io.ReadFull(reader, toBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		mySet.rr[i].from = M.AddrFromIP(fromBytes)
+		mySet.rr[i].to = M.AddrFromIP(toBytes)
 	}
 	return (*netipx.IPSet)(unsafe.Pointer(mySet)), nil
 }
@@ -61,18 +69,27 @@ func writeIPSet(writer varbin.Writer, set *netipx.IPSet) error {
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	dataList := common.Map((*myIPSet)(unsafe.Pointer(set)).rr, func(rr myIPRange) myIPRangeData {
-		return myIPRangeData{
-			From: rr.from.AsSlice(),
-			To:   rr.to.AsSlice(),
-		}
-	})
-	err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint64(len(dataList)))
+	mySet := (*myIPSet)(unsafe.Pointer(set))
+	err = binary.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, uint64(len(mySet.rr)))
 	if err != nil {
 		return err
 	}
-	for _, data := range dataList {
-		err = varbin.Write(writer, binary.BigEndian, data)
+	for _, rr := range mySet.rr {
+		fromBytes := rr.from.AsSlice()
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(fromBytes)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = writer.Write(fromBytes)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		toBytes := rr.to.AsSlice()
+		_, err = varbin.WriteUvarint(writer, uint64(len(toBytes)))
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+		_, err = writer.Write(toBytes)
 		if err != nil {
 			return err
 		}

common/stun/stun.go

@@ -0,0 +1,612 @@
+package stun
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"fmt"
+	"net"
+	"net/netip"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/bufio/deadline"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
+	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
+	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
+)
+
+const (
+	DefaultServer = "stun.voipgate.com:3478"
+
+	magicCookie = 0x2112A442
+	headerSize  = 20
+
+	bindingRequest         = 0x0001
+	bindingSuccessResponse = 0x0101
+	bindingErrorResponse   = 0x0111
+
+	attrMappedAddress    = 0x0001
+	attrChangeRequest    = 0x0003
+	attrErrorCode        = 0x0009
+	attrXORMappedAddress = 0x0020
+	attrOtherAddress     = 0x802c
+
+	familyIPv4 = 0x01
+	familyIPv6 = 0x02
+
+	changeIP   = 0x04
+	changePort = 0x02
+
+	defaultRTO    = 500 * time.Millisecond
+	minRTO        = 250 * time.Millisecond
+	maxRetransmit = 2
+)
+
+type Phase int32
+
+const (
+	PhaseBinding Phase = iota
+	PhaseNATMapping
+	PhaseNATFiltering
+	PhaseDone
+)
+
+type NATMapping int32
+
+const (
+	NATMappingUnknown NATMapping = iota
+	_                            // reserved
+	NATMappingEndpointIndependent
+	NATMappingAddressDependent
+	NATMappingAddressAndPortDependent
+)
+
+func (m NATMapping) String() string {
+	switch m {
+	case NATMappingEndpointIndependent:
+		return "Endpoint Independent"
+	case NATMappingAddressDependent:
+		return "Address Dependent"
+	case NATMappingAddressAndPortDependent:
+		return "Address and Port Dependent"
+	default:
+		return "Unknown"
+	}
+}
+
+type NATFiltering int32
+
+const (
+	NATFilteringUnknown NATFiltering = iota
+	NATFilteringEndpointIndependent
+	NATFilteringAddressDependent
+	NATFilteringAddressAndPortDependent
+)
+
+func (f NATFiltering) String() string {
+	switch f {
+	case NATFilteringEndpointIndependent:
+		return "Endpoint Independent"
+	case NATFilteringAddressDependent:
+		return "Address Dependent"
+	case NATFilteringAddressAndPortDependent:
+		return "Address and Port Dependent"
+	default:
+		return "Unknown"
+	}
+}
+
+type TransactionID [12]byte
+
+type Options struct {
+	Server     string
+	Dialer     N.Dialer
+	Context    context.Context
+	OnProgress func(Progress)
+}
+
+type Progress struct {
+	Phase        Phase
+	ExternalAddr string
+	LatencyMs    int32
+	NATMapping   NATMapping
+	NATFiltering NATFiltering
+}
+
+type Result struct {
+	ExternalAddr     string
+	LatencyMs        int32
+	NATMapping       NATMapping
+	NATFiltering     NATFiltering
+	NATTypeSupported bool
+}
+
+type parsedResponse struct {
+	xorMappedAddr netip.AddrPort
+	mappedAddr    netip.AddrPort
+	otherAddr     netip.AddrPort
+}
+
+func (r *parsedResponse) externalAddr() (netip.AddrPort, bool) {
+	if r.xorMappedAddr.IsValid() {
+		return r.xorMappedAddr, true
+	}
+	if r.mappedAddr.IsValid() {
+		return r.mappedAddr, true
+	}
+	return netip.AddrPort{}, false
+}
+
+type stunAttribute struct {
+	typ   uint16
+	value []byte
+}
+
+func newTransactionID() TransactionID {
+	var id TransactionID
+	_, _ = rand.Read(id[:])
+	return id
+}
+
+func buildBindingRequest(txID TransactionID, attrs ...stunAttribute) []byte {
+	attrLen := 0
+	for _, attr := range attrs {
+		attrLen += 4 + len(attr.value) + paddingLen(len(attr.value))
+	}
+
+	buf := make([]byte, headerSize+attrLen)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(buf[0:2], bindingRequest)
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(buf[2:4], uint16(attrLen))
+	binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(buf[4:8], magicCookie)
+	copy(buf[8:20], txID[:])
+
+	offset := headerSize
+	for _, attr := range attrs {
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(buf[offset:offset+2], attr.typ)
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint16(buf[offset+2:offset+4], uint16(len(attr.value)))
+		copy(buf[offset+4:offset+4+len(attr.value)], attr.value)
+		offset += 4 + len(attr.value) + paddingLen(len(attr.value))
+	}
+
+	return buf
+}
+
+func changeRequestAttr(flags byte) stunAttribute {
+	return stunAttribute{
+		typ:   attrChangeRequest,
+		value: []byte{0, 0, 0, flags},
+	}
+}
+
+func parseResponse(data []byte, expectedTxID TransactionID) (*parsedResponse, error) {
+	if len(data) < headerSize {
+		return nil, E.New("response too short")
+	}
+
+	msgType := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[0:2])
+	if msgType&0xC000 != 0 {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid STUN message: top 2 bits not zero")
+	}
+
+	cookie := binary.BigEndian.Uint32(data[4:8])
+	if cookie != magicCookie {
+		return nil, E.New("invalid magic cookie")
+	}
+
+	var txID TransactionID
+	copy(txID[:], data[8:20])
+	if txID != expectedTxID {
+		return nil, E.New("transaction ID mismatch")
+	}
+
+	msgLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[2:4]))
+	if msgLen > len(data)-headerSize {
+		return nil, E.New("message length exceeds data")
+	}
+
+	attrData := data[headerSize : headerSize+msgLen]
+
+	if msgType == bindingErrorResponse {
+		return nil, parseErrorResponse(attrData)
+	}
+	if msgType != bindingSuccessResponse {
+		return nil, E.New("unexpected message type: ", fmt.Sprintf("0x%04x", msgType))
+	}
+
+	resp := &parsedResponse{}
+	offset := 0
+	for offset+4 <= len(attrData) {
+		attrType := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(attrData[offset : offset+2])
+		attrLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(attrData[offset+2 : offset+4]))
+		if offset+4+attrLen > len(attrData) {
+			break
+		}
+		attrValue := attrData[offset+4 : offset+4+attrLen]
+
+		switch attrType {
+		case attrXORMappedAddress:
+			addr, err := parseXORMappedAddress(attrValue, txID)
+			if err == nil {
+				resp.xorMappedAddr = addr
+			}
+		case attrMappedAddress:
+			addr, err := parseMappedAddress(attrValue)
+			if err == nil {
+				resp.mappedAddr = addr
+			}
+		case attrOtherAddress:
+			addr, err := parseMappedAddress(attrValue)
+			if err == nil {
+				resp.otherAddr = addr
+			}
+		}
+
+		offset += 4 + attrLen + paddingLen(attrLen)
+	}
+
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+func parseErrorResponse(data []byte) error {
+	offset := 0
+	for offset+4 <= len(data) {
+		attrType := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[offset : offset+2])
+		attrLen := int(binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[offset+2 : offset+4]))
+		if offset+4+attrLen > len(data) {
+			break
+		}
+		if attrType == attrErrorCode && attrLen >= 4 {
+			attrValue := data[offset+4 : offset+4+attrLen]
+			class := int(attrValue[2] & 0x07)
+			number := int(attrValue[3])
+			code := class*100 + number
+			if attrLen > 4 {
+				return E.New("STUN error ", code, ": ", string(attrValue[4:]))
+			}
+			return E.New("STUN error ", code)
+		}
+		offset += 4 + attrLen + paddingLen(attrLen)
+	}
+	return E.New("STUN error response")
+}
+
+func parseXORMappedAddress(data []byte, txID TransactionID) (netip.AddrPort, error) {
+	if len(data) < 4 {
+		return netip.AddrPort{}, E.New("XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS too short")
+	}
+
+	family := data[1]
+	xPort := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[2:4])
+	port := xPort ^ uint16(magicCookie>>16)
+
+	switch family {
+	case familyIPv4:
+		if len(data) < 8 {
+			return netip.AddrPort{}, E.New("XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS IPv4 too short")
+		}
+		var ip [4]byte
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(ip[:], binary.BigEndian.Uint32(data[4:8])^magicCookie)
+		return netip.AddrPortFrom(netip.AddrFrom4(ip), port), nil
+	case familyIPv6:
+		if len(data) < 20 {
+			return netip.AddrPort{}, E.New("XOR-MAPPED-ADDRESS IPv6 too short")
+		}
+		var ip [16]byte
+		var xorKey [16]byte
+		binary.BigEndian.PutUint32(xorKey[0:4], magicCookie)
+		copy(xorKey[4:16], txID[:])
+		for i := range 16 {
+			ip[i] = data[4+i] ^ xorKey[i]
+		}
+		return netip.AddrPortFrom(netip.AddrFrom16(ip), port), nil
+	default:
+		return netip.AddrPort{}, E.New("unknown address family: ", family)
+	}
+}
+
+func parseMappedAddress(data []byte) (netip.AddrPort, error) {
+	if len(data) < 4 {
+		return netip.AddrPort{}, E.New("MAPPED-ADDRESS too short")
+	}
+
+	family := data[1]
+	port := binary.BigEndian.Uint16(data[2:4])
+
+	switch family {
+	case familyIPv4:
+		if len(data) < 8 {
+			return netip.AddrPort{}, E.New("MAPPED-ADDRESS IPv4 too short")
+		}
+		return netip.AddrPortFrom(
+			netip.AddrFrom4([4]byte{data[4], data[5], data[6], data[7]}), port,
+		), nil
+	case familyIPv6:
+		if len(data) < 20 {
+			return netip.AddrPort{}, E.New("MAPPED-ADDRESS IPv6 too short")
+		}
+		var ip [16]byte
+		copy(ip[:], data[4:20])
+		return netip.AddrPortFrom(netip.AddrFrom16(ip), port), nil
+	default:
+		return netip.AddrPort{}, E.New("unknown address family: ", family)
+	}
+}
+
+func roundTrip(conn net.PacketConn, addr net.Addr, txID TransactionID, attrs []stunAttribute, rto time.Duration) (*parsedResponse, time.Duration, error) {
+	request := buildBindingRequest(txID, attrs...)
+	currentRTO := rto
+	retransmitCount := 0
+
+	sendTime := time.Now()
+	_, err := conn.WriteTo(request, addr)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, 0, E.Cause(err, "send STUN request")
+	}
+
+	buf := make([]byte, 1024)
+	for {
+		err = conn.SetReadDeadline(sendTime.Add(currentRTO))
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, 0, E.Cause(err, "set read deadline")
+		}
+
+		n, _, readErr := conn.ReadFrom(buf)
+		if readErr != nil {
+			if E.IsTimeout(readErr) && retransmitCount < maxRetransmit {
+				retransmitCount++
+				currentRTO *= 2
+				sendTime = time.Now()
+				_, err = conn.WriteTo(request, addr)
+				if err != nil {
+					return nil, 0, E.Cause(err, "retransmit STUN request")
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+			return nil, 0, E.Cause(readErr, "read STUN response")
+		}
+
+		if n < headerSize || buf[0]&0xC0 != 0 ||
+			binary.BigEndian.Uint32(buf[4:8]) != magicCookie {
+			continue
+		}
+		var receivedTxID TransactionID
+		copy(receivedTxID[:], buf[8:20])
+		if receivedTxID != txID {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		latency := time.Since(sendTime)
+
+		resp, parseErr := parseResponse(buf[:n], txID)
+		if parseErr != nil {
+			return nil, 0, parseErr
+		}
+
+		return resp, latency, nil
+	}
+}
+
+func Run(options Options) (*Result, error) {
+	ctx := options.Context
+	if ctx == nil {
+		ctx = context.Background()
+	}
+
+	server := options.Server
+	if server == "" {
+		server = DefaultServer
+	}
+	serverSocksaddr := M.ParseSocksaddr(server)
+	if serverSocksaddr.Port == 0 {
+		serverSocksaddr.Port = 3478
+	}
+
+	reportProgress := options.OnProgress
+	if reportProgress == nil {
+		reportProgress = func(Progress) {}
+	}
+
+	var (
+		packetConn net.PacketConn
+		serverAddr net.Addr
+		err        error
+	)
+
+	if options.Dialer != nil {
+		packetConn, err = options.Dialer.ListenPacket(ctx, serverSocksaddr)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "create UDP socket")
+		}
+		serverAddr = serverSocksaddr
+	} else {
+		serverUDPAddr, resolveErr := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", serverSocksaddr.String())
+		if resolveErr != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(resolveErr, "resolve STUN server")
+		}
+		packetConn, err = net.ListenPacket("udp", "")
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, E.Cause(err, "create UDP socket")
+		}
+		serverAddr = serverUDPAddr
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		_ = packetConn.Close()
+	}()
+	if deadline.NeedAdditionalReadDeadline(packetConn) {
+		packetConn = deadline.NewPacketConn(bufio.NewPacketConn(packetConn))
+	}
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return nil, ctx.Err()
+	default:
+	}
+
+	rto := defaultRTO
+
+	// Phase 1: Binding
+	reportProgress(Progress{Phase: PhaseBinding})
+
+	txID := newTransactionID()
+	resp, latency, err := roundTrip(packetConn, serverAddr, txID, nil, rto)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "binding request")
+	}
+
+	rto = max(minRTO, 3*latency)
+
+	externalAddr, ok := resp.externalAddr()
+	if !ok {
+		return nil, E.New("no mapped address in response")
+	}
+
+	result := &Result{
+		ExternalAddr: externalAddr.String(),
+		LatencyMs:    int32(latency.Milliseconds()),
+	}
+
+	reportProgress(Progress{
+		Phase:        PhaseBinding,
+		ExternalAddr: result.ExternalAddr,
+		LatencyMs:    result.LatencyMs,
+	})
+
+	otherAddr := resp.otherAddr
+	if !otherAddr.IsValid() {
+		result.NATTypeSupported = false
+		reportProgress(Progress{
+			Phase:        PhaseDone,
+			ExternalAddr: result.ExternalAddr,
+			LatencyMs:    result.LatencyMs,
+		})
+		return result, nil
+	}
+	result.NATTypeSupported = true
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return result, nil
+	default:
+	}
+
+	// Phase 2: NAT Mapping Detection (RFC 5780 Section 4.3)
+	reportProgress(Progress{
+		Phase:        PhaseNATMapping,
+		ExternalAddr: result.ExternalAddr,
+		LatencyMs:    result.LatencyMs,
+	})
+
+	result.NATMapping = detectNATMapping(
+		packetConn, serverSocksaddr.Port, externalAddr, otherAddr, rto,
+	)
+
+	reportProgress(Progress{
+		Phase:        PhaseNATMapping,
+		ExternalAddr: result.ExternalAddr,
+		LatencyMs:    result.LatencyMs,
+		NATMapping:   result.NATMapping,
+	})
+
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return result, nil
+	default:
+	}
+
+	// Phase 3: NAT Filtering Detection (RFC 5780 Section 4.4)
+	reportProgress(Progress{
+		Phase:        PhaseNATFiltering,
+		ExternalAddr: result.ExternalAddr,
+		LatencyMs:    result.LatencyMs,
+		NATMapping:   result.NATMapping,
+	})
+
+	result.NATFiltering = detectNATFiltering(packetConn, serverAddr, rto)
+
+	reportProgress(Progress{
+		Phase:        PhaseDone,
+		ExternalAddr: result.ExternalAddr,
+		LatencyMs:    result.LatencyMs,
+		NATMapping:   result.NATMapping,
+		NATFiltering: result.NATFiltering,
+	})
+
+	return result, nil
+}
+
+func detectNATMapping(
+	conn net.PacketConn,
+	serverPort uint16,
+	externalAddr netip.AddrPort,
+	otherAddr netip.AddrPort,
+	rto time.Duration,
+) NATMapping {
+	// Mapping Test II: Send to other_ip:server_port
+	testIIAddr := net.UDPAddrFromAddrPort(
+		netip.AddrPortFrom(otherAddr.Addr(), serverPort),
+	)
+	txID2 := newTransactionID()
+	resp2, _, err := roundTrip(conn, testIIAddr, txID2, nil, rto)
+	if err != nil {
+		return NATMappingUnknown
+	}
+
+	externalAddr2, ok := resp2.externalAddr()
+	if !ok {
+		return NATMappingUnknown
+	}
+
+	if externalAddr == externalAddr2 {
+		return NATMappingEndpointIndependent
+	}
+
+	// Mapping Test III: Send to other_ip:other_port
+	testIIIAddr := net.UDPAddrFromAddrPort(otherAddr)
+	txID3 := newTransactionID()
+	resp3, _, err := roundTrip(conn, testIIIAddr, txID3, nil, rto)
+	if err != nil {
+		return NATMappingUnknown
+	}
+
+	externalAddr3, ok := resp3.externalAddr()
+	if !ok {
+		return NATMappingUnknown
+	}
+
+	if externalAddr2 == externalAddr3 {
+		return NATMappingAddressDependent
+	}
+	return NATMappingAddressAndPortDependent
+}
+
+func detectNATFiltering(
+	conn net.PacketConn,
+	serverAddr net.Addr,
+	rto time.Duration,
+) NATFiltering {
+	// Filtering Test II: Request response from different IP and port
+	txID := newTransactionID()
+	_, _, err := roundTrip(conn, serverAddr, txID,
+		[]stunAttribute{changeRequestAttr(changeIP | changePort)}, rto)
+	if err == nil {
+		return NATFilteringEndpointIndependent
+	}
+
+	// Filtering Test III: Request response from different port only
+	txID = newTransactionID()
+	_, _, err = roundTrip(conn, serverAddr, txID,
+		[]stunAttribute{changeRequestAttr(changePort)}, rto)
+	if err == nil {
+		return NATFilteringAddressDependent
+	}
+
+	return NATFilteringAddressAndPortDependent
+}
+
+func paddingLen(n int) int {
+	if n%4 == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return 4 - n%4
+}

common/tls/acme.go

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 
 	"github.com/caddyserver/certmagic"
+	"github.com/libdns/acmedns"
 	"github.com/libdns/alidns"
 	"github.com/libdns/cloudflare"
 	"github.com/mholt/acmez/v3/acme"
@@ -37,37 +38,6 @@ func (w *acmeWrapper) Close() error {
 	return nil
 }
 
-type acmeLogWriter struct {
-	logger logger.Logger
-}
-
-func (w *acmeLogWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
-	logLine := strings.ReplaceAll(string(p), "	", ": ")
-	switch {
-	case strings.HasPrefix(logLine, "error: "):
-		w.logger.Error(logLine[7:])
-	case strings.HasPrefix(logLine, "warn: "):
-		w.logger.Warn(logLine[6:])
-	case strings.HasPrefix(logLine, "info: "):
-		w.logger.Info(logLine[6:])
-	case strings.HasPrefix(logLine, "debug: "):
-		w.logger.Debug(logLine[7:])
-	default:
-		w.logger.Debug(logLine)
-	}
-	return len(p), nil
-}
-
-func (w *acmeLogWriter) Sync() error {
-	return nil
-}
-
-func encoderConfig() zapcore.EncoderConfig {
-	config := zap.NewProductionEncoderConfig()
-	config.TimeKey = zapcore.OmitKey
-	return config
-}
-
 func startACME(ctx context.Context, logger logger.Logger, options option.InboundACMEOptions) (*tls.Config, adapter.SimpleLifecycle, error) {
 	var acmeServer string
 	switch options.Provider {
@@ -90,8 +60,8 @@ func startACME(ctx context.Context, logger logger.Logger, options option.Inbound
 		storage = certmagic.Default.Storage
 	}
 	zapLogger := zap.New(zapcore.NewCore(
-		zapcore.NewConsoleEncoder(encoderConfig()),
-		&acmeLogWriter{logger: logger},
+		zapcore.NewConsoleEncoder(ACMEEncoderConfig()),
+		&ACMELogWriter{Logger: logger},
 		zap.DebugLevel,
 	))
 	config := &certmagic.Config{
@@ -126,6 +96,13 @@ func startACME(ctx context.Context, logger logger.Logger, options option.Inbound
 				APIToken:  dnsOptions.CloudflareOptions.APIToken,
 				ZoneToken: dnsOptions.CloudflareOptions.ZoneToken,
 			}
+		case C.DNSProviderACMEDNS:
+			solver.DNSProvider = &acmedns.Provider{
+				Username:  dnsOptions.ACMEDNSOptions.Username,
+				Password:  dnsOptions.ACMEDNSOptions.Password,
+				Subdomain: dnsOptions.ACMEDNSOptions.Subdomain,
+				ServerURL: dnsOptions.ACMEDNSOptions.ServerURL,
+			}
 		default:
 			return nil, nil, E.New("unsupported ACME DNS01 provider type: " + dnsOptions.Provider)
 		}
@@ -150,7 +127,7 @@ func startACME(ctx context.Context, logger logger.Logger, options option.Inbound
 	} else {
 		tlsConfig = &tls.Config{
 			GetCertificate: config.GetCertificate,
-			NextProtos:     []string{ACMETLS1Protocol},
+			NextProtos:     []string{C.ACMETLS1Protocol},
 		}
 	}
 	return tlsConfig, &acmeWrapper{ctx: ctx, cfg: config, cache: cache, domain: options.Domain}, nil

common/tls/acme_logger.go

@@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
+package tls
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
+
+	"go.uber.org/zap"
+	"go.uber.org/zap/zapcore"
+)
+
+type ACMELogWriter struct {
+	Logger logger.Logger
+}
+
+func (w *ACMELogWriter) Write(p []byte) (n int, err error) {
+	logLine := strings.ReplaceAll(string(p), "	", ": ")
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(logLine, "error: "):
+		w.Logger.Error(logLine[7:])
+	case strings.HasPrefix(logLine, "warn: "):
+		w.Logger.Warn(logLine[6:])
+	case strings.HasPrefix(logLine, "info: "):
+		w.Logger.Info(logLine[6:])
+	case strings.HasPrefix(logLine, "debug: "):
+		w.Logger.Debug(logLine[7:])
+	default:
+		w.Logger.Debug(logLine)
+	}
+	return len(p), nil
+}
+
+func (w *ACMELogWriter) Sync() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func ACMEEncoderConfig() zapcore.EncoderConfig {
+	config := zap.NewProductionEncoderConfig()
+	config.TimeKey = zapcore.OmitKey
+	return config
+}

common/tls/client.go

@@ -8,14 +8,16 @@ import (
 	"os"
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/common/badtls"
-	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
+	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/logger"
 	M "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/metadata"
 	N "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/network"
 	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
 )
 
+var errMissingServerName = E.New("missing server_name or insecure=true")
+
 func NewDialerFromOptions(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, dialer N.Dialer, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (N.Dialer, error) {
 	if !options.Enabled {
 		return dialer, nil
@@ -42,11 +44,12 @@ func NewClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress s
 }
 
 type ClientOptions struct {
-	Context        context.Context
-	Logger         logger.ContextLogger
-	ServerAddress  string
-	Options        option.OutboundTLSOptions
-	KTLSCompatible bool
+	Context              context.Context
+	Logger               logger.ContextLogger
+	ServerAddress        string
+	Options              option.OutboundTLSOptions
+	AllowEmptyServerName bool
+	KTLSCompatible       bool
 }
 
 func NewClientWithOptions(options ClientOptions) (Config, error) {
@@ -62,16 +65,14 @@ func NewClientWithOptions(options ClientOptions) (Config, error) {
 		options.Logger.Warn("enabling kTLS RX will definitely reduce performance, please checkout https://sing-box.sagernet.org/configuration/shared/tls/#kernel_rx")
 	}
 	if options.Options.Reality != nil && options.Options.Reality.Enabled {
-		return NewRealityClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options)
+		return newRealityClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options, options.AllowEmptyServerName)
 	} else if options.Options.UTLS != nil && options.Options.UTLS.Enabled {
-		return NewUTLSClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options)
+		return newUTLSClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options, options.AllowEmptyServerName)
 	}
-	return NewSTDClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options)
+	return newSTDClient(options.Context, options.Logger, options.ServerAddress, options.Options, options.AllowEmptyServerName)
 }
 
 func ClientHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, config Config) (Conn, error) {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, C.TCPTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
 	tlsConn, err := aTLS.ClientHandshake(ctx, conn, config)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err

common/tls/ech.go

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ import (
 
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/dns"
-	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/deprecated"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	aTLS "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/tls"
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ func parseECHClientConfig(ctx context.Context, clientConfig ECHCapableConfig, op
 	}
 	//nolint:staticcheck
 	if options.ECH.PQSignatureSchemesEnabled || options.ECH.DynamicRecordSizingDisabled {
-		deprecated.Report(ctx, deprecated.OptionLegacyECHOptions)
+		return nil, E.New("legacy ECH options are deprecated in sing-box 1.12.0 and removed in sing-box 1.13.0")
 	}
 	if len(echConfig) > 0 {
 		block, rest := pem.Decode(echConfig)
@@ -77,7 +76,7 @@ func parseECHServerConfig(ctx context.Context, options option.InboundTLSOptions,
 	tlsConfig.EncryptedClientHelloKeys = echKeys
 	//nolint:staticcheck
 	if options.ECH.PQSignatureSchemesEnabled || options.ECH.DynamicRecordSizingDisabled {
-		deprecated.Report(ctx, deprecated.OptionLegacyECHOptions)
+		return E.New("legacy ECH options are deprecated in sing-box 1.12.0 and removed in sing-box 1.13.0")
 	}
 	return nil
 }

common/tls/reality_client.go

@@ -52,11 +52,15 @@ type RealityClientConfig struct {
 }
 
 func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+	return newRealityClient(ctx, logger, serverAddress, options, false)
+}
+
+func newRealityClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions, allowEmptyServerName bool) (Config, error) {
 	if options.UTLS == nil || !options.UTLS.Enabled {
 		return nil, E.New("uTLS is required by reality client")
 	}
 
-	uClient, err := NewUTLSClient(ctx, logger, serverAddress, options)
+	uClient, err := newUTLSClient(ctx, logger, serverAddress, options, allowEmptyServerName)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
@@ -108,6 +112,14 @@ func (e *RealityClientConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	e.uClient.SetNextProtos(nextProto)
 }
 
+func (e *RealityClientConfig) HandshakeTimeout() time.Duration {
+	return e.uClient.HandshakeTimeout()
+}
+
+func (e *RealityClientConfig) SetHandshakeTimeout(timeout time.Duration) {
+	e.uClient.SetHandshakeTimeout(timeout)
+}
+
 func (e *RealityClientConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return nil, E.New("unsupported usage for reality")
 }

common/tls/reality_server.go

@@ -26,12 +26,17 @@ import (
 var _ ServerConfigCompat = (*RealityServerConfig)(nil)
 
 type RealityServerConfig struct {
-	config *utls.RealityConfig
+	config           *utls.RealityConfig
+	handshakeTimeout time.Duration
 }
 
 func NewRealityServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
 	var tlsConfig utls.RealityConfig
 
+	if options.CertificateProvider != nil {
+		return nil, E.New("certificate_provider is unavailable in reality")
+	}
+	//nolint:staticcheck
 	if options.ACME != nil && len(options.ACME.Domain) > 0 {
 		return nil, E.New("acme is unavailable in reality")
 	}
@@ -126,7 +131,16 @@ func NewRealityServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options opt
 	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
 		return nil, E.New("Reality is conflict with ECH")
 	}
-	var config ServerConfig = &RealityServerConfig{&tlsConfig}
+	var handshakeTimeout time.Duration
+	if options.HandshakeTimeout > 0 {
+		handshakeTimeout = options.HandshakeTimeout.Build()
+	} else {
+		handshakeTimeout = C.TCPTimeout
+	}
+	var config ServerConfig = &RealityServerConfig{
+		config:           &tlsConfig,
+		handshakeTimeout: handshakeTimeout,
+	}
 	if options.KernelTx || options.KernelRx {
 		if !C.IsLinux {
 			return nil, E.New("kTLS is only supported on Linux")
@@ -157,6 +171,14 @@ func (c *RealityServerConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config.NextProtos = nextProto
 }
 
+func (c *RealityServerConfig) HandshakeTimeout() time.Duration {
+	return c.handshakeTimeout
+}
+
+func (c *RealityServerConfig) SetHandshakeTimeout(timeout time.Duration) {
+	c.handshakeTimeout = timeout
+}
+
 func (c *RealityServerConfig) STDConfig() (*tls.Config, error) {
 	return nil, E.New("unsupported usage for reality")
 }
@@ -187,7 +209,8 @@ func (c *RealityServerConfig) ServerHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn
 
 func (c *RealityServerConfig) Clone() Config {
 	return &RealityServerConfig{
-		config: c.config.Clone(),
+		config:           c.config.Clone(),
+		handshakeTimeout: c.handshakeTimeout,
 	}
 }
 

common/tls/server.go

@@ -46,8 +46,11 @@ func NewServerWithOptions(options ServerOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
 }
 
 func ServerHandshake(ctx context.Context, conn net.Conn, config ServerConfig) (Conn, error) {
-	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, C.TCPTimeout)
-	defer cancel()
+	if config.HandshakeTimeout() == 0 {
+		var cancel context.CancelFunc
+		ctx, cancel = context.WithTimeout(ctx, C.TCPTimeout)
+		defer cancel()
+	}
 	tlsConn, err := aTLS.ServerHandshake(ctx, conn, config)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err

common/tls/std_client.go

@@ -24,16 +24,30 @@ import (
 type STDClientConfig struct {
 	ctx                   context.Context
 	config                *tls.Config
+	serverName            string
+	disableSNI            bool
+	verifyServerName      bool
+	handshakeTimeout      time.Duration
 	fragment              bool
 	fragmentFallbackDelay time.Duration
 	recordFragment        bool
 }
 
 func (c *STDClientConfig) ServerName() string {
-	return c.config.ServerName
+	return c.serverName
 }
 
 func (c *STDClientConfig) SetServerName(serverName string) {
+	c.serverName = serverName
+	if c.disableSNI {
+		c.config.ServerName = ""
+		if c.verifyServerName {
+			c.config.VerifyConnection = verifyConnection(c.config.RootCAs, c.config.Time, serverName)
+		} else {
+			c.config.VerifyConnection = nil
+		}
+		return
+	}
 	c.config.ServerName = serverName
 }
 
@@ -45,6 +59,14 @@ func (c *STDClientConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config.NextProtos = nextProto
 }
 
+func (c *STDClientConfig) HandshakeTimeout() time.Duration {
+	return c.handshakeTimeout
+}
+
+func (c *STDClientConfig) SetHandshakeTimeout(timeout time.Duration) {
+	c.handshakeTimeout = timeout
+}
+
 func (c *STDClientConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return c.config, nil
 }
@@ -57,13 +79,19 @@ func (c *STDClientConfig) Client(conn net.Conn) (Conn, error) {
 }
 
 func (c *STDClientConfig) Clone() Config {
-	return &STDClientConfig{
+	cloned := &STDClientConfig{
 		ctx:                   c.ctx,
 		config:                c.config.Clone(),
+		serverName:            c.serverName,
+		disableSNI:            c.disableSNI,
+		verifyServerName:      c.verifyServerName,
+		handshakeTimeout:      c.handshakeTimeout,
 		fragment:              c.fragment,
 		fragmentFallbackDelay: c.fragmentFallbackDelay,
 		recordFragment:        c.recordFragment,
 	}
+	cloned.SetServerName(cloned.serverName)
+	return cloned
 }
 
 func (c *STDClientConfig) ECHConfigList() []byte {
@@ -75,41 +103,27 @@ func (c *STDClientConfig) SetECHConfigList(EncryptedClientHelloConfigList []byte
 }
 
 func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+	return newSTDClient(ctx, logger, serverAddress, options, false)
+}
+
+func newSTDClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions, allowEmptyServerName bool) (Config, error) {
 	var serverName string
 	if options.ServerName != "" {
 		serverName = options.ServerName
 	} else if serverAddress != "" {
 		serverName = serverAddress
 	}
-	if serverName == "" && !options.Insecure {
-		return nil, E.New("missing server_name or insecure=true")
+	if serverName == "" && !options.Insecure && !allowEmptyServerName {
+		return nil, errMissingServerName
 	}
 
 	var tlsConfig tls.Config
 	tlsConfig.Time = ntp.TimeFuncFromContext(ctx)
 	tlsConfig.RootCAs = adapter.RootPoolFromContext(ctx)
-	if !options.DisableSNI {
-		tlsConfig.ServerName = serverName
-	}
 	if options.Insecure {
 		tlsConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = options.Insecure
 	} else if options.DisableSNI {
 		tlsConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = true
-		tlsConfig.VerifyConnection = func(state tls.ConnectionState) error {
-			verifyOptions := x509.VerifyOptions{
-				Roots:         tlsConfig.RootCAs,
-				DNSName:       serverName,
-				Intermediates: x509.NewCertPool(),
-			}
-			for _, cert := range state.PeerCertificates[1:] {
-				verifyOptions.Intermediates.AddCert(cert)
-			}
-			if tlsConfig.Time != nil {
-				verifyOptions.CurrentTime = tlsConfig.Time()
-			}
-			_, err := state.PeerCertificates[0].Verify(verifyOptions)
-			return err
-		}
 	}
 	if len(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256) > 0 {
 		if len(options.Certificate) > 0 || options.CertificatePath != "" {
@@ -198,7 +212,24 @@ func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddres
 	} else if len(clientCertificate) > 0 || len(clientKey) > 0 {
 		return nil, E.New("client certificate and client key must be provided together")
 	}
-	var config Config = &STDClientConfig{ctx, &tlsConfig, options.Fragment, time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay), options.RecordFragment}
+	var handshakeTimeout time.Duration
+	if options.HandshakeTimeout > 0 {
+		handshakeTimeout = options.HandshakeTimeout.Build()
+	} else {
+		handshakeTimeout = C.TCPTimeout
+	}
+	var config Config = &STDClientConfig{
+		ctx:                   ctx,
+		config:                &tlsConfig,
+		serverName:            serverName,
+		disableSNI:            options.DisableSNI,
+		verifyServerName:      options.DisableSNI && !options.Insecure,
+		handshakeTimeout:      handshakeTimeout,
+		fragment:              options.Fragment,
+		fragmentFallbackDelay: time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay),
+		recordFragment:        options.RecordFragment,
+	}
+	config.SetServerName(serverName)
 	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
 		var err error
 		config, err = parseECHClientConfig(ctx, config.(ECHCapableConfig), options)
@@ -220,6 +251,27 @@ func NewSTDClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddres
 	return config, nil
 }
 
+func verifyConnection(rootCAs *x509.CertPool, timeFunc func() time.Time, serverName string) func(state tls.ConnectionState) error {
+	return func(state tls.ConnectionState) error {
+		if serverName == "" {
+			return errMissingServerName
+		}
+		verifyOptions := x509.VerifyOptions{
+			Roots:         rootCAs,
+			DNSName:       serverName,
+			Intermediates: x509.NewCertPool(),
+		}
+		for _, cert := range state.PeerCertificates[1:] {
+			verifyOptions.Intermediates.AddCert(cert)
+		}
+		if timeFunc != nil {
+			verifyOptions.CurrentTime = timeFunc()
+		}
+		_, err := state.PeerCertificates[0].Verify(verifyOptions)
+		return err
+	}
+}
+
 func verifyPublicKeySHA256(knownHashValues [][]byte, rawCerts [][]byte, timeFunc func() time.Time) error {
 	leafCertificate, err := x509.ParseCertificate(rawCerts[0])
 	if err != nil {

common/tls/std_server.go

@@ -13,19 +13,88 @@ import (
 	"github.com/sagernet/fswatch"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/adapter"
 	C "github.com/sagernet/sing-box/constant"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/experimental/deprecated"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/log"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing-box/option"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common"
 	E "github.com/sagernet/sing/common/exceptions"
 	"github.com/sagernet/sing/common/ntp"
+	"github.com/sagernet/sing/service"
 )
 
 var errInsecureUnused = E.New("tls: insecure unused")
 
+type managedCertificateProvider interface {
+	adapter.CertificateProvider
+	adapter.SimpleLifecycle
+}
+
+type sharedCertificateProvider struct {
+	tag      string
+	manager  adapter.CertificateProviderManager
+	provider adapter.CertificateProviderService
+}
+
+func (p *sharedCertificateProvider) Start() error {
+	provider, found := p.manager.Get(p.tag)
+	if !found {
+		return E.New("certificate provider not found: ", p.tag)
+	}
+	p.provider = provider
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *sharedCertificateProvider) Close() error {
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *sharedCertificateProvider) GetCertificate(hello *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
+	return p.provider.GetCertificate(hello)
+}
+
+func (p *sharedCertificateProvider) GetACMENextProtos() []string {
+	return getACMENextProtos(p.provider)
+}
+
+type inlineCertificateProvider struct {
+	provider adapter.CertificateProviderService
+}
+
+func (p *inlineCertificateProvider) Start() error {
+	for _, stage := range adapter.ListStartStages {
+		err := adapter.LegacyStart(p.provider, stage)
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (p *inlineCertificateProvider) Close() error {
+	return p.provider.Close()
+}
+
+func (p *inlineCertificateProvider) GetCertificate(hello *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Certificate, error) {
+	return p.provider.GetCertificate(hello)
+}
+
+func (p *inlineCertificateProvider) GetACMENextProtos() []string {
+	return getACMENextProtos(p.provider)
+}
+
+func getACMENextProtos(provider adapter.CertificateProvider) []string {
+	if acmeProvider, isACME := provider.(adapter.ACMECertificateProvider); isACME {
+		return acmeProvider.GetACMENextProtos()
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
 type STDServerConfig struct {
 	access                sync.RWMutex
 	config                *tls.Config
+	handshakeTimeout      time.Duration
 	logger                log.Logger
+	certificateProvider   managedCertificateProvider
 	acmeService           adapter.SimpleLifecycle
 	certificate           []byte
 	key                   []byte
@@ -53,18 +122,17 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) SetServerName(serverName string) {
 func (c *STDServerConfig) NextProtos() []string {
 	c.access.RLock()
 	defer c.access.RUnlock()
-	if c.acmeService != nil && len(c.config.NextProtos) > 1 && c.config.NextProtos[0] == ACMETLS1Protocol {
+	if c.hasACMEALPN() && len(c.config.NextProtos) > 1 && c.config.NextProtos[0] == C.ACMETLS1Protocol {
 		return c.config.NextProtos[1:]
-	} else {
-		return c.config.NextProtos
 	}
+	return c.config.NextProtos
 }
 
 func (c *STDServerConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.access.Lock()
 	defer c.access.Unlock()
 	config := c.config.Clone()
-	if c.acmeService != nil && len(c.config.NextProtos) > 1 && c.config.NextProtos[0] == ACMETLS1Protocol {
+	if c.hasACMEALPN() && len(c.config.NextProtos) > 1 && c.config.NextProtos[0] == C.ACMETLS1Protocol {
 		config.NextProtos = append(c.config.NextProtos[:1], nextProto...)
 	} else {
 		config.NextProtos = nextProto
@@ -72,6 +140,30 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config = config
 }
 
+func (c *STDServerConfig) HandshakeTimeout() time.Duration {
+	c.access.RLock()
+	defer c.access.RUnlock()
+	return c.handshakeTimeout
+}
+
+func (c *STDServerConfig) SetHandshakeTimeout(timeout time.Duration) {
+	c.access.Lock()
+	defer c.access.Unlock()
+	c.handshakeTimeout = timeout
+}
+
+func (c *STDServerConfig) hasACMEALPN() bool {
+	if c.acmeService != nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	if c.certificateProvider != nil {
+		if acmeProvider, isACME := c.certificateProvider.(adapter.ACMECertificateProvider); isACME {
+			return len(acmeProvider.GetACMENextProtos()) > 0
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
 func (c *STDServerConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return c.config, nil
 }
@@ -86,20 +178,45 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) Server(conn net.Conn) (Conn, error) {
 
 func (c *STDServerConfig) Clone() Config {
 	return &STDServerConfig{
-		config: c.config.Clone(),
+		config:           c.config.Clone(),
+		handshakeTimeout: c.handshakeTimeout,
 	}
 }
 
 func (c *STDServerConfig) Start() error {
-	if c.acmeService != nil {
-		return c.acmeService.Start()
-	} else {
-		err := c.startWatcher()
+	if c.certificateProvider != nil {
+		err := c.certificateProvider.Start()
 		if err != nil {
-			c.logger.Warn("create fsnotify watcher: ", err)
+			return err
+		}
+		if acmeProvider, isACME := c.certificateProvider.(adapter.ACMECertificateProvider); isACME {
+			nextProtos := acmeProvider.GetACMENextProtos()
+			if len(nextProtos) > 0 {
+				c.access.Lock()
+				config := c.config.Clone()
+				mergedNextProtos := append([]string{}, nextProtos...)
+				for _, nextProto := range config.NextProtos {
+					if !common.Contains(mergedNextProtos, nextProto) {
+						mergedNextProtos = append(mergedNextProtos, nextProto)
+					}
+				}
+				config.NextProtos = mergedNextProtos
+				c.config = config
+				c.access.Unlock()
+			}
 		}
-		return nil
 	}
+	if c.acmeService != nil {
+		err := c.acmeService.Start()
+		if err != nil {
+			return err
+		}
+	}
+	err := c.startWatcher()
+	if err != nil {
+		c.logger.Warn("create fsnotify watcher: ", err)
+	}
+	return nil
 }
 
 func (c *STDServerConfig) startWatcher() error {
@@ -203,23 +320,34 @@ func (c *STDServerConfig) certificateUpdated(path string) error {
 }
 
 func (c *STDServerConfig) Close() error {
-	if c.acmeService != nil {
-		return c.acmeService.Close()
-	}
-	if c.watcher != nil {
-		return c.watcher.Close()
-	}
-	return nil
+	return common.Close(c.certificateProvider, c.acmeService, c.watcher)
 }
 
 func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.InboundTLSOptions) (ServerConfig, error) {
 	if !options.Enabled {
 		return nil, nil
 	}
+	//nolint:staticcheck
+	if options.CertificateProvider != nil && options.ACME != nil {
+		return nil, E.New("certificate_provider and acme are mutually exclusive")
+	}
 	var tlsConfig *tls.Config
+	var certificateProvider managedCertificateProvider
 	var acmeService adapter.SimpleLifecycle
 	var err error
-	if options.ACME != nil && len(options.ACME.Domain) > 0 {
+	if options.CertificateProvider != nil {
+		certificateProvider, err = newCertificateProvider(ctx, logger, options.CertificateProvider)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+		tlsConfig = &tls.Config{
+			GetCertificate: certificateProvider.GetCertificate,
+		}
+		if options.Insecure {
+			return nil, errInsecureUnused
+		}
+	} else if options.ACME != nil && len(options.ACME.Domain) > 0 { //nolint:staticcheck
+		deprecated.Report(ctx, deprecated.OptionInlineACME)
 		//nolint:staticcheck
 		tlsConfig, acmeService, err = startACME(ctx, logger, common.PtrValueOrDefault(options.ACME))
 		if err != nil {
@@ -272,7 +400,7 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.
 		certificate []byte
 		key         []byte
 	)
-	if acmeService == nil {
+	if certificateProvider == nil && acmeService == nil {
 		if len(options.Certificate) > 0 {
 			certificate = []byte(strings.Join(options.Certificate, "\n"))
 		} else if options.CertificatePath != "" {
@@ -357,9 +485,17 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.
 			return nil, err
 		}
 	}
+	var handshakeTimeout time.Duration
+	if options.HandshakeTimeout > 0 {
+		handshakeTimeout = options.HandshakeTimeout.Build()
+	} else {
+		handshakeTimeout = C.TCPTimeout
+	}
 	serverConfig := &STDServerConfig{
 		config:                tlsConfig,
+		handshakeTimeout:      handshakeTimeout,
 		logger:                logger,
+		certificateProvider:   certificateProvider,
 		acmeService:           acmeService,
 		certificate:           certificate,
 		key:                   key,
@@ -369,8 +505,8 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.
 		echKeyPath:            echKeyPath,
 	}
 	serverConfig.config.GetConfigForClient = func(info *tls.ClientHelloInfo) (*tls.Config, error) {
-		serverConfig.access.Lock()
-		defer serverConfig.access.Unlock()
+		serverConfig.access.RLock()
+		defer serverConfig.access.RUnlock()
 		return serverConfig.config, nil
 	}
 	var config ServerConfig = serverConfig
@@ -387,3 +523,27 @@ func NewSTDServer(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options option.
 	}
 	return config, nil
 }
+
+func newCertificateProvider(ctx context.Context, logger log.ContextLogger, options *option.CertificateProviderOptions) (managedCertificateProvider, error) {
+	if options.IsShared() {
+		manager := service.FromContext[adapter.CertificateProviderManager](ctx)
+		if manager == nil {
+			return nil, E.New("missing certificate provider manager in context")
+		}
+		return &sharedCertificateProvider{
+			tag:     options.Tag,
+			manager: manager,
+		}, nil
+	}
+	registry := service.FromContext[adapter.CertificateProviderRegistry](ctx)
+	if registry == nil {
+		return nil, E.New("missing certificate provider registry in context")
+	}
+	provider, err := registry.Create(ctx, logger, "", options.Type, options.Options)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, E.Cause(err, "create inline certificate provider")
+	}
+	return &inlineCertificateProvider{
+		provider: provider,
+	}, nil
+}

common/tls/utls_client.go

@@ -28,6 +28,10 @@ import (
 type UTLSClientConfig struct {
 	ctx                   context.Context
 	config                *utls.Config
+	serverName            string
+	disableSNI            bool
+	verifyServerName      bool
+	handshakeTimeout      time.Duration
 	id                    utls.ClientHelloID
 	fragment              bool
 	fragmentFallbackDelay time.Duration
@@ -35,10 +39,20 @@ type UTLSClientConfig struct {
 }
 
 func (c *UTLSClientConfig) ServerName() string {
-	return c.config.ServerName
+	return c.serverName
 }
 
 func (c *UTLSClientConfig) SetServerName(serverName string) {
+	c.serverName = serverName
+	if c.disableSNI {
+		c.config.ServerName = ""
+		if c.verifyServerName {
+			c.config.InsecureServerNameToVerify = serverName
+		} else {
+			c.config.InsecureServerNameToVerify = ""
+		}
+		return
+	}
 	c.config.ServerName = serverName
 }
 
@@ -53,6 +67,14 @@ func (c *UTLSClientConfig) SetNextProtos(nextProto []string) {
 	c.config.NextProtos = nextProto
 }
 
+func (c *UTLSClientConfig) HandshakeTimeout() time.Duration {
+	return c.handshakeTimeout
+}
+
+func (c *UTLSClientConfig) SetHandshakeTimeout(timeout time.Duration) {
+	c.handshakeTimeout = timeout
+}
+
 func (c *UTLSClientConfig) STDConfig() (*STDConfig, error) {
 	return nil, E.New("unsupported usage for uTLS")
 }
@@ -69,9 +91,20 @@ func (c *UTLSClientConfig) SetSessionIDGenerator(generator func(clientHello []by
 }
 
 func (c *UTLSClientConfig) Clone() Config {
-	return &UTLSClientConfig{
-		c.ctx, c.config.Clone(), c.id, c.fragment, c.fragmentFallbackDelay, c.recordFragment,
+	cloned := &UTLSClientConfig{
+		ctx:                   c.ctx,
+		config:                c.config.Clone(),
+		serverName:            c.serverName,
+		disableSNI:            c.disableSNI,
+		verifyServerName:      c.verifyServerName,
+		handshakeTimeout:      c.handshakeTimeout,
+		id:                    c.id,
+		fragment:              c.fragment,
+		fragmentFallbackDelay: c.fragmentFallbackDelay,
+		recordFragment:        c.recordFragment,
 	}
+	cloned.SetServerName(cloned.serverName)
+	return cloned
 }
 
 func (c *UTLSClientConfig) ECHConfigList() []byte {
@@ -143,29 +176,29 @@ func (c *utlsALPNWrapper) HandshakeContext(ctx context.Context) error {
 }
 
 func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+	return newUTLSClient(ctx, logger, serverAddress, options, false)
+}
+
+func newUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions, allowEmptyServerName bool) (Config, error) {
 	var serverName string
 	if options.ServerName != "" {
 		serverName = options.ServerName
 	} else if serverAddress != "" {
 		serverName = serverAddress
 	}
-	if serverName == "" && !options.Insecure {
-		return nil, E.New("missing server_name or insecure=true")
+	if serverName == "" && !options.Insecure && !allowEmptyServerName {
+		return nil, errMissingServerName
 	}
 
 	var tlsConfig utls.Config
 	tlsConfig.Time = ntp.TimeFuncFromContext(ctx)
 	tlsConfig.RootCAs = adapter.RootPoolFromContext(ctx)
-	if !options.DisableSNI {
-		tlsConfig.ServerName = serverName
-	}
 	if options.Insecure {
 		tlsConfig.InsecureSkipVerify = options.Insecure
 	} else if options.DisableSNI {
 		if options.Reality != nil && options.Reality.Enabled {
 			return nil, E.New("disable_sni is unsupported in reality")
 		}
-		tlsConfig.InsecureServerNameToVerify = serverName
 	}
 	if len(options.CertificatePublicKeySHA256) > 0 {
 		if len(options.Certificate) > 0 || options.CertificatePath != "" {
@@ -251,11 +284,29 @@ func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddre
 	} else if len(clientCertificate) > 0 || len(clientKey) > 0 {
 		return nil, E.New("client certificate and client key must be provided together")
 	}
+	var handshakeTimeout time.Duration
+	if options.HandshakeTimeout > 0 {
+		handshakeTimeout = options.HandshakeTimeout.Build()
+	} else {
+		handshakeTimeout = C.TCPTimeout
+	}
 	id, err := uTLSClientHelloID(options.UTLS.Fingerprint)
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	var config Config = &UTLSClientConfig{ctx, &tlsConfig, id, options.Fragment, time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay), options.RecordFragment}
+	var config Config = &UTLSClientConfig{
+		ctx:                   ctx,
+		config:                &tlsConfig,
+		serverName:            serverName,
+		disableSNI:            options.DisableSNI,
+		verifyServerName:      options.DisableSNI && !options.Insecure,
+		handshakeTimeout:      handshakeTimeout,
+		id:                    id,
+		fragment:              options.Fragment,
+		fragmentFallbackDelay: time.Duration(options.FragmentFallbackDelay),
+		recordFragment:        options.RecordFragment,
+	}
+	config.SetServerName(serverName)
 	if options.ECH != nil && options.ECH.Enabled {
 		if options.Reality != nil && options.Reality.Enabled {
 			return nil, E.New("Reality is conflict with ECH")

common/tls/utls_stub.go

@@ -12,10 +12,18 @@ import (
 )
 
 func NewUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+	return newUTLSClient(ctx, logger, serverAddress, options, false)
+}
+
+func newUTLSClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions, allowEmptyServerName bool) (Config, error) {
 	return nil, E.New(`uTLS is not included in this build, rebuild with -tags with_utls`)
 }
 
 func NewRealityClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions) (Config, error) {
+	return newRealityClient(ctx, logger, serverAddress, options, false)
+}
+
+func newRealityClient(ctx context.Context, logger logger.ContextLogger, serverAddress string, options option.OutboundTLSOptions, allowEmptyServerName bool) (Config, error) {
 	return nil, E.New(`uTLS, which is required by reality is not included in this build, rebuild with -tags with_utls`)
 }
 

constant/dns.go

@@ -15,22 +15,22 @@ const (
 )
 
 const (
-	DNSTypeLegacy      = "legacy"
-	DNSTypeLegacyRcode = "legacy_rcode"
-	DNSTypeUDP         = "udp"
-	DNSTypeTCP         = "tcp"
-	DNSTypeTLS         = "tls"
-	DNSTypeHTTPS       = "https"
-	DNSTypeQUIC        = "quic"
-	DNSTypeHTTP3       = "h3"
-	DNSTypeLocal       = "local"
-	DNSTypeHosts       = "hosts"
-	DNSTypeFakeIP      = "fakeip"
-	DNSTypeDHCP        = "dhcp"
-	DNSTypeTailscale   = "tailscale"
+	DNSTypeLegacy    = "legacy"
+	DNSTypeUDP       = "udp"
+	DNSTypeTCP       = "tcp"
+	DNSTypeTLS       = "tls"
+	DNSTypeHTTPS     = "https"
+	DNSTypeQUIC      = "quic"
+	DNSTypeHTTP3     = "h3"
+	DNSTypeLocal     = "local"
+	DNSTypeHosts     = "hosts"
+	DNSTypeFakeIP    = "fakeip"
+	DNSTypeDHCP      = "dhcp"
+	DNSTypeTailscale = "tailscale"
 )
 
 const (
 	DNSProviderAliDNS     = "alidns"
 	DNSProviderCloudflare = "cloudflare"
+	DNSProviderACMEDNS    = "acmedns"
 )

constant/proxy.go

@@ -1,35 +1,39 @@
 package constant
 
 const (
-	TypeTun          = "tun"
-	TypeRedirect     = "redirect"
-	TypeTProxy       = "tproxy"
-	TypeDirect       = "direct"
-	TypeBlock        = "block"
-	TypeDNS          = "dns"
-	TypeSOCKS        = "socks"
-	TypeHTTP         = "http"
-	TypeMixed        = "mixed"
-	TypeShadowsocks  = "shadowsocks"
-	TypeVMess        = "vmess"
-	TypeTrojan       = "trojan"
-	TypeNaive        = "naive"
-	TypeWireGuard    = "wireguard"
-	TypeHysteria     = "hysteria"
-	TypeTor          = "tor"
-	TypeSSH          = "ssh"
-	TypeShadowTLS    = "shadowtls"
-	TypeAnyTLS       = "anytls"
-	TypeShadowsocksR = "shadowsocksr"
-	TypeVLESS        = "vless"
-	TypeTUIC         = "tuic"
-	TypeHysteria2    = "hysteria2"
-	TypeTailscale    = "tailscale"
-	TypeDERP         = "derp"
-	TypeResolved     = "resolved"
-	TypeSSMAPI       = "ssm-api"
-	TypeCCM          = "ccm"
-	TypeOCM          = "ocm"
+	TypeTun                = "tun"
+	TypeRedirect           = "redirect"
+	TypeTProxy             = "tproxy"
+	TypeDirect             = "direct"
+	TypeBlock              = "block"
+	TypeDNS                = "dns"
+	TypeSOCKS              = "socks"
+	TypeHTTP               = "http"
+	TypeMixed              = "mixed"
+	TypeShadowsocks        = "shadowsocks"
+	TypeVMess              = "vmess"
+	TypeTrojan             = "trojan"
+	TypeNaive              = "naive"
+	TypeWireGuard          = "wireguard"
+	TypeHysteria           = "hysteria"
+	TypeTor                = "tor"
+	TypeSSH                = "ssh"
+	TypeShadowTLS          = "shadowtls"
+	TypeAnyTLS             = "anytls"
+	TypeShadowsocksR       = "shadowsocksr"
+	TypeVLESS              = "vless"
+	TypeTUIC               = "tuic"
+	TypeHysteria2          = "hysteria2"
+	TypeTailscale          = "tailscale"
+	TypeCloudflared        = "cloudflared"
+	TypeDERP               = "derp"
+	TypeResolved           = "resolved"
+	TypeSSMAPI             = "ssm-api"
+	TypeCCM                = "ccm"
+	TypeOCM                = "ocm"
+	TypeOOMKiller          = "oom-killer"
+	TypeACME               = "acme"
+	TypeCloudflareOriginCA = "cloudflare-origin-ca"
 )
 
 const (
@@ -85,6 +89,10 @@ func ProxyDisplayName(proxyType string) string {
 		return "Hysteria2"
 	case TypeAnyTLS:
 		return "AnyTLS"
+	case TypeTailscale:
+		return "Tailscale"
+	case TypeCloudflared:
+		return "Cloudflared"
 	case TypeSelector:
 		return "Selector"
 	case TypeURLTest: